In recent times,solar energy has become one of the largest available sources of renewable energy at our disposal.However,the design of highly efficient solar cells is increasingly becoming crucial as there has been a ...In recent times,solar energy has become one of the largest available sources of renewable energy at our disposal.However,the design of highly efficient solar cells is increasingly becoming crucial as there has been a surge for economically viable alternative energy sources with the lowest cost.Significant advances have been made through different routes to make photovoltaic(PV)/solar technologies economically viable,eco-friendly and consequently scalable.As a result,cellulose nanomaterials have become one of the emerging technologies in this regard because of the advantages of high-value bio-based nanostructured materials,such as their abundance and sustainability.Nanocellulose-based photoactive nanocomposite materials can be made by integrating conducting photoactive and electroconductive materials with hydrophilic biocompatible cellulose.Inorganic nanoparticles,such as graphene/reduced graphene oxide cadmium sulphide quantum dots,amongst others,can be introduced into the nanocellulose matrix and can be applied either as charge transporters or photoactive materials in different types of solar cells.Thus,in this review,we highlight the optoelectronic properties of different photoactive materials,particularly nanocellulose-based graphene nanocomposites;their efficiencies and drawbacks were X-rayed.The effect of doping each PV material on the PV performance is also discussed.It is anticipated that the novel material would result in a reduction in the cost of solar cells,jointly enhancing their efficacy in generating environmentally friendly electricity.Since the fabrication techniques and equipment play a crucial role in the development of solar cells,the fabrication techniques of bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)cells containing a nanocellulose-based graphene composite and case studies of already fabricated BHJ PV cells with nanocellulose-based graphene composite are discussed.展开更多
Energy disorder is an important factor that affects charge transport,recombination,and energy loss in organic solar cells.Here,we designed a ladder-type nonfullerene acceptor and studied the critical role of energy di...Energy disorder is an important factor that affects charge transport,recombination,and energy loss in organic solar cells.Here,we designed a ladder-type nonfullerene acceptor and studied the critical role of energy disorder in photovoltaic performance.Taking a typical seven-member fused ring acceptor IT-4F as an example,we replaced its sp3-hybridized bridging carbon atoms and linked bulky groups with triisopropylbenzene-substituted pyrrole units.The newly synthesized acceptor 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((3,9-bis(2-butyloctyl)-6,12-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-6,12-dihydrothieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-f]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,8-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(TBB)has a redshifted absorption spectrum with upshifted energy levels than those of IT-4F.More importantly,TBB shows more suppressed energy disorder,which leads to enhanced charge mobility and improved luminescence efficiency.Consequently,TBB-based devices obtained a power conversion efficiency of 16.2%with a relatively low nonradiative energy loss(0.22 eV),which exceeds that of IT-4F-based devices(11.5%)and is one of the top values among non-Y6 systems.This work demonstrates that rational molecular design is crucial for the suppression of energy disorder.展开更多
文摘In recent times,solar energy has become one of the largest available sources of renewable energy at our disposal.However,the design of highly efficient solar cells is increasingly becoming crucial as there has been a surge for economically viable alternative energy sources with the lowest cost.Significant advances have been made through different routes to make photovoltaic(PV)/solar technologies economically viable,eco-friendly and consequently scalable.As a result,cellulose nanomaterials have become one of the emerging technologies in this regard because of the advantages of high-value bio-based nanostructured materials,such as their abundance and sustainability.Nanocellulose-based photoactive nanocomposite materials can be made by integrating conducting photoactive and electroconductive materials with hydrophilic biocompatible cellulose.Inorganic nanoparticles,such as graphene/reduced graphene oxide cadmium sulphide quantum dots,amongst others,can be introduced into the nanocellulose matrix and can be applied either as charge transporters or photoactive materials in different types of solar cells.Thus,in this review,we highlight the optoelectronic properties of different photoactive materials,particularly nanocellulose-based graphene nanocomposites;their efficiencies and drawbacks were X-rayed.The effect of doping each PV material on the PV performance is also discussed.It is anticipated that the novel material would result in a reduction in the cost of solar cells,jointly enhancing their efficacy in generating environmentally friendly electricity.Since the fabrication techniques and equipment play a crucial role in the development of solar cells,the fabrication techniques of bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)cells containing a nanocellulose-based graphene composite and case studies of already fabricated BHJ PV cells with nanocellulose-based graphene composite are discussed.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22122905,22075301,and 52120105005)H.Yao was supported by the Startup Research Fund of Southeast University(grant no.RF1028623263).
文摘Energy disorder is an important factor that affects charge transport,recombination,and energy loss in organic solar cells.Here,we designed a ladder-type nonfullerene acceptor and studied the critical role of energy disorder in photovoltaic performance.Taking a typical seven-member fused ring acceptor IT-4F as an example,we replaced its sp3-hybridized bridging carbon atoms and linked bulky groups with triisopropylbenzene-substituted pyrrole units.The newly synthesized acceptor 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((3,9-bis(2-butyloctyl)-6,12-bis(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)-6,12-dihydrothieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-f]thieno[2′,3′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,8-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile(TBB)has a redshifted absorption spectrum with upshifted energy levels than those of IT-4F.More importantly,TBB shows more suppressed energy disorder,which leads to enhanced charge mobility and improved luminescence efficiency.Consequently,TBB-based devices obtained a power conversion efficiency of 16.2%with a relatively low nonradiative energy loss(0.22 eV),which exceeds that of IT-4F-based devices(11.5%)and is one of the top values among non-Y6 systems.This work demonstrates that rational molecular design is crucial for the suppression of energy disorder.
