Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a phy...Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a physically defined class of substances.However,current research has gradually shifted towards the identification of its chemical groups,because its light-absorbing capability,chemical properties and health effects mainly depend on the chemical composition of its chromophores.Therefore,this review mainly focuses on the chemical understanding of BrC based on chromophores,and the secondary formation mechanism of chromophores,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects of BrC were detailly summarized.Firstly,BrC chromophores are divided into five categories:nitrogen-heterocycles,nitrogen-chain,aromatic species,oligomers and sulfur-containing organic compounds.Different chromophore precursor species exhibit variations,and their formation mechanisms are also distinct.Secondly,BrC can trigger the production of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors or cause SOA growth because BrC is an important component of light-absorbing particles formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels,potentially exerting adverse effects on human health.Finally,developing sufficiently separated methods for BrC and refining algorithms and machine learning can lead to a more effective understanding of the chemical composition of chromophores,thus enabling better evaluation of the atmospheric effects and health impacts of BrC.In all,this review provides new insights into the categories of BrC chromophores and new advance in secondary formation mechanisms,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects on the basis of chemical structures.展开更多
Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatur...Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.展开更多
In this work, the photosensitive paste was prepared. It was comprised of inorganic particles and a photosensitive organic component. The inorganic panicles included glass, ceramics, and metals. The organic component s...In this work, the photosensitive paste was prepared. It was comprised of inorganic particles and a photosensitive organic component. The inorganic panicles included glass, ceramics, and metals. The organic component should contain at least the following photosensitive materials： photosensitive monomers, photoreactive copolymer and photopolymerization initiators. The photoreactive copolymer played a role of an adhesive in the photosensitive paste. Meanwhile in the development stage, the carboxyl groups of the copolymer reacted with the alkalescent developer. Following this, the unexposed part must be removed and an excellent pattern can be formed. A series of three-component acrylic copolymers （MAA/St/MMA） were designed, and then synthesized via free radical polymerization. Subsequently glycidyl methacrylate （GMA） was employed to modify the prepared copolymers through ring-opening reactions between the carboxyl groups and the epoxide groups. Eventually the photosensitive copolymers were obtained and used to form the barrier ribs of PDPs. The chemical structure, glass transition temperature, acid value and molecular weight of photosensitive copolymers had different effects on the structure and pattern of PDP barrier ribs. Through analyzing effects of different polymer performance parameters on the patterns of barrier ribs, the optimal photosensitive copolymer was acquired.展开更多
A novel cationic photosensitive resin(3 DSLR-01) for stereolithography 3 D printing was prepared with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3’,4’-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate(2021 P),1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol glycidyl ether(JX-...A novel cationic photosensitive resin(3 DSLR-01) for stereolithography 3 D printing was prepared with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3’,4’-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate(2021 P),1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol glycidyl ether(JX-026), diglycidyl 4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate(S-186), polycaprolactone polyol(Polyol-0305), novolac epoxy resin(F-51), bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) ether(S-221) and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts solution(UVI-6976). The properties of the photosensitive resin and its UV-cured films were investigated by some instruments and equipment.The experimental results show that the critical exposure(Ec) of the photosensitive resin is 16.3 mJ/cm^2, the penetration depth(Dp) is 0.14 mm, and the optical property of the photosensitive resin is excellent. Rectangle plates were printed by using a stereolithography apparatus(HRPL-150 A) with the photosensitive resin as the manufacturing material, and the shrinkage rates of the plates were less than 0.60%, which showed that the accuracy of the manufactured plates was very high.展开更多
Photosensitive peptide hydrogels(PPHs) which allow photo-modulation on the self-assembly of peptides were broadly developed over the recent decades. The real-time and spatial modulation of hydrogel properties upon non...Photosensitive peptide hydrogels(PPHs) which allow photo-modulation on the self-assembly of peptides were broadly developed over the recent decades. The real-time and spatial modulation of hydrogel properties upon non-contact light illumination, allow the PPHs serving as super "smart" soft materials.Herein, we briefly summarized the PPHs preparing from the integration of diverse photosensitive moieties with peptides through gelation abilities, "smart" manner and applications. Moreover, a novel type of PPHs based on intramolecular biorthogonal photo-click reaction developed by our group has been demonstrated with relative mechanism and applications.展开更多
Bis[2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl]octamethyltetrasiloxane is also called diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane. In the present paper, diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane was synthesized, and the syn...Bis[2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl]octamethyltetrasiloxane is also called diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane. In the present paper, diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane was synthesized, and the synthesized product was characterized by FTIR and 1 HMR. The synthesized product was compounded with some acrylates and an expoxide as well as photoinitiators to obtain a 3D printing stereolithography resin(3DSLR111). The properties of 3DSLR111 and its UV-cured samples were investigated by some instruments and equipments. The experimental results show that the critical exposure(Ec) of 3DSLR111 is 10.1 mJ/cm^2, its penetration depth(Dp) is 0.15 mm, and its viscosity at 30 ℃ is 319 mPa·s. Some samples were printed with 3DSLR111, and their linear shrinkage and warping factor were evaluated. The linear shrinkage and the curl distortion factor are less than 0.80% and 7.30%, respectively, which indicates that the sample printed with 3DSLR111 has high accuracy, and that the synthesized diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane can be well applied to the preparation of the photosensitive resin for stereolithography 3D printing.展开更多
Leaf color is directly related to altered photosynthesis.Hence,leaf yellowing mutants can be widely used for the researching plant physiology and functional genomes,for cultivating new varieties of popular horticultur...Leaf color is directly related to altered photosynthesis.Hence,leaf yellowing mutants can be widely used for the researching plant physiology and functional genomes,for cultivating new varieties of popular horticultural plants,and for identifying hybrid purity(as markers).Here,we constructed a^(60)Co-γF_(2)population from the leaf-yellowing mutant R24 via radiation mutation with the inbred line WT21 of pepper.Genetic analysis showed that the leaf-yellowing of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.By applying the Bulk Segregation Analysis and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR markers,the leaf-yellowing gene CaLY1(Capsicum annuum Leaf yellow 1)was mapped on chromosome 9,SNP5791587-SNP6011215,with a size of 214.5 kb.One non-synonymous mutated gene Capana09g000166 was found in the interval.The gene encoded a Psb X,which is the core complex of PSⅡ.Transcriptome analysis further showed that 2301 differentially expressed genes were identified under shading treatment for 24 h in R24.The Gene Ontology enrichment pathways were related to photosynthesis light harvesting,cell wall,activity of quercetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and flavonoid metabolic process,which likely regulate the response of pepper leaves to different light levels.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the most abundant pathways were photosynthesis antenna proteins and metabolic.展开更多
A novel hybrid type photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing was prepared with bisphenol A type epoxy diacrylate （EA-612）, tripropylene glycol diacrylate （TPGDA）,ethoxylated trimethyolpropane tria...A novel hybrid type photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing was prepared with bisphenol A type epoxy diacrylate （EA-612）, tripropylene glycol diacrylate （TPGDA）,ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate（EO3TMPTA）, cycloaliphatic diepoxide（ERL-4221）,polycaprolactonepolyol（Polyol-0301）,1-hydroxy-cyclohphenyl ketone（Irgacure184）, and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts （Ar3SSbF6）. The novel hybrid type photosensitive resin was the photosensitive resin of an epoxy-acrylate hybrid system, which proceeded free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization in ultraviolet （UV） laser. Cuboid parts and double-cantilever parts were fabricated by using a stereolithography apparatus with the novel hybrid type photosensitive resin as the processing material,and the dimension shrinkage factor and the curl factor were tested. The shrinkage factor was less than 2.00%,and the curl factor was less than 8.00%, which showed that the accuracy of the fabricated parts was high with the photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing.展开更多
The novel sulfonated polyimide membranes were successfully synthesized by thermal imidization with monomers of 4,4＇-（hexafluoroisopropylidene）diphthalic anhydride （6FDA）, 4,4＇-diamino- diphenyl ether-2,2＇-disul...The novel sulfonated polyimide membranes were successfully synthesized by thermal imidization with monomers of 4,4＇-（hexafluoroisopropylidene）diphthalic anhydride （6FDA）, 4,4＇-diamino- diphenyl ether-2,2＇-disulfonic acid （SODA） and 3,3 ＇-diaminochalcone （3DAC）. Photosensitive chalcone moiety was introduced to the main chain of copolymers, and the photocrosslinking of resulting copolymer in aqueous electrolyte was attempted. A series of sulfonated copolyimide precursors containing chalcone functional groups in the main chain were prepared with different sulfonation degrees by controlling the molar ratio of SODA, 6FDA and 3DAC. The polymer membranes were prepared from these sulfonated aromatic precursors by solution casting and subsequent thermal imidization. The crosslinking with UV irradiation was attempted in the presence or absence of distilled water. The characterizations of the resulting membrane such as the ion-exchange capacity, water absorption and ionic conductivity were performed with respect to the copolymer compositions and the photocrosslinking conditions.展开更多
Phototoxic treatments of pathogenic bacteria and fungi of trees induce oxidative damage that is preferable to toxic chemical treatment.Here,we used green methods to synthesize Chlorin e6 from chlorophyll a,which was e...Phototoxic treatments of pathogenic bacteria and fungi of trees induce oxidative damage that is preferable to toxic chemical treatment.Here,we used green methods to synthesize Chlorin e6 from chlorophyll a,which was extracted from crude silkworm excrement using concentrated(strong)alkali hydrolysis and acidification.The photosensitive bactericidal activities of the new chlorin were tested in vitro,and possible mechanisms of action are discussed.The results showed that Chlorin e6 can be lightactivated to have bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium oxysporum,but it had little bactericidal effect in the dark.This kind of chlorin compounds has great potential as a natural phototoxic antimicrobial compound to control harmful bacteria on the leaves in forestry systems.展开更多
Seawater photoelectrolysis is showing huge potential in green energy conversion field,yet it is still a formidable challenge to develop one catalyst that can drive the electrolysis reaction stably,economically and eff...Seawater photoelectrolysis is showing huge potential in green energy conversion field,yet it is still a formidable challenge to develop one catalyst that can drive the electrolysis reaction stably,economically and efficiently.Motivated by this point,the inorganic–organic hybridization strategy is proposed to insitu construct one hierarchical electrode via concurrent electroless plating and polymerization,which assures the growth of boron-modulated nickel–cobalt oxyhydroxide nanoballs and photosensitive polyaniline nanochains on the self-supporting Ti-based foil(B-Co Ni OOH/PANI@TiO_(2)/Ti).Upon inducing photoelectric effect(PEE),the designed target electrode delivers overpotentials as low as 196 and 398 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively,corresponding to an activity enhancement by about 15%as compared to those without PEE.Inspiringly,when served as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall seawater electrolysis,it can stably maintain at 200 mA cm^(-2)with negligible decay over 72 h.Further analysis reveals that the exceptional catalytic performance can be credit to the B-CoNiOOH,polyaniline(PANI)and TiO_(2)subunit coupling-induced physically and chemically synergistic catalysis effect such as admirable composition stability,photoelectric function and adhesion capability.The finding in this contribution may trigger much more broad interest to the novel hybrid catalysts consisting of photosensitive polymer and transition metal-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
A novel Ru(Ⅱ) tris-bipyridyl complex, Ru(bpy)2[bpy(CO2H)(CO2Et)][PF6]2 is prepared in a simple and convenient process. It will be an alternativ?of Ru(bpy)2bpy(CO2Et)2(PF6)2 to be used in solar cel須 as photosensitive...A novel Ru(Ⅱ) tris-bipyridyl complex, Ru(bpy)2[bpy(CO2H)(CO2Et)][PF6]2 is prepared in a simple and convenient process. It will be an alternativ?of Ru(bpy)2bpy(CO2Et)2(PF6)2 to be used in solar cel須 as photosensitive dyes.展开更多
This paper studies the photosensitive effect of cerium oxide on the precipitation of Ag nanoparticles after femtosecond laser irradiating into silicate glass and successive annealing.Spectroscopy analysis and diffract...This paper studies the photosensitive effect of cerium oxide on the precipitation of Ag nanoparticles after femtosecond laser irradiating into silicate glass and successive annealing.Spectroscopy analysis and diffraction efficiency measurements show that the introduction of cerium oxide may increase the concentration of Ag atoms in the femtosecond laser-irradiated regions resulting from the photoreduction reaction Ce^3＋ ＋ Ag^＋ → Ce^4＋ ＋ Ag^0 via multiphoton excitation.These results promote the aggregation of Ag nanopartieles during the annealing process. It is also found that different concentrations of cerium oxide may influence the Ag nanoparticle precipitation in the corresponding glass.展开更多
Excess loss on the short wavelength side of the Bragg resonant wavelength caused by cladding mode coupling limits wide use of grating in the fiber communication system, especially in densed wavelength division multipl...Excess loss on the short wavelength side of the Bragg resonant wavelength caused by cladding mode coupling limits wide use of grating in the fiber communication system, especially in densed wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system. A novel photosensitive fiber design that have depressed cladding and photosensitive inner cladding in the same fiber is proposed, which can suppress cladding mode coupling greatly. Using MCVD method B/Ge codoped fiber with depressed cladding was fabriceted out, which was also doped in boron and germanium and had the photosensitivity. Finally, the transmission spectrum of written grating in this fiber by phase mask method verified its larger photosensitivity and greatly suppression of cladding mode coupling.展开更多
Two novel rhenium(I) 2, 2'-bipyridyl complexes, [(4,4'-di-COOEt-bipy) Re(CO)3 (NCCH3)PF6] and [(4,4'-di-COOEt-bipy) Re (CO)3 (NCS)], a model complex [(4,4'-di- COOEt-bipy) Re (CO)3 (pyridine)PF6], were...Two novel rhenium(I) 2, 2'-bipyridyl complexes, [(4,4'-di-COOEt-bipy) Re(CO)3 (NCCH3)PF6] and [(4,4'-di-COOEt-bipy) Re (CO)3 (NCS)], a model complex [(4,4'-di- COOEt-bipy) Re (CO)3 (pyridine)PF6], were synthesized. Their ground stat?electronic spectra and emission spectra were measured in acetonitrile. The MLCT absorption maximum of the complex exhibited a considerable red shift as the ligand changed from pyridine to CNCH3, or SCN.展开更多
Six kinds of cerium carboxylate (CeCar(3)) and rare earth carboxylate (RECar(3), RE=La+Ce+Pr) complexes were synthesized, and the compositions and characters of these complexes were studied by elementary analysis, the...Six kinds of cerium carboxylate (CeCar(3)) and rare earth carboxylate (RECar(3), RE=La+Ce+Pr) complexes were synthesized, and the compositions and characters of these complexes were studied by elementary analysis, thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy. The carbonyl indexes (CI) of law density polyethylene (LDPE) films containing CeCar(3) or RECar(3) during UV photooxidation were determined by IR spectroscopy. The effects of CeCar(3) or RECar(3) on the UV photooxidation rates, viscosity and average molecular weights (M(n)) of LDPE films were studied by using CI, and their mechanisms in sensitizing photooxidation degradation of LDPE films are discussed. Results show that the lifetime of LDPE films can be controlled by adding 0.1 wt%similar to 0.3 wt% CeCar(3) complexes to LDPE films.展开更多
A series of photosensitive random copolymers （UPDHES） were prepared by introducing acrylate groups onto the side chain of the copolymer backbone of N, N-domethyl amimethyl methacrylate （DMAEMA）, 2-hydroxypropyl ac...A series of photosensitive random copolymers （UPDHES） were prepared by introducing acrylate groups onto the side chain of the copolymer backbone of N, N-domethyl amimethyl methacrylate （DMAEMA）, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate （HEA）, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate （EHA）, and styrene （St） （PDHES）. The molecular structure of UPDHES was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and GPC. The photopolymerization kinetics of UPDHES with different C=C content was investigated using real time FTIR in which it was found that the UPDHES system had notable photosensitivity. The effect of C=C content on the properties of cured films were studied by evaluating various film properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature and tensile properties. The thermal degradation of cured films was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry （TGA-IR）. Thus a series of UV-curable electrodeposition coatings with good photosensitivity and mechanical properties were prepared from a low-cost photosensitive random copolymer.展开更多
The rapid miniaturization of electronic devices has fueled unprecedented demand for flexible,high-performance sensors across fields ranging from medical devices to robotics.Despite advances in fabrication techniques,t...The rapid miniaturization of electronic devices has fueled unprecedented demand for flexible,high-performance sensors across fields ranging from medical devices to robotics.Despite advances in fabrication techniques,the development of micro-and nano-scale flexible force sensors with superior sensitivity,stability,and biocompatibility remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we developed a novel conductive photosensitive resin specifically designed for two-photon polymerization,systematically optimized its printing parameters,and improved its structural design,thereby enabling the fabrication of high-precision micro-spring force sensors(MSFS).The proposed photosensitive resin,doped with MXene nanomaterials,combines exceptional mechanical strength and conductivity,overcoming limitations of traditional materials.Using a support vector machine model in machine learning techniques,we optimized the polymerizability of the resin under varied laser parameters,achieving a predictive accuracy of 92.66%.This model significantly reduced trial-and-error in the TPP process,accelerating the discovery of ideal fabrication conditions.Finite element analysis was employed to design and simulate the performance of the MSFS,guiding structural optimization to achieve high sensitivity and mechanical stability.The fabricated MSFS demonstrated outstanding electromechanical performance,with a sensitivity coefficient of 5.65 and a fabrication accuracy within±50 nm,setting a new standard for MSFS precision.This work not only pushes the boundaries of sensor miniaturization but also introduces a scalable,efficient pathway for the rapid design and fabrication of highperformance flexible sensors.展开更多
Background:Photosensitive inks are extensively employed in diverse industrial applications;however,rapid and non-destructive discrimination between ink types remains a persistent technical challenge.Conventional metho...Background:Photosensitive inks are extensively employed in diverse industrial applications;however,rapid and non-destructive discrimination between ink types remains a persistent technical challenge.Conventional methods often lack the efficiency or precision required to differentiate inks from varying manufacturers and models.Aims and Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of integrating microspectrophotometry with chemometric analysis for non-destructive discrimination of photosensitive inks,addressing the need for accurate and rapid identification in practical scenarios.Materials and Methods:Spectral data within the 400-800 nm wavelength range were non-destructively collected from 50 photosensitive ink samples,representing diverse manufacturers and models,using MSP.The acquired spectral dataset was analyzed via principal component analysis(PCA),a chemometric technique,to assess its discriminative capacity.Results:PCA achieved a pairwise discrimination power of 99.67%across the 50 ink samples,as visualized through load scatter plots.This result underscores the method’s robustness in detecting subtle spectral variations arising from compositional differences among inks.Conclusion:The combination of MSP and PCA provides an efficient,non-destructive strategy for distinguishing photosensitive inks with high precision.This approach holds substantial promise for applications in forensic investigations,industrial quality control,and authentication processes requiring rapid and reliable ink differentiation.展开更多
A cutting-edge method known as photocatalytic antibacterial technology can effectively eliminate drug-resistant bacterial strains and boast a wide-ranging antimicrobial capability.In the study,a novel Ag NPs/TiO_(2)/P...A cutting-edge method known as photocatalytic antibacterial technology can effectively eliminate drug-resistant bacterial strains and boast a wide-ranging antimicrobial capability.In the study,a novel Ag NPs/TiO_(2)/PEG/PVP(ATPP)aerogel photocatalyst was synthesized by an electron beam in-situ radiation method using polyethylene glycol(PEG),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),AgNO_(3),and TiO_(2)as raw materials.ATPP was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and solid ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS).The results demonstrated that silver ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles by electron beam radiation method.At the same time,the doping of silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)enhanced visible-light adsorption.The degradation rate of methylene blue(MB)on 5%(in mass)ATPP could reach 81%under visible light for 180 min.Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as model bacteria to explore the antimi-crobial properties of ATPP by zone of the inhibition method,plate counting method and live/dead bacterial staining.Cyclic antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial effect of ATPP was sustainable.Meanwhile,MTT assay and Hoechst33342/PI double staining were used to prove that the composite had good biocompatibility.The aerogel photocatalytic material has the potential to decrease microbial presence in both medical and environmental settings,making it a valuable tool for such applications.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001,42327806 and 42177354).
文摘Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a physically defined class of substances.However,current research has gradually shifted towards the identification of its chemical groups,because its light-absorbing capability,chemical properties and health effects mainly depend on the chemical composition of its chromophores.Therefore,this review mainly focuses on the chemical understanding of BrC based on chromophores,and the secondary formation mechanism of chromophores,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects of BrC were detailly summarized.Firstly,BrC chromophores are divided into five categories:nitrogen-heterocycles,nitrogen-chain,aromatic species,oligomers and sulfur-containing organic compounds.Different chromophore precursor species exhibit variations,and their formation mechanisms are also distinct.Secondly,BrC can trigger the production of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors or cause SOA growth because BrC is an important component of light-absorbing particles formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels,potentially exerting adverse effects on human health.Finally,developing sufficiently separated methods for BrC and refining algorithms and machine learning can lead to a more effective understanding of the chemical composition of chromophores,thus enabling better evaluation of the atmospheric effects and health impacts of BrC.In all,this review provides new insights into the categories of BrC chromophores and new advance in secondary formation mechanisms,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects on the basis of chemical structures.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National 863 Program of China(200lAA211l7l,2002AA207001 and 2004AA2l109l1)National Sci-Tech Achievement Transformation Foundation of China(03EFN 2l6900283).
文摘Acknowledgement It has been previously established that the BT type of cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is induced by high temperatures, while photosensitive genic male sterility （PGMS） seed sets by low temperatures induce. In the current study, we have bred photosensitive cytoplasmic male sterility （PCMS） lines （2308SA and 2310SA） by crossing the CMS line with the PGMS japonica line with maintainer genes. The sterility of PCMS japonica was consequently controlled by two groups of male sterile genes resulting from the integration of PGMS and CMS genes. The results on plant fertility, at different sowing times, were as follows： （a） Under conditions of natural long-day photoperiod and at temperatures above 35~C, the PGMS gene regulated PCMS japonica sterility - the higher the temperature, the lower the pollen fertility. However, bagged seed sets of PCMS japonica, not exposed to high temperatures, induced the CMS seed set. （b） Exposure to long-day photoperiod and temperature conditions between 35℃ and the critical sterility inducing temperature of PGMS resulted in both PGMS and CMS gene controlled sterility of PCMS japonica, which exhibited stable characteristics. （c） When exposed to critical sterility inducing temperatures or short-day photoperiod and daily high temperatures below 32℃, the BT type of the CMS gene regulated PCMS sterility. Under these conditions, the PGMS gene rendered male sterility insusceptible to occasional cool summer days when this PCMS line, adopted for hybrid seed production, develops into panicle differentiation stage. The present study also investigated the fertility restoration, seed production and combining ability of PCMS japonica so as to optimize its use.
基金financially supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (No.2102035)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51173013)
文摘In this work, the photosensitive paste was prepared. It was comprised of inorganic particles and a photosensitive organic component. The inorganic panicles included glass, ceramics, and metals. The organic component should contain at least the following photosensitive materials： photosensitive monomers, photoreactive copolymer and photopolymerization initiators. The photoreactive copolymer played a role of an adhesive in the photosensitive paste. Meanwhile in the development stage, the carboxyl groups of the copolymer reacted with the alkalescent developer. Following this, the unexposed part must be removed and an excellent pattern can be formed. A series of three-component acrylic copolymers （MAA/St/MMA） were designed, and then synthesized via free radical polymerization. Subsequently glycidyl methacrylate （GMA） was employed to modify the prepared copolymers through ring-opening reactions between the carboxyl groups and the epoxide groups. Eventually the photosensitive copolymers were obtained and used to form the barrier ribs of PDPs. The chemical structure, glass transition temperature, acid value and molecular weight of photosensitive copolymers had different effects on the structure and pattern of PDP barrier ribs. Through analyzing effects of different polymer performance parameters on the patterns of barrier ribs, the optimal photosensitive copolymer was acquired.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51563017)
文摘A novel cationic photosensitive resin(3 DSLR-01) for stereolithography 3 D printing was prepared with 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3’,4’-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate(2021 P),1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol glycidyl ether(JX-026), diglycidyl 4,5-epoxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate(S-186), polycaprolactone polyol(Polyol-0305), novolac epoxy resin(F-51), bis(3-ethyl-3-oxetanylmethyl) ether(S-221) and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts solution(UVI-6976). The properties of the photosensitive resin and its UV-cured films were investigated by some instruments and equipment.The experimental results show that the critical exposure(Ec) of the photosensitive resin is 16.3 mJ/cm^2, the penetration depth(Dp) is 0.14 mm, and the optical property of the photosensitive resin is excellent. Rectangle plates were printed by using a stereolithography apparatus(HRPL-150 A) with the photosensitive resin as the manufacturing material, and the shrinkage rates of the plates were less than 0.60%, which showed that the accuracy of the manufactured plates was very high.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 21572102, 21672103,21302093)the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding the research work through ISPP#0101
文摘Photosensitive peptide hydrogels(PPHs) which allow photo-modulation on the self-assembly of peptides were broadly developed over the recent decades. The real-time and spatial modulation of hydrogel properties upon non-contact light illumination, allow the PPHs serving as super "smart" soft materials.Herein, we briefly summarized the PPHs preparing from the integration of diverse photosensitive moieties with peptides through gelation abilities, "smart" manner and applications. Moreover, a novel type of PPHs based on intramolecular biorthogonal photo-click reaction developed by our group has been demonstrated with relative mechanism and applications.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51563017)
文摘Bis[2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl]octamethyltetrasiloxane is also called diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane. In the present paper, diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane was synthesized, and the synthesized product was characterized by FTIR and 1 HMR. The synthesized product was compounded with some acrylates and an expoxide as well as photoinitiators to obtain a 3D printing stereolithography resin(3DSLR111). The properties of 3DSLR111 and its UV-cured samples were investigated by some instruments and equipments. The experimental results show that the critical exposure(Ec) of 3DSLR111 is 10.1 mJ/cm^2, its penetration depth(Dp) is 0.15 mm, and its viscosity at 30 ℃ is 319 mPa·s. Some samples were printed with 3DSLR111, and their linear shrinkage and warping factor were evaluated. The linear shrinkage and the curl distortion factor are less than 0.80% and 7.30%, respectively, which indicates that the sample printed with 3DSLR111 has high accuracy, and that the synthesized diepoxycyclohexylethyl octamethyltetrasiloxane can be well applied to the preparation of the photosensitive resin for stereolithography 3D printing.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS(Grant No.CARS-24-A05)。
文摘Leaf color is directly related to altered photosynthesis.Hence,leaf yellowing mutants can be widely used for the researching plant physiology and functional genomes,for cultivating new varieties of popular horticultural plants,and for identifying hybrid purity(as markers).Here,we constructed a^(60)Co-γF_(2)population from the leaf-yellowing mutant R24 via radiation mutation with the inbred line WT21 of pepper.Genetic analysis showed that the leaf-yellowing of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene.By applying the Bulk Segregation Analysis and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR markers,the leaf-yellowing gene CaLY1(Capsicum annuum Leaf yellow 1)was mapped on chromosome 9,SNP5791587-SNP6011215,with a size of 214.5 kb.One non-synonymous mutated gene Capana09g000166 was found in the interval.The gene encoded a Psb X,which is the core complex of PSⅡ.Transcriptome analysis further showed that 2301 differentially expressed genes were identified under shading treatment for 24 h in R24.The Gene Ontology enrichment pathways were related to photosynthesis light harvesting,cell wall,activity of quercetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase and flavonoid metabolic process,which likely regulate the response of pepper leaves to different light levels.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the most abundant pathways were photosynthesis antenna proteins and metabolic.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51563017)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20142BAB206029)
文摘A novel hybrid type photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing was prepared with bisphenol A type epoxy diacrylate （EA-612）, tripropylene glycol diacrylate （TPGDA）,ethoxylated trimethyolpropane triacrylate（EO3TMPTA）, cycloaliphatic diepoxide（ERL-4221）,polycaprolactonepolyol（Polyol-0301）,1-hydroxy-cyclohphenyl ketone（Irgacure184）, and a mixture of triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate salts （Ar3SSbF6）. The novel hybrid type photosensitive resin was the photosensitive resin of an epoxy-acrylate hybrid system, which proceeded free radical polymerization and cationic polymerization in ultraviolet （UV） laser. Cuboid parts and double-cantilever parts were fabricated by using a stereolithography apparatus with the novel hybrid type photosensitive resin as the processing material,and the dimension shrinkage factor and the curl factor were tested. The shrinkage factor was less than 2.00%,and the curl factor was less than 8.00%, which showed that the accuracy of the fabricated parts was high with the photosensitive resin for stereolithography in 3D printing.
基金Funded by the New & Renewable Energy R&D Program(2009T100100606) under the Ministry of Knowledge Economy of Koreathe National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through the Human Resource Training Project for Regional Innovation
文摘The novel sulfonated polyimide membranes were successfully synthesized by thermal imidization with monomers of 4,4＇-（hexafluoroisopropylidene）diphthalic anhydride （6FDA）, 4,4＇-diamino- diphenyl ether-2,2＇-disulfonic acid （SODA） and 3,3 ＇-diaminochalcone （3DAC）. Photosensitive chalcone moiety was introduced to the main chain of copolymers, and the photocrosslinking of resulting copolymer in aqueous electrolyte was attempted. A series of sulfonated copolyimide precursors containing chalcone functional groups in the main chain were prepared with different sulfonation degrees by controlling the molar ratio of SODA, 6FDA and 3DAC. The polymer membranes were prepared from these sulfonated aromatic precursors by solution casting and subsequent thermal imidization. The crosslinking with UV irradiation was attempted in the presence or absence of distilled water. The characterizations of the resulting membrane such as the ion-exchange capacity, water absorption and ionic conductivity were performed with respect to the copolymer compositions and the photocrosslinking conditions.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DL12BA06)Harbin Science and Technology Innovation Talent Research Special Funds(2015RAQXJ002)
文摘Phototoxic treatments of pathogenic bacteria and fungi of trees induce oxidative damage that is preferable to toxic chemical treatment.Here,we used green methods to synthesize Chlorin e6 from chlorophyll a,which was extracted from crude silkworm excrement using concentrated(strong)alkali hydrolysis and acidification.The photosensitive bactericidal activities of the new chlorin were tested in vitro,and possible mechanisms of action are discussed.The results showed that Chlorin e6 can be lightactivated to have bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilis and Fusarium oxysporum,but it had little bactericidal effect in the dark.This kind of chlorin compounds has great potential as a natural phototoxic antimicrobial compound to control harmful bacteria on the leaves in forestry systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109098)the Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1432300)+4 种基金the Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Food Rapid Detection(19DZ2251300)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210735)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(21KJB430043)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the 111 Projectthe Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials。
文摘Seawater photoelectrolysis is showing huge potential in green energy conversion field,yet it is still a formidable challenge to develop one catalyst that can drive the electrolysis reaction stably,economically and efficiently.Motivated by this point,the inorganic–organic hybridization strategy is proposed to insitu construct one hierarchical electrode via concurrent electroless plating and polymerization,which assures the growth of boron-modulated nickel–cobalt oxyhydroxide nanoballs and photosensitive polyaniline nanochains on the self-supporting Ti-based foil(B-Co Ni OOH/PANI@TiO_(2)/Ti).Upon inducing photoelectric effect(PEE),the designed target electrode delivers overpotentials as low as 196 and 398 mV at 100 mA cm^(-2)for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER),respectively,corresponding to an activity enhancement by about 15%as compared to those without PEE.Inspiringly,when served as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall seawater electrolysis,it can stably maintain at 200 mA cm^(-2)with negligible decay over 72 h.Further analysis reveals that the exceptional catalytic performance can be credit to the B-CoNiOOH,polyaniline(PANI)and TiO_(2)subunit coupling-induced physically and chemically synergistic catalysis effect such as admirable composition stability,photoelectric function and adhesion capability.The finding in this contribution may trigger much more broad interest to the novel hybrid catalysts consisting of photosensitive polymer and transition metal-based electrocatalysts.
文摘A novel Ru(Ⅱ) tris-bipyridyl complex, Ru(bpy)2[bpy(CO2H)(CO2Et)][PF6]2 is prepared in a simple and convenient process. It will be an alternativ?of Ru(bpy)2bpy(CO2Et)2(PF6)2 to be used in solar cel須 as photosensitive dyes.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2006CB806000b)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No S30105)
文摘This paper studies the photosensitive effect of cerium oxide on the precipitation of Ag nanoparticles after femtosecond laser irradiating into silicate glass and successive annealing.Spectroscopy analysis and diffraction efficiency measurements show that the introduction of cerium oxide may increase the concentration of Ag atoms in the femtosecond laser-irradiated regions resulting from the photoreduction reaction Ce^3＋ ＋ Ag^＋ → Ce^4＋ ＋ Ag^0 via multiphoton excitation.These results promote the aggregation of Ag nanopartieles during the annealing process. It is also found that different concentrations of cerium oxide may influence the Ag nanoparticle precipitation in the corresponding glass.
文摘Excess loss on the short wavelength side of the Bragg resonant wavelength caused by cladding mode coupling limits wide use of grating in the fiber communication system, especially in densed wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system. A novel photosensitive fiber design that have depressed cladding and photosensitive inner cladding in the same fiber is proposed, which can suppress cladding mode coupling greatly. Using MCVD method B/Ge codoped fiber with depressed cladding was fabriceted out, which was also doped in boron and germanium and had the photosensitivity. Finally, the transmission spectrum of written grating in this fiber by phase mask method verified its larger photosensitivity and greatly suppression of cladding mode coupling.
文摘Two novel rhenium(I) 2, 2'-bipyridyl complexes, [(4,4'-di-COOEt-bipy) Re(CO)3 (NCCH3)PF6] and [(4,4'-di-COOEt-bipy) Re (CO)3 (NCS)], a model complex [(4,4'-di- COOEt-bipy) Re (CO)3 (pyridine)PF6], were synthesized. Their ground stat?electronic spectra and emission spectra were measured in acetonitrile. The MLCT absorption maximum of the complex exhibited a considerable red shift as the ligand changed from pyridine to CNCH3, or SCN.
文摘Six kinds of cerium carboxylate (CeCar(3)) and rare earth carboxylate (RECar(3), RE=La+Ce+Pr) complexes were synthesized, and the compositions and characters of these complexes were studied by elementary analysis, thermo-gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared (IR) spectroscopy and ultra violet (UV) spectroscopy. The carbonyl indexes (CI) of law density polyethylene (LDPE) films containing CeCar(3) or RECar(3) during UV photooxidation were determined by IR spectroscopy. The effects of CeCar(3) or RECar(3) on the UV photooxidation rates, viscosity and average molecular weights (M(n)) of LDPE films were studied by using CI, and their mechanisms in sensitizing photooxidation degradation of LDPE films are discussed. Results show that the lifetime of LDPE films can be controlled by adding 0.1 wt%similar to 0.3 wt% CeCar(3) complexes to LDPE films.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50673038 and 20704017)the Innovation Foundation of Jiangsu(BY2011118)
文摘A series of photosensitive random copolymers （UPDHES） were prepared by introducing acrylate groups onto the side chain of the copolymer backbone of N, N-domethyl amimethyl methacrylate （DMAEMA）, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate （HEA）, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate （EHA）, and styrene （St） （PDHES）. The molecular structure of UPDHES was characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR and GPC. The photopolymerization kinetics of UPDHES with different C=C content was investigated using real time FTIR in which it was found that the UPDHES system had notable photosensitivity. The effect of C=C content on the properties of cured films were studied by evaluating various film properties such as thermal stability, glass transition temperature and tensile properties. The thermal degradation of cured films was investigated via thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry （TGA-IR）. Thus a series of UV-curable electrodeposition coatings with good photosensitivity and mechanical properties were prepared from a low-cost photosensitive random copolymer.
文摘The rapid miniaturization of electronic devices has fueled unprecedented demand for flexible,high-performance sensors across fields ranging from medical devices to robotics.Despite advances in fabrication techniques,the development of micro-and nano-scale flexible force sensors with superior sensitivity,stability,and biocompatibility remains a formidable challenge.In this study,we developed a novel conductive photosensitive resin specifically designed for two-photon polymerization,systematically optimized its printing parameters,and improved its structural design,thereby enabling the fabrication of high-precision micro-spring force sensors(MSFS).The proposed photosensitive resin,doped with MXene nanomaterials,combines exceptional mechanical strength and conductivity,overcoming limitations of traditional materials.Using a support vector machine model in machine learning techniques,we optimized the polymerizability of the resin under varied laser parameters,achieving a predictive accuracy of 92.66%.This model significantly reduced trial-and-error in the TPP process,accelerating the discovery of ideal fabrication conditions.Finite element analysis was employed to design and simulate the performance of the MSFS,guiding structural optimization to achieve high sensitivity and mechanical stability.The fabricated MSFS demonstrated outstanding electromechanical performance,with a sensitivity coefficient of 5.65 and a fabrication accuracy within±50 nm,setting a new standard for MSFS precision.This work not only pushes the boundaries of sensor miniaturization but also introduces a scalable,efficient pathway for the rapid design and fabrication of highperformance flexible sensors.
文摘Background:Photosensitive inks are extensively employed in diverse industrial applications;however,rapid and non-destructive discrimination between ink types remains a persistent technical challenge.Conventional methods often lack the efficiency or precision required to differentiate inks from varying manufacturers and models.Aims and Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of integrating microspectrophotometry with chemometric analysis for non-destructive discrimination of photosensitive inks,addressing the need for accurate and rapid identification in practical scenarios.Materials and Methods:Spectral data within the 400-800 nm wavelength range were non-destructively collected from 50 photosensitive ink samples,representing diverse manufacturers and models,using MSP.The acquired spectral dataset was analyzed via principal component analysis(PCA),a chemometric technique,to assess its discriminative capacity.Results:PCA achieved a pairwise discrimination power of 99.67%across the 50 ink samples,as visualized through load scatter plots.This result underscores the method’s robustness in detecting subtle spectral variations arising from compositional differences among inks.Conclusion:The combination of MSP and PCA provides an efficient,non-destructive strategy for distinguishing photosensitive inks with high precision.This approach holds substantial promise for applications in forensic investigations,industrial quality control,and authentication processes requiring rapid and reliable ink differentiation.
基金supported by the Key R&D Plan of Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2022BCE026)Hubei Provincial Colleges and Universities Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Technological Innovation Team Project(No.T2020022)+1 种基金Xianning City Key Program of Science&Technology(No.2021GXYF021)the Science Development Foundation of Hubei University of Science&Technology(No.2020TD01,2022FH09).
文摘A cutting-edge method known as photocatalytic antibacterial technology can effectively eliminate drug-resistant bacterial strains and boast a wide-ranging antimicrobial capability.In the study,a novel Ag NPs/TiO_(2)/PEG/PVP(ATPP)aerogel photocatalyst was synthesized by an electron beam in-situ radiation method using polyethylene glycol(PEG),polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),AgNO_(3),and TiO_(2)as raw materials.ATPP was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and solid ultraviolet diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS).The results demonstrated that silver ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles by electron beam radiation method.At the same time,the doping of silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)enhanced visible-light adsorption.The degradation rate of methylene blue(MB)on 5%(in mass)ATPP could reach 81%under visible light for 180 min.Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)were used as model bacteria to explore the antimi-crobial properties of ATPP by zone of the inhibition method,plate counting method and live/dead bacterial staining.Cyclic antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial effect of ATPP was sustainable.Meanwhile,MTT assay and Hoechst33342/PI double staining were used to prove that the composite had good biocompatibility.The aerogel photocatalytic material has the potential to decrease microbial presence in both medical and environmental settings,making it a valuable tool for such applications.
