Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the h...Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of fre...[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for speeding up the popularization of Eucalyptus dunnii.[Method] Differences in phenolic compounds and related enzyme activities between hard rooting E.dunnii and e...[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for speeding up the popularization of Eucalyptus dunnii.[Method] Differences in phenolic compounds and related enzyme activities between hard rooting E.dunnii and easily rooting E.urophylla×E.grandis clone （U9） were studied.[Result] There were significant differences in contents of phenolic compounds and activities of indole acetic acid oxidase （IAAO）,andperoxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） between the two Eucalyptus species.Compared with U9,contents of phenolic compounds and POD activity of E.dunnii cuttings were relatively high,while activities of IAAO and PPO were relatively low.[Conclusion] More phenolic compounds and the differences in related enzyme activities might be the major factors to result in hard rooting of E.dunnii cuttings.展开更多
Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry,awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand.The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been consid...Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry,awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand.The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been considered in research community due to their predictable potential role as feed additives in poultry and swine production.However,the mode of action for their functional role and dosage recommendation in animal diets are still remain indistinct.Taking into account,the present review study highlights an outline about the mode of action of phenolic compound and their experimental uses in poultry and swine focusing on the growth performance,antioxidant function,immune function,antimicrobial role and overall health status,justified with the past findings till to date.Finally,the present review study concluded that supplementation of phenolic compounds as natural feed additives may have a role on the antioxidant,immunity,antimicrobial and overall production performance in poultry and swine.展开更多
Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for ...Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for 35 d. Of these four doses, UV-C irradiation at 4 and 8 kJ m-2 significantly increased total phenolic contents in present tomato fruit by 21.2 and 20.2%, respectively. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation at 4 or 8 kJ m-2 promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids and increased the antioxidant activity. 2 or 16 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation also enhanced antioxidant activity, but to a lesser extent. Seven phenolic compounds, viz., gallic acid, （＋）-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cafferic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin in tomato fruit were identified and quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in tomato fruit and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. 4 or 8 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation significantly increased the contents of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The optimum dose of UV-C irradiation in terms of increased phenolic compound content and enhanced Antioxidant activity was determined to be 4 or 8 kJ m-2.展开更多
Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the thr...Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.展开更多
Phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity of extracts from seven cultivars of Chinese jujubes were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with standards and different antioxidant evaluation ...Phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity of extracts from seven cultivars of Chinese jujubes were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with standards and different antioxidant evaluation methods,such as phosphomolybdenum assay,superoxide radical scavenging activity(SRSA),hydroxyl radical scavenging activity(HRSA),antihemolytic activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate,respectively.The results showed the components of the extracts are comprised of total phenols and flavonoids,and its content ranges from 454.3 to 1298.9(GAE mg/100 g dry weight).Phlorizin,catechin,gallic acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds.All the extracts had significant antioxidant activities either in vitro or in vivo.Correlation analysis indicated that the antioxidant capacities of Chinese jujube extracts demonstrated a good positive relationship with some phenolic acids,which was higher in Xiao and Goutou.The results indicated that Xiao and Goutou could be attributed to a potential source of natural antioxidants for food applications.展开更多
The stability of clarified juice is of great importance in the beverage industry and to consumers.Phenolic compounds are considered to be one of the main factors responsible for sediment formation.The aim of this stud...The stability of clarified juice is of great importance in the beverage industry and to consumers.Phenolic compounds are considered to be one of the main factors responsible for sediment formation.The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the phenolic content in clarified mulberry juice during storage.Hence, separation, identification, quantification, and analysis of the changes in the contents of phenolic compounds, both free and bound forms, in the supernatant and sediments of mulberry juice, were carried out using high performance liquid chromatographic system, equipped with a photo-diode array detector（HPLC-PDA） and HPLC coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometric（HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS） techniques.There was an increase in the amount of sediment formed over the period of study.Total phenolic content of supernatant, as well as free phenolic content in the extracts of the precipitate decreased, whereas the bound phenolic content in the sediment increased.Quantitative estimation of individual phenolic compounds indicated high degradation of free anthocyanins in the supernatant and sediment from 938.60 to 2.30 mg/L and 235.60 to 1.74 mg/g, respectively.A decrease in flavonoids in the supernatant was also observed, whereas the contents of bound forms of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the sediment increased.Anthocyanins were the most abundant form of phenolics in the sediment, and accounted for 67.2% of total phenolics after 8 weeks of storage.These results revealed that phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, were involved in the formation of sediments in mulberry juice during storage.展开更多
Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of phenolic compounds, phenol, p cresol, p chlorophenol and p nitrophenol, from aqueous solutions by Amberlite XAD 4 polymeric adsorbent and its acetylized derivative M...Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of phenolic compounds, phenol, p cresol, p chlorophenol and p nitrophenol, from aqueous solutions by Amberlite XAD 4 polymeric adsorbent and its acetylized derivative MX 4 within temperature range of 283 323K were obtained and fitted to the Freundlich isotherms. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all four phenolic compounds from their aqueous solutions increased around 20% on the acetylized resin, which may be contributed to the specific surface area and the partial polarity on the network. Estimations of the isosteric enthalpy, free energy, and entropy for the adsorption process were reported.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Anastatica hierochuntica ethanolic(KEE),aqueous(KAE)extracts,and their combination against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.METHODS:The HPLC analysis for KEE and KAE was quant...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Anastatica hierochuntica ethanolic(KEE),aqueous(KAE)extracts,and their combination against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.METHODS:The HPLC analysis for KEE and KAE was quantitatively carried out.Biochemical liver markers,antioxidant enzymes,and histopathological alterations were examined then total hepatoprotection potential was calculated.RESULTS:Among 9 identified phenolic compounds(PC)in KEA,sinapic acid was the highest while syringic acid was the highest among 21 identified PC in KAE.Six flavonoids were identified in KEE and two in KAE using HPLC,respectively.Oral administration of KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE at 250 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin(TBILI),and also attenuated histopathological changes.Additionally,they reduced malondialdehyde(MOD),restored reduced-glutathione(GSH),and enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE protected the liver from CCl4-hepatotoxicity as they mainly attenuating oxidative stress.Total hepatoprotection was about 128.3%,114.5%,and 103.8%for KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE,respectively.CONCLUSION:Biochemical observations,supplemented by histopathological examination revealed that AH affords extract-depending protection against CCl4-hepatotoxicity.展开更多
Two hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents （ZH-01 and Amberlite XAD-4 resin） were employed to remove three kinds of phenolic compounds including phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions. The...Two hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents （ZH-01 and Amberlite XAD-4 resin） were employed to remove three kinds of phenolic compounds including phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions. The study was focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behavior, the column dynamic adsorption and desorption profiles. The Freundlich model gave a perfect fitting to the isotherm data. The adsorbing capacities for these three compounds on ZH-01 were higher than those on Amberlite XAD-4 within the temperature range 288-318 K, which was attributed to the large micropore area and 2-carboxybenzoyl functional groups on the network of ZH-01 resin. The adsorption for phenol and 4- nitrophenol on ZH-01 was a physical adsorption process, while for 2,4-dinitrophenol it was a coexistence process of physical adsorption and chemisorption＇s transitions. The column test showed the advantages of ZH-01 in the dynamic adsorption processes of phenolic compounds. Being used as the desorption reagent, sodium hydroxide solution showed an excellent performance.展开更多
To realize high-value utilization of discarded apple peel,this study investigated the effects of three selected commercial drying methods on drying kinetics,microstructure,color,phenolic stability and antioxidant capa...To realize high-value utilization of discarded apple peel,this study investigated the effects of three selected commercial drying methods on drying kinetics,microstructure,color,phenolic stability and antioxidant capacity of apple peel.Apple peel was dehydrated by hot air drying(AD)at 75,65 and 55℃,heat pump drying(HP)at 65,55 and 45℃,and vacuum freeze-drying(FD),respectively.The results showed that HP was superior to AD and FD in terms of drying rate.In addition,HP at 65℃provided high-quality dried apple peel due to less browning and brighter appearance,the highest retention of total phenolics(29.35 mg/g)and the strongest antioxidant activities,with the highest ABTS and FRAP value of 127.15 and 219.57μmol TE/g,respectively.The content of the six major individual phenolics,i.e.caffeic acid,(-)-epicatechin,hyperoside,rutin,phlorizin and quercitrin,were found to be the highest in HP dried samples.Interestingly,the content of rutin was even increased after HP compared to the fresh sample.Considering drying efficiency,organoleptic quality and phenolic stability of the products,HP at 65°C is suggested for drying of apple peel.展开更多
Qingke(highland hull-less barley)is a grain replete with substantial nutrients and bioactive ingredients.In this study,we evaluated the effects of boiling(BO),steaming(ST),microwave baking(MB),far-infrared baking(FB),...Qingke(highland hull-less barley)is a grain replete with substantial nutrients and bioactive ingredients.In this study,we evaluated the effects of boiling(BO),steaming(ST),microwave baking(MB),far-infrared baking(FB),steam explosion(SE),and deep frying(DF)on bioactive components,phenolic compounds,and antioxidant activities of Qingke compared with the effects of traditional roast(TR).Results showed that the soluble dietary fiber,beta-glucan and water-extractable pentosans of Qingke in dry heat processes of TR,SE,MB and FB had a higher content compared with other thermal methods and had a better antioxidant activity of hydroxyl radical scavenging and a better reduction capacity,while those in wet heat processes of BO and ST had a better antioxidant activity of ABTS radical scavenging and a better Fe^(2+) chelating ability.DF-and SE-Qingke had a higher content of tocopherol,phenolic,and flavonoid.Overall,6 free phenolic compounds and 12 bound phenolic compounds of Qingke were identified,and free phenolic compounds suffered more damage during thermal processing.Principal component analysis showed that SE had more advantages in retaining and improving the main biological active ingredients of Qingke,and it may be the best method for treating Qingke.展开更多
Phenol and its derivatives are highly toxic pollutants in industrial wastewater for the ecological environments,so there is essential attention to develop effective means of removing these harmful substances from wate...Phenol and its derivatives are highly toxic pollutants in industrial wastewater for the ecological environments,so there is essential attention to develop effective means of removing these harmful substances from water.In this work,the microorganism was immobilized into polymeric composite gel beads prepared by the effective recombination of natural abundant chitosan(CS)and industrial polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)for treating phenolic compounds.The degradation rate of 99.5%can be achieved to treat 100 mg·L^(1)of phenol at 30℃using the fresh resultant immobilized microorganism,where only 21.1%degradation rate was obtained by the free microorganism under the identical conditions.The recycling experiments of repeated 90 times to treat 100 mg·L^(1)of phenol displayed that the degradation rate of phenol was stable to 99%with the appearance of beads unchanged significantly,indicating the immobilized microorganism possessed excellent operating stability.Moreover,while the phenol derivatives of 100 mg·L^(1)were treated catalytically including pmethylphenol,catechol,and oaminophenol for 24 h by the immobilized microorganism,the degradation rates were all above 95%.The immobilized microorganism into PVACS polymeric composite with excellent operating stability and degradation activity would provide a feasible solution for treating phenolic compounds in water in industrial applications.展开更多
Photodegradation ofpentachlorophenol （PCP） and p-nitrophenol （PNP） in soil was carried out in a designed rotary reactor, which can provide the soil particles with continually uniform irradiation, and on a series o...Photodegradation ofpentachlorophenol （PCP） and p-nitrophenol （PNP） in soil was carried out in a designed rotary reactor, which can provide the soil particles with continually uniform irradiation, and on a series of thin soil layers. TiO2, as a kind of environmental friendly photocatalyst, was introduced to the soil to enhance the processes. Compared with that on the soil layers, photodegradation of PCP at initial concentration of 60 mg/kg was improved dramatically in the rotary reactor no matter whether TiO2 was added, with an increase of 3.0 times in the apparent first-order rate constants. The addition of 1 wt% TiO2 furthered the improvement by 1.4 times. Without addition of TiO2, PNP （initial concentration of 60 mg/kg） photodegradation rate in the rotary reactor was similar to that on the soil layers. When 1 wt% additional TiO2 was added, PNP photodegradation was enhanced obviously, and the enhancement in the rotary reactor was 2 times of that on the soil layers, which may be attributed to the higher frequency of the contact between PNP on soil particles and the photocatalyst. The effect of soil pH and initial concentrations of the target compounds on the photodegradation in the rotary reactor was investigated. The order of the degradation rate at different soil pH was relative to the aggregation of soil particles during mixing in the rotary reactor. Photodegradation of PCP and PNP at different initial concentrations showed that addition of TiO2 to enhance the photodegradation was more suitable for contaminated soil with higher concentration of PCP, while was effective for contaminated soil at each PNP concentration tested in our study.展开更多
In order to investigate the food nutrition and safety of potato,the objective of the present study is to quantify glycoalkaloids(-chaconine and-solanine)and phenolic compounds in three potato cultivars,namely,Russet B...In order to investigate the food nutrition and safety of potato,the objective of the present study is to quantify glycoalkaloids(-chaconine and-solanine)and phenolic compounds in three potato cultivars,namely,Russet Burbank,Atlantic,and Shepody,grown in Hebei,China,and these two classes of biologically active compounds in commercial dehydrated potato flakes were also investigated.The total glycoalkaloid levels in whole potatoes ranged from 4.72 mg/kg for Shepody potatoes to 34.45 mg/kg for Russet Burbank potatoes.The ratio of-chaconine to-solanine in whole potatoes ranged from 0.41 for Russet Burbank potatoes to 3.61 for Atlantic potatoes.The removal rate of total glycoalkaloids in Russet Burbank potatoes during dehydrated potato flake processing is 90.0%.Chlorogenic acid is the dominant phenolic compound in Russet Burbank potatoes.By contrast,Atlantic and Shepody potatoes contain considerable caffeic acid.The loss rate of phenolic compounds in Russet Burbank during dehydrated potato flake processing is 50.47%.展开更多
Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p- nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temp...Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p- nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temperature range of 283-323 K were obtained and correlated with a Freundlich-type of isotherm equation, so that equilibrium constants KF and n were obtained. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all the four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from aqueous solutions are around 2 times as high as those of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be attributed to the unusual micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. The values of the enthalpy (always negative) are indicative of an exothermic process, which manifests the adsorption of all the four phenolic compounds on the two polymeric adsorbents to be a process of physical adsorption. The negative values of free energy change show that the solute is more concentrated on the adsorbent than in the bulk solution. The absolute free energy values of adsorption for NJ-8 are always higher than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which indicates that phenolic compounds are preferentially adsorbed on NJ-8. The negative values of the adsorption entropy are consistent with the restricted mobilities of adsorbed molecules of phenolic compounds as compared with the molecules in solution. The adsorption entropy values of phenolic compounds for NJ-8 are lower than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which means the micropores of NJ-8 require more orderly arranged adsorbate.展开更多
Crude phenols extracted using organic solvent from the wastewater of a typical fixed-bed gasification process was used as a raw material,and the distillation range was analyzed.The wide and narrow fractions of the raw...Crude phenols extracted using organic solvent from the wastewater of a typical fixed-bed gasification process was used as a raw material,and the distillation range was analyzed.The wide and narrow fractions of the raw material derived from distillation range analysis were cut using a real boiling point distillation device.The phenolic compounds in the different fractions were then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography after derivatization pretreatment.The yield of the<290℃fraction was 68.50%(mass fraction).A total of 33 effective phenolic compounds were identified in this fraction,and the percentage of identified phenols was nearly 80%.The contents of eight phenolic compounds were high,with phenol being the most abundant(26.34%)followed by catechol(13.44%).The contents of the remaining six abundant phenols ranged from 4%to 8%.The sum of the contents of m-cresol and p-cresol exceeded 12%,and the content of 5-indenol was nearly 8%.The yield of the fraction rich in low-grade phenols(<230℃)was 35.40%.The content of phenol in this fraction was more than 40%,the total content of cresol was over 23%,and the total content of m-cresol and p-cresol was nearly 20%.At room temperature,the 235-245℃and 245-260℃fractions were white crystals in which the catechol content was approximately 50%,and the 5-indenol content was more than 10%.The contents of these two high-value-added phenolic compounds are low in typical coal tar,making them difficult to extract.However,due to their strong polarity and good water solubility,catechol and 5-indenol are enriched in gasification wastewater by water selection,allowing their further extraction.展开更多
Phenolic compounds(PCs)are a group of compounds with various applications in nutraceutical,pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.Their supply by plant extraction and chemical synthesis is often limited by low yield a...Phenolic compounds(PCs)are a group of compounds with various applications in nutraceutical,pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.Their supply by plant extraction and chemical synthesis is often limited by low yield and high cost.Microbial production represents as a promising alternative for efficient and sustainable production of PCs.In this review,we summarize recent advances in this field,which include enzyme mining and engineering to construct artificial pathways,balance of enzyme expression to improve pathway efficiency,coculture engineering to alleviate metabolic burden and side-reactions,and the use of genetic circuits for dynamic regulation and high throughput screening.Finally,current challenges and future perspectives for efficient production of PCs are also discussed.展开更多
A new phenolic compound, thamnolin (1), was isolated from the extract of Thamnolia vermicularis. Its structure was determined as 6-tricosyl-2,4-dimethoxy-phenol by spectral methods.
基金supported by Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202002AA100005,202102AE090027-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260703)+1 种基金Cassava Industrial Technology System of China(CARS11-YNTY)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)。
文摘Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.
基金Supported by Guangdong International Cooperation Program (2010B050600005)Guangdong Comprehensive Strategic Cooperation Project of CAS (2009B091300135)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (10251064001000006)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to compare contents of free and bound polyphenol and antioxidation of balsam pear in different varieties. [Method] Fourteen varieties of balsam pear were chosen to analyze total contents of free or bound phenol and components of free phenol. FRAP （Freeic reducing/antioxidant power）, DPPH （1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy）, and ABTS ＋· （2, 2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt） were used to measure antioxidation and analyze relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidation. [Result] Among the fourteen varieties of balsam pear, free, bound and total phenols were 157.58 -382.92, 6.46 -54 and 175.27 -413.79 mg GAE/100 g DW; coefficients of variance were 23.50% , 61.04% and 21.58%, respectively; free phenol accounted for 91.34% of total phenol and bound phenol accounted for 8.66% ; contents of total flavone for the fourteen varieties were from 8.97 to 18.22 mg CE/100 g DW and the coefficient was at 22.80%; vanillic aldehyde acid, epicatechin and rutin differed in contents among different varieties, which changed in 1.83-9.29, 35.17-114.52 and 0.91-4.53 mg/100 g DW and the coefficients were 43.85%, 26.97% and 33.09%; FRAP antioxidation was at 272.16 -713.32 mg TE/100 g DW and coefficient at 27.67% ; IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋· clearance were 11.43-34.14 and 21.57-119.71 mg GAE/100 g DW and coefficients were at 35.10% and 63.75% , accordingly; content of total phenol was of extremely positive correlation with FRAP （P0.01） and of extremely negative correlation with IC 50 of DPPH and ABTS ＋ · clearance （P0.01）. [Conclusion] Contents of phenolic compounds and antioxidation are of significant genotype differences; and phenolic substance and antioxidation are mainly in free form and phenolic substance is the major basis for antioxidation.
基金Supported by " 948 " program of China (2006-4-66 )the Fundamental Research Funds for Guangxi Forestry Research Institute(Forestry Science 200902)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to provide theoretical basis for speeding up the popularization of Eucalyptus dunnii.[Method] Differences in phenolic compounds and related enzyme activities between hard rooting E.dunnii and easily rooting E.urophylla×E.grandis clone （U9） were studied.[Result] There were significant differences in contents of phenolic compounds and activities of indole acetic acid oxidase （IAAO）,andperoxidase （POD） and polyphenol oxidase （PPO） between the two Eucalyptus species.Compared with U9,contents of phenolic compounds and POD activity of E.dunnii cuttings were relatively high,while activities of IAAO and PPO were relatively low.[Conclusion] More phenolic compounds and the differences in related enzyme activities might be the major factors to result in hard rooting of E.dunnii cuttings.
基金The first author SM acknowledges the postdoctoral fellowship support from China Agricultural University,Beijing-100193,China.
文摘Due to ban on using antibiotics in feed industry,awareness of using natural feed additives have led to a great demand.The interest of plants phenolic compounds as a potential natural antioxidant source has been considered in research community due to their predictable potential role as feed additives in poultry and swine production.However,the mode of action for their functional role and dosage recommendation in animal diets are still remain indistinct.Taking into account,the present review study highlights an outline about the mode of action of phenolic compound and their experimental uses in poultry and swine focusing on the growth performance,antioxidant function,immune function,antimicrobial role and overall health status,justified with the past findings till to date.Finally,the present review study concluded that supplementation of phenolic compounds as natural feed additives may have a role on the antioxidant,immunity,antimicrobial and overall production performance in poultry and swine.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30972036)
文摘Mature-green tomato fruit （Solanum lycopersicum cv. Zhenfen 202） were exposed to different UV-C irradiation at 2, 4, 8, and 16 kJ m-2 and then stored under the dark at 14°C and 95% relative humidity （RH） for 35 d. Of these four doses, UV-C irradiation at 4 and 8 kJ m-2 significantly increased total phenolic contents in present tomato fruit by 21.2 and 20.2%, respectively. Furthermore, UV-C irradiation at 4 or 8 kJ m-2 promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids and increased the antioxidant activity. 2 or 16 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation also enhanced antioxidant activity, but to a lesser extent. Seven phenolic compounds, viz., gallic acid, （＋）-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cafferic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin in tomato fruit were identified and quantified by HPLC. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound in tomato fruit and significantly correlated with antioxidant activity. 4 or 8 kJ m-2 UV-C irradiation significantly increased the contents of gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and quercetin. The optimum dose of UV-C irradiation in terms of increased phenolic compound content and enhanced Antioxidant activity was determined to be 4 or 8 kJ m-2.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50578073)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. 2004088)the Major Projects of Environment Protection Office of Jiangsu Province, China (No. 2004001).
文摘Two novel polymers （NJ-1 and N J-2） were synthesized by chemically modified a hypercrosslinked polymer NJ-0 with dimethylamine and trimethylamine, respectively. The comparison of the adsorption properties of the three polymers toward phenol, resorcin and phloroglucin was made. The study focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behaviors and the adsorption thermodynamics. Freundlich equation was found to fit the adsorption results well. The effect of amino groups introduced onto the surface of the resin and the structure of phenolic compounds on the adsorption were also studied. The hydrogen-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction could happen between the amino groups and the adsorbates. The adsorption impetus increased as quantity of hydroxyl groups increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased due to the drop of the matching degree of the aperture of resins and the diameter of adsorbate molecules.
基金This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Agricultural Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund Project:(No.2011CB23600017),the National Technology People’s Republic of China.
文摘Phenolic compounds and its antioxidant activity of extracts from seven cultivars of Chinese jujubes were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with standards and different antioxidant evaluation methods,such as phosphomolybdenum assay,superoxide radical scavenging activity(SRSA),hydroxyl radical scavenging activity(HRSA),antihemolytic activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate,respectively.The results showed the components of the extracts are comprised of total phenols and flavonoids,and its content ranges from 454.3 to 1298.9(GAE mg/100 g dry weight).Phlorizin,catechin,gallic acid,chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds.All the extracts had significant antioxidant activities either in vitro or in vivo.Correlation analysis indicated that the antioxidant capacities of Chinese jujube extracts demonstrated a good positive relationship with some phenolic acids,which was higher in Xiao and Goutou.The results indicated that Xiao and Goutou could be attributed to a potential source of natural antioxidants for food applications.
基金Project supported by the China Agriculture Research System (No.CARS-22-02A)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31501541)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No.2015A030312001)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No.201510010063), China
文摘The stability of clarified juice is of great importance in the beverage industry and to consumers.Phenolic compounds are considered to be one of the main factors responsible for sediment formation.The aim of this study is to investigate the changes in the phenolic content in clarified mulberry juice during storage.Hence, separation, identification, quantification, and analysis of the changes in the contents of phenolic compounds, both free and bound forms, in the supernatant and sediments of mulberry juice, were carried out using high performance liquid chromatographic system, equipped with a photo-diode array detector（HPLC-PDA） and HPLC coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometric（HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS） techniques.There was an increase in the amount of sediment formed over the period of study.Total phenolic content of supernatant, as well as free phenolic content in the extracts of the precipitate decreased, whereas the bound phenolic content in the sediment increased.Quantitative estimation of individual phenolic compounds indicated high degradation of free anthocyanins in the supernatant and sediment from 938.60 to 2.30 mg/L and 235.60 to 1.74 mg/g, respectively.A decrease in flavonoids in the supernatant was also observed, whereas the contents of bound forms of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin in the sediment increased.Anthocyanins were the most abundant form of phenolics in the sediment, and accounted for 67.2% of total phenolics after 8 weeks of storage.These results revealed that phenolic compounds, particularly anthocyanins, were involved in the formation of sediments in mulberry juice during storage.
文摘Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of phenolic compounds, phenol, p cresol, p chlorophenol and p nitrophenol, from aqueous solutions by Amberlite XAD 4 polymeric adsorbent and its acetylized derivative MX 4 within temperature range of 283 323K were obtained and fitted to the Freundlich isotherms. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all four phenolic compounds from their aqueous solutions increased around 20% on the acetylized resin, which may be contributed to the specific surface area and the partial polarity on the network. Estimations of the isosteric enthalpy, free energy, and entropy for the adsorption process were reported.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Anastatica hierochuntica ethanolic(KEE),aqueous(KAE)extracts,and their combination against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.METHODS:The HPLC analysis for KEE and KAE was quantitatively carried out.Biochemical liver markers,antioxidant enzymes,and histopathological alterations were examined then total hepatoprotection potential was calculated.RESULTS:Among 9 identified phenolic compounds(PC)in KEA,sinapic acid was the highest while syringic acid was the highest among 21 identified PC in KAE.Six flavonoids were identified in KEE and two in KAE using HPLC,respectively.Oral administration of KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE at 250 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bilirubin(TBILI),and also attenuated histopathological changes.Additionally,they reduced malondialdehyde(MOD),restored reduced-glutathione(GSH),and enhanced superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels.KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE protected the liver from CCl4-hepatotoxicity as they mainly attenuating oxidative stress.Total hepatoprotection was about 128.3%,114.5%,and 103.8%for KEE,KAE,and KEE+KAE,respectively.CONCLUSION:Biochemical observations,supplemented by histopathological examination revealed that AH affords extract-depending protection against CCl4-hepatotoxicity.
基金supported by the Educational Bureau of Jiangsu Province,China(No.08KJD150020)Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bio-resources and Environmental Protection(No.JLCBE09011)the Professorial and Doctor Funds of Yancheng Teachers College(No.09YSYJB0202)
文摘Two hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents （ZH-01 and Amberlite XAD-4 resin） were employed to remove three kinds of phenolic compounds including phenol, 4-nitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol from aqueous solutions. The study was focused on the static equilibrium adsorption behavior, the column dynamic adsorption and desorption profiles. The Freundlich model gave a perfect fitting to the isotherm data. The adsorbing capacities for these three compounds on ZH-01 were higher than those on Amberlite XAD-4 within the temperature range 288-318 K, which was attributed to the large micropore area and 2-carboxybenzoyl functional groups on the network of ZH-01 resin. The adsorption for phenol and 4- nitrophenol on ZH-01 was a physical adsorption process, while for 2,4-dinitrophenol it was a coexistence process of physical adsorption and chemisorption＇s transitions. The column test showed the advantages of ZH-01 in the dynamic adsorption processes of phenolic compounds. Being used as the desorption reagent, sodium hydroxide solution showed an excellent performance.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0400700,2016YFD0400704)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.S2019RCCG01).
文摘To realize high-value utilization of discarded apple peel,this study investigated the effects of three selected commercial drying methods on drying kinetics,microstructure,color,phenolic stability and antioxidant capacity of apple peel.Apple peel was dehydrated by hot air drying(AD)at 75,65 and 55℃,heat pump drying(HP)at 65,55 and 45℃,and vacuum freeze-drying(FD),respectively.The results showed that HP was superior to AD and FD in terms of drying rate.In addition,HP at 65℃provided high-quality dried apple peel due to less browning and brighter appearance,the highest retention of total phenolics(29.35 mg/g)and the strongest antioxidant activities,with the highest ABTS and FRAP value of 127.15 and 219.57μmol TE/g,respectively.The content of the six major individual phenolics,i.e.caffeic acid,(-)-epicatechin,hyperoside,rutin,phlorizin and quercitrin,were found to be the highest in HP dried samples.Interestingly,the content of rutin was even increased after HP compared to the fresh sample.Considering drying efficiency,organoleptic quality and phenolic stability of the products,HP at 65°C is suggested for drying of apple peel.
基金financially supported by the 2018 annual three gorges follow-up research project of the three gorges office of the State Council (YYNY-2017-01)
文摘Qingke(highland hull-less barley)is a grain replete with substantial nutrients and bioactive ingredients.In this study,we evaluated the effects of boiling(BO),steaming(ST),microwave baking(MB),far-infrared baking(FB),steam explosion(SE),and deep frying(DF)on bioactive components,phenolic compounds,and antioxidant activities of Qingke compared with the effects of traditional roast(TR).Results showed that the soluble dietary fiber,beta-glucan and water-extractable pentosans of Qingke in dry heat processes of TR,SE,MB and FB had a higher content compared with other thermal methods and had a better antioxidant activity of hydroxyl radical scavenging and a better reduction capacity,while those in wet heat processes of BO and ST had a better antioxidant activity of ABTS radical scavenging and a better Fe^(2+) chelating ability.DF-and SE-Qingke had a higher content of tocopherol,phenolic,and flavonoid.Overall,6 free phenolic compounds and 12 bound phenolic compounds of Qingke were identified,and free phenolic compounds suffered more damage during thermal processing.Principal component analysis showed that SE had more advantages in retaining and improving the main biological active ingredients of Qingke,and it may be the best method for treating Qingke.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21961028)the Science and Technology Support Project of Ningxia Province(NX015076)。
文摘Phenol and its derivatives are highly toxic pollutants in industrial wastewater for the ecological environments,so there is essential attention to develop effective means of removing these harmful substances from water.In this work,the microorganism was immobilized into polymeric composite gel beads prepared by the effective recombination of natural abundant chitosan(CS)and industrial polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)for treating phenolic compounds.The degradation rate of 99.5%can be achieved to treat 100 mg·L^(1)of phenol at 30℃using the fresh resultant immobilized microorganism,where only 21.1%degradation rate was obtained by the free microorganism under the identical conditions.The recycling experiments of repeated 90 times to treat 100 mg·L^(1)of phenol displayed that the degradation rate of phenol was stable to 99%with the appearance of beads unchanged significantly,indicating the immobilized microorganism possessed excellent operating stability.Moreover,while the phenol derivatives of 100 mg·L^(1)were treated catalytically including pmethylphenol,catechol,and oaminophenol for 24 h by the immobilized microorganism,the degradation rates were all above 95%.The immobilized microorganism into PVACS polymeric composite with excellent operating stability and degradation activity would provide a feasible solution for treating phenolic compounds in water in industrial applications.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2004CB418504 2003CB415006)
文摘Photodegradation ofpentachlorophenol （PCP） and p-nitrophenol （PNP） in soil was carried out in a designed rotary reactor, which can provide the soil particles with continually uniform irradiation, and on a series of thin soil layers. TiO2, as a kind of environmental friendly photocatalyst, was introduced to the soil to enhance the processes. Compared with that on the soil layers, photodegradation of PCP at initial concentration of 60 mg/kg was improved dramatically in the rotary reactor no matter whether TiO2 was added, with an increase of 3.0 times in the apparent first-order rate constants. The addition of 1 wt% TiO2 furthered the improvement by 1.4 times. Without addition of TiO2, PNP （initial concentration of 60 mg/kg） photodegradation rate in the rotary reactor was similar to that on the soil layers. When 1 wt% additional TiO2 was added, PNP photodegradation was enhanced obviously, and the enhancement in the rotary reactor was 2 times of that on the soil layers, which may be attributed to the higher frequency of the contact between PNP on soil particles and the photocatalyst. The effect of soil pH and initial concentrations of the target compounds on the photodegradation in the rotary reactor was investigated. The order of the degradation rate at different soil pH was relative to the aggregation of soil particles during mixing in the rotary reactor. Photodegradation of PCP and PNP at different initial concentrations showed that addition of TiO2 to enhance the photodegradation was more suitable for contaminated soil with higher concentration of PCP, while was effective for contaminated soil at each PNP concentration tested in our study.
基金This work was supported by the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-10)the National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFD0401302-02)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Gansu Province(1602NKDJ022-1)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(1501RJZA004)the Science and Technology Planing Project of Lanzhou(2016-3-123).
文摘In order to investigate the food nutrition and safety of potato,the objective of the present study is to quantify glycoalkaloids(-chaconine and-solanine)and phenolic compounds in three potato cultivars,namely,Russet Burbank,Atlantic,and Shepody,grown in Hebei,China,and these two classes of biologically active compounds in commercial dehydrated potato flakes were also investigated.The total glycoalkaloid levels in whole potatoes ranged from 4.72 mg/kg for Shepody potatoes to 34.45 mg/kg for Russet Burbank potatoes.The ratio of-chaconine to-solanine in whole potatoes ranged from 0.41 for Russet Burbank potatoes to 3.61 for Atlantic potatoes.The removal rate of total glycoalkaloids in Russet Burbank potatoes during dehydrated potato flake processing is 90.0%.Chlorogenic acid is the dominant phenolic compound in Russet Burbank potatoes.By contrast,Atlantic and Shepody potatoes contain considerable caffeic acid.The loss rate of phenolic compounds in Russet Burbank during dehydrated potato flake processing is 50.47%.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20274017) and theScience & Technology Council of Jiangsu province, China (Grant No. BK2000016)
文摘Equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p- nitrophenol from aqueous solutions by a water-compatible hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent (NJ-8) within temperature range of 283-323 K were obtained and correlated with a Freundlich-type of isotherm equation, so that equilibrium constants KF and n were obtained. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all the four phenolic compounds on the NJ-8 from aqueous solutions are around 2 times as high as those of Amberlite XAD-4, which may be attributed to the unusual micropore structure and the partial polarity on the network. The values of the enthalpy (always negative) are indicative of an exothermic process, which manifests the adsorption of all the four phenolic compounds on the two polymeric adsorbents to be a process of physical adsorption. The negative values of free energy change show that the solute is more concentrated on the adsorbent than in the bulk solution. The absolute free energy values of adsorption for NJ-8 are always higher than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which indicates that phenolic compounds are preferentially adsorbed on NJ-8. The negative values of the adsorption entropy are consistent with the restricted mobilities of adsorbed molecules of phenolic compounds as compared with the molecules in solution. The adsorption entropy values of phenolic compounds for NJ-8 are lower than those for Amberlite XAD-4, which means the micropores of NJ-8 require more orderly arranged adsorbate.
基金This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Projects(No.2018YFB0604601)。
文摘Crude phenols extracted using organic solvent from the wastewater of a typical fixed-bed gasification process was used as a raw material,and the distillation range was analyzed.The wide and narrow fractions of the raw material derived from distillation range analysis were cut using a real boiling point distillation device.The phenolic compounds in the different fractions were then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography after derivatization pretreatment.The yield of the<290℃fraction was 68.50%(mass fraction).A total of 33 effective phenolic compounds were identified in this fraction,and the percentage of identified phenols was nearly 80%.The contents of eight phenolic compounds were high,with phenol being the most abundant(26.34%)followed by catechol(13.44%).The contents of the remaining six abundant phenols ranged from 4%to 8%.The sum of the contents of m-cresol and p-cresol exceeded 12%,and the content of 5-indenol was nearly 8%.The yield of the fraction rich in low-grade phenols(<230℃)was 35.40%.The content of phenol in this fraction was more than 40%,the total content of cresol was over 23%,and the total content of m-cresol and p-cresol was nearly 20%.At room temperature,the 235-245℃and 245-260℃fractions were white crystals in which the catechol content was approximately 50%,and the 5-indenol content was more than 10%.The contents of these two high-value-added phenolic compounds are low in typical coal tar,making them difficult to extract.However,due to their strong polarity and good water solubility,catechol and 5-indenol are enriched in gasification wastewater by water selection,allowing their further extraction.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0901800 and 2018YFA0901400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21978015,21636001,and 21776008).
文摘Phenolic compounds(PCs)are a group of compounds with various applications in nutraceutical,pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.Their supply by plant extraction and chemical synthesis is often limited by low yield and high cost.Microbial production represents as a promising alternative for efficient and sustainable production of PCs.In this review,we summarize recent advances in this field,which include enzyme mining and engineering to construct artificial pathways,balance of enzyme expression to improve pathway efficiency,coculture engineering to alleviate metabolic burden and side-reactions,and the use of genetic circuits for dynamic regulation and high throughput screening.Finally,current challenges and future perspectives for efficient production of PCs are also discussed.
文摘A new phenolic compound, thamnolin (1), was isolated from the extract of Thamnolia vermicularis. Its structure was determined as 6-tricosyl-2,4-dimethoxy-phenol by spectral methods.
