Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose of paracetamol can cause fulminant hepatic necro...Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose of paracetamol can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis and other toxic effects. Thus, the development of advantageous analytical tools to detect and determine paracetamol is required. Due to simplicity, higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as costefficiency, electrochemical sensors were fully investigated in last decades. This review describes the advancements made in the development of electrochemical sensors for the paracetamol detection and quantification in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The progress made in electrochemical sensors for the selective detection of paracetamol in the last 10 years was examined, with a special focus on highly innovative features introduced by nanotechnology. As the literature is rather extensive, we tried to simplify this work by summarizing and grouping electrochemical sensors according to the by which manner their substrates were chemically modified and the analytical performances obtained.展开更多
Aluminum is the third most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust.Despite its ubiquitous nature it is present in small amount in living organisms.Aluminum toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal distin...Aluminum is the third most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust.Despite its ubiquitous nature it is present in small amount in living organisms.Aluminum toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal distinct clinical syndromes,including progressive and fatal encephalopathy and bone diseases.In the present study,Al was selected for the analysis by complexometric method.This method was based on the formation of a red colored ternary complex by the reaction of Aluminum with Aluminon(Aurin tricarboxylic acid triammonium salt)in the presence of micellar medium.The ternary complex of Aluminum with the surfactant Triton X-100 shows a maximum absorbance at 530 nm wavelength at pH 4.0 while with the sodium dodecyl sulfate it shows a maximum absorbance at 525 nm and at pH 5.0.The reaction was proceeded by the variation in pH and concentrations of surfactants,aluminon,aluminum.Their effects on the reaction of aluminum with aluminon complex in micellar media were recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer.The reaction was found to be extremely rapid at room temperature.The system obeys Lambert Beer’s law between 0.24 and 21.74μg/mL concentrations with Triton X-100.The values of slope,intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.07,0.348 and 0.989,respectively.The concentration varied between 0.24 and 24.14μg/mL with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the values of slope,intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.029,0.148 and 0.962,respectively.The foreign ion effect was also tested by keeping the constant concentration of metal ion and determining its concentration in the presence of different foreign ions.The method was also applied for the determination of Al(III)in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples,which showed an excellent resemblance between reported and obtained results.展开更多
文摘Paracetamol is a non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drug widely used in pharmaceutical applications for its sturdy, antipyretic and analgesic action. However, an overdose of paracetamol can cause fulminant hepatic necrosis and other toxic effects. Thus, the development of advantageous analytical tools to detect and determine paracetamol is required. Due to simplicity, higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as costefficiency, electrochemical sensors were fully investigated in last decades. This review describes the advancements made in the development of electrochemical sensors for the paracetamol detection and quantification in pharmaceutical and biological samples. The progress made in electrochemical sensors for the selective detection of paracetamol in the last 10 years was examined, with a special focus on highly innovative features introduced by nanotechnology. As the literature is rather extensive, we tried to simplify this work by summarizing and grouping electrochemical sensors according to the by which manner their substrates were chemically modified and the analytical performances obtained.
文摘Aluminum is the third most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust.Despite its ubiquitous nature it is present in small amount in living organisms.Aluminum toxicity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal distinct clinical syndromes,including progressive and fatal encephalopathy and bone diseases.In the present study,Al was selected for the analysis by complexometric method.This method was based on the formation of a red colored ternary complex by the reaction of Aluminum with Aluminon(Aurin tricarboxylic acid triammonium salt)in the presence of micellar medium.The ternary complex of Aluminum with the surfactant Triton X-100 shows a maximum absorbance at 530 nm wavelength at pH 4.0 while with the sodium dodecyl sulfate it shows a maximum absorbance at 525 nm and at pH 5.0.The reaction was proceeded by the variation in pH and concentrations of surfactants,aluminon,aluminum.Their effects on the reaction of aluminum with aluminon complex in micellar media were recorded by UV-visible spectrophotometer.The reaction was found to be extremely rapid at room temperature.The system obeys Lambert Beer’s law between 0.24 and 21.74μg/mL concentrations with Triton X-100.The values of slope,intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.07,0.348 and 0.989,respectively.The concentration varied between 0.24 and 24.14μg/mL with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the values of slope,intercept and correlation coefficients were 0.029,0.148 and 0.962,respectively.The foreign ion effect was also tested by keeping the constant concentration of metal ion and determining its concentration in the presence of different foreign ions.The method was also applied for the determination of Al(III)in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples,which showed an excellent resemblance between reported and obtained results.
