Background:Due to the widespread use of cell phone devices today,numerous re-search studies have focused on the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation on human neuropsychological and reproductive systems.In most...Background:Due to the widespread use of cell phone devices today,numerous re-search studies have focused on the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation on human neuropsychological and reproductive systems.In most studies,oxidative stress has been identified as the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves.This paper aims to provide a holistic review of the protective effects of melatonin against cell phone-induced electromag-netic waves on various organs.Methods:This study is a systematic review of articles chosen by searching Google Scholar,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,and Science Direct using the key-words‘melatonin’,‘cell phone radiation’,and‘animal model’.The search focused on articles written in English,which were reviewed and evaluated.The PRISMA process was used to review the articles chosen for the study,and the JBI checklist was used to check the quality of the reviewed articles.Results:In the final review of 11 valid quality-checked articles,the effects of me-latonin in the intervention group,the effects of electromagnetic waves in the case group,and the amount of melatonin in the chosen organ,i.e.brain,skin,eyes,testis and the kidney were thoroughly examined.The review showed that electromagnetic waves increase cellular anti-oxidative activity in different tissues such as the brain,the skin,the eyes,the testis,and the kidneys.Melatonin can considerably augment the anti-oxidative system of cells and protect tissues;these measurements were sig-nificantly increased in control groups.Electromagnetic waves can induce tissue atro-phy and cell death in various organs including the brain and the skin and this effect was highly decreased by melatonin.Conclusion:Our review confirms that melatonin effectively protects the organs of an-imal models against electromagnetic waves.In light of this conclusion and the current world-wide use of melatonin,future studies should advance to the stages of human clinical trials.We also recommend that more research in the field of melatonin physi-ology is conducted in order to protect exposed cells from dying and that melatonin should be considered as a pharmaceutical option for treating the complications result-ing from electromagnetic waves in humans.展开更多
1 Do you have a smartphone?How well do you think you'd cope if someone took it from you for three weeks?This was the challenge that 26 pupils at a school in Colchester,England,recently faced as part of an experime...1 Do you have a smartphone?How well do you think you'd cope if someone took it from you for three weeks?This was the challenge that 26 pupils at a school in Colchester,England,recently faced as part of an experiment to find out how living without a phone would affect them.展开更多
There are many kinds of cellphones on the market.Which one do you like best?I think cellphones should be able to be used in many ways apart from simply calling and sending text messages.It should be easy for me to wat...There are many kinds of cellphones on the market.Which one do you like best?I think cellphones should be able to be used in many ways apart from simply calling and sending text messages.It should be easy for me to watch videos and surf the Internet with them.In this way,I could read the latest news at home and abroad.展开更多
The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed properly.This makes the evaluation ...The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed properly.This makes the evaluation of environmental impact from electronics an essentially important task for the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end-of-life management of electronic products.This study presented a quantitative investigation on the environmental performance of typical electronics.Two types of disposed mobile...展开更多
BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthopedic surgery.Recent efforts to identify sources of contamination in the operating rooms have implicated mobile phones.AI...BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthopedic surgery.Recent efforts to identify sources of contamination in the operating rooms have implicated mobile phones.AIM To investigate microbial colonization on the mobile phones of health care professionals in the orthopedic operating room.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving culture and sensitivity analysis of swabs taken from the mobile phones of orthopedic and anesthesia attendings,residents,technicians and nurses working in the orthopedic operating rooms over a period of two months.Demographic and cell phone related factors were recorded using a questionnaire and the factors associated with contamination were analyzed.RESULTS Ninety-three of 100 mobile phones were contaminated.Species isolated were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(62%),Micrococcus(41%)and Bacillus(26%).The risk of contamination was increased with mobile covers and cracked screens and decreased by cell phone cleaning.CONCLUSION Mobile phones belonging to health care workers are frequently contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with the potential of transferring drug resistance to nosocomial pathogens.Studies investigating the relationship to surgical site infections need to be conducted.The concept of"mobile hygiene"involving the change of mobile covers,replacement of cracked screens or even wiping the phone with an alcohol swab could yield the cost-effective balance that contaminated cell phones deserve until they are established as a direct cause of surgical site infections.展开更多
This paper presents a microscopic traffic simulation-based method for urban traffic state estimation using Assisted Global Positioning System (A-GPS) mobile phones. In this approach, real-time location data are collec...This paper presents a microscopic traffic simulation-based method for urban traffic state estimation using Assisted Global Positioning System (A-GPS) mobile phones. In this approach, real-time location data are collected by A-GPS mobile phones to track vehicles traveling on urban roads. In addition, tracking data obtained from individual mobile probes are aggregated to provide estimations of average road link speeds along rolling time periods. Moreover, the estimated average speeds are classified to different traffic condition levels, which are prepared for displaying a real-time traffic map on mobile phones. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which are fundamental for the subsequent development of a system demonstrator.展开更多
Since microspeakers are widely used in mobile phones,high power is usually applied to obtain sufficient output sound pressure.However,the electric power is almost converted into heat,leading to the thermal problem in ...Since microspeakers are widely used in mobile phones,high power is usually applied to obtain sufficient output sound pressure.However,the electric power is almost converted into heat,leading to the thermal problem in microspeakers.Compared with large loudspeaker,microspeakers are smaller and the under yoke is relatively closed,causing the heat transfer more complex.In this study,a three-stage nonlinear thermal model was proposed for analyzing the thermal behavior in microspeakers.The inside air is a buffer area between the voice coil and magnet,and modeled as a middle stage of the heat transfer.The forced convection is still significant in microspeakers while the eddy current can be ignored.In order to obtain the thermal parameters of the model,a corresponding parameter identification method was put forward.The basic linear parameters and forced convection parameters were all obtained by measuring and fitting the temperature curves of voice coil at different single tones.A series of experiments were conducted to verify the proposed model and parameter identification method,and the results showed good aggrement between the measured and predicted temperature curves for different input signals.The proposed model was valid and accurate,and may be helpful for the design and application of microspeakers.展开更多
Mobile use of new media has played an important role in the healthy development of college students and provided convenient conditions whether in learning or school life,which also brings a new educational platform an...Mobile use of new media has played an important role in the healthy development of college students and provided convenient conditions whether in learning or school life,which also brings a new educational platform and opportunities for college ideological and political education.From the perspective of dialectical unity, this paper first analyzes the educational function of smart phones,than focuses on the opportunities and challenges for the ideological and political education brought by the smartphone.Results of this study will play a certain reference level to imorove the ideological and oolitical education.展开更多
In this paper, we present one method to attack on the GMR-2 algorithm used in satellite phone under the chosen-plaintexts. First using the relationship of the rows of the two s-boxes and outputs of the F coordinate, w...In this paper, we present one method to attack on the GMR-2 algorithm used in satellite phone under the chosen-plaintexts. First using the relationship of the rows of the two s-boxes and outputs of the F coordinate, we attack on the GMR-2 algorithm. Then we deduce the happening probability of read-collision, and analyze its mathematical expectation. Finally, combining with the read-collision, we present an improved method to attack on the GMR-2 algorithm. The research results show that the complexity of the improved algorithm is about 220, and the session key Kc can be recovered in about 0.3 seconds. Compared with the available method, our method takes less time than the guess-and-decide attack method which is 700 s.展开更多
This article first discusses the strengths and features of ZTE' s mobile phones, following an introduction of the history of ZTE's development of mobile phones. It also shows a clear picture of ZTE's devel...This article first discusses the strengths and features of ZTE' s mobile phones, following an introduction of the history of ZTE's development of mobile phones. It also shows a clear picture of ZTE's development of the WCDMA terminals and its first WCDMA phone F808. At the end, it gives an opinion on 3G terminals in 2005.展开更多
With the increasing use of electronic gadgets, the effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality have been reported. This study evaluated the capacity of seminal antioxidants to protect spermatozoa from the effect...With the increasing use of electronic gadgets, the effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality have been reported. This study evaluated the capacity of seminal antioxidants to protect spermatozoa from the effects of exposure to non-ionizing cellular phone radiation on markers of semen quality and DNA integrity in an in-vitro model. A total of seventy-three (73) patients attending a fertility centre in Sakumono, Tema metropolis were recruited for this study. About 2 - 3 mls of freshly ejaculated semen was neatly collected by masturbation with consent and analysed according to the 2010 WHO standard semen analysis. A portion of Semen was exposed to non-ionizing cellular phone radiation for three (3) hours. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were determined before and after exposure. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.00 and Graph pad prism. DFI was positively associated with immobility (r = 0.233;p = 0.05) and negatively associated with percentage progressive motility (r = -0.258;p = 0.028), percentage total motility (r = -0.233;p = 0.05) and SOD levels (r = -0.270;p = 0.028). There was a significant positive linear relationship between SOD and progressive motility (r = 0.451;p < 0.0001), vitality (r = 0.725;p < 0.0001) and total motility (r = 0.705, p = 0.05). Higher seminal SOD level is protective against the damaging effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality.展开更多
Use of Electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, computers/laptops constitutes an integral part of human day-to-day activity in offices and businesses. Therefore, their use cannot be stopped. These electronic gadgets ...Use of Electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, computers/laptops constitutes an integral part of human day-to-day activity in offices and businesses. Therefore, their use cannot be stopped. These electronic gadgets emit electromagnetic radiations, which are believed to be hazardous to human health. World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group B). The Enviro Chip developed by Synergy Environics, India, is a radiation harmonizing chip which when fixed on electronic gadgets at specific locations claims to reduce stress level by reducing the pulse rate of users which may also result in improvement of other health parameters. In this study, we have tested the ability of the Enviro Chip to reduce pulse rate of people who may have developed high pulse rate due to prolonged use of electronic gadgets. This was the double blind crossover study conducted in 205 healthy volunteers having an average pulse rate of above 82 per Minute at Max Healthcare India. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the change in pulse rate over 14 measurements with the use of both the Enviro Chip and a Dummy chip from average pulse rate at baseline without the Placebo effect. The secondary objective was to evaluate the change in pulse rate gender-wise. Data analysis was done using Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. The study demonstrated statistical significant reduction in pulse rate over 14 measurements with the use of Enviro Chip in both male and female healthy volunteers展开更多
Brain tissue plays a significant role in both cognitive and psychomotor behavior of humans. However, their interaction with radiation emanating from hand held mobile devices is still not fully understood. This researc...Brain tissue plays a significant role in both cognitive and psychomotor behavior of humans. However, their interaction with radiation emanating from hand held mobile devices is still not fully understood. This research was aimed at investigating radiation absorption in brain tissue. Bovine brain tissues ranging from lesser than 1 year to greater than 10 years of age were bought from a specialty store (Sigma-Aldrich). The tissues were used within 72 h of extraction for ex vivo brain experiments. The brain tissue was stored at 6°C and then 16°C for 24 h in the MRI room to reach thermal equilibrium before any experiments were undertaken. The averages for the dielectric constant were measured from 1 - 4 GHz using open ended coaxial probe (OECP) (85,070E;Agilent Technologies). The results obtained for the dielectric properties were then used as raw data in the numerical computation and simulation of the radiation absorption by the brain tissues for both adolescent and adults bovine brain tissue using finite element method (FEM). The measured dielectric constants varied for the different brain tissue from 54.39 to 39.29. Analysis showed that adolescents tissue absorbed more radiation than adults from mobile phoneradiation which is due to the higher dielectric property of adolescent brain tissue. The results obtained can be applied to human brain tissue since bovine shares the same compositional properties with humans.展开更多
Background: Many studies revealed that devices like stethoscope, mobile phones can act as an important source of microbes capable of causing nosocomial infections. Hence there is need of defining their role in spreadi...Background: Many studies revealed that devices like stethoscope, mobile phones can act as an important source of microbes capable of causing nosocomial infections. Hence there is need of defining their role in spreading infection, so that we can take some preventive measures against it. Aims: To screen the mobile phones of resident doctors and perform microbeological study of the organisms isolated. Setting: Resident doctors working at Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: Swabs of 50 mobile phones of resident doctors were taken by sterile cotton swab and inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabaraud’s dextrose agar. Isolated organisms were processed according to standard protocol. Results: Swabs of mobile phones of 50 resident doctors were analyzed for presence of micro-organisms. Out of the 50 samples, 30 (60%) were contaminated with micro-organisms. 32 micro-organisms were isolated from 50 mobile phones as shown in table 3. Among 32 isolates, Coagulase negative Staphylococci 23 (71.87%) was the dominant organism followed by Diphtheroids 7 (21.87%), Aspergillus niger 2 (6.25%). Also proportion of contamination of mobile phones of male resident doctors was more than female resident doctors. Conclusion: Mobile phones may act as a potential source of micro-organisms and spread nosocomial infections. Hence proper infection control practices like proper hand washing, decontamination of mobiles should be routinely practiced.展开更多
ZTE, TMN and Microsoft have jointly launched two new 3.5G smart phones in Portugal. The SilverBelt and BlueBelt II handsets feature the WindowsR phone operating system which brings together the mobile phone,
With the purpose of reducing the influence of background noise on the call quality of mobile phones, background noise suppression circuit is designed based on the principle of self-adaptive noise cancellation. Because...With the purpose of reducing the influence of background noise on the call quality of mobile phones, background noise suppression circuit is designed based on the principle of self-adaptive noise cancellation. Because this method is not involved in the nature of the noise itself, it can be used both for stationary noise cancellation and quasi-stationary noise cancellation. The working principle and circuit design of the system are introduced in detail. Simulated experiment was conducted in the lab, and its experimental results were analyzed. The experimental results show that the circuit works well with low cost, and has a broad prospect of application and popularization.展开更多
基金Deputy for Research and Technology,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences,Grant/Award Number:4030031。
文摘Background:Due to the widespread use of cell phone devices today,numerous re-search studies have focused on the adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation on human neuropsychological and reproductive systems.In most studies,oxidative stress has been identified as the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying the harmful effects of electromagnetic waves.This paper aims to provide a holistic review of the protective effects of melatonin against cell phone-induced electromag-netic waves on various organs.Methods:This study is a systematic review of articles chosen by searching Google Scholar,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,Web of Science,and Science Direct using the key-words‘melatonin’,‘cell phone radiation’,and‘animal model’.The search focused on articles written in English,which were reviewed and evaluated.The PRISMA process was used to review the articles chosen for the study,and the JBI checklist was used to check the quality of the reviewed articles.Results:In the final review of 11 valid quality-checked articles,the effects of me-latonin in the intervention group,the effects of electromagnetic waves in the case group,and the amount of melatonin in the chosen organ,i.e.brain,skin,eyes,testis and the kidney were thoroughly examined.The review showed that electromagnetic waves increase cellular anti-oxidative activity in different tissues such as the brain,the skin,the eyes,the testis,and the kidneys.Melatonin can considerably augment the anti-oxidative system of cells and protect tissues;these measurements were sig-nificantly increased in control groups.Electromagnetic waves can induce tissue atro-phy and cell death in various organs including the brain and the skin and this effect was highly decreased by melatonin.Conclusion:Our review confirms that melatonin effectively protects the organs of an-imal models against electromagnetic waves.In light of this conclusion and the current world-wide use of melatonin,future studies should advance to the stages of human clinical trials.We also recommend that more research in the field of melatonin physi-ology is conducted in order to protect exposed cells from dying and that melatonin should be considered as a pharmaceutical option for treating the complications result-ing from electromagnetic waves in humans.
文摘1 Do you have a smartphone?How well do you think you'd cope if someone took it from you for three weeks?This was the challenge that 26 pupils at a school in Colchester,England,recently faced as part of an experiment to find out how living without a phone would affect them.
文摘There are many kinds of cellphones on the market.Which one do you like best?I think cellphones should be able to be used in many ways apart from simply calling and sending text messages.It should be easy for me to watch videos and surf the Internet with them.In this way,I could read the latest news at home and abroad.
文摘The electronic waste (e-waste) is increasingly flooding Asia,especially China.E-waste could precipitate a growing volume of toxic input to the local environment if it was not handed properly.This makes the evaluation of environmental impact from electronics an essentially important task for the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the end-of-life management of electronic products.This study presented a quantitative investigation on the environmental performance of typical electronics.Two types of disposed mobile...
文摘BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthopedic surgery.Recent efforts to identify sources of contamination in the operating rooms have implicated mobile phones.AIM To investigate microbial colonization on the mobile phones of health care professionals in the orthopedic operating room.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving culture and sensitivity analysis of swabs taken from the mobile phones of orthopedic and anesthesia attendings,residents,technicians and nurses working in the orthopedic operating rooms over a period of two months.Demographic and cell phone related factors were recorded using a questionnaire and the factors associated with contamination were analyzed.RESULTS Ninety-three of 100 mobile phones were contaminated.Species isolated were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(62%),Micrococcus(41%)and Bacillus(26%).The risk of contamination was increased with mobile covers and cracked screens and decreased by cell phone cleaning.CONCLUSION Mobile phones belonging to health care workers are frequently contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with the potential of transferring drug resistance to nosocomial pathogens.Studies investigating the relationship to surgical site infections need to be conducted.The concept of"mobile hygiene"involving the change of mobile covers,replacement of cracked screens or even wiping the phone with an alcohol swab could yield the cost-effective balance that contaminated cell phones deserve until they are established as a direct cause of surgical site infections.
文摘This paper presents a microscopic traffic simulation-based method for urban traffic state estimation using Assisted Global Positioning System (A-GPS) mobile phones. In this approach, real-time location data are collected by A-GPS mobile phones to track vehicles traveling on urban roads. In addition, tracking data obtained from individual mobile probes are aggregated to provide estimations of average road link speeds along rolling time periods. Moreover, the estimated average speeds are classified to different traffic condition levels, which are prepared for displaying a real-time traffic map on mobile phones. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which are fundamental for the subsequent development of a system demonstrator.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274172)supported this work.
文摘Since microspeakers are widely used in mobile phones,high power is usually applied to obtain sufficient output sound pressure.However,the electric power is almost converted into heat,leading to the thermal problem in microspeakers.Compared with large loudspeaker,microspeakers are smaller and the under yoke is relatively closed,causing the heat transfer more complex.In this study,a three-stage nonlinear thermal model was proposed for analyzing the thermal behavior in microspeakers.The inside air is a buffer area between the voice coil and magnet,and modeled as a middle stage of the heat transfer.The forced convection is still significant in microspeakers while the eddy current can be ignored.In order to obtain the thermal parameters of the model,a corresponding parameter identification method was put forward.The basic linear parameters and forced convection parameters were all obtained by measuring and fitting the temperature curves of voice coil at different single tones.A series of experiments were conducted to verify the proposed model and parameter identification method,and the results showed good aggrement between the measured and predicted temperature curves for different input signals.The proposed model was valid and accurate,and may be helpful for the design and application of microspeakers.
文摘Mobile use of new media has played an important role in the healthy development of college students and provided convenient conditions whether in learning or school life,which also brings a new educational platform and opportunities for college ideological and political education.From the perspective of dialectical unity, this paper first analyzes the educational function of smart phones,than focuses on the opportunities and challenges for the ideological and political education brought by the smartphone.Results of this study will play a certain reference level to imorove the ideological and oolitical education.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council under Grant No.201506965088
文摘In this paper, we present one method to attack on the GMR-2 algorithm used in satellite phone under the chosen-plaintexts. First using the relationship of the rows of the two s-boxes and outputs of the F coordinate, we attack on the GMR-2 algorithm. Then we deduce the happening probability of read-collision, and analyze its mathematical expectation. Finally, combining with the read-collision, we present an improved method to attack on the GMR-2 algorithm. The research results show that the complexity of the improved algorithm is about 220, and the session key Kc can be recovered in about 0.3 seconds. Compared with the available method, our method takes less time than the guess-and-decide attack method which is 700 s.
文摘This article first discusses the strengths and features of ZTE' s mobile phones, following an introduction of the history of ZTE's development of mobile phones. It also shows a clear picture of ZTE's development of the WCDMA terminals and its first WCDMA phone F808. At the end, it gives an opinion on 3G terminals in 2005.
文摘With the increasing use of electronic gadgets, the effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality have been reported. This study evaluated the capacity of seminal antioxidants to protect spermatozoa from the effects of exposure to non-ionizing cellular phone radiation on markers of semen quality and DNA integrity in an in-vitro model. A total of seventy-three (73) patients attending a fertility centre in Sakumono, Tema metropolis were recruited for this study. About 2 - 3 mls of freshly ejaculated semen was neatly collected by masturbation with consent and analysed according to the 2010 WHO standard semen analysis. A portion of Semen was exposed to non-ionizing cellular phone radiation for three (3) hours. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) were determined before and after exposure. Data was entered and analysed using SPSS version 20.00 and Graph pad prism. DFI was positively associated with immobility (r = 0.233;p = 0.05) and negatively associated with percentage progressive motility (r = -0.258;p = 0.028), percentage total motility (r = -0.233;p = 0.05) and SOD levels (r = -0.270;p = 0.028). There was a significant positive linear relationship between SOD and progressive motility (r = 0.451;p < 0.0001), vitality (r = 0.725;p < 0.0001) and total motility (r = 0.705, p = 0.05). Higher seminal SOD level is protective against the damaging effects of electromagnetic waves on sperm quality.
文摘Use of Electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, computers/laptops constitutes an integral part of human day-to-day activity in offices and businesses. Therefore, their use cannot be stopped. These electronic gadgets emit electromagnetic radiations, which are believed to be hazardous to human health. World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group B). The Enviro Chip developed by Synergy Environics, India, is a radiation harmonizing chip which when fixed on electronic gadgets at specific locations claims to reduce stress level by reducing the pulse rate of users which may also result in improvement of other health parameters. In this study, we have tested the ability of the Enviro Chip to reduce pulse rate of people who may have developed high pulse rate due to prolonged use of electronic gadgets. This was the double blind crossover study conducted in 205 healthy volunteers having an average pulse rate of above 82 per Minute at Max Healthcare India. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the change in pulse rate over 14 measurements with the use of both the Enviro Chip and a Dummy chip from average pulse rate at baseline without the Placebo effect. The secondary objective was to evaluate the change in pulse rate gender-wise. Data analysis was done using Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. The study demonstrated statistical significant reduction in pulse rate over 14 measurements with the use of Enviro Chip in both male and female healthy volunteers
文摘Brain tissue plays a significant role in both cognitive and psychomotor behavior of humans. However, their interaction with radiation emanating from hand held mobile devices is still not fully understood. This research was aimed at investigating radiation absorption in brain tissue. Bovine brain tissues ranging from lesser than 1 year to greater than 10 years of age were bought from a specialty store (Sigma-Aldrich). The tissues were used within 72 h of extraction for ex vivo brain experiments. The brain tissue was stored at 6°C and then 16°C for 24 h in the MRI room to reach thermal equilibrium before any experiments were undertaken. The averages for the dielectric constant were measured from 1 - 4 GHz using open ended coaxial probe (OECP) (85,070E;Agilent Technologies). The results obtained for the dielectric properties were then used as raw data in the numerical computation and simulation of the radiation absorption by the brain tissues for both adolescent and adults bovine brain tissue using finite element method (FEM). The measured dielectric constants varied for the different brain tissue from 54.39 to 39.29. Analysis showed that adolescents tissue absorbed more radiation than adults from mobile phoneradiation which is due to the higher dielectric property of adolescent brain tissue. The results obtained can be applied to human brain tissue since bovine shares the same compositional properties with humans.
文摘Background: Many studies revealed that devices like stethoscope, mobile phones can act as an important source of microbes capable of causing nosocomial infections. Hence there is need of defining their role in spreading infection, so that we can take some preventive measures against it. Aims: To screen the mobile phones of resident doctors and perform microbeological study of the organisms isolated. Setting: Resident doctors working at Tertiary Care Hospital. Methods: Swabs of 50 mobile phones of resident doctors were taken by sterile cotton swab and inoculated on Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabaraud’s dextrose agar. Isolated organisms were processed according to standard protocol. Results: Swabs of mobile phones of 50 resident doctors were analyzed for presence of micro-organisms. Out of the 50 samples, 30 (60%) were contaminated with micro-organisms. 32 micro-organisms were isolated from 50 mobile phones as shown in table 3. Among 32 isolates, Coagulase negative Staphylococci 23 (71.87%) was the dominant organism followed by Diphtheroids 7 (21.87%), Aspergillus niger 2 (6.25%). Also proportion of contamination of mobile phones of male resident doctors was more than female resident doctors. Conclusion: Mobile phones may act as a potential source of micro-organisms and spread nosocomial infections. Hence proper infection control practices like proper hand washing, decontamination of mobiles should be routinely practiced.
文摘ZTE, TMN and Microsoft have jointly launched two new 3.5G smart phones in Portugal. The SilverBelt and BlueBelt II handsets feature the WindowsR phone operating system which brings together the mobile phone,
文摘With the purpose of reducing the influence of background noise on the call quality of mobile phones, background noise suppression circuit is designed based on the principle of self-adaptive noise cancellation. Because this method is not involved in the nature of the noise itself, it can be used both for stationary noise cancellation and quasi-stationary noise cancellation. The working principle and circuit design of the system are introduced in detail. Simulated experiment was conducted in the lab, and its experimental results were analyzed. The experimental results show that the circuit works well with low cost, and has a broad prospect of application and popularization.
