Objective: Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is a widespread condition affecting people of all ages globally. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a medical device containing the combined ...Objective: Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is a widespread condition affecting people of all ages globally. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a medical device containing the combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) formulation in managing throat pain in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. With the growing resistance to traditional antibacterial treatments, essential oils have attracted interest for their potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Results: The study involved 81 patients randomly divided into two groups: those taking a medical device containing combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) and those taking a placebo. A questionnaire was used to assess throat pain among the participants, with 45 receiving the CDNEO and 36 the placebo. The CDNEO group experienced a significant reduction in throat pain, with the average VAS score decreasing from 5.36 to 1.09, compared to the placebo group, which saw a decrease from 4.97 to 2.19. This difference, with p Conclusion: By using a double-blind research method, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the oils more objectively, since there was also a control placebo group. The study shows that CDNEO significantly reduces throat pain and decreases the need for additional pain relief medication in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. The findings suggest that natural essential oils could serve as an alternative treatment for pharyngitis, particularly in efforts to minimize NSAID use and combat antibiotic resistance.展开更多
AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of ...AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of chronic pharyngitis refractory over three months were prospectively studied from March 2004 to August 2004 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporated with fluorescence polarization detection （TDI-FP） and modified Giemsa stain were used to examine pharynx mucous membrane tissue for H pylori colonization in the patients with chronic pharyngitis and the healthy people as a control group. RESULTS： In the control group, no people were detected to have Hpylori in the pharynx. In contrast, in 50 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 19 （38.0%） cases were H pylori positive with a TDI-FP assay and 4 （8%） cases were TDI-FP positive with Giemsa staining in the pharynx. Sixteen of the 50 pharyngitis cases had stomach ailment history, 11 cases （68.8%） of these 16 patients were determined to be H pylori positive in the pharynx with the TDI-FP assay. 2,2 test showed that this infection rate was remarkably higher （P= 0.0007） than that in the cases without stomach ailment history. Giemsa staining showed that 3 cases （18.8%） of the patients with stomach ailment history were infected with H pylori in the pharynx, which was remarkably higher （P = 0.042） than that in the patients without stomach ailment history （1 case, which was 2.9%）. CONCLUSION： H pylori may not be detected in the pharynx of healthy people. Chronic pharyngitis may be related to H pylori infection. The infection rate with Hpylori in the pharynx is higher in patients with stomach ailment histories than in patients without stomach ailment histories, suggesting that chronic pharyngitis may be related to stomach ailment history.展开更多
Sore throatis one of the most prominentclinical manifestations seen among mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)modalities,especially Chinese herbs,have accumulated rich exp...Sore throatis one of the most prominentclinical manifestations seen among mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)modalities,especially Chinese herbs,have accumulated rich experience in successfully treating sore throats in both acute and chronic pharyngitis.By sharing a real-world case study of three patients suffering pharyngeal discomfort including sore throat that might be related to the new coronavirus infection and have similar manifestations to general viral-induced pharyngitis,the article systematically presents and summarizes key Chinese herbsfor acute and chronic pharyngitis based on TCM herbal prescriptions(principles of herbal formula writing)below:clearing heat and removing toxins,nourishing yin and the throat,loosening the stools and soothing the throat,along withTCM syndrome differentiation ordisease differentiation andtreatment.Moreover,a modern interpretation of these principles in terms of the relationship between Shanghuo and Fire Rising,which may often be characterized by local redness,swelling,fever,and pain in the mouth or throat along with possible inflammation,and the correspondence between the pharynx and the anus are proposed.Finally,the article will share their experience in applying specific herbs locally via various pharyngeal deliverymodalities to improve efficacy including recommended prescriptions fora variety of acute and chronic pharyngitis,as well as those that may be caused by the new coronavirus infection.展开更多
Background: We aimed at determining whether the pathogenic bacteria at the onset of disease are genetically different and whether this affects future choice of the therapeutic methods against group A β-hemolytic stre...Background: We aimed at determining whether the pathogenic bacteria at the onset of disease are genetically different and whether this affects future choice of the therapeutic methods against group A β-hemolytic streptococcal acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis. Methods: A pharynx swab was collected from pediatric patients who visited our hospital. The swab was cultured, and hemolytic streptococcus was detected 230 times. We isolated pathogenic bacteria of patients infected more than once and examined the bacteria using pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Based on gene search results, we found that if the period of developing relapse was within 1 month from the first infection, all patients had the same gene. However, all patients in whom reinfection occurred after 6 months or later had different pertinent genes. Conclusions: The number of relapse/reinfection is significant for this disease, and considerably caution is essential for its treatment. No changes to antibacterial drug administration may be necessary for the second administration unless more than 6 months have passed since the first infection.展开更多
Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection disease...Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. This study aim to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes from children with pharyngitis and to evaluate the molecular identification of S. pyogenes compared with conventional methods. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 200 throat swab samples which were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Wad medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Wad medani ENT hospital from January to November 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were tested with the standard microbiological techniques to isolated Group A streptococcus (GAS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, PCR was used to identify Spy 1258 gene of isolated bacteria. Results: From all throat swab samples screened, 51 isolates (25.5%) were identified as GAS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Based on PCR identification of Spy 1258 gene the percentage of isolated bacteria was 21%. Conclusion: The rate of isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% by conventional methods and 21% by PCR. The bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. The Spy 1258 gene was specific for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes.展开更多
Objective: As a Chinese drugs preparation to clear heat and remove toxicity, Shuanghuanglian (SHL) has been widely used, but the clinical efficacy and safety of SHL on chronic pharyngitis remain unclear, especially th...Objective: As a Chinese drugs preparation to clear heat and remove toxicity, Shuanghuanglian (SHL) has been widely used, but the clinical efficacy and safety of SHL on chronic pharyngitis remain unclear, especially the application of atomized inhalation of SHL need to be verified. The aim of this study was to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety for chronic pharyngitis. Methods: From the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMbase, Wanfang Datebase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chinese Scientifc Journals Database), CBM (Chinese Biomedicine Database), We got the qualified randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and adopted RevMan5.3 software and the risk of bias tool according to the Cochrane to perform a metaanalysis. Results: Ten RCTs, a total of 950 cases (involving 472 cases in SHL group and 478 in control group) were included. The results showed that the clinical efficacy in SHL group was superior to control group [Chi2=5.61, 95%CI (4.29, 11.43), P<0.05], and four literatures reported no obvious adverse reactions in SHL group. Conclusion: Application of atomized inhalation of SHL may have a potential advantage in treating chronic pharyngitis. However, due to the limitation of the quality and sample size of those studies, the accuracy of the result should be treated with caution, higher standardized researches are required to justify the conclusion.展开更多
Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential thera...Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of FF-FN drug pair were obtained from TCMSP firstly,and databases GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM and PharmGKB were utilized to get the genes related to AP and the intersection of the results was obtained.Then Cytoscape software was used to construct drug-component-target network diagram to screen out the key compounds.Protein interaction network(PPI)was established using String database,and the core targets were screened by CytoNCA topology analysis.R language software was used for GO biological function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the docking verification of key compounds and core target molecules was carried out by AutoDock software.Results:A total of 38 active compounds and 917 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from FF-FN drug pair,while a total of 1534 targets were screened out for AP,among which,the number of intersection targets was 117.7 core targets were screened out from PPI core network,with JUN,TP53,CXCL8 and RELA included.A total of 2487 biological processes were involved in GO enrichment analysis,and 157 related pathways were screened out by KEGG.Based on results of molecular docking verification,the key compounds such as quercetin,luteolin and wogonin in FF-FN drug pair were proved capable of binding to the core targets and a good affinity was shown.Conclusion:FF-FN pair can intervene AP through multiple targets and multiple pathways,including PI3KAkts signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.The combination of quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol with JUN,RELA,MAPK1,TNF and MYC can possibly be one of the mechanisms regarding to the therapeutic effect.展开更多
Objective: to study the actual situation after the choice of treatment of the included objects. Methods: there were 120 study subjects with chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, and the subjects were grouped equally, and ...Objective: to study the actual situation after the choice of treatment of the included objects. Methods: there were 120 study subjects with chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, and the subjects were grouped equally, and different treatments were implemented respectively. Sixty subjects were treated with conventional treatment and sixty subjects were treated with microwave. Results: in terms of all the known study indicators, the observation group was more effective, (P 0.05). Conclusion: the treatment method of the included object was more effective.展开更多
Objective: to explore the clinical efficacy of Sheshao Qingyan Decoction in treating 30 cases of acute pharyngitis. Methods: from March 2020 to January 2022, 30 patients with acute pharyngitis due to wind-heat syndrom...Objective: to explore the clinical efficacy of Sheshao Qingyan Decoction in treating 30 cases of acute pharyngitis. Methods: from March 2020 to January 2022, 30 patients with acute pharyngitis due to wind-heat syndrome were treated with Sheshao Qingyan Decoction in our hospital, and the clinical effect was observed and analyzed. Results: the total effective rate was 96.66%, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 3.33%. Conclusion: for acute pharyngitis patients with wind-heat syndrome, the application of Sheshao Qingyan Decoction can not only effectively improve the symptoms of patients to a certain extent, but also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions after treatment, so it is worthy of further clinical application.展开更多
Objective: to explore the clinical application of open-throat sword spray in the treatment of children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis is significant or not. Methods: 50 children with acute ph...Objective: to explore the clinical application of open-throat sword spray in the treatment of children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis is significant or not. Methods: 50 children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis treated in pediatrics of our hospital from June 2020 to January 2021 were divided into groups according to the order of admission for diagnosis and treatment. The groups were named control group and experimental group, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing mode in 25 cases, and the remaining 25 cases were automatically incorporated into the experimental group and were treated with open-throat sword spray treatment. The treatment lasted for 15 days. After the end of the treatment, full-time nurses were responsible for recording the clinical efficacy, blood picture index and adverse reactions of the two groups in detail. Results: the clinical efficacy, blood index and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The total effective rate, c-reactive protein, neutrophil level, white blood cell count and the incidence of adverse reactions were significantly different between the two groups. The total effective rate, c-reactive protein, neutrophil level and white blood cell count in experimental group were significantly better than those in control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: in the clinical treatment of children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis, taking open throat spray can achieve significant clinical curative effect, significantly better than conventional western medicine treatment, not only reduces the incidence of adverse reactions, but also improves the clinical symptoms of children, it is the ideal treatment plan for children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis.展开更多
Objective: to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for inhalation of aerosolized acute chronic pharyngitis. Methods: 73 patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis were randomly divided into two groups, 36 cases...Objective: to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for inhalation of aerosolized acute chronic pharyngitis. Methods: 73 patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis were randomly divided into two groups, 36 cases in the control group and 37 cases in the study group. Results: the total efficiency of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: the reasonable nursing intervention can accelerate the recovery of patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis by atomizing inhalation, which is worth popularizing.展开更多
KangBingDuKouFuYe(KBDKFY)is widely used to treat influenza,upper respiratory tract infections,mumps and other diseases.Due to their diverse active ingredients,it is believed that they may have excellent anti-inflammat...KangBingDuKouFuYe(KBDKFY)is widely used to treat influenza,upper respiratory tract infections,mumps and other diseases.Due to their diverse active ingredients,it is believed that they may have excellent anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and antiviral effects.Therefore,we believe they may have multiple therapeutic targets for throat inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infections.This study utilizes network pharmacology methods to analyze the therapeutic effects of KBDKFY on Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis,aiming to identify its active ingredients,action targets and related pathways through molecular docking.Additionally,it determines the affinity between the main active ingredient and the core target before conducting in vitro bacteriostatic tests.The analysis results show that KBDKFY contains multiple active ingredients and potential targets for treating Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis.KEGG enrichment analysis indicates that KBDKFY may have therapeutic effects on these conditions through pathways such as pathways in cancer,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and others.This provides a theoretical basis for further exploring pharmacological effects and clinical applications of KBDKFY.展开更多
Objective： In order to investigate method for treating chronic pharyngitis. the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus cupping Methods： Sixty patients with chronic simple pharyngitis were randomly divided into two g...Objective： In order to investigate method for treating chronic pharyngitis. the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus cupping Methods： Sixty patients with chronic simple pharyngitis were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases in the treatment group were treated by acupuncture plus cupping method and 30 cases in the control group by routine anti-inflammatory and antiviral therapy. The clinical effects were observed in the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group and 80.0% in the control group. The therapeutic effect was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion ： Acupuncture plus cupping method has a good effect for chronic simple pharyngitis.展开更多
Chronic pharyngitis is a clinically common and frequent-occurring disease, termed as ＂chronic throat Bi-Impediment syndrome＂ in Chinese medicine, and mostly occurs in winter and spring[1-2]. Based upon the theory of...Chronic pharyngitis is a clinically common and frequent-occurring disease, termed as ＂chronic throat Bi-Impediment syndrome＂ in Chinese medicine, and mostly occurs in winter and spring[1-2]. Based upon the theory of traditional Chinese medicine to support the anti-pathogenic ability and expel pathogen, chronic pharyngitis was prevented and treated by acupoint sticking therapy from 2007 in our clinic. Now, the report is given as follows.展开更多
Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness of abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian in treating chronic pharyngitis. Methods：Thirty eligible subjects with chronic pharyngit...Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness of abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian in treating chronic pharyngitis. Methods：Thirty eligible subjects with chronic pharyngitis were given abdominal acupuncture plus needling Lieque （LU 7） and Zhaohai （KI 6）, two out of the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian, once a day, 10 sessions as a course, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after a treatment course. Results：After a treatment course, of the 30 subjects, 21 were recovered, 5 showed markedly effective, 2 were improved, and 2 failed,the total effective rate was 93.3%. Conclusion：Abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian is effective in treating chronic pharyngitis, worth promoting in clinic.展开更多
Pharyngitis is common in children,accounting for nearly 12 million visits annually in the United States.Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus(GAS)is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis for which a...Pharyngitis is common in children,accounting for nearly 12 million visits annually in the United States.Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus(GAS)is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis for which antibiotics are indicated.Antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis virtually eliminates the presence of bacteria from the pharynx and thus removes the risk of subsequent rheumatic fever.GAS is spread from person to person via respiratory droplets with a short incubation period of 2~5 days.GAS pharyngitis peaks in the late winter and early spring months when children are predominately indoors for school and sports.Colonization is also higher in winter months,and while up to 20%of school age children are colonized with GAS in their throat during this time,colonization has not been shown to contribute to the spread of disease.In low-and middle-income countries and other situations in which crowding is common(e.g.,schools),outbreaks of pharyngitis are common.GAS pharyngitis can occur at all ages and it is most common in school-aged children with a peak at 7~8 years of age.Pharyngitis caused by GAS is rare in children<3 years of age and becomes much less common in late adolescence through adulthood.展开更多
Importance:The use of the rapid antigen-detection test(RADT)has become the standard of care in the early diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus(GAS)pharyngitis.Concern has been expressed over increased fals...Importance:The use of the rapid antigen-detection test(RADT)has become the standard of care in the early diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus(GAS)pharyngitis.Concern has been expressed over increased false positives when the child had been treated recently for GAS pharyngitis,resulting in over use of antibiotics.Objective:To determine if the false positive rate for RADT is increased in children recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.Methods:We conducted a prospective study to evaluate 300 children from a private practice with acute pharyngitis who were treated for GAS pharyngitis within the preceding 28 days(study group)compared to 306 children of comparable age who had not been previously treated(control group).RADT and throat culture were performed on all children presenting with signs and symptoms of acute pharyngitis.The false positive and false negative rates were determined and compared in both groups.results:The false positive rate of 11.5%(23/200)in the study group was significantly higher than the false positive rate of 0 in the control group.False positives were more likely to occur in younger children.Interpretation:These data would indicate that while RADT is reliable in most children,it can lead to over treatment in children who have been recently treated for GAS.In children treated in the preceding 28 days for GAS pharyngitis,the presence of infection should be determined with a throat culture only.Treatment based on a positive RADT should be reserved for children not recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is often managed with surgery,which is the first-line treatment option for stage I–III lesions.However,definitive chemoradiotherapy(dCRT)is associated with a recurre...BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is often managed with surgery,which is the first-line treatment option for stage I–III lesions.However,definitive chemoradiotherapy(dCRT)is associated with a recurrence rate of 30%in stage I ESCC and higher rates in advanced-staged lesions.However,several patients prefer dCRT because their general condition is poor.Salvage therapies,including esophagectomy and endoscopic resection[endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)/endoscopic mucosal resection],are important for residual or recurrent tumors that develop after dCRT.Esophagectomy can have curative potential.However,it has high complication and mortality rates.Therefore,ESD is a safer alternative.CASE SUMMARY A Japanese man in his 70s was concurrently diagnosed with right hypopha-ryngeal cancer(T2N1M0,cStage III),left oropharyngeal cancer(T1N0M0,cStage I),and left hard palate cancer(T1N0M0,cStage I).Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)revealed a 20 mm reddish 0-Is+IIb lesion in the upper thoracic esophagus,with an invasion depth of SM2.The lesion was diagnosed as an esophageal mo-derately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(T1bN0M0,cStage I).As the pharyngeal cancers were in advanced stages,chemoradiotherapy(docetaxel and cisplatin with a radiation dose of 66 Gy)was prioritized.Post-chemoradiotherapy EGD showed that the lesion had flattened into a 0-IIb lesion,thereby indicating a reduced invasion depth(epi-thelium or lamina propria mucosa).ESD achieved en bloc and histologically confirmed curative resection.At 22 months after ESD,the patient did not present with signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes that ESD can be successfully utilized as a salvage treatment for ESCC after chemoradio-therapy for otolaryngological cancers.展开更多
Pharyngeal cartilage morphogenesis is crucial for the formation of craniofacial structures.Cranial neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border,migrate to pharyngeal arches,and differentiate into pharyn...Pharyngeal cartilage morphogenesis is crucial for the formation of craniofacial structures.Cranial neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border,migrate to pharyngeal arches,and differentiate into pharyngeal chondrocytes,which subsequently flatten,elongate,and stack like coins during maturation.Although the developmental processes prior to chondrocyte maturation have been extensively studied,their subsequent changes in morphology and organization remain largely elusive.Here,we show that wnt2bb is expressed in the pharyngeal ectoderm adjacent to the chondrogenic precursor cells in zebrafish.Inactivation of Wnt2bb leads to a reduction in nuclearβ-catenin,which impairs chondrogenic precursor proliferation and disrupts chondrocyte morphogenesis and organization,eventually causing a severe shrinkage of pharyngeal cartilages.Moreover,the decrease ofβ-catenin in wnt2bb^(-/-)mutants is accompanied by the reduction of Yap expression.Reactivation of Yap can restore the proliferation of chondrocyte progenitors as well as the proper size,shape,and stacking of pharyngeal chondrocytes.Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Yap expression to regulate pharyngeal cartilage formation in zebrafish.展开更多
文摘Objective: Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is a widespread condition affecting people of all ages globally. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a medical device containing the combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) formulation in managing throat pain in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. With the growing resistance to traditional antibacterial treatments, essential oils have attracted interest for their potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Results: The study involved 81 patients randomly divided into two groups: those taking a medical device containing combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) and those taking a placebo. A questionnaire was used to assess throat pain among the participants, with 45 receiving the CDNEO and 36 the placebo. The CDNEO group experienced a significant reduction in throat pain, with the average VAS score decreasing from 5.36 to 1.09, compared to the placebo group, which saw a decrease from 4.97 to 2.19. This difference, with p Conclusion: By using a double-blind research method, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the oils more objectively, since there was also a control placebo group. The study shows that CDNEO significantly reduces throat pain and decreases the need for additional pain relief medication in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. The findings suggest that natural essential oils could serve as an alternative treatment for pharyngitis, particularly in efforts to minimize NSAID use and combat antibiotic resistance.
基金Supported by a grant from the Bureau of Health in Shaanxi Province,No.2002 02D24 and grants No.NSFC30440080No.NIDCD R21 DC005846
文摘AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of chronic pharyngitis refractory over three months were prospectively studied from March 2004 to August 2004 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporated with fluorescence polarization detection （TDI-FP） and modified Giemsa stain were used to examine pharynx mucous membrane tissue for H pylori colonization in the patients with chronic pharyngitis and the healthy people as a control group. RESULTS： In the control group, no people were detected to have Hpylori in the pharynx. In contrast, in 50 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 19 （38.0%） cases were H pylori positive with a TDI-FP assay and 4 （8%） cases were TDI-FP positive with Giemsa staining in the pharynx. Sixteen of the 50 pharyngitis cases had stomach ailment history, 11 cases （68.8%） of these 16 patients were determined to be H pylori positive in the pharynx with the TDI-FP assay. 2,2 test showed that this infection rate was remarkably higher （P= 0.0007） than that in the cases without stomach ailment history. Giemsa staining showed that 3 cases （18.8%） of the patients with stomach ailment history were infected with H pylori in the pharynx, which was remarkably higher （P = 0.042） than that in the patients without stomach ailment history （1 case, which was 2.9%）. CONCLUSION： H pylori may not be detected in the pharynx of healthy people. Chronic pharyngitis may be related to H pylori infection. The infection rate with Hpylori in the pharynx is higher in patients with stomach ailment histories than in patients without stomach ailment histories, suggesting that chronic pharyngitis may be related to stomach ailment history.
文摘Sore throatis one of the most prominentclinical manifestations seen among mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)modalities,especially Chinese herbs,have accumulated rich experience in successfully treating sore throats in both acute and chronic pharyngitis.By sharing a real-world case study of three patients suffering pharyngeal discomfort including sore throat that might be related to the new coronavirus infection and have similar manifestations to general viral-induced pharyngitis,the article systematically presents and summarizes key Chinese herbsfor acute and chronic pharyngitis based on TCM herbal prescriptions(principles of herbal formula writing)below:clearing heat and removing toxins,nourishing yin and the throat,loosening the stools and soothing the throat,along withTCM syndrome differentiation ordisease differentiation andtreatment.Moreover,a modern interpretation of these principles in terms of the relationship between Shanghuo and Fire Rising,which may often be characterized by local redness,swelling,fever,and pain in the mouth or throat along with possible inflammation,and the correspondence between the pharynx and the anus are proposed.Finally,the article will share their experience in applying specific herbs locally via various pharyngeal deliverymodalities to improve efficacy including recommended prescriptions fora variety of acute and chronic pharyngitis,as well as those that may be caused by the new coronavirus infection.
文摘Background: We aimed at determining whether the pathogenic bacteria at the onset of disease are genetically different and whether this affects future choice of the therapeutic methods against group A β-hemolytic streptococcal acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis. Methods: A pharynx swab was collected from pediatric patients who visited our hospital. The swab was cultured, and hemolytic streptococcus was detected 230 times. We isolated pathogenic bacteria of patients infected more than once and examined the bacteria using pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Based on gene search results, we found that if the period of developing relapse was within 1 month from the first infection, all patients had the same gene. However, all patients in whom reinfection occurred after 6 months or later had different pertinent genes. Conclusions: The number of relapse/reinfection is significant for this disease, and considerably caution is essential for its treatment. No changes to antibacterial drug administration may be necessary for the second administration unless more than 6 months have passed since the first infection.
文摘Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. This study aim to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes from children with pharyngitis and to evaluate the molecular identification of S. pyogenes compared with conventional methods. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 200 throat swab samples which were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Wad medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Wad medani ENT hospital from January to November 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were tested with the standard microbiological techniques to isolated Group A streptococcus (GAS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, PCR was used to identify Spy 1258 gene of isolated bacteria. Results: From all throat swab samples screened, 51 isolates (25.5%) were identified as GAS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Based on PCR identification of Spy 1258 gene the percentage of isolated bacteria was 21%. Conclusion: The rate of isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% by conventional methods and 21% by PCR. The bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. The Spy 1258 gene was specific for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes.
文摘Objective: As a Chinese drugs preparation to clear heat and remove toxicity, Shuanghuanglian (SHL) has been widely used, but the clinical efficacy and safety of SHL on chronic pharyngitis remain unclear, especially the application of atomized inhalation of SHL need to be verified. The aim of this study was to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety for chronic pharyngitis. Methods: From the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMbase, Wanfang Datebase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chinese Scientifc Journals Database), CBM (Chinese Biomedicine Database), We got the qualified randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and adopted RevMan5.3 software and the risk of bias tool according to the Cochrane to perform a metaanalysis. Results: Ten RCTs, a total of 950 cases (involving 472 cases in SHL group and 478 in control group) were included. The results showed that the clinical efficacy in SHL group was superior to control group [Chi2=5.61, 95%CI (4.29, 11.43), P<0.05], and four literatures reported no obvious adverse reactions in SHL group. Conclusion: Application of atomized inhalation of SHL may have a potential advantage in treating chronic pharyngitis. However, due to the limitation of the quality and sample size of those studies, the accuracy of the result should be treated with caution, higher standardized researches are required to justify the conclusion.
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of FF-FN drug pair were obtained from TCMSP firstly,and databases GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM and PharmGKB were utilized to get the genes related to AP and the intersection of the results was obtained.Then Cytoscape software was used to construct drug-component-target network diagram to screen out the key compounds.Protein interaction network(PPI)was established using String database,and the core targets were screened by CytoNCA topology analysis.R language software was used for GO biological function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the docking verification of key compounds and core target molecules was carried out by AutoDock software.Results:A total of 38 active compounds and 917 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from FF-FN drug pair,while a total of 1534 targets were screened out for AP,among which,the number of intersection targets was 117.7 core targets were screened out from PPI core network,with JUN,TP53,CXCL8 and RELA included.A total of 2487 biological processes were involved in GO enrichment analysis,and 157 related pathways were screened out by KEGG.Based on results of molecular docking verification,the key compounds such as quercetin,luteolin and wogonin in FF-FN drug pair were proved capable of binding to the core targets and a good affinity was shown.Conclusion:FF-FN pair can intervene AP through multiple targets and multiple pathways,including PI3KAkts signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.The combination of quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol with JUN,RELA,MAPK1,TNF and MYC can possibly be one of the mechanisms regarding to the therapeutic effect.
文摘Objective: to study the actual situation after the choice of treatment of the included objects. Methods: there were 120 study subjects with chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis, and the subjects were grouped equally, and different treatments were implemented respectively. Sixty subjects were treated with conventional treatment and sixty subjects were treated with microwave. Results: in terms of all the known study indicators, the observation group was more effective, (P 0.05). Conclusion: the treatment method of the included object was more effective.
文摘Objective: to explore the clinical efficacy of Sheshao Qingyan Decoction in treating 30 cases of acute pharyngitis. Methods: from March 2020 to January 2022, 30 patients with acute pharyngitis due to wind-heat syndrome were treated with Sheshao Qingyan Decoction in our hospital, and the clinical effect was observed and analyzed. Results: the total effective rate was 96.66%, and the incidence of adverse reactions was 3.33%. Conclusion: for acute pharyngitis patients with wind-heat syndrome, the application of Sheshao Qingyan Decoction can not only effectively improve the symptoms of patients to a certain extent, but also reduce the incidence of adverse reactions after treatment, so it is worthy of further clinical application.
文摘Objective: to explore the clinical application of open-throat sword spray in the treatment of children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis is significant or not. Methods: 50 children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis treated in pediatrics of our hospital from June 2020 to January 2021 were divided into groups according to the order of admission for diagnosis and treatment. The groups were named control group and experimental group, with 25 patients in each group. The control group was given routine nursing mode in 25 cases, and the remaining 25 cases were automatically incorporated into the experimental group and were treated with open-throat sword spray treatment. The treatment lasted for 15 days. After the end of the treatment, full-time nurses were responsible for recording the clinical efficacy, blood picture index and adverse reactions of the two groups in detail. Results: the clinical efficacy, blood index and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The total effective rate, c-reactive protein, neutrophil level, white blood cell count and the incidence of adverse reactions were significantly different between the two groups. The total effective rate, c-reactive protein, neutrophil level and white blood cell count in experimental group were significantly better than those in control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: in the clinical treatment of children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis, taking open throat spray can achieve significant clinical curative effect, significantly better than conventional western medicine treatment, not only reduces the incidence of adverse reactions, but also improves the clinical symptoms of children, it is the ideal treatment plan for children with acute pharyngitis and acute suppurative tonsillitis.
文摘Objective: to analyze the effect of nursing intervention for inhalation of aerosolized acute chronic pharyngitis. Methods: 73 patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis were randomly divided into two groups, 36 cases in the control group and 37 cases in the study group. Results: the total efficiency of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: the reasonable nursing intervention can accelerate the recovery of patients with acute and chronic pharyngitis by atomizing inhalation, which is worth popularizing.
基金supported by Scientific Research Fund Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province(LJKZ0960)Science Foundation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(GGJJ2021105)National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project.
文摘KangBingDuKouFuYe(KBDKFY)is widely used to treat influenza,upper respiratory tract infections,mumps and other diseases.Due to their diverse active ingredients,it is believed that they may have excellent anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and antiviral effects.Therefore,we believe they may have multiple therapeutic targets for throat inflammation caused by bacterial or viral infections.This study utilizes network pharmacology methods to analyze the therapeutic effects of KBDKFY on Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis,aiming to identify its active ingredients,action targets and related pathways through molecular docking.Additionally,it determines the affinity between the main active ingredient and the core target before conducting in vitro bacteriostatic tests.The analysis results show that KBDKFY contains multiple active ingredients and potential targets for treating Bacterial Pharyngeal Tonsillitis and Viral Pharyngitis.KEGG enrichment analysis indicates that KBDKFY may have therapeutic effects on these conditions through pathways such as pathways in cancer,Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,and others.This provides a theoretical basis for further exploring pharmacological effects and clinical applications of KBDKFY.
文摘Objective： In order to investigate method for treating chronic pharyngitis. the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus cupping Methods： Sixty patients with chronic simple pharyngitis were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases in the treatment group were treated by acupuncture plus cupping method and 30 cases in the control group by routine anti-inflammatory and antiviral therapy. The clinical effects were observed in the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group and 80.0% in the control group. The therapeutic effect was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion ： Acupuncture plus cupping method has a good effect for chronic simple pharyngitis.
文摘Chronic pharyngitis is a clinically common and frequent-occurring disease, termed as ＂chronic throat Bi-Impediment syndrome＂ in Chinese medicine, and mostly occurs in winter and spring[1-2]. Based upon the theory of traditional Chinese medicine to support the anti-pathogenic ability and expel pathogen, chronic pharyngitis was prevented and treated by acupoint sticking therapy from 2007 in our clinic. Now, the report is given as follows.
文摘Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness of abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian in treating chronic pharyngitis. Methods：Thirty eligible subjects with chronic pharyngitis were given abdominal acupuncture plus needling Lieque （LU 7） and Zhaohai （KI 6）, two out of the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian, once a day, 10 sessions as a course, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after a treatment course. Results：After a treatment course, of the 30 subjects, 21 were recovered, 5 showed markedly effective, 2 were improved, and 2 failed,the total effective rate was 93.3%. Conclusion：Abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian is effective in treating chronic pharyngitis, worth promoting in clinic.
文摘Pharyngitis is common in children,accounting for nearly 12 million visits annually in the United States.Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus(GAS)is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis for which antibiotics are indicated.Antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis virtually eliminates the presence of bacteria from the pharynx and thus removes the risk of subsequent rheumatic fever.GAS is spread from person to person via respiratory droplets with a short incubation period of 2~5 days.GAS pharyngitis peaks in the late winter and early spring months when children are predominately indoors for school and sports.Colonization is also higher in winter months,and while up to 20%of school age children are colonized with GAS in their throat during this time,colonization has not been shown to contribute to the spread of disease.In low-and middle-income countries and other situations in which crowding is common(e.g.,schools),outbreaks of pharyngitis are common.GAS pharyngitis can occur at all ages and it is most common in school-aged children with a peak at 7~8 years of age.Pharyngitis caused by GAS is rare in children<3 years of age and becomes much less common in late adolescence through adulthood.
文摘Importance:The use of the rapid antigen-detection test(RADT)has become the standard of care in the early diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus(GAS)pharyngitis.Concern has been expressed over increased false positives when the child had been treated recently for GAS pharyngitis,resulting in over use of antibiotics.Objective:To determine if the false positive rate for RADT is increased in children recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.Methods:We conducted a prospective study to evaluate 300 children from a private practice with acute pharyngitis who were treated for GAS pharyngitis within the preceding 28 days(study group)compared to 306 children of comparable age who had not been previously treated(control group).RADT and throat culture were performed on all children presenting with signs and symptoms of acute pharyngitis.The false positive and false negative rates were determined and compared in both groups.results:The false positive rate of 11.5%(23/200)in the study group was significantly higher than the false positive rate of 0 in the control group.False positives were more likely to occur in younger children.Interpretation:These data would indicate that while RADT is reliable in most children,it can lead to over treatment in children who have been recently treated for GAS.In children treated in the preceding 28 days for GAS pharyngitis,the presence of infection should be determined with a throat culture only.Treatment based on a positive RADT should be reserved for children not recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is often managed with surgery,which is the first-line treatment option for stage I–III lesions.However,definitive chemoradiotherapy(dCRT)is associated with a recurrence rate of 30%in stage I ESCC and higher rates in advanced-staged lesions.However,several patients prefer dCRT because their general condition is poor.Salvage therapies,including esophagectomy and endoscopic resection[endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)/endoscopic mucosal resection],are important for residual or recurrent tumors that develop after dCRT.Esophagectomy can have curative potential.However,it has high complication and mortality rates.Therefore,ESD is a safer alternative.CASE SUMMARY A Japanese man in his 70s was concurrently diagnosed with right hypopha-ryngeal cancer(T2N1M0,cStage III),left oropharyngeal cancer(T1N0M0,cStage I),and left hard palate cancer(T1N0M0,cStage I).Esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)revealed a 20 mm reddish 0-Is+IIb lesion in the upper thoracic esophagus,with an invasion depth of SM2.The lesion was diagnosed as an esophageal mo-derately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma(T1bN0M0,cStage I).As the pharyngeal cancers were in advanced stages,chemoradiotherapy(docetaxel and cisplatin with a radiation dose of 66 Gy)was prioritized.Post-chemoradiotherapy EGD showed that the lesion had flattened into a 0-IIb lesion,thereby indicating a reduced invasion depth(epi-thelium or lamina propria mucosa).ESD achieved en bloc and histologically confirmed curative resection.At 22 months after ESD,the patient did not present with signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION This case emphasizes that ESD can be successfully utilized as a salvage treatment for ESCC after chemoradio-therapy for otolaryngological cancers.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025014 and 32330029 to Q.W.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0804000 to Q.W.)+2 种基金Guangdong Excellent Youth Team Project(2024B1515040019 to Q.W.)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(202201010323 to X.H.)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(to Q.W.).
文摘Pharyngeal cartilage morphogenesis is crucial for the formation of craniofacial structures.Cranial neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border,migrate to pharyngeal arches,and differentiate into pharyngeal chondrocytes,which subsequently flatten,elongate,and stack like coins during maturation.Although the developmental processes prior to chondrocyte maturation have been extensively studied,their subsequent changes in morphology and organization remain largely elusive.Here,we show that wnt2bb is expressed in the pharyngeal ectoderm adjacent to the chondrogenic precursor cells in zebrafish.Inactivation of Wnt2bb leads to a reduction in nuclearβ-catenin,which impairs chondrogenic precursor proliferation and disrupts chondrocyte morphogenesis and organization,eventually causing a severe shrinkage of pharyngeal cartilages.Moreover,the decrease ofβ-catenin in wnt2bb^(-/-)mutants is accompanied by the reduction of Yap expression.Reactivation of Yap can restore the proliferation of chondrocyte progenitors as well as the proper size,shape,and stacking of pharyngeal chondrocytes.Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes Yap expression to regulate pharyngeal cartilage formation in zebrafish.
