In the present study,three varieties of kidney beans(Red Rajma(RR),Rajma Chitra(RC),and Rajma Sharmili(RS))were physically characterized and the effect of pre-gelatinization by microwave and hot water on functional an...In the present study,three varieties of kidney beans(Red Rajma(RR),Rajma Chitra(RC),and Rajma Sharmili(RS))were physically characterized and the effect of pre-gelatinization by microwave and hot water on functional and pasting properties of flour were studied.A significant difference was observed in the physical properties of all the kidney beans,indicating that they can be easily characterized and identified based on physical properties.Pre-gelatinization treatment led to variation in color,functional and pasting properties of flours.Color parameters L^(*),b^(*),chroma,and hue values reduced with the treatment,whereas a^(*) and total color difference(△E)values increased.Water absorption capacity(WAC)and oil absorption capacity(OAC)varied in the range of 1.15-1.91%and 1.25-1.75%for microwave and hot water treatment,respectively.The highest value of WAC and OAC was observed for microwave-treated RC and hot water-treated RR,respectively.WAC increases with both treatments,whereas OAC increases only with water bath cooking.Functional group analysis(FTIR)showed no major peaks shifting in water bath treatment,whereas a slight deflation of certain peaks was observed in the case of microwave treatment.Pasting curves showed a significant reduction in peak and final viscosity after pre-gelatinization treatment;however,none of the samples showed any breakdown during cooking.展开更多
We report on the single crystal growth and superconducting properties of PbTaSe2 with the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure. By using the chemicM vapor transport technique, centimeter-size single crystals are succ...We report on the single crystal growth and superconducting properties of PbTaSe2 with the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure. By using the chemicM vapor transport technique, centimeter-size single crystals are success- fully obtained. The measurement of temperature dependence of electricaJ resistivity p（T） in both normal and superconducting states indicates a quasi-two-dimensional electronic state in contrast to that of polycrystalline samples. Specific heat C（T） measurement reveals a bulk superconductivity with Tc ≈ 3.75K and a specific heat jump ratio of 1.42. All these results are in agreement with a moderately electron-phonon coupled, type-g Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductor.展开更多
Since lithium-ion batteries have been put into use,the recession of work cycle efficiency at low temperatures has received widespread attention.In this paper,we investigated the effect of low temperature(−5℃,0℃,5℃)...Since lithium-ion batteries have been put into use,the recession of work cycle efficiency at low temperatures has received widespread attention.In this paper,we investigated the effect of low temperature(−5℃,0℃,5℃)environments on the performance of lithium-ion batteries,which are well-known for their excellent discharge performance,cycle life,and safety.However,lithium-ion batteries exhibit significant capacity degradation at low temperatures,especially at 0℃,losing availability after only 10 cycles.Therefore,we conducted cycle degradation tests at 1C discharge and 100% charge-discharge conditions.In this paper,we analyzed the surface morphology,structure,and elemental composition of the positive and negative electrodes before and after the aging process by disassembling theminto half-cells and using three physical characterization techniques:scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Our study identifies the temperature range for accelerated aging,which provides guidance for the optimal use of lithium-ion batteries in low temperature environments,thus contributing to the rational utilization and enhanced the performance of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures.展开更多
Due to the deficiency of sliding Lagrange polynomial interpolation, the author proposes a new interpolation method, which considers the physical character of satellite movement in coordinate transformation and reasona...Due to the deficiency of sliding Lagrange polynomial interpolation, the author proposes a new interpolation method, which considers the physical character of satellite movement in coordinate transformation and reasonable selection of interpolation function. Precision of the two methods is compared by a numerical example. The result shows that the new method is superior to the sliding Lagrange polynomial interpolation in interpolation and extrapolation, especially in extrapolation that is over short time spans.展开更多
In this work we determine the physical and mechanical properties of local composites reinforced with papaya trunk fibers (FTP) on one hand and particles of the hulls of the kernels of the garlic (PCNFA) in the other h...In this work we determine the physical and mechanical properties of local composites reinforced with papaya trunk fibers (FTP) on one hand and particles of the hulls of the kernels of the garlic (PCNFA) in the other hand. The samples are produced according to BSI 2782 standards;by combining fibers and untreated to polyester matrix following the contact molding method. We notice that the long fibers of papaya trunks improve the tensile/compression characteristics of composites by 45.44% compared to pure polyester;while the short fibers improve the flexural strength of composites by 62.30% compared to pure polyester. Furthermore, adding fibers decreases the density of the final composite material and the rate of water absorption increases with the size of the fibers. As regards composite materials with particle reinforcement from the cores of the winged fruits, the particle size (fine ≤ 800 μm and large ≤ 1.6 mm) has no influence on the Young’s modulus and on the rate of water absorption. On the other hand, fine particles improve the flexural strength of composite materials by 53.08% compared to pure polyester;fine particles increase the density by 19% compared to the density of pure polyester.展开更多
Solid formulations represent the most widely used dosage forms,and their structural attributes significantly impact the efficacy of drugs.Consequently,delving into the study of solid formulation structures is of param...Solid formulations represent the most widely used dosage forms,and their structural attributes significantly impact the efficacy of drugs.Consequently,delving into the study of solid formulation structures is of paramount importance.This paper employs bibliometrics to summarize references on solid formulations and physical structure over the past 5 years,providing a visual representation through CiteSpace.Additionally,we explore influential factors affecting the structure of solid formulations at three distinct levels:raw material,intermediate,and final product.It delves into the discussion of various characterization techniques employed to analyze the physical structure of solid formulations.The techniques include scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-nuclear magnetic resonance,thermal analysis,and terahertz.Emphasis is placed on the significance of investigating formulation structures,serving as a found ational step for future research and development in this field.This comprehensive approach aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of solid formulations for enhanced drug effectiveness.展开更多
This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste(MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex character...This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste(MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex characteristics with organic fractions of the highest proportions. As leachate percolates into the soil, it migrates contaminants into the soil and affects soil stability and strength. The study includes the geotechnical investigation of dump soil characteristics and its comparison with the natural soil samples taken from outside the proximity of dumpsites. The geochemical analysis of dumpsite soil samples was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).Visual inspection revealed that the MSW consists of high fraction of organics, followed by paper. The soil samples were collected from five trial pits in the dumpsites at depths of 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. Then the collected soil samples were subjected to specific gravity test, grain size analysis, Atterberg’s limit test,compaction test, direct shear test, California bearing ratio(CBR) test and permeability analysis. The study indicated that the dumpsite soils from four study regions show decreasing trends in the values of maximum dry density(MDD), specific gravity, cohesion and CBR, and increasing permeability as compared to the natural soil. The results show that the geotechnical properties of the soils at all four study locations have been severely hampered due to contamination induced by open dumping of waste.展开更多
Being as an example of Fuxin, gangue abandoned place was classified gangue hill and dump. It was built 68 piece of temporary standard fields, which physical and chemical character of soil were researched and analyzed....Being as an example of Fuxin, gangue abandoned place was classified gangue hill and dump. It was built 68 piece of temporary standard fields, which physical and chemical character of soil were researched and analyzed. The quality of district site was estimated, and five type abandoned place were gotten. Stopping draining cash less than 7 a and draining cash gangue hill was regarded as I gangue hill. Stopping draining gangue age limit 7-15 a and herbage abundance being COlp level was regarded as II gangue hill. Stopping draining gangue age limit 15-25 a and herbage abundance CO2p level was regarded as III gangue hill. Stopping draining cash gangue age limit over 25 a and herbage abundance CO3p level was regarded as IV gangue hill. Dump being formed the underground layer dug up and stacked in the course of mining was regarded asVgangue hill. The results show that every typical abandoned place can plant vegetable.展开更多
The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and physical properties of bioactive ceramics prepared from an aqueous paste containing hydroxyapatite(HA)and beta tri-calcium phosphate(β-TCP).Prior to fo...The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and physical properties of bioactive ceramics prepared from an aqueous paste containing hydroxyapatite(HA)and beta tri-calcium phosphate(β-TCP).Prior to formulating the paste,HA andβ-TCP were calcined at 800℃and 975℃(11 h),milled,and blended into 15%/85%HA/β-TCP volume-mixed paste.Fabricated cylindrical rods were subsequently sintered to 900℃,1100℃or 1250℃.The sintered specimens were characterized by helium pycnometry,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR),and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)spectroscopy for evaluation of porosity,crystalline phase,functional-groups,and Ca:P ratio,respectively.Mechanical properties were assessed via 3-point bending and diametral compression.Qualitative microstructural evaluation using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed larger pores and a broader pore size distribution(PSD)for materials sintered at 900℃and 1100℃,whereas the 1250℃samples showed more uniform PSD.Porosity quantification showed significantly higher porosity for materials sintered to 900℃and 1250℃(p<0.05).XRD indicated substantial deviations from the 15%/85%HA/β-TCP formulation following sintering where lower amounts of HA were observed when sintering temperature was increased.Mechanical testing demonstrated significant differences between calcination temperatures and different sintering regimes(p<0.05).Variation in chemical composition and mechanical properties of bioactive ceramics were direct consequences of calcination and sintering.展开更多
The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is an important half-reaction for various energy devices,such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.The sluggish kinetics of the four-electron ORR needs the development of electrocata...The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is an important half-reaction for various energy devices,such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.The sluggish kinetics of the four-electron ORR needs the development of electrocatalysts with high efficiency and activity to replace precious metal platinum.Alternatively,metal±nitrogen±carbon catalysts,particularly Fe±N±C,are considered the most promising candidates because their rich active sites can reduce the energy barrier of oxygenic intermediates.In this review,the recent research breakthroughs of Fe±N±C catalysts in theoretical and experimental studies are summarized in detail.First,the mechanistic understanding of the electrocatalytic ORR based on Fe±N±C catalysts is outlined.Then,the design strategies of Fe±N±C catalysts and classifications of active sites are expounded,after which the connection between the active site and catalytic performance is discussed.Subsequently,the application status of Fe±N±C catalysts in polymer membrane fuel cells and zinc-air batteries is described.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of Fe±N±C catalysts regarding controllable synthesis,mechanism,and applications in energy devices are further proposed.展开更多
Objective Currently, powdered Chinese herbal medicines （CHMs） were mainly evaluated through physical property, chemical dissolution, and bioactivity independently. It could not reflect the quality comprehensively. T...Objective Currently, powdered Chinese herbal medicines （CHMs） were mainly evaluated through physical property, chemical dissolution, and bioactivity independently. It could not reflect the quality comprehensively. This paper was to explore and establish a comprehensive evaluation method for powdered CHMs. Methods Isatidis Radixwas chosen as an exemple. Firstly, powdered Isatidis Radixin different particle size was prepared. Then, their physical properties were characterized. The dissolution of index component epigoitrin was determined, and their antiviral activities were evaluated by neuraminidase-based bioassay. Results As the particle size decreased, powder distribution tended to be uniform, and the dissolution of epigoitrin increased, antiviral activity enhanced. According to cluster analysis of above results, the sequence of evaluation consequence was ultrafine powder S2 （D90：32.80± 0.29） 〉 ultrafine powder S1 （D90：52.08 ± 0.53） 〉 fine powder SO （D90：118.16± 0.76） （from the superior to the inferior）. Conclusion Overall, the comprehensive evaluation for powdered CHMs based on the physical characterization, chemical dissolution, and bioassay could not only be used to evaluate powdered herbs, but also guide the screening and optimization of the particle size of powder.展开更多
Research into the fundamental properties of microcapsules and use of the results to develop a wide variety of products in industries such as printing, fast-moving consumer goods, construction, pharmaceuticals, and agr...Research into the fundamental properties of microcapsules and use of the results to develop a wide variety of products in industries such as printing, fast-moving consumer goods, construction, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals is a dynamic and ever-progressing field of study. For microcapsules to be effective in providing protection from harsh environments or delivering large payloads, it is essential to have a good understanding of their properties to enable quality control during formulation, storage, and applications. This review aims to outline the commonly used techniques for determining the physicochemical, struc- tural, and mechanical properties of microcapsules, and highlights the interlinked nature of these three areas with respect to the end-use industrial application. This review provides information on techniques that are well supported in the literature, and also examines microcapsule analytical techniques that will become more prevalent as a result of new technological developments or extensions from other areas of study.展开更多
文摘In the present study,three varieties of kidney beans(Red Rajma(RR),Rajma Chitra(RC),and Rajma Sharmili(RS))were physically characterized and the effect of pre-gelatinization by microwave and hot water on functional and pasting properties of flour were studied.A significant difference was observed in the physical properties of all the kidney beans,indicating that they can be easily characterized and identified based on physical properties.Pre-gelatinization treatment led to variation in color,functional and pasting properties of flours.Color parameters L^(*),b^(*),chroma,and hue values reduced with the treatment,whereas a^(*) and total color difference(△E)values increased.Water absorption capacity(WAC)and oil absorption capacity(OAC)varied in the range of 1.15-1.91%and 1.25-1.75%for microwave and hot water treatment,respectively.The highest value of WAC and OAC was observed for microwave-treated RC and hot water-treated RR,respectively.WAC increases with both treatments,whereas OAC increases only with water bath cooking.Functional group analysis(FTIR)showed no major peaks shifting in water bath treatment,whereas a slight deflation of certain peaks was observed in the case of microwave treatment.Pasting curves showed a significant reduction in peak and final viscosity after pre-gelatinization treatment;however,none of the samples showed any breakdown during cooking.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2015CB921303,2011CBA00100 and 2012CB821404the Strategic Priority Research Program(B) of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos XDB07020100and XDB07020200the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11174350
文摘We report on the single crystal growth and superconducting properties of PbTaSe2 with the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure. By using the chemicM vapor transport technique, centimeter-size single crystals are success- fully obtained. The measurement of temperature dependence of electricaJ resistivity p（T） in both normal and superconducting states indicates a quasi-two-dimensional electronic state in contrast to that of polycrystalline samples. Specific heat C（T） measurement reveals a bulk superconductivity with Tc ≈ 3.75K and a specific heat jump ratio of 1.42. All these results are in agreement with a moderately electron-phonon coupled, type-g Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductor.
基金supported by the Zhuhai Science and Technology Program in the field of Social Development program of China under Grant ZH22036201210039PWC.
文摘Since lithium-ion batteries have been put into use,the recession of work cycle efficiency at low temperatures has received widespread attention.In this paper,we investigated the effect of low temperature(−5℃,0℃,5℃)environments on the performance of lithium-ion batteries,which are well-known for their excellent discharge performance,cycle life,and safety.However,lithium-ion batteries exhibit significant capacity degradation at low temperatures,especially at 0℃,losing availability after only 10 cycles.Therefore,we conducted cycle degradation tests at 1C discharge and 100% charge-discharge conditions.In this paper,we analyzed the surface morphology,structure,and elemental composition of the positive and negative electrodes before and after the aging process by disassembling theminto half-cells and using three physical characterization techniques:scanning electronmicroscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Our study identifies the temperature range for accelerated aging,which provides guidance for the optimal use of lithium-ion batteries in low temperature environments,thus contributing to the rational utilization and enhanced the performance of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures.
基金supported by the PhD Excellence Fund of Information Engineering University(S201307)
文摘Due to the deficiency of sliding Lagrange polynomial interpolation, the author proposes a new interpolation method, which considers the physical character of satellite movement in coordinate transformation and reasonable selection of interpolation function. Precision of the two methods is compared by a numerical example. The result shows that the new method is superior to the sliding Lagrange polynomial interpolation in interpolation and extrapolation, especially in extrapolation that is over short time spans.
文摘In this work we determine the physical and mechanical properties of local composites reinforced with papaya trunk fibers (FTP) on one hand and particles of the hulls of the kernels of the garlic (PCNFA) in the other hand. The samples are produced according to BSI 2782 standards;by combining fibers and untreated to polyester matrix following the contact molding method. We notice that the long fibers of papaya trunks improve the tensile/compression characteristics of composites by 45.44% compared to pure polyester;while the short fibers improve the flexural strength of composites by 62.30% compared to pure polyester. Furthermore, adding fibers decreases the density of the final composite material and the rate of water absorption increases with the size of the fibers. As regards composite materials with particle reinforcement from the cores of the winged fruits, the particle size (fine ≤ 800 μm and large ≤ 1.6 mm) has no influence on the Young’s modulus and on the rate of water absorption. On the other hand, fine particles improve the flexural strength of composite materials by 53.08% compared to pure polyester;fine particles increase the density by 19% compared to the density of pure polyester.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82003953,82360777)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Grant No.20232ACB216015)+2 种基金2020–2022 Young Talents Support Project of Chinese Society of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2020-QNRC2-07)Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program(Grant No.CXTD-22004)the Doctoral Research start-up Fund Project of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine(Grant No.2021BSZR015 and 2022BSZR003)。
文摘Solid formulations represent the most widely used dosage forms,and their structural attributes significantly impact the efficacy of drugs.Consequently,delving into the study of solid formulation structures is of paramount importance.This paper employs bibliometrics to summarize references on solid formulations and physical structure over the past 5 years,providing a visual representation through CiteSpace.Additionally,we explore influential factors affecting the structure of solid formulations at three distinct levels:raw material,intermediate,and final product.It delves into the discussion of various characterization techniques employed to analyze the physical structure of solid formulations.The techniques include scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-nuclear magnetic resonance,thermal analysis,and terahertz.Emphasis is placed on the significance of investigating formulation structures,serving as a found ational step for future research and development in this field.This comprehensive approach aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of solid formulations for enhanced drug effectiveness.
文摘This paper presents the effect of open dumping of municipal solid waste(MSW) on soil characteristics in the mountainous region of Himachal Pradesh, India. The solid waste of dumpsite contains various complex characteristics with organic fractions of the highest proportions. As leachate percolates into the soil, it migrates contaminants into the soil and affects soil stability and strength. The study includes the geotechnical investigation of dump soil characteristics and its comparison with the natural soil samples taken from outside the proximity of dumpsites. The geochemical analysis of dumpsite soil samples was also carried out by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).Visual inspection revealed that the MSW consists of high fraction of organics, followed by paper. The soil samples were collected from five trial pits in the dumpsites at depths of 0.5 m, 1 m and 1.5 m. Then the collected soil samples were subjected to specific gravity test, grain size analysis, Atterberg’s limit test,compaction test, direct shear test, California bearing ratio(CBR) test and permeability analysis. The study indicated that the dumpsite soils from four study regions show decreasing trends in the values of maximum dry density(MDD), specific gravity, cohesion and CBR, and increasing permeability as compared to the natural soil. The results show that the geotechnical properties of the soils at all four study locations have been severely hampered due to contamination induced by open dumping of waste.
文摘Being as an example of Fuxin, gangue abandoned place was classified gangue hill and dump. It was built 68 piece of temporary standard fields, which physical and chemical character of soil were researched and analyzed. The quality of district site was estimated, and five type abandoned place were gotten. Stopping draining cash less than 7 a and draining cash gangue hill was regarded as I gangue hill. Stopping draining gangue age limit 7-15 a and herbage abundance being COlp level was regarded as II gangue hill. Stopping draining gangue age limit 15-25 a and herbage abundance CO2p level was regarded as III gangue hill. Stopping draining cash gangue age limit over 25 a and herbage abundance CO3p level was regarded as IV gangue hill. Dump being formed the underground layer dug up and stacked in the course of mining was regarded asVgangue hill. The results show that every typical abandoned place can plant vegetable.
文摘The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and physical properties of bioactive ceramics prepared from an aqueous paste containing hydroxyapatite(HA)and beta tri-calcium phosphate(β-TCP).Prior to formulating the paste,HA andβ-TCP were calcined at 800℃and 975℃(11 h),milled,and blended into 15%/85%HA/β-TCP volume-mixed paste.Fabricated cylindrical rods were subsequently sintered to 900℃,1100℃or 1250℃.The sintered specimens were characterized by helium pycnometry,X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform-infrared(FT-IR),and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)spectroscopy for evaluation of porosity,crystalline phase,functional-groups,and Ca:P ratio,respectively.Mechanical properties were assessed via 3-point bending and diametral compression.Qualitative microstructural evaluation using scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed larger pores and a broader pore size distribution(PSD)for materials sintered at 900℃and 1100℃,whereas the 1250℃samples showed more uniform PSD.Porosity quantification showed significantly higher porosity for materials sintered to 900℃and 1250℃(p<0.05).XRD indicated substantial deviations from the 15%/85%HA/β-TCP formulation following sintering where lower amounts of HA were observed when sintering temperature was increased.Mechanical testing demonstrated significant differences between calcination temperatures and different sintering regimes(p<0.05).Variation in chemical composition and mechanical properties of bioactive ceramics were direct consequences of calcination and sintering.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFE0201704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22179034)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2019B007)。
文摘The oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)is an important half-reaction for various energy devices,such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries.The sluggish kinetics of the four-electron ORR needs the development of electrocatalysts with high efficiency and activity to replace precious metal platinum.Alternatively,metal±nitrogen±carbon catalysts,particularly Fe±N±C,are considered the most promising candidates because their rich active sites can reduce the energy barrier of oxygenic intermediates.In this review,the recent research breakthroughs of Fe±N±C catalysts in theoretical and experimental studies are summarized in detail.First,the mechanistic understanding of the electrocatalytic ORR based on Fe±N±C catalysts is outlined.Then,the design strategies of Fe±N±C catalysts and classifications of active sites are expounded,after which the connection between the active site and catalytic performance is discussed.Subsequently,the application status of Fe±N±C catalysts in polymer membrane fuel cells and zinc-air batteries is described.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of Fe±N±C catalysts regarding controllable synthesis,mechanism,and applications in energy devices are further proposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473316)
文摘Objective Currently, powdered Chinese herbal medicines （CHMs） were mainly evaluated through physical property, chemical dissolution, and bioactivity independently. It could not reflect the quality comprehensively. This paper was to explore and establish a comprehensive evaluation method for powdered CHMs. Methods Isatidis Radixwas chosen as an exemple. Firstly, powdered Isatidis Radixin different particle size was prepared. Then, their physical properties were characterized. The dissolution of index component epigoitrin was determined, and their antiviral activities were evaluated by neuraminidase-based bioassay. Results As the particle size decreased, powder distribution tended to be uniform, and the dissolution of epigoitrin increased, antiviral activity enhanced. According to cluster analysis of above results, the sequence of evaluation consequence was ultrafine powder S2 （D90：32.80± 0.29） 〉 ultrafine powder S1 （D90：52.08 ± 0.53） 〉 fine powder SO （D90：118.16± 0.76） （from the superior to the inferior）. Conclusion Overall, the comprehensive evaluation for powdered CHMs based on the physical characterization, chemical dissolution, and bioassay could not only be used to evaluate powdered herbs, but also guide the screening and optimization of the particle size of powder.
文摘Research into the fundamental properties of microcapsules and use of the results to develop a wide variety of products in industries such as printing, fast-moving consumer goods, construction, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals is a dynamic and ever-progressing field of study. For microcapsules to be effective in providing protection from harsh environments or delivering large payloads, it is essential to have a good understanding of their properties to enable quality control during formulation, storage, and applications. This review aims to outline the commonly used techniques for determining the physicochemical, struc- tural, and mechanical properties of microcapsules, and highlights the interlinked nature of these three areas with respect to the end-use industrial application. This review provides information on techniques that are well supported in the literature, and also examines microcapsule analytical techniques that will become more prevalent as a result of new technological developments or extensions from other areas of study.
