Photodamage continues to threaten human skin health despite worldwide sun awareness campaigns and the widespread use of sunscreens. To date, extensive research is lacking into the effects of sun avoidance and solar sp...Photodamage continues to threaten human skin health despite worldwide sun awareness campaigns and the widespread use of sunscreens. To date, extensive research is lacking into the effects of sun avoidance and solar specific skincare regimens on gene expression changes and DNA repair activity. We have previously reported that photoprotection and photorepair formulations which minimize the harmful effects of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation can provide photoprotection, anti-photoaging benefits and rejuvenating effects optically, clinically and genetically. To investigate gene expression changes, specifically antioxidant and DNA repair effects following the use of topical photoprotection and photorepair formulations (The Essential Six, RATIONALE, Victoria, Australia), we used epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts derived from a 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, and assessed upregulation of SOD2 and HPRT1. Gene expression was assessed via the Genemarkers Standard Skin Panel and quantitative real-time PCR exploration. Tissues were inoculated with solar specific topical formulations, then collected after 24 hours following application of photoprotection formulations and 16 hours following photorepair formulations. The quantitative real-time PCR revealed that, in comparison to the control, the genes encoding SOD2 and HPRT1 have been significantly up-regulated following usage of the photoprotection formulations, 1.86, and 1.41, respectively. SOD2 and HPRT1 were up-regulated following use of the photorepair formulations, 2.15, and 1.28, respectively. We were able to substantiate that the photo protection and photorepair formulations upregulated genes involved in antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms in a 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, suggesting a promising anti-photoaging skin regimen. .展开更多
Background: While sunscreen has been accepted as a mainline defence against photodamage from ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation, there appears to be a lack of research into photorepair. The concept...Background: While sunscreen has been accepted as a mainline defence against photodamage from ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation, there appears to be a lack of research into photorepair. The concept of protecting the skin during the day and repairing cellular damage at night is intuitive, yet specific strategies revolving around combinations of proven reparative active ingredients remain unelucidated. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a solar repair Formulation following ultraviolet and environmental exposure in order to improve overall skin health and appearance through three hypotheses: The Formulation increases expression of DNA repair mechanisms markers;The Formulation enhances overall skin appearance through reducing signs of inflammation, elevating hydration, reinforcing skin firmness and amplifying radiance;In-Vivo efficacy test results are aligned with measured gene expression changes. Methods: The Formulation (#6NIC1.V1.1-1) was tested for: In-vitro LDH cytotoxicity activity, In-vitro qPCR gene expression with and without ultraviolet exposure on a reconstructed 3-dimensional skin model, and In-Vivo efficacy study on a panel of 22 participants objectively and subjectively. Results: Skin radiance, firmness, hydration, redness, and inflammation are significantly improved after In-Vivo skin exposure to the Formulation and environmental challenges such as ultraviolet radiation. These outcomes were confirmed by in-vitro genetic testing on a reconstructed human skin model. Conclusion: The studies allowed us to identify and group results in four main skin functions that were significantly enhanced following the application of the Formulation: firmness, hydration, radiance and soothing.展开更多
Plants require solar energy to grow through oxygenic photosynthesis;however,when light intensity exceeds the optimal range for photosynthesis,it causes abiotic stress and physiological damage in plants.In response to ...Plants require solar energy to grow through oxygenic photosynthesis;however,when light intensity exceeds the optimal range for photosynthesis,it causes abiotic stress and physiological damage in plants.In response to high light stress,plants initiate a series of signal transduction from chloroplasts to whole cells and from locally stressed tissues to the rest of the plant body.These signals trigger a variety of physiological and biochemical reactions intended to mitigate the deleterious effects of high light intensity,such as photodamage and photoinhibition.Light stress protection mechanisms include chloroplastic Reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,chloroplast and stomatal movement,and anthocyanin production.Photosynthetic apparatuses,being the direct targets of photodamage,have also developed various acclimation processes such as thermal energy dissipation through nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ),photorepair of Photosystem II(PSII),and transcriptional regulation of photosynthetic proteins.Fluctuating light is another mild but persistent type of light stress in nature,which unfortunately has been poorly investigated.Current studies,however,suggest that state transitions and cyclic electron transport are the main adaptive mechanisms for mediating fiuctuating light stress in plants.Here,we review the current breadth of knowledge regarding physiological and biochemical responses to both high light stress and fiuctuating light stress.展开更多
文摘Photodamage continues to threaten human skin health despite worldwide sun awareness campaigns and the widespread use of sunscreens. To date, extensive research is lacking into the effects of sun avoidance and solar specific skincare regimens on gene expression changes and DNA repair activity. We have previously reported that photoprotection and photorepair formulations which minimize the harmful effects of ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation can provide photoprotection, anti-photoaging benefits and rejuvenating effects optically, clinically and genetically. To investigate gene expression changes, specifically antioxidant and DNA repair effects following the use of topical photoprotection and photorepair formulations (The Essential Six, RATIONALE, Victoria, Australia), we used epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts derived from a 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, and assessed upregulation of SOD2 and HPRT1. Gene expression was assessed via the Genemarkers Standard Skin Panel and quantitative real-time PCR exploration. Tissues were inoculated with solar specific topical formulations, then collected after 24 hours following application of photoprotection formulations and 16 hours following photorepair formulations. The quantitative real-time PCR revealed that, in comparison to the control, the genes encoding SOD2 and HPRT1 have been significantly up-regulated following usage of the photoprotection formulations, 1.86, and 1.41, respectively. SOD2 and HPRT1 were up-regulated following use of the photorepair formulations, 2.15, and 1.28, respectively. We were able to substantiate that the photo protection and photorepair formulations upregulated genes involved in antioxidant and DNA repair mechanisms in a 3-dimensional reconstructed human skin model, suggesting a promising anti-photoaging skin regimen. .
文摘Background: While sunscreen has been accepted as a mainline defence against photodamage from ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared radiation, there appears to be a lack of research into photorepair. The concept of protecting the skin during the day and repairing cellular damage at night is intuitive, yet specific strategies revolving around combinations of proven reparative active ingredients remain unelucidated. Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of a solar repair Formulation following ultraviolet and environmental exposure in order to improve overall skin health and appearance through three hypotheses: The Formulation increases expression of DNA repair mechanisms markers;The Formulation enhances overall skin appearance through reducing signs of inflammation, elevating hydration, reinforcing skin firmness and amplifying radiance;In-Vivo efficacy test results are aligned with measured gene expression changes. Methods: The Formulation (#6NIC1.V1.1-1) was tested for: In-vitro LDH cytotoxicity activity, In-vitro qPCR gene expression with and without ultraviolet exposure on a reconstructed 3-dimensional skin model, and In-Vivo efficacy study on a panel of 22 participants objectively and subjectively. Results: Skin radiance, firmness, hydration, redness, and inflammation are significantly improved after In-Vivo skin exposure to the Formulation and environmental challenges such as ultraviolet radiation. These outcomes were confirmed by in-vitro genetic testing on a reconstructed human skin model. Conclusion: The studies allowed us to identify and group results in four main skin functions that were significantly enhanced following the application of the Formulation: firmness, hydration, radiance and soothing.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFA0909600)
文摘Plants require solar energy to grow through oxygenic photosynthesis;however,when light intensity exceeds the optimal range for photosynthesis,it causes abiotic stress and physiological damage in plants.In response to high light stress,plants initiate a series of signal transduction from chloroplasts to whole cells and from locally stressed tissues to the rest of the plant body.These signals trigger a variety of physiological and biochemical reactions intended to mitigate the deleterious effects of high light intensity,such as photodamage and photoinhibition.Light stress protection mechanisms include chloroplastic Reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging,chloroplast and stomatal movement,and anthocyanin production.Photosynthetic apparatuses,being the direct targets of photodamage,have also developed various acclimation processes such as thermal energy dissipation through nonphotochemical quenching(NPQ),photorepair of Photosystem II(PSII),and transcriptional regulation of photosynthetic proteins.Fluctuating light is another mild but persistent type of light stress in nature,which unfortunately has been poorly investigated.Current studies,however,suggest that state transitions and cyclic electron transport are the main adaptive mechanisms for mediating fiuctuating light stress in plants.Here,we review the current breadth of knowledge regarding physiological and biochemical responses to both high light stress and fiuctuating light stress.
