Objective To investigate the relationship among serum vitamin D levels, physical performance impairment, and geriatric syndromes in elders with hypertension. Methods According to the concentration of vitamin D levels,...Objective To investigate the relationship among serum vitamin D levels, physical performance impairment, and geriatric syndromes in elders with hypertension. Methods According to the concentration of vitamin D levels, a total of 143 elderly patients with hypertension were classified into vitamin D deficient group （vitamin D 〈 20 ng/mL, n = 94） and vitamin D appropriate group （vitamin D 〉 20 ng/rnL, n = 49）. Geriatric syndromes and physical performance were assessed by using comprehensive geriatric assessment （CGA）. Correlation among vitamin D levels, geriatric syndromes and physical performance was analyzed. Results No statistical differences were found in various aspects of geriatric syndromes between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. While correlation analysis indicated that vitamin D levels had a positive association with ADL score （r = 0.235, P 〈 0.01） and a negative association with Morse fall scale score （r = 0.238, P 〈 0.01）. Patients with deficient vitamin D level had longer time both in the Five Time Sit to Stand Test （5tSTS）, （15.765 ± 5.593） and the four-meter walk test [7.440 （5.620, 9.200）], a weaker hand-grip in the grip strength test （28.049 ± 9.522）, and a lower Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment （Tinetti POMA） [26 （22, 27）] and Balance subscale of the Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment （B-POMA） score [ 14 （12, 16）], compared with appropriate vitamin D level [（13.275 ± 3.692）; 5.810 （4.728, 7.325）]; （31.989 ± 10.217）; [26.5 （25, 28）]; [15 （14, 16）, respectively, all P 〈 0.05]. Furthermore, results of logistic regression indicated that vitamin D was significantly associated with 5tSTS （OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.050-1.331, P 〈 0.01）, Tinetti POMA （OR = 3.7, 95% CI：1.284-10.830, P 〈 0.05） and B-POMA （OR = 0.8, 95% CI：0.643-0.973, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions In elderly hypertensive patients, serum vitamin D deficient level is associated with physical performance impairment. However, no statistical significance was found between vitamin D and geriatric syndromes. Further study is required to investigate possible mechanisms for the association between vitamin D and physical performance.展开更多
In men, testosterone （T） deficiency is associated with decreased physical performance, as defined by adverse traits in body composition, namely increased body fat content and reduced muscle mass. Physical abilities ...In men, testosterone （T） deficiency is associated with decreased physical performance, as defined by adverse traits in body composition, namely increased body fat content and reduced muscle mass. Physical abilities in androgen-deficient men are further attenuated by lower oxygen supply due to decreased hemoglobin concentrations and by poor glucose utilization. Dysthymia and a lack of necessary aggressiveness also contribute to deteriorate physical effectiveness. Substitution of T can improve lipid and insulin metabolism as well as growth of muscle fibers and decreasing fat depots, which consequently will result in changes of body composition. Increment of bone density will further contribute to increase physical fitness. The effects of T replacement therapy （TRT） are strongly influenced by age, training, and also pharmacogenetics： the CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor （AR） gene modulates androgen effects. In vitro, transcription of androgen-dependent target genes is attenuated with increasing length of triplet residues, Clinically, the CAG repeat polymorphism causes significant modulations of androgenicity in healthy eugonadal men as well as efficacy of TRT. Thresholds at which T treatment should be initiated, as well as androgen dosage, could be tailored according to this polymorphism.展开更多
Background:Patients undergoing hemodialysis suffer from deteriorating physical health,impaired physical function,and have a low quality of life,that explained by insufficient metabolic clearance.To overcome these obst...Background:Patients undergoing hemodialysis suffer from deteriorating physical health,impaired physical function,and have a low quality of life,that explained by insufficient metabolic clearance.To overcome these obstacles,cost-effective strategies must be developed,including exercise as a complement to hemodialysis therapy.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of exercise therapy on functional balance,physical performance,and quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis:a randomized controlled trial.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study was carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and had a medically stable condition who were randomly divided into training(n=32)exercise therapy and(n=31)control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Results:6 Minute-Walk Test(6MWT)(0.013),and in the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly(PASE)(0.014),and Short Survey Form 36(SF-36)questionnaires and health-related quality of life(HRQOL)(0.001)had significant improvements in the training group in comparison to the control group from pre to post-test,also physical performance(0.001)was improving as compared with control group(0.89)at(P=0.05).Conclusion:Resistance exercise therapy interventions for eight weeks effectively improve the physical function and performance,activity levels,and health-related quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease and undergoing regular hemodialysis compared with a control group.展开更多
This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 10-year-old male and female pupils attending primary schools. Fourth grade pupils attending primary schools in Banska Bystrica were tested in t...This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 10-year-old male and female pupils attending primary schools. Fourth grade pupils attending primary schools in Banska Bystrica were tested in the number of 433 pupils （220 boys and 213 girls）. The following indicators of general physical performance were monitored： sit-and-reach, standing long jump, sit-ups, flexed arm hang, shuttle run 4 ×10 m, endurance shuttle run. Also basic somatic indicators such as body height, body weight and BM! were found out. 10-year-old boys achieve better level in five tests of general physical performance. The girls achieve statistically better level in one test. When comparing it with the previous researches in Slovakia, we noted a lower level of general physical performance but a higher level of indicators of physical development of boys and girls from Banska Bystrica. Used set of tests affects the whole range of general physical performance, and it is adequate to the temporal, spatial and material conditions of schools.展开更多
Background:Hemodialysis is the major treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease.With the increase in the number of maintenance hemodialysis patients,debilitating conditions of muscle willing and atrophy...Background:Hemodialysis is the major treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease.With the increase in the number of maintenance hemodialysis patients,debilitating conditions of muscle willing and atrophy and numerous health problems associated with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis have become the most significant concerns.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study design will be conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq and carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and who had a medically stable condition,which will be randomly divided into training group;exercise therapy and control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests will be used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Discussion:Important features of this study include the randomization procedures,double-blind,large sample size,and a standardized protocol for resistance exercise training on the physical performance of hemodialysis patients.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of resistance exercise for the patient with chronic kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis.Therefore,our results will be useful for patients with chronic kidney diseases,medical staff,and healthcare decision-makers.展开更多
Purpose Special tactical units differ from other police departments,for having more physically demanding tasks and occupa-tions.Therefore,the aim was to analyze:(i)the differences in anthropometrics,body composition,a...Purpose Special tactical units differ from other police departments,for having more physically demanding tasks and occupa-tions.Therefore,the aim was to analyze:(i)the differences in anthropometrics,body composition,and physical performance variables between those officers with the highest and lowest lean mass(LM)and fat mass(FM);and(ii)the associations between body composition(i.e.,FM and LM)and some selected performance variables.Methods Thirty-six special operations officers(n=36,age:35.97±5.50 years)volunteered to participate in this study.Participants were assessed for anthropometrics and body composition through skin-fold measures.Additionally,fitness was evaluated using appropriate physical tests(i.e.30-m sprints,vertical jump,strength and endurance).Afterwards,participants were divided according to their level of LM and FM into:high(LMhigh and FMhigh)and low(LMlow and FMlow).Results Regarding strength and jump performance,LMhigh and FMlow obtained better estimated values in Squat(1 repeti-tion maximum[SQ1RM]),and jump height(P<0.05;ES=0.62-1.29),although non-significant but small differences were observed for relative strength(P=0.107;ES=0.54).In terms of sprint and endurance,the results indicated that LMhigh and FMlow obtained significantly better performances across all measures(P<0.05;ES>0.89),except for endurance between FMhigh and FMlow(ES=0.25-0.65).In addition,FM and LM were significantly associated with physical performance(P<0.05;r>0.383)in most of the variables of this study.Conclusion Higher LM and lower FM are determinant factors of physical performance in this population.Moreover,FM and LM seemed to be detrimental for physical performance as shown by the moderate to large correlations observed.展开更多
Background and Objectives:This study aimed to find the optimal intervention available to both control blood glucose and improve physical function in the geriatric population with T2DM.Methods and Study Design:A system...Background and Objectives:This study aimed to find the optimal intervention available to both control blood glucose and improve physical function in the geriatric population with T2DM.Methods and Study Design:A systemic review and network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of different interventions on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbAc1),fasting blood glucose(FBG),muscle mass,grip strength,gait speed,lower body muscle strength,and dynamic balance.A total of eight databases were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that the elderly aged more than 60 years or with mean age≥55 years,the minimal duration of the RCT intervention was 6 weeks,and those lacking data about glycemic level and at least one indicator of physical performance were excluded.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias of each study included.Bayesian NMA was performed as the main results,the Bayesian meta regression and the frequentist NMA as sensitivity analysis.Results:Of the 2266 literature retrieved,27 RCTs with a total of 2289 older adults were included.Health management provided by health workers exerts beneficial effects that is superior to other interventions at achieving glycemic control,but less marked improvement in physical performance.Exercise combined with cognitive training showed more pronounced improvement in muscle strength,gait speed,and dynamic balance,but ranked behind in decreasing the HbAc1 and FBG.Conclusions:Personalized health management combined with physical and cognitive training might be the optimal intervention to both accomplish glycemic control and improvement of physical performance.Further RCTs are needed to validate and assess the confidence of our results from this NMA.展开更多
The aims of this study were(a)to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players;(b)to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unil...The aims of this study were(a)to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players;(b)to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unilateral inter-limb asymmetry.Twenty-four soccer players,randomly assigned to a 6-week unilateral strength and power training(UNI)(n=12)or a control group(CON)(n=12),performed single countermovement jump(SLCMJ),single leg broad jump(SLBJ),single leg drop jump(SLDJ),10-m sprint,and 505 change of direction(COD)speed test.Raw jump scores revealed small to large improve-ments in SLCMJ,SLBJ,and SLDJ reactive strength index(RSI)(g=0.46 to 1.66)in the UNI group,whereas negligible changes were found in the CON group(g=−0.31 to 0.33).Asymmetry indexes showed a moderate significant reduction in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ stiffness(K)(g=1.00 to 1.11)in the UNI group.The between-group comparison indicated a significant change in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ(K)(g=1.01 to 1.07)in favour of the UNI group.Thus,a unilateral training program seems to be able to reduce between-limb imbalances and foster improvements in jump performance,without any detrimental effects on linear or COD speed times.Given the importance of these physical characteristics for soccer,it is suggested that unilateral strength and power training are incorporated into strength training routines for players of all levels.展开更多
The effects of acid-soluble Al content on the physical and chemical performances of high Al steels were investigated. The results show that the distribution of acid-soluble Al in steel substrate is uniform. With incre...The effects of acid-soluble Al content on the physical and chemical performances of high Al steels were investigated. The results show that the distribution of acid-soluble Al in steel substrate is uniform. With increasing Al content, the strength and toughness of steels decrease a little but the hardness increases. The average yield strength and tensile strength are 425MPa and 570MPa, respectively, and the Rockwell hardness is 89.7. For non-Al steels the average oxidation rate is up to 0.421mg/(cm2·h) at 1373K. For high Al steels, when the mass fraction of Al is less than 5%, there is a thinner gray oxidized layer on surface and the oxidation rate is high; when the mass fraction of Al is more than 8.0%, the thin, close and yellow glossing film still exists, and the average oxidation rate is only 0.016mg/(cm2·h).展开更多
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated he...OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.展开更多
This study focuses on the evaluation of the differences of physical fitness among soccer players, handball players, and basketball players, and the investigation of the physical fitness structures of those players. Th...This study focuses on the evaluation of the differences of physical fitness among soccer players, handball players, and basketball players, and the investigation of the physical fitness structures of those players. The participants consisted of 160 elite players selected from university teams. Fourteen tests related to health and motor fitness were conducted. The results were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to test the mean vector differences among the three groups of different sport. Nine out of the fourteen tests were of significantly discriminating results regarding to different group, which include side step, abdominal strength, shuttle running, 100m running, pull-up, 1,500m running, trunk flexion, grip strength and broad jump, as determined by a stepwise regression approach. MANOVA showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.001) of the mean vectors of the 9 tests among the three events. Discriminant function analysis showed that three discriminant functions were significant, whose correctness was testified by the classification analysis to be over 80.2%. It is demonstrated that elite handball players are good at agility, elite soccer players are speedy, and successful basketball players apparently possess preeminent muscular strength and endurance.展开更多
Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well ...Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as well-being and motivation, in young untrained women.Methods: Twenty-eight untrained 20- to 30-year-old women were randomized to a handball training group(HG; n = 14, height 170 ± 5 cm, weight 73 ± 11 kg, VO_(2peak) 37.7 ± 4.1 mL/min/kg) that trained 1.7 ± 0.3 times per week over 12 weeks(70 min 4 v 4 handball sessions) or an inactive control group(CG; n = 14, 169 ± 5 cm, 71 ± 12 kg, 38.1 ± 3.7 mL/min/kg). Physiological and psychological and motivational training adaptations were assessed pre-and post-intervention by dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) scans, blood sampling, physical tests, and questionnaires.Results: The average heart rate(HR) over all training sessions was equal to 85% ± 6% HR_(max). Between-group intervention effects were observed in favor of HG for muscle mass(2.1%, p = 0.024), proximal femur bone mineral density(0.8%, p = 0.041), Yo-Yo IE1 intermittent endurance test level 1(IE1) performance(35%, p < 0.001), and incremental treadmill test performance(11.5%, p = 0.003), but not total fat mass(p = 0.176),mean arterial blood pressure(p = 0.328), resting HR(p = 0.219), or blood lipids(p = 0.298—0.854). In CG, no changes were observed in any of the measured physiological variables after the training period. Compared to CG, HG had an increase in intrinsic motivation(p < 0.001) and in the well-being subscale "energy"(p = 0.010).Conclusion: Participation in regular recreational team handball training organized as small-sided games has marked beneficial effects on physical performance, musculoskeletal fitness, well-being, and motivation in untrained young women.展开更多
Background In a three-month report from the CGA-TAVI registry,we found the Multidimensional Prognostic Index(MPI)and Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)to be of value for predicting short-term outcomes in elderly...Background In a three-month report from the CGA-TAVI registry,we found the Multidimensional Prognostic Index(MPI)and Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)to be of value for predicting short-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI).In the present analysis,we examined the association of these tools with outcomes up to one year post-TAVI.Methods CGA-TAVI is an international,observational registry of geriatric patients undergoing TAVI.Patients were assessed using the MPI and SPPB.Efficacy of baseline values and any postoperative change for predicting outcome were established using logistic regression.Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out for each comprehensive geriatric assessment tool,with survival stratified by risk category.Results One year after TAVI,14.1%of patients deceased,while 17.4%met the combined endpoint of death and/or non-fatal stroke,and 37.7%the combined endpoint of death and/or hospitalisation and/or non-fatal stroke.A high-risk MPI score was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality(aOR=36.13,95%CI:2.77–470.78,P=0.006)and death and/or non-fatal stroke(aOR=10.10,95%CI:1.48–68.75,P=0.018).No significant associations were found between a high-risk SPPB score and mortality or two main combined endpoints.In contrast to a worsening SPPB,an aggravating MPI score at three months post-TAVI was associated with an increased risk of death and/or non-fatal stoke at one year(aOR=95.16,95%CI:3.41–2657.01).Conclusions The MPI showed value for predicting the likelihood of death and a combination of death and/or non-fatal stroke by one year after TAVI in elderly patients.展开更多
The cutting of offshore jack-up platform leg rack is highly nonlinear and complex thermal processing process. The residual stress influences the following welding quality and cause crack growth. Therefore, research on...The cutting of offshore jack-up platform leg rack is highly nonlinear and complex thermal processing process. The residual stress influences the following welding quality and cause crack growth. Therefore, research on the cutting practice of jack-up platform leg rack is significant to improve the safety and reliability of the offshore platform. A heating source model that is applicable to the cutting and emulation of high-strength thick plates han been presented. Then, the thermo-physical characteristic parameters of NV E690 leg plate was calculated by JMATPRO, and is revised according to the theory of metallographic. Furthermore, the numerical simulation of the linear cutting of leg plate was conducted, and the reliability of the heating source model and the thermo-physical characteristic parameters of material were proved by comparing them with the experimental data. Bused on the former study, the optimal parameter （ heating source, cutting speed and radius of the heating source model） which ensured that the gear plate was cut through without edge collapses during cutting was calculated. The optimized process parameters can be used to study the distribution of residual stress in gear plate during cutting which provides theoretical guideline for improving the construction technology of offshore platform legs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a clinical condition associated with several liver diseases and it includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in its broad spectrum as steatosis,steatohepatitis and fibrosis.However,the ...BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a clinical condition associated with several liver diseases and it includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in its broad spectrum as steatosis,steatohepatitis and fibrosis.However,the criteria to define sarcopenia are diverse,and even those established in consensus have been discussed regarding their performance in making an accurate diagnosis.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia,using different methods,in patients with NAFLD,and its association with clinical-anthropometric parameters.METHODS This was an observational study of outpatients with NAFLD.Sarcopenia was defined by the European Working Group Consensus on Sarcopenia in Older People of 2010(EWGSOP1)and 2018(EWGSOP2).The skeletal muscle index was used to estimate muscle mass,handgrip strength was assessed using the dynamometer and physical performance by walking a distance of four meters at usual walking speed.The non-invasive fibrosis scores,fibrosis-4(FIB-4)index and Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI),were used to assess the absence and presence of fibrosis.RESULTS Fifty-seven individuals with NAFLD were evaluated,the mean age(SD)was 52.7(11.3)years and 75.4%were female.Fibrosis assessed by FIB-4 and APRI was observed in 3.7%and 16.6%of patients with NAFLD,respectively.The diagnosis of sarcopenia was identified only by EWGSOP1 in 3.5%of NAFLD patients,and the prevalence of probable/pre-sarcopenia was higher using the EWGSOP2 consensus at 26.3%,when compared to 1.8%with EWGSOP1.Sarcopenia defined by EWGSOP1,was associated with grade I steatosis,but without overweight(P<0.05).An association between sarcopenia and fibrosis was not observed(P>0.05).EWGSOP2 showed a greater number of patients with probable sarcopenia,and who were overweight(12(80.0%)),with a higher degree of steatosis[11(73.3%)and presence of fibrosis(1(6.7%),FIB-4 and 3(20.0%),APRI]compared to EWGSOP1[1(100%),0(0.0%),0(0.0%),FIB-4 and 0(0.0%),APRI,respectively].CONCLUSION The present study showed that sarcopenia in NAFLD was not predominant in patients without fibrosis,by both diagnostic methods.In addition,the prevalence of probable sarcopenia also depends on the method applied.展开更多
The spacecraequipment layout optimization design(SELOD)problems with complicated performance con-straints and diversity are studied in this paper.The previous literature uses the gradient-based algorithm to obtain op...The spacecraequipment layout optimization design(SELOD)problems with complicated performance con-straints and diversity are studied in this paper.The previous literature uses the gradient-based algorithm to obtain optimized non-overlap layout schemes from randomly initialized cases eectively.However,these local optimal solutions are too dicult to jump out of their current relative geometry relationships,signicantly limiting their further improvement in performance indicators.Therefore,considering the geometric diversity of layout schemes is put forward to alleviate this limitation.First,similarity measures,including modied cosine similarity and gaussian kernel function similarity,are introduced into the layout optimization process.Then the optimization produces a set of feasible layout candidates with the most remarkable dierence in geometric distribution and the most representative schemes are sampled.Finally,these feasible geometric solutions are used as initial solutions to optimize the physical performance indicators of the spacecra,and diversied layout schemes of spacecraequipment are generated for the engineering practice.The validity and eectiveness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by two SELOD applications.展开更多
In this study, raw silica was replaced by the silica pre-calcined at two different temperatures： 1100 ℃ and 1 300℃ to prepare self-flow silica castables. The properties of the synthesized castables adopting differe...In this study, raw silica was replaced by the silica pre-calcined at two different temperatures： 1100 ℃ and 1 300℃ to prepare self-flow silica castables. The properties of the synthesized castables adopting different kinds of silica were compared. The results show that： （1） the silica become loose after pre-calcination at 1 100 ℃ for 5h or at 1300 ℃ for 5 h; metastable cristobalite and glass phase are Jbund in the silica pre-calcined at 1 300 ℃ .for 5 h, which have a promoting effect on sintering ; （ 2 ） with the increase of the pre-calcining temperature as well as the replacement of pre-calcined silica, the linear change rate decreases, the apparent porosity and bulk den.sity change mildly, and flexural strength and com- pressive strength are enhanced;for the refractoriness under load, the increasing pre-calcining temperature has promotion effect but the replacing amount has very mild influence.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the prognostic relevance of sarcopenia has been increasingly recognised in the context of liver disease,there is a paucity of data evaluating body composition in patients with chronic hepatitis B(C...BACKGROUND Although the prognostic relevance of sarcopenia has been increasingly recognised in the context of liver disease,there is a paucity of data evaluating body composition in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Beyond virus-related factors,nutritional and metabolic aspects can be associated with skeletal muscle abnormalities in these patients and should not be disregarded.AIM To evaluate the association between components of sarcopenia and demographic,clinical,lifestyle,nutritional,and biochemical variables in CHB patients.METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)was used to assess muscle mass by quantifying appendicular lean mass(ALM)adjusted for body mass index(ALMBMI).Muscle function was evaluated by hand grip strength(HGS)and the timed up and go test.Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)was defined according to the criteria proposed by an international expert panel.A body shape index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess central obesity and physical activity level,respectively.RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 105 CHB outpatients followed at the tertiary care ambulatory centre(mean age,48.5±12.0 years;58.1%males;76.2%without cirrhosis;23.8%with compensated cirrhosis).The DXA-derived fat mass percentage was inversely correlated with the ALMBMI(r=-0.87)and HGS(r=-0.63).In the multivariable analysis,MAFLD,sedentarism and central obesity were positively and independently associated with low ALMBMI.MAFLD and central obesity were independently associated with low HGS.CONCLUSION MAFLD and central obesity were associated with low muscle mass and strength in patients with chronic hepatitis B,independent of the liver disease stage.展开更多
Gait is a key function of human movement which plays an important role in motion analysis. Both in the clinical field and in rehabilitation, gait analysis is useful to evaluate the parameters that are modified followi...Gait is a key function of human movement which plays an important role in motion analysis. Both in the clinical field and in rehabilitation, gait analysis is useful to evaluate the parameters that are modified following the administration of a protocol of adapted physical activity （APA）. Gait parameters could be measured using traditional rating scales, such as the Short Physical Performance Battery （SPPB） and technologies as a support to provide an assessment of gait quality. The aim of this study is to increase the objectivity of gait data obtained before and after a targeted APA program for a group of elderly people by integrating the traditional SPPB rating scale with the G Walk digital system. The former is an assessment tool to evaluate the functioning of lower extremity, in terms of chair stand, walk, and standing balance; whereas the latter can objectively evaluate the parameters of the gait. The sample was composed of I 1 adults aged between 67 and 94 years. The participants were chosen on the basis of a number of tests carried out to analyze their levels of autonomy, intellectual capacities and motor functioning. It has planned a six months APA protocol： before and after it, SPPB and G-Walk were administered. The results showed that space-time characteristics generally improve after APA intervention; therefore, the use of technology is a useful support for the evaluation scales.展开更多
Purpose This longitudinal study investigated the potential enhancement of one physical and nine performance variables of New Zealand Rugby-Otago Rugby Football Union Academy college-age women student-athletes(NZORFUSA...Purpose This longitudinal study investigated the potential enhancement of one physical and nine performance variables of New Zealand Rugby-Otago Rugby Football Union Academy college-age women student-athletes(NZORFUSA)using in-person-and non-video online-training(online)supervision.Methods Recruited NZORFUSA followed a periodised training protocols over 70-weeks.During weeks 1-35 and weeks 53-70(in-season),the NZORFUSA received 25-h of in-person supervision,participated in 15-h of team practice and game play each week.Over weeks 36-52(off-season),due to the NZORFUSA returning home over the college summer break,NZORFUSA received online supervision.Performance assessments occurred on weeks 1,31,53 and 70.During each testing session,body weight,acceleration,anaerobic endurance,lower-body power,speed,and upper-body strength performance data were collected.Data from weeks 1-70 are presented in this paper;weeks 1-31 and 1-53 data were previously published.Results Over 70-weeks of in-person-,online-,and again in-person supervision,mean data showed a decrease in body weight[effect size,Cohen's d=0.12,trivial;95%confidence interval(CI):29.4-127.7]and showed improvements in per-formance variables(large effect size,d=1.49-4.33),including lower-body power(CI:39.9-47.5),upper-body bench press strength(CI:29.7-132.3)and anaerobic endurance;for the latter performance variable,to complete the 40 m repeat sprints needs less effort(CI:81.3-95.5)with concurrent lower fatigue level being achieved(CI:8.08-9.77).Conclusion Physical and performance enhancement for Academy women student-athletes with in-person,online,and again in-person supervision over 70-weeks is attainable.Future longitudinal research is needed to assist performance enhance-ment for this cohort.展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the relationship among serum vitamin D levels, physical performance impairment, and geriatric syndromes in elders with hypertension. Methods According to the concentration of vitamin D levels, a total of 143 elderly patients with hypertension were classified into vitamin D deficient group （vitamin D 〈 20 ng/mL, n = 94） and vitamin D appropriate group （vitamin D 〉 20 ng/rnL, n = 49）. Geriatric syndromes and physical performance were assessed by using comprehensive geriatric assessment （CGA）. Correlation among vitamin D levels, geriatric syndromes and physical performance was analyzed. Results No statistical differences were found in various aspects of geriatric syndromes between the two groups （P 〉 0.05）. While correlation analysis indicated that vitamin D levels had a positive association with ADL score （r = 0.235, P 〈 0.01） and a negative association with Morse fall scale score （r = 0.238, P 〈 0.01）. Patients with deficient vitamin D level had longer time both in the Five Time Sit to Stand Test （5tSTS）, （15.765 ± 5.593） and the four-meter walk test [7.440 （5.620, 9.200）], a weaker hand-grip in the grip strength test （28.049 ± 9.522）, and a lower Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment （Tinetti POMA） [26 （22, 27）] and Balance subscale of the Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment （B-POMA） score [ 14 （12, 16）], compared with appropriate vitamin D level [（13.275 ± 3.692）; 5.810 （4.728, 7.325）]; （31.989 ± 10.217）; [26.5 （25, 28）]; [15 （14, 16）, respectively, all P 〈 0.05]. Furthermore, results of logistic regression indicated that vitamin D was significantly associated with 5tSTS （OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.050-1.331, P 〈 0.01）, Tinetti POMA （OR = 3.7, 95% CI：1.284-10.830, P 〈 0.05） and B-POMA （OR = 0.8, 95% CI：0.643-0.973, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions In elderly hypertensive patients, serum vitamin D deficient level is associated with physical performance impairment. However, no statistical significance was found between vitamin D and geriatric syndromes. Further study is required to investigate possible mechanisms for the association between vitamin D and physical performance.
文摘In men, testosterone （T） deficiency is associated with decreased physical performance, as defined by adverse traits in body composition, namely increased body fat content and reduced muscle mass. Physical abilities in androgen-deficient men are further attenuated by lower oxygen supply due to decreased hemoglobin concentrations and by poor glucose utilization. Dysthymia and a lack of necessary aggressiveness also contribute to deteriorate physical effectiveness. Substitution of T can improve lipid and insulin metabolism as well as growth of muscle fibers and decreasing fat depots, which consequently will result in changes of body composition. Increment of bone density will further contribute to increase physical fitness. The effects of T replacement therapy （TRT） are strongly influenced by age, training, and also pharmacogenetics： the CAG repeat polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor （AR） gene modulates androgen effects. In vitro, transcription of androgen-dependent target genes is attenuated with increasing length of triplet residues, Clinically, the CAG repeat polymorphism causes significant modulations of androgenicity in healthy eugonadal men as well as efficacy of TRT. Thresholds at which T treatment should be initiated, as well as androgen dosage, could be tailored according to this polymorphism.
文摘Background:Patients undergoing hemodialysis suffer from deteriorating physical health,impaired physical function,and have a low quality of life,that explained by insufficient metabolic clearance.To overcome these obstacles,cost-effective strategies must be developed,including exercise as a complement to hemodialysis therapy.Objective:To determine the effectiveness of exercise therapy on functional balance,physical performance,and quality of life among patients undergoing hemodialysis:a randomized controlled trial.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study was carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and had a medically stable condition who were randomly divided into training(n=32)exercise therapy and(n=31)control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Results:6 Minute-Walk Test(6MWT)(0.013),and in the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly(PASE)(0.014),and Short Survey Form 36(SF-36)questionnaires and health-related quality of life(HRQOL)(0.001)had significant improvements in the training group in comparison to the control group from pre to post-test,also physical performance(0.001)was improving as compared with control group(0.89)at(P=0.05).Conclusion:Resistance exercise therapy interventions for eight weeks effectively improve the physical function and performance,activity levels,and health-related quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease and undergoing regular hemodialysis compared with a control group.
文摘This contribution deals with the level of general physical performance of 10-year-old male and female pupils attending primary schools. Fourth grade pupils attending primary schools in Banska Bystrica were tested in the number of 433 pupils （220 boys and 213 girls）. The following indicators of general physical performance were monitored： sit-and-reach, standing long jump, sit-ups, flexed arm hang, shuttle run 4 ×10 m, endurance shuttle run. Also basic somatic indicators such as body height, body weight and BM! were found out. 10-year-old boys achieve better level in five tests of general physical performance. The girls achieve statistically better level in one test. When comparing it with the previous researches in Slovakia, we noted a lower level of general physical performance but a higher level of indicators of physical development of boys and girls from Banska Bystrica. Used set of tests affects the whole range of general physical performance, and it is adequate to the temporal, spatial and material conditions of schools.
文摘Background:Hemodialysis is the major treatment option for patients with chronic kidney disease.With the increase in the number of maintenance hemodialysis patients,debilitating conditions of muscle willing and atrophy and numerous health problems associated with chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis have become the most significant concerns.Methods:This randomized controlled trial study design will be conducted at Al-Najaf city in the southern region of Iraq and carried out on 68 patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis for at least six months and who had a medically stable condition,which will be randomly divided into training group;exercise therapy and control,groups.The training group participated in 8-week(3 sessions per week)resistance exercise therapy in three sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension,hip flexion,and hip abduction with the use of an elastic band under the supervision of a training physiotherapist and researcher during the first hour of the three routine hemodialysis treatment session per week.But the control group did not experience any intervention.To analyze the data,two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni statistical tests will be used at the significant level of(P=0.05).Discussion:Important features of this study include the randomization procedures,double-blind,large sample size,and a standardized protocol for resistance exercise training on the physical performance of hemodialysis patients.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of resistance exercise for the patient with chronic kidney disease and undergoing hemodialysis.Therefore,our results will be useful for patients with chronic kidney diseases,medical staff,and healthcare decision-makers.
文摘Purpose Special tactical units differ from other police departments,for having more physically demanding tasks and occupa-tions.Therefore,the aim was to analyze:(i)the differences in anthropometrics,body composition,and physical performance variables between those officers with the highest and lowest lean mass(LM)and fat mass(FM);and(ii)the associations between body composition(i.e.,FM and LM)and some selected performance variables.Methods Thirty-six special operations officers(n=36,age:35.97±5.50 years)volunteered to participate in this study.Participants were assessed for anthropometrics and body composition through skin-fold measures.Additionally,fitness was evaluated using appropriate physical tests(i.e.30-m sprints,vertical jump,strength and endurance).Afterwards,participants were divided according to their level of LM and FM into:high(LMhigh and FMhigh)and low(LMlow and FMlow).Results Regarding strength and jump performance,LMhigh and FMlow obtained better estimated values in Squat(1 repeti-tion maximum[SQ1RM]),and jump height(P<0.05;ES=0.62-1.29),although non-significant but small differences were observed for relative strength(P=0.107;ES=0.54).In terms of sprint and endurance,the results indicated that LMhigh and FMlow obtained significantly better performances across all measures(P<0.05;ES>0.89),except for endurance between FMhigh and FMlow(ES=0.25-0.65).In addition,FM and LM were significantly associated with physical performance(P<0.05;r>0.383)in most of the variables of this study.Conclusion Higher LM and lower FM are determinant factors of physical performance in this population.Moreover,FM and LM seemed to be detrimental for physical performance as shown by the moderate to large correlations observed.
文摘Background and Objectives:This study aimed to find the optimal intervention available to both control blood glucose and improve physical function in the geriatric population with T2DM.Methods and Study Design:A systemic review and network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess and rank the comparative efficacy of different interventions on glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbAc1),fasting blood glucose(FBG),muscle mass,grip strength,gait speed,lower body muscle strength,and dynamic balance.A total of eight databases were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials(RCTs)that the elderly aged more than 60 years or with mean age≥55 years,the minimal duration of the RCT intervention was 6 weeks,and those lacking data about glycemic level and at least one indicator of physical performance were excluded.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the bias of each study included.Bayesian NMA was performed as the main results,the Bayesian meta regression and the frequentist NMA as sensitivity analysis.Results:Of the 2266 literature retrieved,27 RCTs with a total of 2289 older adults were included.Health management provided by health workers exerts beneficial effects that is superior to other interventions at achieving glycemic control,but less marked improvement in physical performance.Exercise combined with cognitive training showed more pronounced improvement in muscle strength,gait speed,and dynamic balance,but ranked behind in decreasing the HbAc1 and FBG.Conclusions:Personalized health management combined with physical and cognitive training might be the optimal intervention to both accomplish glycemic control and improvement of physical performance.Further RCTs are needed to validate and assess the confidence of our results from this NMA.
文摘The aims of this study were(a)to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players;(b)to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unilateral inter-limb asymmetry.Twenty-four soccer players,randomly assigned to a 6-week unilateral strength and power training(UNI)(n=12)or a control group(CON)(n=12),performed single countermovement jump(SLCMJ),single leg broad jump(SLBJ),single leg drop jump(SLDJ),10-m sprint,and 505 change of direction(COD)speed test.Raw jump scores revealed small to large improve-ments in SLCMJ,SLBJ,and SLDJ reactive strength index(RSI)(g=0.46 to 1.66)in the UNI group,whereas negligible changes were found in the CON group(g=−0.31 to 0.33).Asymmetry indexes showed a moderate significant reduction in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ stiffness(K)(g=1.00 to 1.11)in the UNI group.The between-group comparison indicated a significant change in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ(K)(g=1.01 to 1.07)in favour of the UNI group.Thus,a unilateral training program seems to be able to reduce between-limb imbalances and foster improvements in jump performance,without any detrimental effects on linear or COD speed times.Given the importance of these physical characteristics for soccer,it is suggested that unilateral strength and power training are incorporated into strength training routines for players of all levels.
文摘The effects of acid-soluble Al content on the physical and chemical performances of high Al steels were investigated. The results show that the distribution of acid-soluble Al in steel substrate is uniform. With increasing Al content, the strength and toughness of steels decrease a little but the hardness increases. The average yield strength and tensile strength are 425MPa and 570MPa, respectively, and the Rockwell hardness is 89.7. For non-Al steels the average oxidation rate is up to 0.421mg/(cm2·h) at 1373K. For high Al steels, when the mass fraction of Al is less than 5%, there is a thinner gray oxidized layer on surface and the oxidation rate is high; when the mass fraction of Al is more than 8.0%, the thin, close and yellow glossing film still exists, and the average oxidation rate is only 0.016mg/(cm2·h).
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Special Project of the Autonomous Region(No.2022B03023-3)the Key Supported Discipline of Health System in Shanghai(No.2023ZDFC0302)。
文摘OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between physical function assessment scales,such as Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)and Berg Balance Scale(BBS),with all-cause mortality in acute decompensated heart failure(ADHF)patients.METHODS A total of 108 ADHF patients were analyzed from October 2020 to October 2022,and followed up to May 2023.The association between baseline clinical characteristics and all-cause mortality was analyzed by univariate Cox regression analysis,while for SPPB and BBS,univariate Cox regression analysis was followed by receiver operating characteristic curves,in which the area under the curve represented their predictive accuracy for all-cause mortality.Incremental predictive values for both physical function assessments were measured by calculating net reclassification index and integrated discrimination improvement scores.Optimal cutoff value for BBS was then identified using restricted cubic spline plots,and survival differences below and above that cut-off were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and the log-rank test.The clinical utility of BBS was measured using decision curve analysis.RESULTS For baseline characteristics,age,female,blood urea nitrogen,as well as statins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,angiotensin II receptor blockers,or angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors,were predictive for all-cause mortality for ADHF patients.With respect to SPPB and BBS,higher scores were associated with lower all-cause mortality rates for both assessments;similar area under the curves were measured for both(0.774 for SPPB and 0.776 for BBS).Furthermore,BBS≤36.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality,which was still applicable even adjusting for confounding factors;BBS was also found to have great clinical utility under decision curve analysis.CONCLUSIONS BBS or SPPB could be used as tools to assess physical function in ageing ADHF patients,as well as prognosticate on all-cause mortality.Moreover,prioritizing the improvement of balance capabilities of ADHF patients in cardiac rehabilitation regimens could aid in lowering mortality risk.
文摘This study focuses on the evaluation of the differences of physical fitness among soccer players, handball players, and basketball players, and the investigation of the physical fitness structures of those players. The participants consisted of 160 elite players selected from university teams. Fourteen tests related to health and motor fitness were conducted. The results were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to test the mean vector differences among the three groups of different sport. Nine out of the fourteen tests were of significantly discriminating results regarding to different group, which include side step, abdominal strength, shuttle running, 100m running, pull-up, 1,500m running, trunk flexion, grip strength and broad jump, as determined by a stepwise regression approach. MANOVA showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.001) of the mean vectors of the 9 tests among the three events. Discriminant function analysis showed that three discriminant functions were significant, whose correctness was testified by the classification analysis to be over 80.2%. It is demonstrated that elite handball players are good at agility, elite soccer players are speedy, and successful basketball players apparently possess preeminent muscular strength and endurance.
基金financial support by TrygFondenNordea-fonden (Nordea-fonden 02-2011-4360)+2 种基金the Danish Handball Federation (Dansk Ha ndbold Forbund, DHF)the European Handball Federation (EHF)funded in part by the Danish and European Handball Federation
文摘Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as well-being and motivation, in young untrained women.Methods: Twenty-eight untrained 20- to 30-year-old women were randomized to a handball training group(HG; n = 14, height 170 ± 5 cm, weight 73 ± 11 kg, VO_(2peak) 37.7 ± 4.1 mL/min/kg) that trained 1.7 ± 0.3 times per week over 12 weeks(70 min 4 v 4 handball sessions) or an inactive control group(CG; n = 14, 169 ± 5 cm, 71 ± 12 kg, 38.1 ± 3.7 mL/min/kg). Physiological and psychological and motivational training adaptations were assessed pre-and post-intervention by dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) scans, blood sampling, physical tests, and questionnaires.Results: The average heart rate(HR) over all training sessions was equal to 85% ± 6% HR_(max). Between-group intervention effects were observed in favor of HG for muscle mass(2.1%, p = 0.024), proximal femur bone mineral density(0.8%, p = 0.041), Yo-Yo IE1 intermittent endurance test level 1(IE1) performance(35%, p < 0.001), and incremental treadmill test performance(11.5%, p = 0.003), but not total fat mass(p = 0.176),mean arterial blood pressure(p = 0.328), resting HR(p = 0.219), or blood lipids(p = 0.298—0.854). In CG, no changes were observed in any of the measured physiological variables after the training period. Compared to CG, HG had an increase in intrinsic motivation(p < 0.001) and in the well-being subscale "energy"(p = 0.010).Conclusion: Participation in regular recreational team handball training organized as small-sided games has marked beneficial effects on physical performance, musculoskeletal fitness, well-being, and motivation in untrained young women.
基金provided by Edwards Lifesciences(Nyon,Switzerland)to the Sponsor IPPMed(Cloppenburg,Germany)funding from Edwards Lifesciences as did Andrea Ungar
文摘Background In a three-month report from the CGA-TAVI registry,we found the Multidimensional Prognostic Index(MPI)and Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)to be of value for predicting short-term outcomes in elderly patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI).In the present analysis,we examined the association of these tools with outcomes up to one year post-TAVI.Methods CGA-TAVI is an international,observational registry of geriatric patients undergoing TAVI.Patients were assessed using the MPI and SPPB.Efficacy of baseline values and any postoperative change for predicting outcome were established using logistic regression.Kaplan-Meier analysis was carried out for each comprehensive geriatric assessment tool,with survival stratified by risk category.Results One year after TAVI,14.1%of patients deceased,while 17.4%met the combined endpoint of death and/or non-fatal stroke,and 37.7%the combined endpoint of death and/or hospitalisation and/or non-fatal stroke.A high-risk MPI score was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality(aOR=36.13,95%CI:2.77–470.78,P=0.006)and death and/or non-fatal stroke(aOR=10.10,95%CI:1.48–68.75,P=0.018).No significant associations were found between a high-risk SPPB score and mortality or two main combined endpoints.In contrast to a worsening SPPB,an aggravating MPI score at three months post-TAVI was associated with an increased risk of death and/or non-fatal stoke at one year(aOR=95.16,95%CI:3.41–2657.01).Conclusions The MPI showed value for predicting the likelihood of death and a combination of death and/or non-fatal stroke by one year after TAVI in elderly patients.
文摘The cutting of offshore jack-up platform leg rack is highly nonlinear and complex thermal processing process. The residual stress influences the following welding quality and cause crack growth. Therefore, research on the cutting practice of jack-up platform leg rack is significant to improve the safety and reliability of the offshore platform. A heating source model that is applicable to the cutting and emulation of high-strength thick plates han been presented. Then, the thermo-physical characteristic parameters of NV E690 leg plate was calculated by JMATPRO, and is revised according to the theory of metallographic. Furthermore, the numerical simulation of the linear cutting of leg plate was conducted, and the reliability of the heating source model and the thermo-physical characteristic parameters of material were proved by comparing them with the experimental data. Bused on the former study, the optimal parameter （ heating source, cutting speed and radius of the heating source model） which ensured that the gear plate was cut through without edge collapses during cutting was calculated. The optimized process parameters can be used to study the distribution of residual stress in gear plate during cutting which provides theoretical guideline for improving the construction technology of offshore platform legs.
基金Fundacao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)+2 种基金Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciacao Científica (PIBIC)Coordenacao de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CNPq)Programa Permanecer.
文摘BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a clinical condition associated with several liver diseases and it includes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in its broad spectrum as steatosis,steatohepatitis and fibrosis.However,the criteria to define sarcopenia are diverse,and even those established in consensus have been discussed regarding their performance in making an accurate diagnosis.AIM To evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia,using different methods,in patients with NAFLD,and its association with clinical-anthropometric parameters.METHODS This was an observational study of outpatients with NAFLD.Sarcopenia was defined by the European Working Group Consensus on Sarcopenia in Older People of 2010(EWGSOP1)and 2018(EWGSOP2).The skeletal muscle index was used to estimate muscle mass,handgrip strength was assessed using the dynamometer and physical performance by walking a distance of four meters at usual walking speed.The non-invasive fibrosis scores,fibrosis-4(FIB-4)index and Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI),were used to assess the absence and presence of fibrosis.RESULTS Fifty-seven individuals with NAFLD were evaluated,the mean age(SD)was 52.7(11.3)years and 75.4%were female.Fibrosis assessed by FIB-4 and APRI was observed in 3.7%and 16.6%of patients with NAFLD,respectively.The diagnosis of sarcopenia was identified only by EWGSOP1 in 3.5%of NAFLD patients,and the prevalence of probable/pre-sarcopenia was higher using the EWGSOP2 consensus at 26.3%,when compared to 1.8%with EWGSOP1.Sarcopenia defined by EWGSOP1,was associated with grade I steatosis,but without overweight(P<0.05).An association between sarcopenia and fibrosis was not observed(P>0.05).EWGSOP2 showed a greater number of patients with probable sarcopenia,and who were overweight(12(80.0%)),with a higher degree of steatosis[11(73.3%)and presence of fibrosis(1(6.7%),FIB-4 and 3(20.0%),APRI]compared to EWGSOP1[1(100%),0(0.0%),0(0.0%),FIB-4 and 0(0.0%),APRI,respectively].CONCLUSION The present study showed that sarcopenia in NAFLD was not predominant in patients without fibrosis,by both diagnostic methods.In addition,the prevalence of probable sarcopenia also depends on the method applied.
基金supported by Aerospace Frontier Inspiration Project (Grant No.KY0505072113) from College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,NUDT,which are gratefully acknowledged by the authors.
文摘The spacecraequipment layout optimization design(SELOD)problems with complicated performance con-straints and diversity are studied in this paper.The previous literature uses the gradient-based algorithm to obtain optimized non-overlap layout schemes from randomly initialized cases eectively.However,these local optimal solutions are too dicult to jump out of their current relative geometry relationships,signicantly limiting their further improvement in performance indicators.Therefore,considering the geometric diversity of layout schemes is put forward to alleviate this limitation.First,similarity measures,including modied cosine similarity and gaussian kernel function similarity,are introduced into the layout optimization process.Then the optimization produces a set of feasible layout candidates with the most remarkable dierence in geometric distribution and the most representative schemes are sampled.Finally,these feasible geometric solutions are used as initial solutions to optimize the physical performance indicators of the spacecra,and diversied layout schemes of spacecraequipment are generated for the engineering practice.The validity and eectiveness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by two SELOD applications.
文摘In this study, raw silica was replaced by the silica pre-calcined at two different temperatures： 1100 ℃ and 1 300℃ to prepare self-flow silica castables. The properties of the synthesized castables adopting different kinds of silica were compared. The results show that： （1） the silica become loose after pre-calcination at 1 100 ℃ for 5h or at 1300 ℃ for 5 h; metastable cristobalite and glass phase are Jbund in the silica pre-calcined at 1 300 ℃ .for 5 h, which have a promoting effect on sintering ; （ 2 ） with the increase of the pre-calcining temperature as well as the replacement of pre-calcined silica, the linear change rate decreases, the apparent porosity and bulk den.sity change mildly, and flexural strength and com- pressive strength are enhanced;for the refractoriness under load, the increasing pre-calcining temperature has promotion effect but the replacing amount has very mild influence.
基金Supported by the Funda??o de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais,No.APQ-02320-18。
文摘BACKGROUND Although the prognostic relevance of sarcopenia has been increasingly recognised in the context of liver disease,there is a paucity of data evaluating body composition in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Beyond virus-related factors,nutritional and metabolic aspects can be associated with skeletal muscle abnormalities in these patients and should not be disregarded.AIM To evaluate the association between components of sarcopenia and demographic,clinical,lifestyle,nutritional,and biochemical variables in CHB patients.METHODS Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)was used to assess muscle mass by quantifying appendicular lean mass(ALM)adjusted for body mass index(ALMBMI).Muscle function was evaluated by hand grip strength(HGS)and the timed up and go test.Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)was defined according to the criteria proposed by an international expert panel.A body shape index and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to assess central obesity and physical activity level,respectively.RESULTS This cross-sectional study included 105 CHB outpatients followed at the tertiary care ambulatory centre(mean age,48.5±12.0 years;58.1%males;76.2%without cirrhosis;23.8%with compensated cirrhosis).The DXA-derived fat mass percentage was inversely correlated with the ALMBMI(r=-0.87)and HGS(r=-0.63).In the multivariable analysis,MAFLD,sedentarism and central obesity were positively and independently associated with low ALMBMI.MAFLD and central obesity were independently associated with low HGS.CONCLUSION MAFLD and central obesity were associated with low muscle mass and strength in patients with chronic hepatitis B,independent of the liver disease stage.
文摘Gait is a key function of human movement which plays an important role in motion analysis. Both in the clinical field and in rehabilitation, gait analysis is useful to evaluate the parameters that are modified following the administration of a protocol of adapted physical activity （APA）. Gait parameters could be measured using traditional rating scales, such as the Short Physical Performance Battery （SPPB） and technologies as a support to provide an assessment of gait quality. The aim of this study is to increase the objectivity of gait data obtained before and after a targeted APA program for a group of elderly people by integrating the traditional SPPB rating scale with the G Walk digital system. The former is an assessment tool to evaluate the functioning of lower extremity, in terms of chair stand, walk, and standing balance; whereas the latter can objectively evaluate the parameters of the gait. The sample was composed of I 1 adults aged between 67 and 94 years. The participants were chosen on the basis of a number of tests carried out to analyze their levels of autonomy, intellectual capacities and motor functioning. It has planned a six months APA protocol： before and after it, SPPB and G-Walk were administered. The results showed that space-time characteristics generally improve after APA intervention; therefore, the use of technology is a useful support for the evaluation scales.
文摘Purpose This longitudinal study investigated the potential enhancement of one physical and nine performance variables of New Zealand Rugby-Otago Rugby Football Union Academy college-age women student-athletes(NZORFUSA)using in-person-and non-video online-training(online)supervision.Methods Recruited NZORFUSA followed a periodised training protocols over 70-weeks.During weeks 1-35 and weeks 53-70(in-season),the NZORFUSA received 25-h of in-person supervision,participated in 15-h of team practice and game play each week.Over weeks 36-52(off-season),due to the NZORFUSA returning home over the college summer break,NZORFUSA received online supervision.Performance assessments occurred on weeks 1,31,53 and 70.During each testing session,body weight,acceleration,anaerobic endurance,lower-body power,speed,and upper-body strength performance data were collected.Data from weeks 1-70 are presented in this paper;weeks 1-31 and 1-53 data were previously published.Results Over 70-weeks of in-person-,online-,and again in-person supervision,mean data showed a decrease in body weight[effect size,Cohen's d=0.12,trivial;95%confidence interval(CI):29.4-127.7]and showed improvements in per-formance variables(large effect size,d=1.49-4.33),including lower-body power(CI:39.9-47.5),upper-body bench press strength(CI:29.7-132.3)and anaerobic endurance;for the latter performance variable,to complete the 40 m repeat sprints needs less effort(CI:81.3-95.5)with concurrent lower fatigue level being achieved(CI:8.08-9.77).Conclusion Physical and performance enhancement for Academy women student-athletes with in-person,online,and again in-person supervision over 70-weeks is attainable.Future longitudinal research is needed to assist performance enhance-ment for this cohort.
