Objective This study aimed to study the effects of different crystalline states of Sheng Shigao(raw gypsum,RG)and its inorganic elements on the antipyretic efficacy of Baihu Decoction(BHT).Methods RG samples calcined ...Objective This study aimed to study the effects of different crystalline states of Sheng Shigao(raw gypsum,RG)and its inorganic elements on the antipyretic efficacy of Baihu Decoction(BHT).Methods RG samples calcined at different temperatures were prepared.The phase composition of RG and Duan Shigao(calcination of gypsum,CG)as well as the changes in phase composition before and after adding water to RG calcined at specific temperatures,were determined using X-ray diffraction(XRD).A fever model was established by subcutaneously injecting 20%yeast suspension(10 mL·kg~(-1))into the backs of rats.The effects of BHT containing RG in different crystalline states on rat body temperature were measured.Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and hypothalamic prostaglandin E2(PGE_2)were detected using ELISA.Serum Ca~(2+)levels were measured using a microplate method.The content of trace elements in RG and CG and the corresponding freeze-dried BHT powder was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The complexation of representative inorganic elements with mangiferin,a major active component in BHT,was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.A validation model was established using RAW264.7 mouse macrophages.Drug-containing serum of BHT with different inorganic elements was prepared,and the nitric oxide(NO)levels in the cell supernatant of different treatment groups were measured using the Griess method.The mRNA levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and PGE2in each group were detected using qPCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR).Results After calcination,the phase composition of RG changed,and the content of inorganic elements in RG,CG170(RG calcined at 170°C),and CG350(RG calcined at 350°C)showed similar trends.Compared with RG,the content of Ca,Sr,Al,and Na in CG changed significantly.Compared with BHT,the content of Ca,Sr,Si,and Na in CG changed significantly when incorporated into the formula.Intermolecular interactions confirmed strong binding between mangiferin and Cu~(2+)and Al~(3+).Cu~(2+)and Fe~(3+)exhibited fluorescence quenching effects on mangiferin solution,while Al~(3+)and Zn~(2+)showed strong fluorescence enhancement,with fluorescence intensity increasing by 120-fold and 30-fold,respectively.In vitro evaluation of synergistic anti-inflammatory effects confirmed that Ca,Fe,Cr,Al,and Si exhibited synergistic anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusion The crystalline state of RG has little effect on its antipyretic properties,while Ca,Sr,Na,Fe,and Al are likely the key material bases influencing its efficacy.展开更多
The photovoltaic properties of indium–gallium–zinc oxide(IGZO)thin film utilized in electronic information applications depend on the quality and performance of the corresponding target.In this study,high-energy bal...The photovoltaic properties of indium–gallium–zinc oxide(IGZO)thin film utilized in electronic information applications depend on the quality and performance of the corresponding target.In this study,high-energy ball milling was combined with atmospheric sintering to achieve precise control over the phase composition and microstructure of In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) ceramic targets.This was achieved by controlling the sintering process and performing thermodynamic calculations to analyze the phase transition process.Further,the electronic structure simulation results of the relevant phases were analyzed,and crystal structure models were constructed.According to the density functional theory calculations,the enthalpy of formation of In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) was found to be the largest,followed by those of InGaZnO_(4) and ZnGa_(2)O_(4),which indicates that the In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) phase exhibits the highest thermal stability.The relationship of the enthalpy of formation corresponds to two distinct reactions of the IGZO powders.The ZnGa_(2)O_(4) phase is initially formed and remains stable for an extended period.This is followed by the rapid formation and subsequent disappearance of the InGaZnO_(4) phase within a narrow temperature range.Finally,a single In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) phase is formed.The target sintered at 1500℃ exhibits a narrow band gap and the lowest porosity,which results in the highest relative density(99.52%)and the lowest resistivity(3.4 mΩ·cm).These experimental findings can provide guidelines for controlling the phase and microstructural characteristics of In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) targets with the aim of producing IGZO targets with excellent properties,including homogeneous composition,high density,and low resistance in the field of flat displays.展开更多
The microstructure and phase composition of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories containing 30%and 60%(by mass)Cr_(2)O_(3) after exposure to aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts depending on the...The microstructure and phase composition of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories containing 30%and 60%(by mass)Cr_(2)O_(3) after exposure to aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts depending on the type of melts and temperature have been studied.The mechanisms of refractory corrosion by the used melts and the factors contributing to the inhibition of corrosion development have been investigated by the method of petrographic analysis.On the basis of obtained results,the use of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories in the sections of glass furnace linings,experiencing the intensive impact of aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts,has been confirmed and scientifically substantiated.展开更多
The microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr （x=1, 2, 3, 4; normal mass fraction in %） alloys were investigated. In low Zn content, aside from the major second phase of Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5,...The microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr （x=1, 2, 3, 4; normal mass fraction in %） alloys were investigated. In low Zn content, aside from the major second phase of Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5, there are a few lamellar phases that grow parallel with each other from the grain boundaries to the grain interior. With Zn content increasing, the Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phase decreases, but the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase and lamellar phases continuously increase. When Zn content reaches 4% （normal mass fraction）, the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase mainly exists as large bulks, and some a-Mg grains are thoroughly penetrated by the lamellar phases. Moreover, the crystallography structures of the Mgl2Zn（Y, Er） and Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phases are confirmed as 18R-type long-period stacking ordered structure and body-centred cubic structure, respectively.展开更多
The optimum parameters were determined for synthesizing ZrN-Si3N4 composite powder from zircon by carbothermal reduction-nitridation （CTRN） process. The samples were prepared by mixing the carbon black of an average...The optimum parameters were determined for synthesizing ZrN-Si3N4 composite powder from zircon by carbothermal reduction-nitridation （CTRN） process. The samples were prepared by mixing the carbon black of an average particle size less than 30 μm and the zircon of 40 μm with C/ZrSiO4 mass ratios of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The prepared samples were subjected to the CTRN process at temperatures of 1673, 1723, 1753, and 1773 K for 6, 9, and 12 h. The CTRN process was conducted in an atmosphere-controlled tubular furnace in a nitrogen gas flow of 1.0 L/rain. All the products were examined by X-ray powder diffraction to determine the transformation. The results showed that the proper transformation of ZrN-Si3N4 occurred at 1773 K for 12 h with a C/ZrSiO4 mass ratio of 0.4.展开更多
The idea of varying volume ratio of water to ethanol in solvent was firstly employed to yield phase composition controllable mixed- phase titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts via a low temperature solvothermal route...The idea of varying volume ratio of water to ethanol in solvent was firstly employed to yield phase composition controllable mixed- phase titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts via a low temperature solvothermal route at 353 K. It was found that anatase contents increase from 0 to 100% with increase of ethanol contents in solvent. The mixed-phase TiO2 with 60% anatase content exhibited the best photocatalytic activity in photodecomposing formaldehyde (FAD) under UV light irradiation, which increases by abou...展开更多
Er_(x)Ti_(0.1)Zr_(0.9-x)O_(2-1.5 x)(x=0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08) ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method.The influence of the Er^(3+) addition on the phase composition,Vickers hardness,fracture tough...Er_(x)Ti_(0.1)Zr_(0.9-x)O_(2-1.5 x)(x=0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08) ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method.The influence of the Er^(3+) addition on the phase composition,Vickers hardness,fracture toughness,and thermal conductivity of this ceramic material was investigated.The X-ray diffraction results reveal that the c-ZrO_(2) content increases from 1.85 vol% to 33.89 vol%,and the percentage of t-ZrO_(2) decreases from 98.15 vol% to 66.11 vol% with the increase in Er^(3+) content from 4 mol% to 8 mol%.Moreover,the addition of Er^(3+) is beneficial to the volume expansion of the unit cell.At the same time,the incorporation of Er^(3+) weakens the coordination of oxygen ions around the metal cations,resulting in a corresponding decrease in the tetragonality of the t-ZrO_(2).The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the Er_(x)Ti_(0.1)Zr_(0.9-x)O_(2-1.5)_(x) ceramics show increasing and decreasing trends,respectively.The thermal conductivity has a significant decline due to point defects caused by the Er^(3+) doping.The 8 ETZ ceramic exhibits the highest Vickers hardness(12.7 GPa),the lowest fracture toughness(7.6 MPa·m^(1/2)),and the lowest average thermal conductivity(1.85 W/(m·K)) in the temperature range of 200-1000℃.All of the above properties are higher than those of the Y_(2)O_(3)-stabilized ZrO_(2) ceramic.展开更多
The chemical composition of vanadium slag significantly affects its element distribution and phase composition,which affect the subsequent calcification roasting process and vanadium recovery.In this work,seven kinds ...The chemical composition of vanadium slag significantly affects its element distribution and phase composition,which affect the subsequent calcification roasting process and vanadium recovery.In this work,seven kinds of vanadium slags derived from different regions in China were used as the raw materials to study the effects of different components on the vanadium slag’s elements distribution,phase composition,calcification roasting,and leaching rate of major elements using scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction analysis,and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy.The results show that the spinel phase is wrapped with silicate phase in all vanadium slag samples.The main elements in the spinel phase are Cr,V,and Ti from the interior to the exterior.The size of spinel phase in low chromium vanadium slag is larger than the other vanadium slags with higher chromium contents.The spinel phase of high-calcium and high-phosphorus vanadium slag is more dispersed.The strongest diffraction peak of vanadium spinel phase in the vanadium slag migrates to a higher diffraction angle,and(Fe_(0.6)Cr_(0.4))_(2)O_(3)is formed after calcification roasting as the chromium content increased.A large amount of Ca_(2)SiO_(4)is produced because excess Ca reacts with Si in high-calcium and high-phosphorus vanadium slag.The vanadium leaching rate reaches 88%in some vanadium slags.The chromium leaching rate is less than 5%in all vanadium slags.The silicon leaching rate of high-calcium and high-phosphorus vanadium slag is much higher than that of the other slags.The leaching rate of manganese is higher than 10%,and the leaching rates of iron and titanium are negligible.展开更多
Hydroxyapatite powder particles were plasma sprayed into water, their inner structures and phase compositions were studied by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the...Hydroxyapatite powder particles were plasma sprayed into water, their inner structures and phase compositions were studied by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the molten HA particles have a central hollow morphology and high crystallinity. The hollow morphology was caused by sublimated P2O5 and H2O, which will have an effect on surface morphology, cohesive and adhesive strength as well as dissolution and degradation of coating. The high crystallinity is attributed to lower cooling speed in water.展开更多
Influence of severe cold deformation of titanium alloy Ti-1.5%A1-6.8%Mo-4.5%Fe in metastable β condition on the evolution of phase composition, microstructure, and tensile properties during continuous rapid heating w...Influence of severe cold deformation of titanium alloy Ti-1.5%A1-6.8%Mo-4.5%Fe in metastable β condition on the evolution of phase composition, microstructure, and tensile properties during continuous rapid heating was studied. As-deformed alloy was characterized by quasi-amorphous single-phase β condition with an abnormal temperature dependence of electric resistance that was normalized after 48 h exposure at room temperature as a result of isothermal ω phase precipitation. Subsequent rapid heating with a rate of 5 ℃/s caused recovery and recrystallization. Tensile properties of the alloy after different treatments were determined and discussed.展开更多
It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of gr...It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of grains has its own domain and dislocation structure. There are mono- and polydomains with and without dislocations. The grains of the main phase of monoand polydomains without dislocations and polydomains with dislocations were formed by diffusion in the solid phase. In these conditions NiAl3 phase is located on the grain boundary of the main phase. The Ni2Al3 phase is located at the triple joints of the main phase.展开更多
A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistance against pitting corrosion was studied by mea...A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistance against pitting corrosion was studied by measurements of pitting corrosion potentials and electrochemical noise during initiation of corrosion pits.The results show that the sputtered coatings with single bcc phase or single fcc structure are more resistant to pitting corrosion than those with bcc plus fcc duplex phase structure.展开更多
The effects of MgO and TiO_2 on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed b...The effects of MgO and TiO_2 on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO_2 content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO_2 contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO_2 content.展开更多
Al2 O3-Si-Al composite specimens with the size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 125 mm were prepared using fused alumina （as aggregates and fines）,ultra-fine α-Al2O3,Si and Al powders as starting materials,liquid pheno...Al2 O3-Si-Al composite specimens with the size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 125 mm were prepared using fused alumina （as aggregates and fines）,ultra-fine α-Al2O3,Si and Al powders as starting materials,liquid phenol formaldehyde resin as the binder,pressing and heating at 800-1 500 ℃ for 3 h under carbon embedded condition.Evolution of phase composition and microstructure of Al2 O3-Si-Al composite during heating from 800 to 1 500 ℃ under carbon embedded condition were studied.The results show that：（1） Al4 C3,AlN and SiC are initially formed at 800-900 ℃ due to reactions of Al and Si with C or CO and N2 ; （2） at 1 000-1 300 ℃,the amounts of Al4C3,AlN and SiC increase with temperature rising and their crystals grow; （3） at 1 400-1 500 ℃,Al4 C3 and AlN disappear,and minor SiAlON crystals are observed; the nonoxide crystals develop well and they are interlaced in the corundum skeleton structure,which creates strengthening and toughening展开更多
The phase composition,microstructure and hardening of aluminum-based experimental alloys containing0.3%Sc,0?14%Si and0?10%Ca(mass fraction)were studied.The experimental study(electron microscopy,thermal analysis and h...The phase composition,microstructure and hardening of aluminum-based experimental alloys containing0.3%Sc,0?14%Si and0?10%Ca(mass fraction)were studied.The experimental study(electron microscopy,thermal analysis and hardnessmeasurements)was combined with Thermo-Calc software simulation for the optimization of the alloy composition.It wasdetermined that the maximum hardening corresponded to the annealing at300?350°С,which was due to the precipitation of Al3Scnanoparticles with their further coarsening.The alloys falling into the phase region(Al)+Al4Ca+Al2Si2Ca have demonstrated asignificant hardening effect.The ternary eutectic(Al)+Al4Ca+Al2Si2Ca had a much finer microstructure as compared to the Al?Sieutectic,which suggests a possibility of reaching higher mechanical properties as compared to commercial alloys of the A356type.Unlike commercial alloys of the A356type,the model alloy does not require quenching,as hardening particles are formed in thecourse of annealing of castings.展开更多
The rapid development of electric vehicles demands the development of high performance nickel metal hydride battery that is able to endure high temperature. The discharge properties of Ti 0.7 Zr 0.5 V 0.2 Mn 1.8- x Ni...The rapid development of electric vehicles demands the development of high performance nickel metal hydride battery that is able to endure high temperature. The discharge properties of Ti 0.7 Zr 0.5 V 0.2 Mn 1.8- x Ni x ( x =0.4, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7)hydrogen storage alloys was investigated and its phase composition was analyzed using X ray diffraction. The results show that the cycling life was improved as the content of nickel increases. When x =0.4, 0.8, 1.1 and 1.4, the main phase is MgZn 2 type C14 Laves phase and the second one is cubic TiNi phase. When x =1.7, the Laves phase structure disappears. EDAS analysis shows that the increase of nickel content is effective in suppressing the dissolution of vanadium component in alloys. [展开更多
Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of ...Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of homologues and mobile phase composition has been derived, and was testified by a lot of experimental data from the literature. With this newly proposed equation, we can use the retention value of the compound in one mobile phase composition to predict its retention value in any other mobile phase composition. For fourteen groups of homologues in five mobile phase compositions on five Kinds of columns, the overall average absolute error of 721 data sets is 2.8%.展开更多
C-rowth rate, microstructure and phase composition of scale layer formed during oxidation in 56 % H2O9%O2 N2 and following continuous cooling in ambient air were experimentally investigated by means of optical microsc...C-rowth rate, microstructure and phase composition of scale layer formed during oxidation in 56 % H2O9%O2 N2 and following continuous cooling in ambient air were experimentally investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） for 45, 20CrMnTi and TTS443M steels respectively, to examine the effects of strand surface temperature and steel composition on the scale formation in simulated continudus casting process. The growth rates were found to be ap proximately parabolic and the calculated activation energy of TTS443M steel is much higher than those of the two other steels. For 45 and 20CrMnTi steels, the scale layers were looser and a distinct gap formed at the scale-sub strate interface at higher strand surface temperature. The dominant phases within the scale were iron oxides except for FeO · Cr2O3 phase simuhaneously existing in the oxide scale of 20CrMnTi steel. On the other hand, the scale layer formed on TTS443M steel was compact and tightly attached to the steel surface. At both lower and higher strand surface temperature, iron oxide was main phase in external layer of the scale, while chromia was dominant in inner layer with an appreciable Cr enrichment.展开更多
The effect of TiO;,ZrO;and Na;AlF;ultrafine powders on the fine structure and the phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel was investigated.The introduction of the ultrafine powders into the melt influenced the grain...The effect of TiO;,ZrO;and Na;AlF;ultrafine powders on the fine structure and the phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel was investigated.The introduction of the ultrafine powders into the melt influenced the grain size,the quantity,and the character of distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the railroad frogs.The microstructure of castings was improved significantly because of the refinement of the grain structure and an increase of the grain-boundary area.After the modifying mixture was introduced into the melt,either the microtwins of one or two intersecting systems or the precipitations of ε-martensite of different types,or simultaneously the microtwins and wafers of ε-martensite,were present in each grain.展开更多
TiN- Al2O3 composite powder was prepared by aluminothermic reduction- nitridation method with starting materials of aluminum-containing dross and rutile,and metallic aluminum in the aluminum-containing dross as reduce...TiN- Al2O3 composite powder was prepared by aluminothermic reduction- nitridation method with starting materials of aluminum-containing dross and rutile,and metallic aluminum in the aluminum-containing dross as reducer. The influences of synthesis temperature（600-1 400 ℃） and aluminum-containing dross addition（20% lower than theoretical value,theoretical value,20% higher than theoretical value,and 50% higher than theoretical value） on phase compositions and microstructure of the composites were investigated,and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The results show that（1） TiN- Al2O3 composite powder can be synthesized under the experimental conditions; the main phases are TiN,α-Al2O3,a little bytownite,and MgAl2O4;（2）enhancing synthesis temperature or increasing aluminumcontaining dross addition favors the reaction of aluminothermic reduction- nitridation;（3） in the synthesized products,α-Al2O3 is platy or columnar; TiN is sub-micron granular,which reinforces and toughens the composite.展开更多
基金Joint Fund Project of the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research and Development Plan(222301420060)。
文摘Objective This study aimed to study the effects of different crystalline states of Sheng Shigao(raw gypsum,RG)and its inorganic elements on the antipyretic efficacy of Baihu Decoction(BHT).Methods RG samples calcined at different temperatures were prepared.The phase composition of RG and Duan Shigao(calcination of gypsum,CG)as well as the changes in phase composition before and after adding water to RG calcined at specific temperatures,were determined using X-ray diffraction(XRD).A fever model was established by subcutaneously injecting 20%yeast suspension(10 mL·kg~(-1))into the backs of rats.The effects of BHT containing RG in different crystalline states on rat body temperature were measured.Serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and hypothalamic prostaglandin E2(PGE_2)were detected using ELISA.Serum Ca~(2+)levels were measured using a microplate method.The content of trace elements in RG and CG and the corresponding freeze-dried BHT powder was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The complexation of representative inorganic elements with mangiferin,a major active component in BHT,was investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy.A validation model was established using RAW264.7 mouse macrophages.Drug-containing serum of BHT with different inorganic elements was prepared,and the nitric oxide(NO)levels in the cell supernatant of different treatment groups were measured using the Griess method.The mRNA levels of IL-6,TNF-α,and PGE2in each group were detected using qPCR(real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR).Results After calcination,the phase composition of RG changed,and the content of inorganic elements in RG,CG170(RG calcined at 170°C),and CG350(RG calcined at 350°C)showed similar trends.Compared with RG,the content of Ca,Sr,Al,and Na in CG changed significantly.Compared with BHT,the content of Ca,Sr,Si,and Na in CG changed significantly when incorporated into the formula.Intermolecular interactions confirmed strong binding between mangiferin and Cu~(2+)and Al~(3+).Cu~(2+)and Fe~(3+)exhibited fluorescence quenching effects on mangiferin solution,while Al~(3+)and Zn~(2+)showed strong fluorescence enhancement,with fluorescence intensity increasing by 120-fold and 30-fold,respectively.In vitro evaluation of synergistic anti-inflammatory effects confirmed that Ca,Fe,Cr,Al,and Si exhibited synergistic anti-inflammatory effects.Conclusion The crystalline state of RG has little effect on its antipyretic properties,while Ca,Sr,Na,Fe,and Al are likely the key material bases influencing its efficacy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300421221)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory(No.GJJSGFJQ202301)Henan Research Institute 2024 Strategic Consulting Research Project(No.2024 HENZDA01).
文摘The photovoltaic properties of indium–gallium–zinc oxide(IGZO)thin film utilized in electronic information applications depend on the quality and performance of the corresponding target.In this study,high-energy ball milling was combined with atmospheric sintering to achieve precise control over the phase composition and microstructure of In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) ceramic targets.This was achieved by controlling the sintering process and performing thermodynamic calculations to analyze the phase transition process.Further,the electronic structure simulation results of the relevant phases were analyzed,and crystal structure models were constructed.According to the density functional theory calculations,the enthalpy of formation of In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) was found to be the largest,followed by those of InGaZnO_(4) and ZnGa_(2)O_(4),which indicates that the In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) phase exhibits the highest thermal stability.The relationship of the enthalpy of formation corresponds to two distinct reactions of the IGZO powders.The ZnGa_(2)O_(4) phase is initially formed and remains stable for an extended period.This is followed by the rapid formation and subsequent disappearance of the InGaZnO_(4) phase within a narrow temperature range.Finally,a single In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) phase is formed.The target sintered at 1500℃ exhibits a narrow band gap and the lowest porosity,which results in the highest relative density(99.52%)and the lowest resistivity(3.4 mΩ·cm).These experimental findings can provide guidelines for controlling the phase and microstructural characteristics of In_(2)Ga_(2)ZnO_(7) targets with the aim of producing IGZO targets with excellent properties,including homogeneous composition,high density,and low resistance in the field of flat displays.
文摘The microstructure and phase composition of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories containing 30%and 60%(by mass)Cr_(2)O_(3) after exposure to aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts depending on the type of melts and temperature have been studied.The mechanisms of refractory corrosion by the used melts and the factors contributing to the inhibition of corrosion development have been investigated by the method of petrographic analysis.On the basis of obtained results,the use of high-alumina,chromic oxide,and AZS/Cr refractories in the sections of glass furnace linings,experiencing the intensive impact of aluminaboronsilicate glasses and basalt melts,has been confirmed and scientifically substantiated.
基金Project(NCET-11-0554) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,ChinaProject(2011BAE22B04) supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program,ChinaProject(51271206) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The microstructure and phase composition of as-cast Mg-9Er-6Y-xZn-0.6Zr （x=1, 2, 3, 4; normal mass fraction in %） alloys were investigated. In low Zn content, aside from the major second phase of Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5, there are a few lamellar phases that grow parallel with each other from the grain boundaries to the grain interior. With Zn content increasing, the Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phase decreases, but the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase and lamellar phases continuously increase. When Zn content reaches 4% （normal mass fraction）, the Mg12Zn（Y, Er） phase mainly exists as large bulks, and some a-Mg grains are thoroughly penetrated by the lamellar phases. Moreover, the crystallography structures of the Mgl2Zn（Y, Er） and Mg24（Er, Y, Zn）5 phases are confirmed as 18R-type long-period stacking ordered structure and body-centred cubic structure, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50274021)
文摘The optimum parameters were determined for synthesizing ZrN-Si3N4 composite powder from zircon by carbothermal reduction-nitridation （CTRN） process. The samples were prepared by mixing the carbon black of an average particle size less than 30 μm and the zircon of 40 μm with C/ZrSiO4 mass ratios of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5. The prepared samples were subjected to the CTRN process at temperatures of 1673, 1723, 1753, and 1773 K for 6, 9, and 12 h. The CTRN process was conducted in an atmosphere-controlled tubular furnace in a nitrogen gas flow of 1.0 L/rain. All the products were examined by X-ray powder diffraction to determine the transformation. The results showed that the proper transformation of ZrN-Si3N4 occurred at 1773 K for 12 h with a C/ZrSiO4 mass ratio of 0.4.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (No. 2004CB719503)
文摘The idea of varying volume ratio of water to ethanol in solvent was firstly employed to yield phase composition controllable mixed- phase titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts via a low temperature solvothermal route at 353 K. It was found that anatase contents increase from 0 to 100% with increase of ethanol contents in solvent. The mixed-phase TiO2 with 60% anatase content exhibited the best photocatalytic activity in photodecomposing formaldehyde (FAD) under UV light irradiation, which increases by abou...
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2015AA034403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51762036)。
文摘Er_(x)Ti_(0.1)Zr_(0.9-x)O_(2-1.5 x)(x=0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08) ceramics were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method.The influence of the Er^(3+) addition on the phase composition,Vickers hardness,fracture toughness,and thermal conductivity of this ceramic material was investigated.The X-ray diffraction results reveal that the c-ZrO_(2) content increases from 1.85 vol% to 33.89 vol%,and the percentage of t-ZrO_(2) decreases from 98.15 vol% to 66.11 vol% with the increase in Er^(3+) content from 4 mol% to 8 mol%.Moreover,the addition of Er^(3+) is beneficial to the volume expansion of the unit cell.At the same time,the incorporation of Er^(3+) weakens the coordination of oxygen ions around the metal cations,resulting in a corresponding decrease in the tetragonality of the t-ZrO_(2).The Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the Er_(x)Ti_(0.1)Zr_(0.9-x)O_(2-1.5)_(x) ceramics show increasing and decreasing trends,respectively.The thermal conductivity has a significant decline due to point defects caused by the Er^(3+) doping.The 8 ETZ ceramic exhibits the highest Vickers hardness(12.7 GPa),the lowest fracture toughness(7.6 MPa·m^(1/2)),and the lowest average thermal conductivity(1.85 W/(m·K)) in the temperature range of 200-1000℃.All of the above properties are higher than those of the Y_(2)O_(3)-stabilized ZrO_(2) ceramic.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51874077)the Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Comprehensive Utilization, China (No. 2019P4FZG00A)
文摘The chemical composition of vanadium slag significantly affects its element distribution and phase composition,which affect the subsequent calcification roasting process and vanadium recovery.In this work,seven kinds of vanadium slags derived from different regions in China were used as the raw materials to study the effects of different components on the vanadium slag’s elements distribution,phase composition,calcification roasting,and leaching rate of major elements using scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction analysis,and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy.The results show that the spinel phase is wrapped with silicate phase in all vanadium slag samples.The main elements in the spinel phase are Cr,V,and Ti from the interior to the exterior.The size of spinel phase in low chromium vanadium slag is larger than the other vanadium slags with higher chromium contents.The spinel phase of high-calcium and high-phosphorus vanadium slag is more dispersed.The strongest diffraction peak of vanadium spinel phase in the vanadium slag migrates to a higher diffraction angle,and(Fe_(0.6)Cr_(0.4))_(2)O_(3)is formed after calcification roasting as the chromium content increased.A large amount of Ca_(2)SiO_(4)is produced because excess Ca reacts with Si in high-calcium and high-phosphorus vanadium slag.The vanadium leaching rate reaches 88%in some vanadium slags.The chromium leaching rate is less than 5%in all vanadium slags.The silicon leaching rate of high-calcium and high-phosphorus vanadium slag is much higher than that of the other slags.The leaching rate of manganese is higher than 10%,and the leaching rates of iron and titanium are negligible.
文摘Hydroxyapatite powder particles were plasma sprayed into water, their inner structures and phase compositions were studied by using scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the molten HA particles have a central hollow morphology and high crystallinity. The hollow morphology was caused by sublimated P2O5 and H2O, which will have an effect on surface morphology, cohesive and adhesive strength as well as dissolution and degradation of coating. The high crystallinity is attributed to lower cooling speed in water.
文摘Influence of severe cold deformation of titanium alloy Ti-1.5%A1-6.8%Mo-4.5%Fe in metastable β condition on the evolution of phase composition, microstructure, and tensile properties during continuous rapid heating was studied. As-deformed alloy was characterized by quasi-amorphous single-phase β condition with an abnormal temperature dependence of electric resistance that was normalized after 48 h exposure at room temperature as a result of isothermal ω phase precipitation. Subsequent rapid heating with a rate of 5 ℃/s caused recovery and recrystallization. Tensile properties of the alloy after different treatments were determined and discussed.
文摘It was shown by TEM and X-ray analysis that there are four types of grains of the main Ni3Al phase in the structure of the intermetallic obtained by the self-propagation high temperature method (SHS). Every type of grains has its own domain and dislocation structure. There are mono- and polydomains with and without dislocations. The grains of the main phase of monoand polydomains without dislocations and polydomains with dislocations were formed by diffusion in the solid phase. In these conditions NiAl3 phase is located on the grain boundary of the main phase. The Ni2Al3 phase is located at the triple joints of the main phase.
文摘A series of single bcc,bcc plus fcc duplex and single fcc microcrystalline coatings of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel were prepared by using sputtering technique.The resistance against pitting corrosion was studied by measurements of pitting corrosion potentials and electrochemical noise during initiation of corrosion pits.The results show that the sputtered coatings with single bcc phase or single fcc structure are more resistant to pitting corrosion than those with bcc plus fcc duplex phase structure.
基金financial support by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. N130602003)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2012AA062302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51574067)
文摘The effects of MgO and TiO_2 on the viscosity, activation energy for viscous flow, and break-point temperature of titanium-bearing slag were studied. The correlation between viscosity and slag structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared（FTIR） spectroscopy. Subsequently, main phases in the slag and their content changes were investigated by X-ray diffraction and Factsage 6.4 software package. The results show that the viscosity decreases when the MgO content increases from 10.00wt% to 14.00wt%. Moreover, the break-point temperature increases, and the activation energy for viscous flow initially increases and subsequently decreases. In addition, with increasing TiO_2 content from 5.00wt% to 9.00wt%, the viscosity decreases, and the break-point temperature and activation energy for viscous flow initially decrease and subsequently increase. FTIR analyses reveal that the polymerization degree of complex viscous units in titanium-bearing slag decreases with increasing MgO and TiO_2 contents. The mechanism of viscosity variation was elucidated. The basic phase in experimental slags is melilite. Besides, as the MgO content increases, the amount of magnesia–alumina spinel in the slag increases. Similarly, the sum of pyroxene and perovskite phases in the slag increases with increasing TiO_2 content.
基金financially supported by Henan Scientific and Technological Research Projects ( 112102210095 )Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Henan Province ( 124100510019)the Education Department of Henan Province Foundation ( 14A430030)
文摘Al2 O3-Si-Al composite specimens with the size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 125 mm were prepared using fused alumina （as aggregates and fines）,ultra-fine α-Al2O3,Si and Al powders as starting materials,liquid phenol formaldehyde resin as the binder,pressing and heating at 800-1 500 ℃ for 3 h under carbon embedded condition.Evolution of phase composition and microstructure of Al2 O3-Si-Al composite during heating from 800 to 1 500 ℃ under carbon embedded condition were studied.The results show that：（1） Al4 C3,AlN and SiC are initially formed at 800-900 ℃ due to reactions of Al and Si with C or CO and N2 ; （2） at 1 000-1 300 ℃,the amounts of Al4C3,AlN and SiC increase with temperature rising and their crystals grow; （3） at 1 400-1 500 ℃,Al4 C3 and AlN disappear,and minor SiAlON crystals are observed; the nonoxide crystals develop well and they are interlaced in the corundum skeleton structure,which creates strengthening and toughening
基金supported by Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.14-19-00632)
文摘The phase composition,microstructure and hardening of aluminum-based experimental alloys containing0.3%Sc,0?14%Si and0?10%Ca(mass fraction)were studied.The experimental study(electron microscopy,thermal analysis and hardnessmeasurements)was combined with Thermo-Calc software simulation for the optimization of the alloy composition.It wasdetermined that the maximum hardening corresponded to the annealing at300?350°С,which was due to the precipitation of Al3Scnanoparticles with their further coarsening.The alloys falling into the phase region(Al)+Al4Ca+Al2Si2Ca have demonstrated asignificant hardening effect.The ternary eutectic(Al)+Al4Ca+Al2Si2Ca had a much finer microstructure as compared to the Al?Sieutectic,which suggests a possibility of reaching higher mechanical properties as compared to commercial alloys of the A356type.Unlike commercial alloys of the A356type,the model alloy does not require quenching,as hardening particles are formed in thecourse of annealing of castings.
文摘The rapid development of electric vehicles demands the development of high performance nickel metal hydride battery that is able to endure high temperature. The discharge properties of Ti 0.7 Zr 0.5 V 0.2 Mn 1.8- x Ni x ( x =0.4, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7)hydrogen storage alloys was investigated and its phase composition was analyzed using X ray diffraction. The results show that the cycling life was improved as the content of nickel increases. When x =0.4, 0.8, 1.1 and 1.4, the main phase is MgZn 2 type C14 Laves phase and the second one is cubic TiNi phase. When x =1.7, the Laves phase structure disappears. EDAS analysis shows that the increase of nickel content is effective in suppressing the dissolution of vanadium component in alloys. [
文摘Based on the intersection point rule of the retention value and normal boiling point of homologues in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography(RPLC), the intersection point rule of the retention value of homologues and mobile phase composition has been derived, and was testified by a lot of experimental data from the literature. With this newly proposed equation, we can use the retention value of the compound in one mobile phase composition to predict its retention value in any other mobile phase composition. For fourteen groups of homologues in five mobile phase compositions on five Kinds of columns, the overall average absolute error of 721 data sets is 2.8%.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51174052,51174049,51374062,51374057)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(110402009)
文摘C-rowth rate, microstructure and phase composition of scale layer formed during oxidation in 56 % H2O9%O2 N2 and following continuous cooling in ambient air were experimentally investigated by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy-dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） for 45, 20CrMnTi and TTS443M steels respectively, to examine the effects of strand surface temperature and steel composition on the scale formation in simulated continudus casting process. The growth rates were found to be ap proximately parabolic and the calculated activation energy of TTS443M steel is much higher than those of the two other steels. For 45 and 20CrMnTi steels, the scale layers were looser and a distinct gap formed at the scale-sub strate interface at higher strand surface temperature. The dominant phases within the scale were iron oxides except for FeO · Cr2O3 phase simuhaneously existing in the oxide scale of 20CrMnTi steel. On the other hand, the scale layer formed on TTS443M steel was compact and tightly attached to the steel surface. At both lower and higher strand surface temperature, iron oxide was main phase in external layer of the scale, while chromia was dominant in inner layer with an appreciable Cr enrichment.
基金partly supported by the Russian Foundation for basic Researches(No.16-48-700198)the Tomsk State University competitiveness improvement programme
文摘The effect of TiO;,ZrO;and Na;AlF;ultrafine powders on the fine structure and the phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel was investigated.The introduction of the ultrafine powders into the melt influenced the grain size,the quantity,and the character of distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the railroad frogs.The microstructure of castings was improved significantly because of the refinement of the grain structure and an increase of the grain-boundary area.After the modifying mixture was introduced into the melt,either the microtwins of one or two intersecting systems or the precipitations of ε-martensite of different types,or simultaneously the microtwins and wafers of ε-martensite,were present in each grain.
文摘TiN- Al2O3 composite powder was prepared by aluminothermic reduction- nitridation method with starting materials of aluminum-containing dross and rutile,and metallic aluminum in the aluminum-containing dross as reducer. The influences of synthesis temperature（600-1 400 ℃） and aluminum-containing dross addition（20% lower than theoretical value,theoretical value,20% higher than theoretical value,and 50% higher than theoretical value） on phase compositions and microstructure of the composites were investigated,and the reaction mechanism was analyzed. The results show that（1） TiN- Al2O3 composite powder can be synthesized under the experimental conditions; the main phases are TiN,α-Al2O3,a little bytownite,and MgAl2O4;（2）enhancing synthesis temperature or increasing aluminumcontaining dross addition favors the reaction of aluminothermic reduction- nitridation;（3） in the synthesized products,α-Al2O3 is platy or columnar; TiN is sub-micron granular,which reinforces and toughens the composite.
