Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn.is a very rare European ephemeral funaroid moss.The entire European population of this species is considered threatened and it is red-listed in many regions and countries.In addition to...Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn.is a very rare European ephemeral funaroid moss.The entire European population of this species is considered threatened and it is red-listed in many regions and countries.In addition to being recognized as threatened and included in nature conservation legislation,it also requires active protec-tion measures.This study aims to contribute to effective conservation practices for P.eurystomum.Different con-servation physiology tests were carried out to propagate this species to achieve a reliable procedure for biomass production and the potential reintroduction of germplasm.Ex situ tests,both in vitro and ex vitro,were carried out to determine the optimal method for spore production under laboratory conditions,considering that the spores are the best propagules for the reintroduction of the species.An important outcome of this research is a deeper understanding of the role of the spore bank of this species for its survival in a variable environment.Some additional characterizations of the biology of this ephemeral moss species are also discussed,such as the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of the vegetative vs.sexual phases to clarify the transition to the reproductive phase.It is proposed that both types of sporophytes be used in conservation practices due to viable spore bank self-sustainability in rapidly changing environmental conditions.展开更多
Mosses play a crucial role in environmental protection,ecological preservation,and horticulture.While the effects of nanomaterials on angiosperms have been widely studied,their impact on bryophytes remains underexplor...Mosses play a crucial role in environmental protection,ecological preservation,and horticulture.While the effects of nanomaterials on angiosperms have been widely studied,their impact on bryophytes remains underexplored.In this study,we investigated the effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)and virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles(VMSNs)on the model moss species Physcomitrium patens(P.patens).Our results revealed that MSNs,with an average size of approximately 123 nm,are nontoxic to P.patens and enhance its salt tolerance.The expression of key genes involved in stress responses were significantly induced in MSN-treated plants under salt stress,including peroxidase(POX),L-ascorbate oxidase(L-AO),alternative oxidase(AOX),and calcium-dependent protein kinase(CPK).MSN treatment reduced the accumulation of H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(·-),increased Ca^(2+)signaling,and modulated reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,collectively improving moss tolerance to salt stress.MSNs were observed on the cell surface,in intercellular space,and within the cytosol and vesicles.They were transported bidirectionally between rhizoids and apical leaves.This study provides novel insights into the distribution,transport,and functional mechanisms of MSNs in mosses,offering a valuable foundation for the application of nanomaterials in plant stress biology and ecological management of bryophytes.展开更多
Despite decades of efforts in genome sequencing and functional characterization,some important protein families remain poorly understood.In this study,we report the classification,evolution,and functions of the largel...Despite decades of efforts in genome sequencing and functional characterization,some important protein families remain poorly understood.In this study,we report the classification,evolution,and functions of the largely uncharacterized AIM24 protein family in plants,including the identification of a novel subfamily.We show that two AIM24 subfamilies(AIM24-A and AIM24-B)are commonly distributed in major plant groups.These two subfamilies not only have modest sequence similarities and different gene structures but also are of independent bacterial ancestry.We performed comparative functional investigations on the two AIM24 subfamilies using three model plants:the moss Physcomitrium patens,the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha,and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.Intriguingly,despite their significant differences in sequence and gene structure,both AIM24 subfamilies are involved in ER stress tolerance and the unfolded protein response(UPR).In addition,transformation of the AIM24-A gene from P.patens into the AIM24-B null mutant of A.thaliana could at least partially rescue ER stress tolerance and the UPR.We also discuss the role of AIM24 genes in plant development and other cellular activities.This study provides a unique example of parallel evolution in molecular functions and can serve as a foundation for further investigation of the AIM24 family in plants.展开更多
The phytohormone auxin,and its directional transport through tissues,plays a fundamental role in the development of higher plants.This polar auxin transport predominantly relies on PIN-FORMED(PIN)auxin exporters.Hence...The phytohormone auxin,and its directional transport through tissues,plays a fundamental role in the development of higher plants.This polar auxin transport predominantly relies on PIN-FORMED(PIN)auxin exporters.Hence,PIN polarization is crucial for development,but its evolution during the rise of morpho-logical complexity in land plants remains unclear.Here,we performed a cross-species investigation by observing the trafficking and localization of endogenous and exogenous PINs in two bryophytes,Physco-mitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha,and in theflowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.We confirmed that the GFP fusion did not compromise the auxin export function of all examined PINs by using a radioac-tive auxin export assay and by observing the phenotypic changes in transgenic bryophytes.Endogenous PINs polarize tofilamentous apices,while exogenous Arabidopsis PINs distribute symmetrically on the membrane in both bryophytes.In the Arabidopsis root epidermis,bryophytic PINs have no defined polarity.Pharmacological interference revealed a strong cytoskeletal dependence of bryophytic but not Arabidopsis PIN polarization.The divergence of PIN polarization and trafficking is also observed within the bryophyte clade and between tissues of individual species.These results collectively reveal the divergence of PIN traf-ficking and polarity mechanisms throughout land plant evolution and the co-evolution of PIN sequence-based and cell-based polarity mechanisms.展开更多
基金The project is supported by the Serbian Ministry of Science,Technological Development and Innovations,Contract Nos.451-03-65/2024-03/200178 and 451-03-66/2024-03/200178.
文摘Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn.is a very rare European ephemeral funaroid moss.The entire European population of this species is considered threatened and it is red-listed in many regions and countries.In addition to being recognized as threatened and included in nature conservation legislation,it also requires active protec-tion measures.This study aims to contribute to effective conservation practices for P.eurystomum.Different con-servation physiology tests were carried out to propagate this species to achieve a reliable procedure for biomass production and the potential reintroduction of germplasm.Ex situ tests,both in vitro and ex vitro,were carried out to determine the optimal method for spore production under laboratory conditions,considering that the spores are the best propagules for the reintroduction of the species.An important outcome of this research is a deeper understanding of the role of the spore bank of this species for its survival in a variable environment.Some additional characterizations of the biology of this ephemeral moss species are also discussed,such as the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of the vegetative vs.sexual phases to clarify the transition to the reproductive phase.It is proposed that both types of sporophytes be used in conservation practices due to viable spore bank self-sustainability in rapidly changing environmental conditions.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32300244)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB661 and 2024AFB824)+2 种基金Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research,Hubei University of Medicine(2024ESOF002)Scientific Research Plan of Education Department of Hubei Province(B2022004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373305).
文摘Mosses play a crucial role in environmental protection,ecological preservation,and horticulture.While the effects of nanomaterials on angiosperms have been widely studied,their impact on bryophytes remains underexplored.In this study,we investigated the effects of mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)and virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles(VMSNs)on the model moss species Physcomitrium patens(P.patens).Our results revealed that MSNs,with an average size of approximately 123 nm,are nontoxic to P.patens and enhance its salt tolerance.The expression of key genes involved in stress responses were significantly induced in MSN-treated plants under salt stress,including peroxidase(POX),L-ascorbate oxidase(L-AO),alternative oxidase(AOX),and calcium-dependent protein kinase(CPK).MSN treatment reduced the accumulation of H_(2)O_(2) and O_(2)^(·-),increased Ca^(2+)signaling,and modulated reactive oxygen species(ROS)homeostasis,collectively improving moss tolerance to salt stress.MSNs were observed on the cell surface,in intercellular space,and within the cytosol and vesicles.They were transported bidirectionally between rhizoids and apical leaves.This study provides novel insights into the distribution,transport,and functional mechanisms of MSNs in mosses,offering a valuable foundation for the application of nanomaterials in plant stress biology and ecological management of bryophytes.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970248,32070251,32170242)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202101AT070186,202201AT070163)+2 种基金Postdoctoral Research Funding Projects of Yunnan Province,the Special Research Assistant Funding Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2021)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M723223)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(2022398).
文摘Despite decades of efforts in genome sequencing and functional characterization,some important protein families remain poorly understood.In this study,we report the classification,evolution,and functions of the largely uncharacterized AIM24 protein family in plants,including the identification of a novel subfamily.We show that two AIM24 subfamilies(AIM24-A and AIM24-B)are commonly distributed in major plant groups.These two subfamilies not only have modest sequence similarities and different gene structures but also are of independent bacterial ancestry.We performed comparative functional investigations on the two AIM24 subfamilies using three model plants:the moss Physcomitrium patens,the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha,and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.Intriguingly,despite their significant differences in sequence and gene structure,both AIM24 subfamilies are involved in ER stress tolerance and the unfolded protein response(UPR).In addition,transformation of the AIM24-A gene from P.patens into the AIM24-B null mutant of A.thaliana could at least partially rescue ER stress tolerance and the UPR.We also discuss the role of AIM24 genes in plant development and other cellular activities.This study provides a unique example of parallel evolution in molecular functions and can serve as a foundation for further investigation of the AIM24 family in plants.
基金supported by the European Research Council Advanced Grant (ETAP-742985 to H.T.and J.F.)by the Ministry of Science and Technology (grant 110-2636-B-005-001 to K.-J.L.).
文摘The phytohormone auxin,and its directional transport through tissues,plays a fundamental role in the development of higher plants.This polar auxin transport predominantly relies on PIN-FORMED(PIN)auxin exporters.Hence,PIN polarization is crucial for development,but its evolution during the rise of morpho-logical complexity in land plants remains unclear.Here,we performed a cross-species investigation by observing the trafficking and localization of endogenous and exogenous PINs in two bryophytes,Physco-mitrium patens and Marchantia polymorpha,and in theflowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana.We confirmed that the GFP fusion did not compromise the auxin export function of all examined PINs by using a radioac-tive auxin export assay and by observing the phenotypic changes in transgenic bryophytes.Endogenous PINs polarize tofilamentous apices,while exogenous Arabidopsis PINs distribute symmetrically on the membrane in both bryophytes.In the Arabidopsis root epidermis,bryophytic PINs have no defined polarity.Pharmacological interference revealed a strong cytoskeletal dependence of bryophytic but not Arabidopsis PIN polarization.The divergence of PIN polarization and trafficking is also observed within the bryophyte clade and between tissues of individual species.These results collectively reveal the divergence of PIN traf-ficking and polarity mechanisms throughout land plant evolution and the co-evolution of PIN sequence-based and cell-based polarity mechanisms.
