Photocatalytic water splitting converts sunlight directly to storable H_(2),but commonly involves the use of a hole sacrificial agent and a noble metal cocatalyst,leading to the waste of energy and increasing cost.Her...Photocatalytic water splitting converts sunlight directly to storable H_(2),but commonly involves the use of a hole sacrificial agent and a noble metal cocatalyst,leading to the waste of energy and increasing cost.Herein,we report a Mo_(2)C/C/TCN heterojunction for overcoming these shortages through a combination system to realize H_(2)generation and plastic reforming at the same time.Mo_(2)C/C/TCN,consisting of thiophene-embedded polymeric carbon nitride(TCN)and molybdenum carbide anchored on graphite nanosheet(Mo_(2)C/C),was prepared via electrostatic self-assembly.In the heterojunction,TCN performed as an electron donor,Mo_(2)C acted as an electron acceptor and H_(2)evolution active center,while the graphite(C)in Mo_(2)C/C served as an electron transport medium.Owing to its hetero-structure,the visible light utilization efficiency as well as photoinduced charge separation and migration efficiency of the catalyst Mo_(2)C/C/TCN were greatly strengthened compared to the pristine polymeric carbon nitride(CN).As a result,Mo_(2)C/C/TCN exhibited satisfactory visible-light-driven waste plastic photoreforming and high H_(2)generation activity.The optimized photocatalytic H_(2)evolution rate over Mo_(2)C/C/TCN reached 188.7µmol h^(−1),which was 7.1 times of that over Pt/CN in 10 vol%triethanolamine(TEOA),far ahead of the research that has been reported.Additionally,Mo_(2)C/C/TCN exhibited adorable photoreforming efficiency of polylactic acid(PLA)and bisphenol A(BPA)under visible light.This work provides an efficient approach for lowering cost,enhancing optical absorption,and inhibiting charge recombination for higher photocatalytic performance and wilder applications.展开更多
The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a ...The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a novel dual-functional marigold-like Zn_(x)Cd_(1-x)S homojunction has been the production of lactic acid with high-yield and H_(2)with high-efficiency by selective glucose photoreforming.The optimized Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S exhibits outstanding H_(2)generation(13.64 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),glucose conversion(96.40%),and lactic acid yield(76.80%),over 272.80 and 19.21 times higher than that of bare ZnS(0.05 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and CdS(0.71 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))in H_(2)generation,respectively.The marigold-like morphology provides abundant active sites and sufficient substrates accessibility for the photocatalyst,while the specific role of the homojunction formed by hexagonal wurtzite(WZ)and cubic zinc blende(ZB)in photoreforming biomass has been demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Glucose is converted to lactic acid on the WZ surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S via the photoactive species·O_(2)^(-),while the H_(2)is evolved from protons(H^(+))in H_(2)O on the ZB surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S.This work paves a promising road for the production of sustainable energy and products by integrating photocatalysis and biorefine.展开更多
Lignocellulosic biomass photoreforming is a promising and alternative strategy for both sustainable H_(2) production and biomass valorization with infinite solar energy.However,harsh reaction conditions(high alkalinit...Lignocellulosic biomass photoreforming is a promising and alternative strategy for both sustainable H_(2) production and biomass valorization with infinite solar energy.However,harsh reaction conditions(high alkalinity or toxic organic solvents),with low biomass conversion and selectivity are often reported in literature.In this work,we report glucose photoreforming for coproduction of H_(2) and arabinose with improved selectivity under neutral condition using carbon quantum dots(CQDs)modified TiO_(2) composites.We show that the conventional CQDs fabricated by a facile one-step hydrothermal process could be endowed with novel color changing property,due to the particle aggregation under the regulation of incident light.The as-fabricated CQDs/TiO_(2) composites with certain colored CQDs could greatly improve glucose to arabinose conversion selectivity(-75%)together with efficient hydrogen evolution(up to 2.43 mmolh^(-1)g^(-1))in water.The arabinose is produced via the direct C1-C2 α-scissions mechanism with reactive oxygen species of·O_(2)^(-) and·OH,as evidenced by ^(13)C labeled glucose and the electron spin-resonance(ESR)studies,respectively.This work not only sheds new lights on CQDs assisted photobiorefinery for biomass valorization and H_(2) coproduction,but also opens the door for rationale design of different colored CQDs and their potential applications for solar energy utilization in the noble-metal-free system.展开更多
Hydrogen(H2)production from photocatalytic reforming of cellulose is a promising way for sustainable H2 to be generated.Herein,we report a systematic study of the photocatalytic reforming of cellulose over Pt/m-TiO2(i...Hydrogen(H2)production from photocatalytic reforming of cellulose is a promising way for sustainable H2 to be generated.Herein,we report a systematic study of the photocatalytic reforming of cellulose over Pt/m-TiO2(i.e.mixed TiO2,80%of anatase and 20%of rutile)catalysts in water.The optimum operation condition was established by studying the effect of Pt loading,catalyst concentration,cellulose concentration and reaction temperature on the gas production rate of H2(r(H2))and CO2(r(CO2)),suggesting an optimum operation condition at 40°C with 1.0 g·L^-1of cellulose and 0.75 g·L^-1of 0.16-Pt/m-TiO2 catalyst(with 0.16 wt%Pt loadting)to achieve a relatively sound photocatalytic performance with rH2=9.95μmol·h^-1.It is also shown that although the photoreforming of cellulose was operated at a relatively mild condition(i.e.with an UV-A lamp irradiation at40°C in the aqueous system),a low loading of Pt at^0.16 wt%on m-TiO2 could promote the H2 production effectively.Additionally,by comparing the reaction order expressed from both r(H2)(a1)and r(CO2)(a2)with respect to cellulose and water,the possible mechanism of H2 production was proposed.展开更多
Biomass photorefinery to produce fuels and valuable chemicals is a promising approach to alleviating the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.However,precisely modulating the photocatalytic conversion of biom...Biomass photorefinery to produce fuels and valuable chemicals is a promising approach to alleviating the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.However,precisely modulating the photocatalytic conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals is still challenging.Here we demonstrate a feasible strategy to selectively produce arabinose via oriented glucose oxidation to gluconic acid,followed by the decarboxylation process for C1-C2 bond cleavage.To realize this process,gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)modified carbon nitride(AuCN)is rationally designed to regulate the electron transfer behavior of pristine carbon nitride from a two-electron pathway to a single-electron pathway.This allows selective production of superoxide(·O_(2)^(-))from oxygen reduction reaction which triggers glucose oxidation into gluconic acid.In addition,the arabinose production is synergistically promoted by the improved charge separation efficiency and extended visible-light absorption via localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Au nanoparticles.This work demonstrates an example of a mechanism-guided catalyst design to improve biofuels/chemicals production from biomass photorefinery.展开更多
Biomass valorization by photoreforming approach provides a promising and alternative strategy to generate value-added chemicals and fuels.In this work,we demonstrate the selective production of lactic acid from glu-co...Biomass valorization by photoreforming approach provides a promising and alternative strategy to generate value-added chemicals and fuels.In this work,we demonstrate the selective production of lactic acid from glu-cose photoreforming over pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3) N_(4))photocatalyst.Control experiments screen the best condition for the highest yield of lactic acid,including modulating pH,catalyst loading,and reaction time.100%glucose conversion is achieved along with almost 100%lactic acid yield under the optimized con-dition.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the rate-determining step(RDS)of the overall reaction on g-C_(3) N_(4) is the conversion of pyruvaldehyde,where an electron transfer takes place.This present work provides experimental insights and theoretical understanding for selective lactic acid production from biomass photoreforming.展开更多
Dual-channel redox reaction system is advantageous for photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production when coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials,benefiting both thermodynamically and kinetically.However,e...Dual-channel redox reaction system is advantageous for photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production when coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials,benefiting both thermodynamically and kinetically.However,existing reviews primarily focus on specific oxidation reactions,such as oxidative organic synthesis and water remediation,often neglecting recent advancements in plastic upgrading,biomass conversion,and H_(2)O_(2)production,and failing to provide an in-depth discussion of catalytic mechanisms.This review addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution and waste photoreforming.It highlights waste-to-wealth design concepts,examines the challenges,advantages and diverse applications of dual-channel photocatalytic reactions,including photoreforming of biomass,alcohol,amine,plastic waste,organic pollutants,and H_(2)O_(2)production.Emphasizing improvement strategies and exploration of catalytic mechanisms,it includes advanced in-situ characterization,spin capture experiments,and DFT calculations.By identifying challenges and future directions in this field,this review provides valuable insights for designing innovative dual-channel photocatalytic systems.展开更多
Photoreforming hydrogen evolution(Pr-HE)of a water-pollutant system could simultaneously achieve efficient hydrogen production and pollutant degradation.It provides a new way to solve energy and environmental issues,b...Photoreforming hydrogen evolution(Pr-HE)of a water-pollutant system could simultaneously achieve efficient hydrogen production and pollutant degradation.It provides a new way to solve energy and environmental issues,but the poor internal charge separation still limits its performance.This work designed hetero-Janus nanofibers(HJNFs)with ordered electric field distribution and separated redox surfaces to promote Pr-HE of the water-pollutant system.Taking ZnO/NiO heterojunction as an example,the hetero-Janus structures were prepared via"Dual-channel"electrospinning and further confirmed by the element morphology analysis and asymmetric distribution of the XPS spectra.The theoretical simulation showed that Janus structures could effectively inhibit the electron trap and hole trap generation,then accelerate the directional carrier migration to the surface.Experimental investigations also confirmed that Janus structures could effectively suppress internal exciton luminescence and accelerate surface charge transfer.The Pr-HE amount and the corresponding propranolol(PRO)degradation rate of HJNFs were 7.9 and 1.5 times higher than hetero-mixed nanofibers(HMNFs).The enhancement factor of Pr-HE in water-PRO to pure water was about 3.1,but nearly zero for HMNFs.This prominent synergistic effect was due to the enhancement of charge separation and the inhibition of cascade side reaction from hetero-Janus structures.Furthermore,the synchronous Pr-HE and degradation reactions were significantly promoted by selective introducing Ag nanoparticles in one side of the HJNFs for enlarging the interfacial Fermi energy level difference.The hetero-Janus strategy offers a new perspective on designing efficient photoreforming photocatalysts for energy and environment applications.展开更多
The increasing accumulation of discarded plastics has already caused serious environmental pollution.Simple landfills and incineration will inevitably lead to the loss of the abundant carbon resources contained in pla...The increasing accumulation of discarded plastics has already caused serious environmental pollution.Simple landfills and incineration will inevitably lead to the loss of the abundant carbon resources contained in plastic waste.In contrast,photoconversion technology provides a green and sustainable solution to the global plastic waste crisis by converting plastics into hydrogen fuel and valuable chemicals.This review briefly introduces the advantages of photoconversion technology and highlights recent research progress,with a focus on photocatalyst design as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction process.It discusses in detail the degradation of typical common plastic types into hydrogen and fine chemicals via photoconversion.Additionally,it outlines future research directions,including the application of artificial intelligence in catalyst design.Although photocatalytic technology remains at the laboratory stage,with challenges in catalyst performance and industrial scalability,the potential for renewable energy generation and plastic valorization is promising.展开更多
With the rapid development of plastic production and consumption globally,the amount of post-consumer plastic waste has reached levels that have posed environmental threats.Considering the substantial CO_(2)emissions ...With the rapid development of plastic production and consumption globally,the amount of post-consumer plastic waste has reached levels that have posed environmental threats.Considering the substantial CO_(2)emissions throughout the plastic lifecycle from material production to its disposal,photocatalysis is considered a promising strategy for eff ective plastic recycling and upcycling.It can upgrade plastics into value-added products under mild conditions using solar energy,realizing zero carbon emissions.In this paper,we explain the basics of photocatalytic plastic reformation and underscores plastic feedstock reformation pathways into high-value-added products,including both degradation into CO_(2)followed by reformation and direct reformation into high-value-added products.Finally,the current applications of transforming plastic waste into fuels,chemicals,and carbon materials and the outlook on upcycling plastic waste by photocatalysis are presented,facilitating the realization of carbon neutrality and zero plastic waste.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21773074)the Shenzhen International Collaborative Project(No.GJHZ20220913143013025),the Shenzhen Peacock Plan(Grant No.20180703896C)+2 种基金the Scientific research projects of university of Guangdong Provincial Education Office(No.2024KCXTD064)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(JCYJ20220811170904003)Yang-Sen Xu thanks the Opening Project of Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroproducts Quality&Safety,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.APQSKF202301).
文摘Photocatalytic water splitting converts sunlight directly to storable H_(2),but commonly involves the use of a hole sacrificial agent and a noble metal cocatalyst,leading to the waste of energy and increasing cost.Herein,we report a Mo_(2)C/C/TCN heterojunction for overcoming these shortages through a combination system to realize H_(2)generation and plastic reforming at the same time.Mo_(2)C/C/TCN,consisting of thiophene-embedded polymeric carbon nitride(TCN)and molybdenum carbide anchored on graphite nanosheet(Mo_(2)C/C),was prepared via electrostatic self-assembly.In the heterojunction,TCN performed as an electron donor,Mo_(2)C acted as an electron acceptor and H_(2)evolution active center,while the graphite(C)in Mo_(2)C/C served as an electron transport medium.Owing to its hetero-structure,the visible light utilization efficiency as well as photoinduced charge separation and migration efficiency of the catalyst Mo_(2)C/C/TCN were greatly strengthened compared to the pristine polymeric carbon nitride(CN).As a result,Mo_(2)C/C/TCN exhibited satisfactory visible-light-driven waste plastic photoreforming and high H_(2)generation activity.The optimized photocatalytic H_(2)evolution rate over Mo_(2)C/C/TCN reached 188.7µmol h^(−1),which was 7.1 times of that over Pt/CN in 10 vol%triethanolamine(TEOA),far ahead of the research that has been reported.Additionally,Mo_(2)C/C/TCN exhibited adorable photoreforming efficiency of polylactic acid(PLA)and bisphenol A(BPA)under visible light.This work provides an efficient approach for lowering cost,enhancing optical absorption,and inhibiting charge recombination for higher photocatalytic performance and wilder applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071713)the Outstanding Youth Foundation Project of Heilongjiang Province of China(JQ2019C001)。
文摘The global commitment to pivoting to sustainable energy and products calls for technology development to utilize solar energy for hydrogen(H_(2))and value-added chemicals production by biomass photoreforming.Herein,a novel dual-functional marigold-like Zn_(x)Cd_(1-x)S homojunction has been the production of lactic acid with high-yield and H_(2)with high-efficiency by selective glucose photoreforming.The optimized Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S exhibits outstanding H_(2)generation(13.64 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1)),glucose conversion(96.40%),and lactic acid yield(76.80%),over 272.80 and 19.21 times higher than that of bare ZnS(0.05 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))and CdS(0.71 mmol h^(-1)g^(-1))in H_(2)generation,respectively.The marigold-like morphology provides abundant active sites and sufficient substrates accessibility for the photocatalyst,while the specific role of the homojunction formed by hexagonal wurtzite(WZ)and cubic zinc blende(ZB)in photoreforming biomass has been demonstrated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Glucose is converted to lactic acid on the WZ surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S via the photoactive species·O_(2)^(-),while the H_(2)is evolved from protons(H^(+))in H_(2)O on the ZB surface of Zn_(0.3)Cd_(0.7)S.This work paves a promising road for the production of sustainable energy and products by integrating photocatalysis and biorefine.
基金supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF)National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0202602).
文摘Lignocellulosic biomass photoreforming is a promising and alternative strategy for both sustainable H_(2) production and biomass valorization with infinite solar energy.However,harsh reaction conditions(high alkalinity or toxic organic solvents),with low biomass conversion and selectivity are often reported in literature.In this work,we report glucose photoreforming for coproduction of H_(2) and arabinose with improved selectivity under neutral condition using carbon quantum dots(CQDs)modified TiO_(2) composites.We show that the conventional CQDs fabricated by a facile one-step hydrothermal process could be endowed with novel color changing property,due to the particle aggregation under the regulation of incident light.The as-fabricated CQDs/TiO_(2) composites with certain colored CQDs could greatly improve glucose to arabinose conversion selectivity(-75%)together with efficient hydrogen evolution(up to 2.43 mmolh^(-1)g^(-1))in water.The arabinose is produced via the direct C1-C2 α-scissions mechanism with reactive oxygen species of·O_(2)^(-) and·OH,as evidenced by ^(13)C labeled glucose and the electron spin-resonance(ESR)studies,respectively.This work not only sheds new lights on CQDs assisted photobiorefinery for biomass valorization and H_(2) coproduction,but also opens the door for rationale design of different colored CQDs and their potential applications for solar energy utilization in the noble-metal-free system.
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC,file no.201706950035)University of Manchester joint studentship for supporting her PhD researchthe CSC for her academic visiting fellowship at The University of Manchester(file no.201708440477)the Foundation of Department of Education of Guangdong Province(No.2017KZDXM085,2018KZDXM070)。
文摘Hydrogen(H2)production from photocatalytic reforming of cellulose is a promising way for sustainable H2 to be generated.Herein,we report a systematic study of the photocatalytic reforming of cellulose over Pt/m-TiO2(i.e.mixed TiO2,80%of anatase and 20%of rutile)catalysts in water.The optimum operation condition was established by studying the effect of Pt loading,catalyst concentration,cellulose concentration and reaction temperature on the gas production rate of H2(r(H2))and CO2(r(CO2)),suggesting an optimum operation condition at 40°C with 1.0 g·L^-1of cellulose and 0.75 g·L^-1of 0.16-Pt/m-TiO2 catalyst(with 0.16 wt%Pt loadting)to achieve a relatively sound photocatalytic performance with rH2=9.95μmol·h^-1.It is also shown that although the photoreforming of cellulose was operated at a relatively mild condition(i.e.with an UV-A lamp irradiation at40°C in the aqueous system),a low loading of Pt at^0.16 wt%on m-TiO2 could promote the H2 production effectively.Additionally,by comparing the reaction order expressed from both r(H2)(a1)and r(CO2)(a2)with respect to cellulose and water,the possible mechanism of H2 production was proposed.
基金supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF)。
文摘Biomass photorefinery to produce fuels and valuable chemicals is a promising approach to alleviating the energy crisis and achieving carbon neutrality.However,precisely modulating the photocatalytic conversion of biomass into value-added chemicals is still challenging.Here we demonstrate a feasible strategy to selectively produce arabinose via oriented glucose oxidation to gluconic acid,followed by the decarboxylation process for C1-C2 bond cleavage.To realize this process,gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)modified carbon nitride(AuCN)is rationally designed to regulate the electron transfer behavior of pristine carbon nitride from a two-electron pathway to a single-electron pathway.This allows selective production of superoxide(·O_(2)^(-))from oxygen reduction reaction which triggers glucose oxidation into gluconic acid.In addition,the arabinose production is synergistically promoted by the improved charge separation efficiency and extended visible-light absorption via localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Au nanoparticles.This work demonstrates an example of a mechanism-guided catalyst design to improve biofuels/chemicals production from biomass photorefinery.
基金Supported by the Canada First Research Excellence Fund(CFREF),Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et technologies(FRQNT)New Researchers Fund(2021-NC-283234)NSERC Discovery Grant(RGPIN-2020-04960)Canada Research Chair(950-23288).
文摘Biomass valorization by photoreforming approach provides a promising and alternative strategy to generate value-added chemicals and fuels.In this work,we demonstrate the selective production of lactic acid from glu-cose photoreforming over pristine graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3) N_(4))photocatalyst.Control experiments screen the best condition for the highest yield of lactic acid,including modulating pH,catalyst loading,and reaction time.100%glucose conversion is achieved along with almost 100%lactic acid yield under the optimized con-dition.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the rate-determining step(RDS)of the overall reaction on g-C_(3) N_(4) is the conversion of pyruvaldehyde,where an electron transfer takes place.This present work provides experimental insights and theoretical understanding for selective lactic acid production from biomass photoreforming.
文摘Dual-channel redox reaction system is advantageous for photocatalytic hydrogen(H_(2))production when coupled with photoreforming oxidation of waste materials,benefiting both thermodynamically and kinetically.However,existing reviews primarily focus on specific oxidation reactions,such as oxidative organic synthesis and water remediation,often neglecting recent advancements in plastic upgrading,biomass conversion,and H_(2)O_(2)production,and failing to provide an in-depth discussion of catalytic mechanisms.This review addresses these gaps by offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dual-channel redox reactions for photocatalytic H_(2)-evolution and waste photoreforming.It highlights waste-to-wealth design concepts,examines the challenges,advantages and diverse applications of dual-channel photocatalytic reactions,including photoreforming of biomass,alcohol,amine,plastic waste,organic pollutants,and H_(2)O_(2)production.Emphasizing improvement strategies and exploration of catalytic mechanisms,it includes advanced in-situ characterization,spin capture experiments,and DFT calculations.By identifying challenges and future directions in this field,this review provides valuable insights for designing innovative dual-channel photocatalytic systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072064,51972051,62171115,and 51732003)the 111 Project(No.B13013).
文摘Photoreforming hydrogen evolution(Pr-HE)of a water-pollutant system could simultaneously achieve efficient hydrogen production and pollutant degradation.It provides a new way to solve energy and environmental issues,but the poor internal charge separation still limits its performance.This work designed hetero-Janus nanofibers(HJNFs)with ordered electric field distribution and separated redox surfaces to promote Pr-HE of the water-pollutant system.Taking ZnO/NiO heterojunction as an example,the hetero-Janus structures were prepared via"Dual-channel"electrospinning and further confirmed by the element morphology analysis and asymmetric distribution of the XPS spectra.The theoretical simulation showed that Janus structures could effectively inhibit the electron trap and hole trap generation,then accelerate the directional carrier migration to the surface.Experimental investigations also confirmed that Janus structures could effectively suppress internal exciton luminescence and accelerate surface charge transfer.The Pr-HE amount and the corresponding propranolol(PRO)degradation rate of HJNFs were 7.9 and 1.5 times higher than hetero-mixed nanofibers(HMNFs).The enhancement factor of Pr-HE in water-PRO to pure water was about 3.1,but nearly zero for HMNFs.This prominent synergistic effect was due to the enhancement of charge separation and the inhibition of cascade side reaction from hetero-Janus structures.Furthermore,the synchronous Pr-HE and degradation reactions were significantly promoted by selective introducing Ag nanoparticles in one side of the HJNFs for enlarging the interfacial Fermi energy level difference.The hetero-Janus strategy offers a new perspective on designing efficient photoreforming photocatalysts for energy and environment applications.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Distinguished Professor Project,China(Grant No.RC20240909)the Jiangsu University Foundation,China(Grant No.22JDG033).
文摘The increasing accumulation of discarded plastics has already caused serious environmental pollution.Simple landfills and incineration will inevitably lead to the loss of the abundant carbon resources contained in plastic waste.In contrast,photoconversion technology provides a green and sustainable solution to the global plastic waste crisis by converting plastics into hydrogen fuel and valuable chemicals.This review briefly introduces the advantages of photoconversion technology and highlights recent research progress,with a focus on photocatalyst design as well as the thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction process.It discusses in detail the degradation of typical common plastic types into hydrogen and fine chemicals via photoconversion.Additionally,it outlines future research directions,including the application of artificial intelligence in catalyst design.Although photocatalytic technology remains at the laboratory stage,with challenges in catalyst performance and industrial scalability,the potential for renewable energy generation and plastic valorization is promising.
基金supported by the support by the Natural Science Foundation of China projects(Nos.22225604 and 22076082)the Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter(No.63181206)Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations.
文摘With the rapid development of plastic production and consumption globally,the amount of post-consumer plastic waste has reached levels that have posed environmental threats.Considering the substantial CO_(2)emissions throughout the plastic lifecycle from material production to its disposal,photocatalysis is considered a promising strategy for eff ective plastic recycling and upcycling.It can upgrade plastics into value-added products under mild conditions using solar energy,realizing zero carbon emissions.In this paper,we explain the basics of photocatalytic plastic reformation and underscores plastic feedstock reformation pathways into high-value-added products,including both degradation into CO_(2)followed by reformation and direct reformation into high-value-added products.Finally,the current applications of transforming plastic waste into fuels,chemicals,and carbon materials and the outlook on upcycling plastic waste by photocatalysis are presented,facilitating the realization of carbon neutrality and zero plastic waste.
