Two photolabile amphiphilic supramolecules were designed and synthesized with mono-dendrite and tri-dendrite, which can reversibly self-assemble to spheroid and wedge-shaped nanoparticles. With multiple branches of te...Two photolabile amphiphilic supramolecules were designed and synthesized with mono-dendrite and tri-dendrite, which can reversibly self-assemble to spheroid and wedge-shaped nanoparticles. With multiple branches of terminal amine labeled PEG, these nanoparticles can associate with a negatively charged oligonucleotide and their usage for oligonucleotide delivery was evaluated. Oligonucleotide/nanoparticle complex containing tri-dendrite can efficiently deliver oligonucleotide into cells via endocytosis, while the complex containing mono-dendrite almost lost their ability to deliver oligonucleotide. Further light activation triggered the dissociation of tri-dendrite supramolecular assembly via 1,4- and 1,6-quinone-methide rearrangement, leading to the efficient unpacking of the oligonucleotide in cells.展开更多
Semi-insulating gallium arsenide （GaAs） photoconductive semiconductor switches （PCSS） have great potential for high voltage switching application, however, the utility is restricted by surface flashover which wouI...Semi-insulating gallium arsenide （GaAs） photoconductive semiconductor switches （PCSS） have great potential for high voltage switching application, however, the utility is restricted by surface flashover which wouId result in breakdown. In this paper, a model of photo-activated charge wave was proposed based on the theory of photo-activated charge domain （PACD） in GaAs PCSS, and moderate suppression of PACD formation by loading the semiconductor surface with dielectric material was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Current as high as 3.7 kA was obtained at 28 kV, implying that this method can effectively inhibit the surface flashover and improve the service life of DC charged GaAs PCSS.展开更多
Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, has attracted significant attention in the field of cancer therapy due to its unique mechanism of cell death. To meet the demands of ferr...Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, has attracted significant attention in the field of cancer therapy due to its unique mechanism of cell death. To meet the demands of ferroptosis-mediated cancer treatment, several small molecule-based drugs have been reported for the implementation of ferroptosis. However, some cancer cells are inherently resistant to these drugs, and the lack of selectivity of these drugs against cancer cells can limit their clinical application. Recent advancements in light-mediated biomedical techniques offer a promising alternative for the development of ferroptotic therapy, that is photo-controlled activation of ferroptosis. In this review, we systematically summarize the current strategies for photo-controlled ferroptosis activation and detail analysis of the underlying mechanisms of those photo-controlled ferroptotic therapies. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with photo-activated ferroptosis and provide an outlook on the future developments in ferroptotic cancer therapy.展开更多
Phototherapy has emerged as a promising modality in modern medicine,attracting significant attention due to its non-invasiveness,exceptional spatiotemporal controllability,and reduced side effects.Advanced technologie...Phototherapy has emerged as a promising modality in modern medicine,attracting significant attention due to its non-invasiveness,exceptional spatiotemporal controllability,and reduced side effects.Advanced technologies have been developed in phototherapy,encompassing three main approaches:photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,and photoactivatable prodrug-based therapy.In this review,we present photosensitizers,photothermal agents,and photoactivatable prodrugs,along with photo-responsive carriers used in therapy.Subsequently,we discuss the advantages of phototherapy in combating cancer,infections,and other diseases.Additionally,we highlight the benefits of combining phototherapy with other treatments,as single-mode therapeutic modalities often fail to achieve satisfactory efficiency.Finally,we address the current challenges in developing effective phototherapy agents,particularly regarding their clinical applications.We believe that advancements in phototherapy will promote non-invasive theranostic techniques for clinical studies.展开更多
Titanium dioxide （TiO2） is a widely used photocatalyst that has been demonstrated for microorganism disinfection in drinking water. In this study, a new material with a novel structure, silver and copper loaded TiO2...Titanium dioxide （TiO2） is a widely used photocatalyst that has been demonstrated for microorganism disinfection in drinking water. In this study, a new material with a novel structure, silver and copper loaded TiO2 nanowire membrane （Cu-Ag-TiO2） was prepared and evaluated for its efficiency to inactivate E. coli and bacteriophage MS2. Enhanced photo-activated bactericidal and virucidal activities were obtained by the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane than by the TiO2, Ag-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2 membranes under both dark and UV light illumination. The better performance was attributed to the synergies of enhanced membrane photoacfivity by loading silver and copper on the membrane and the synergistic effect between the free silver and copper ions in water. At the end of a 30 min test of dead- end filtration under 254 nm UV irradiation, the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane was able to obtain an E. coli removal of 7.68 log and bacteriophage Ms2 removal of 4.02 log, which have met the US EPA standard. The free metal ions coming offthe membrane have concentrations of less than 10 ppb in the water effluent, far below the US EPA maximum contaminant level for silver and copper ions in drinking water. Therefore, the photo-activated disinfection by the Cu-Ag-Ti02 membrane is a viable technique for meeting drinking water treatment standards of microbiological water purifiers.展开更多
Experiments with the limited space-charge accumulation（LSA） mode of oscillation in a large gap semiinsulating （SI） GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch（PCSS） are discussed.It has been observed that growth a...Experiments with the limited space-charge accumulation（LSA） mode of oscillation in a large gap semiinsulating （SI） GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch（PCSS） are discussed.It has been observed that growth and drift of a photo-activated charge domain（PACD） are quenched only when the bias voltage is more than twice the threshold voltage.The original negative resistance characteristics are directly utilized in the LSA mode;during LSA operation the spatial average of the electric field varies over a large portion of the negative differential mobility region of the velocity-electric field characteristic.The work efficiency of an SI GaAs PCSS is remarkably enhanced by electric field excursions into the positive resistance region when the total electric field is only below the threshold part of the time.The LSA mode can only operate in the certain conditions that satisfy the quenching of the accumulation layer and the smaller initial domain voltage.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21372018)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2013CB933800)+1 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-10-0203)the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology(Grant No.KF-GN-201305)
文摘Two photolabile amphiphilic supramolecules were designed and synthesized with mono-dendrite and tri-dendrite, which can reversibly self-assemble to spheroid and wedge-shaped nanoparticles. With multiple branches of terminal amine labeled PEG, these nanoparticles can associate with a negatively charged oligonucleotide and their usage for oligonucleotide delivery was evaluated. Oligonucleotide/nanoparticle complex containing tri-dendrite can efficiently deliver oligonucleotide into cells via endocytosis, while the complex containing mono-dendrite almost lost their ability to deliver oligonucleotide. Further light activation triggered the dissociation of tri-dendrite supramolecular assembly via 1,4- and 1,6-quinone-methide rearrangement, leading to the efficient unpacking of the oligonucleotide in cells.
基金supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50837005)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.10876026,51107099)+3 种基金the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation for Power Equipment (No.EIPE09203)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2010JM7003)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(No.11JK0540)the Foundation for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation of Xi'an University of Technology(105-210904)
文摘Semi-insulating gallium arsenide （GaAs） photoconductive semiconductor switches （PCSS） have great potential for high voltage switching application, however, the utility is restricted by surface flashover which wouId result in breakdown. In this paper, a model of photo-activated charge wave was proposed based on the theory of photo-activated charge domain （PACD） in GaAs PCSS, and moderate suppression of PACD formation by loading the semiconductor surface with dielectric material was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Current as high as 3.7 kA was obtained at 28 kV, implying that this method can effectively inhibit the surface flashover and improve the service life of DC charged GaAs PCSS.
基金financial support received from the National Research Foundation of Korea(CRI project no.2018R1A3B1052702,J.S.K)L.Y.thanks the China Scholarship Fund(CSC number 201907030009).
文摘Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of non-apoptotic programmed cell death, has attracted significant attention in the field of cancer therapy due to its unique mechanism of cell death. To meet the demands of ferroptosis-mediated cancer treatment, several small molecule-based drugs have been reported for the implementation of ferroptosis. However, some cancer cells are inherently resistant to these drugs, and the lack of selectivity of these drugs against cancer cells can limit their clinical application. Recent advancements in light-mediated biomedical techniques offer a promising alternative for the development of ferroptotic therapy, that is photo-controlled activation of ferroptosis. In this review, we systematically summarize the current strategies for photo-controlled ferroptosis activation and detail analysis of the underlying mechanisms of those photo-controlled ferroptotic therapies. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with photo-activated ferroptosis and provide an outlook on the future developments in ferroptotic cancer therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22234003,22325401,22074036,22404128)the Program of Excellent Doctor of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (ZNYB2022009)+2 种基金the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Science,Technology and Innovation Seed Fund (CXPY2023027)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2023A1515110867)the National Research Foundation of Korea for the grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2022R1A2C3005420)。
文摘Phototherapy has emerged as a promising modality in modern medicine,attracting significant attention due to its non-invasiveness,exceptional spatiotemporal controllability,and reduced side effects.Advanced technologies have been developed in phototherapy,encompassing three main approaches:photodynamic therapy,photothermal therapy,and photoactivatable prodrug-based therapy.In this review,we present photosensitizers,photothermal agents,and photoactivatable prodrugs,along with photo-responsive carriers used in therapy.Subsequently,we discuss the advantages of phototherapy in combating cancer,infections,and other diseases.Additionally,we highlight the benefits of combining phototherapy with other treatments,as single-mode therapeutic modalities often fail to achieve satisfactory efficiency.Finally,we address the current challenges in developing effective phototherapy agents,particularly regarding their clinical applications.We believe that advancements in phototherapy will promote non-invasive theranostic techniques for clinical studies.
文摘Titanium dioxide （TiO2） is a widely used photocatalyst that has been demonstrated for microorganism disinfection in drinking water. In this study, a new material with a novel structure, silver and copper loaded TiO2 nanowire membrane （Cu-Ag-TiO2） was prepared and evaluated for its efficiency to inactivate E. coli and bacteriophage MS2. Enhanced photo-activated bactericidal and virucidal activities were obtained by the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane than by the TiO2, Ag-TiO2 and Cu-TiO2 membranes under both dark and UV light illumination. The better performance was attributed to the synergies of enhanced membrane photoacfivity by loading silver and copper on the membrane and the synergistic effect between the free silver and copper ions in water. At the end of a 30 min test of dead- end filtration under 254 nm UV irradiation, the Cu-Ag-TiO2 membrane was able to obtain an E. coli removal of 7.68 log and bacteriophage Ms2 removal of 4.02 log, which have met the US EPA standard. The free metal ions coming offthe membrane have concentrations of less than 10 ppb in the water effluent, far below the US EPA maximum contaminant level for silver and copper ions in drinking water. Therefore, the photo-activated disinfection by the Cu-Ag-Ti02 membrane is a viable technique for meeting drinking water treatment standards of microbiological water purifiers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50837005,11204264)the Research Fund for Doctors of Xinjiang Normal University(No.XJNUBS 1220)the Research Fund for the Outstanding Young Teacher of Xinjiang Normal University (No.XJNU1214)
文摘Experiments with the limited space-charge accumulation（LSA） mode of oscillation in a large gap semiinsulating （SI） GaAs photoconductive semiconductor switch（PCSS） are discussed.It has been observed that growth and drift of a photo-activated charge domain（PACD） are quenched only when the bias voltage is more than twice the threshold voltage.The original negative resistance characteristics are directly utilized in the LSA mode;during LSA operation the spatial average of the electric field varies over a large portion of the negative differential mobility region of the velocity-electric field characteristic.The work efficiency of an SI GaAs PCSS is remarkably enhanced by electric field excursions into the positive resistance region when the total electric field is only below the threshold part of the time.The LSA mode can only operate in the certain conditions that satisfy the quenching of the accumulation layer and the smaller initial domain voltage.
