The polymorphism of D-Mannitol(mannitol) is reviewed in this paper. It was found that the structure of the stable form is consistent in most literatures, but different authors have given different information about th...The polymorphism of D-Mannitol(mannitol) is reviewed in this paper. It was found that the structure of the stable form is consistent in most literatures, but different authors have given different information about the two metastable forms. Therefore the commonly used nomenclature of mannitol was summarized based on the crystal unit cell parameters with the help of X-ray powder diffraction. Moreover, the crystal growth mechanism of mannitol polymorphs was summarized. Considering the lack of kinetic data for the metastable form especially, a reported method was attempted to apply to δ mannitol in an aqueous cooling crystallization process based on the induction time previously measured, and it was identified that the growth of the δ form follows the two-dimensional(2D) nucleationmediated mechanism. The results also indicate that the method based on induction time and supersaturation should have the potential to be expanded to the metastable polymorphs for the growth property study in a bulk system.展开更多
目的探讨临床药师在个体化降血压中的作用。方法回顾临床药师参与1例H型高血压治疗案例。结果患者MTHFR(C677T)基因型为TT型突变纯合型,临床药师建议医生修改治疗方案,患者血浆同型半胱氨酸由61.5μmol·L^(-1)降至16.0μmol·L...目的探讨临床药师在个体化降血压中的作用。方法回顾临床药师参与1例H型高血压治疗案例。结果患者MTHFR(C677T)基因型为TT型突变纯合型,临床药师建议医生修改治疗方案,患者血浆同型半胱氨酸由61.5μmol·L^(-1)降至16.0μmol·L^(-1),血压由173/111 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)降至130/80 mmHg。结论临床药师通过基因检测为患者提供个体化降压方案,保障患者用药安全、有效。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21406049)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2015202090)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M581283)
文摘The polymorphism of D-Mannitol(mannitol) is reviewed in this paper. It was found that the structure of the stable form is consistent in most literatures, but different authors have given different information about the two metastable forms. Therefore the commonly used nomenclature of mannitol was summarized based on the crystal unit cell parameters with the help of X-ray powder diffraction. Moreover, the crystal growth mechanism of mannitol polymorphs was summarized. Considering the lack of kinetic data for the metastable form especially, a reported method was attempted to apply to δ mannitol in an aqueous cooling crystallization process based on the induction time previously measured, and it was identified that the growth of the δ form follows the two-dimensional(2D) nucleationmediated mechanism. The results also indicate that the method based on induction time and supersaturation should have the potential to be expanded to the metastable polymorphs for the growth property study in a bulk system.
文摘目的探讨临床药师在个体化降血压中的作用。方法回顾临床药师参与1例H型高血压治疗案例。结果患者MTHFR(C677T)基因型为TT型突变纯合型,临床药师建议医生修改治疗方案,患者血浆同型半胱氨酸由61.5μmol·L^(-1)降至16.0μmol·L^(-1),血压由173/111 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa)降至130/80 mmHg。结论临床药师通过基因检测为患者提供个体化降压方案,保障患者用药安全、有效。
