Phantom limb pain(PLP)is not only a physical pain experience but also poses a significant challenge to mental health and quality of life.Currently,the mechanism of PLP treatment is still unclear,and there are many met...Phantom limb pain(PLP)is not only a physical pain experience but also poses a significant challenge to mental health and quality of life.Currently,the mechanism of PLP treatment is still unclear,and there are many methods with varying effects.This article starts with the application research of extended reality technology in PLP treatment,through describing the application of its branch technologies(virtual reality,augmented reality,and mixed reality technology),to lay the foundation for subsequent research,in the hope of finding advanced and effective treatment methods,and providing a basis for future product transformation.展开更多
Phantom limb pain(PLP),a common sequela of amputation,affects up to 86%of amputees and significantly impairs quality of life.PLP is thought to stem from complex central and peripheral nervous system plasticity.Current...Phantom limb pain(PLP),a common sequela of amputation,affects up to 86%of amputees and significantly impairs quality of life.PLP is thought to stem from complex central and peripheral nervous system plasticity.Current treatments,including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches,have limited efficacy.Recently,extended reality technologies have emerged as promising tools for PLP management,leveraging immersive sensory input to modulate cortical reorganization.Of note,emerging neural modulation techniques also offer promising alternatives,including peripheral nerve stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.These approaches demonstrate clinical efficacy in relieving pain,improving functional outcomes and reducing opioid usage.Future research could prioritize large-scale trials to validate the efficacy of nerve stimulation techniques and explore their integration with extended reality technologies for PLP.展开更多
The fabrication of multi-material medical phantoms with both patient-specificity and realistic mechanical properties is of great importance for the development of surgical planning and medical training.In this work,a ...The fabrication of multi-material medical phantoms with both patient-specificity and realistic mechanical properties is of great importance for the development of surgical planning and medical training.In this work,a 3D multi-material printing system for medical phantom manufacturing was developed.Rigid and elastomeric materials are firstly combined in such application for an accurate tactile feedback.The phantom is designed with multiple layers,where silicone ink,Thermoplastic Polyurethane(TPU),and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS)were chosen as printing materials for skin,soft tissue,and bone,respectively.Then,the printed phantoms were utilized for the investigation of needle-phantom interaction by needle insertion experiments.The mechanical needle-phantom interaction was characterized by skin-soft tissue interfacial puncture force,puncture depth,and number of insertion force peaks.The experiments demonstrated that the manufacturing conditions,i.e.the silicone grease ratio,interfacial thickness and the infill rate,played effective roles in regulating mechanical needle-phantom interaction.Moreover,the influences of material properties,including interfacial thickness and ultimate stress,on needle-phantom interaction were studied by finite element simulation.Also,a patient-specific forearm phantom was printed,where the anatomical features were acquired from Computed Tomography(CT)data.This study provided a potential manufacturing method for multi-material medical phantoms with tunable mechanical properties and offered guidelines for better phantom design.展开更多
This paper studies phantom linear scalar field （LSF） and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld （NLBI） scalar field with square potential of the form V（Ф） =1/2m^2Ф^2. The equation of state parameter w（z）, and evolut...This paper studies phantom linear scalar field （LSF） and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld （NLBI） scalar field with square potential of the form V（Ф） =1/2m^2Ф^2. The equation of state parameter w（z）, and evolution of scale factor a（t） in both phantom LSF and phantom NLBI scalar model are explored. The age of universe Hot and the transition redshift Z are obtained. The Gold data set of 157-SN-Ia is used to constrain parameters of the two models by numerical calculation. The phantom LSF is slightly better than the phantom NLBI type scalar field model for a large m. Although a smaller m corresponding to a slower rolling of field Ф better fits the observation data, the difference between phantom NLBI scalar field and phantom LSF is not distinct in this case.展开更多
The way we experience the world is determined by the way our brain works.The phantom limb phenomenon,which is a delusional belief of the presence of a non-existent limb,has a particular fascination in neurology.This p...The way we experience the world is determined by the way our brain works.The phantom limb phenomenon,which is a delusional belief of the presence of a non-existent limb,has a particular fascination in neurology.This positive phenomenon of the phantom limb raises theoretical questions about its nature.After a stroke,some patients experience the perception of an extra limb in addition to the regular set of two arms and two legs.This complex cognitive and perceptual distortion is called supernumerary phantom limb.Here,we review the pathogenesis and historical aspects,and report a new case.展开更多
Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification a...Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional （3D） printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms （i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms） and 3D bio-printed structures （i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors） for regenerated tissues and organs.展开更多
Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with.Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain,there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to ...Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with.Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain,there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice.Thus,a systematic review was performed to analyze the efficacy of central nervous system stimulation therapies as a strategy for pain management in patients with phantom limb pain.A literature search for studies conducted between 1970 and September 2020 was carried out using the MEDLINE and Embase databases.Principles of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline were followed.There were a total of 10 full-text articles retrieved and included in this review.Deep brain stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,and motor cortex stimulation were the treatment strategies used in the selected clinical trials.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation were effective therapies to reduce pain perception,as well as to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients.Conversely,invasive approaches were considered the last treatment option as evidence in deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation suggests that the value of phantom limb pain treatment remains controversial.However,the findings on use of these treatment strategies in other forms of neuropathic pain suggest that these invasive approaches could be a potential option for phantom limb pain patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.He...BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.Herein,we report a rare case of SPL in a patient with incomplete SCI.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man complained of four hands 7 d after SCI.He was diagnosed with SPL complicated with actual limb neuropathic pain.Following a period of treatment with neurotrophic agents and Chinese traditional and analgesic medications,SPL symptoms and actual limb pain did not improve.However,his symptoms gradually lessened after combined treatment with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),a promising neuromodulation technique,over the M1 cortex and visual feedback.After 7 wk of this treatment,SPL disappeared completely and actual limb pain was significantly relieved.CONCLUSION Cerebral plasticity changes may be a mechanism underlying the occurrence of non-painful SPL in SCI patients,and high-frequency rTMS applied to the M1 cortex could be a promising treatment method for SPL.展开更多
在新型Phantom 4K摄影机中有很多技术创新。最重要的方面是图像质量的提高。噪波控制也非常好,动态范围至少提高了2档,增加了电源输入输出(I/O)选项和辅助接口使摄影机更加满足电影现场拍摄的需要。在摄影机右侧面的智能屏显中呈现更多...在新型Phantom 4K摄影机中有很多技术创新。最重要的方面是图像质量的提高。噪波控制也非常好,动态范围至少提高了2档,增加了电源输入输出(I/O)选项和辅助接口使摄影机更加满足电影现场拍摄的需要。在摄影机右侧面的智能屏显中呈现更多的摄影机控制。围绕菜单和控制部分,摄影机功能也作了改善。摄影机在4K(4096 X 2160)分辨率下拍摄速度1000帧/秒,实时拍摄时长4.展开更多
文摘Phantom limb pain(PLP)is not only a physical pain experience but also poses a significant challenge to mental health and quality of life.Currently,the mechanism of PLP treatment is still unclear,and there are many methods with varying effects.This article starts with the application research of extended reality technology in PLP treatment,through describing the application of its branch technologies(virtual reality,augmented reality,and mixed reality technology),to lay the foundation for subsequent research,in the hope of finding advanced and effective treatment methods,and providing a basis for future product transformation.
基金Supported by the Project of Science and Technology of Xuzhou,No.KC23185.
文摘Phantom limb pain(PLP),a common sequela of amputation,affects up to 86%of amputees and significantly impairs quality of life.PLP is thought to stem from complex central and peripheral nervous system plasticity.Current treatments,including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches,have limited efficacy.Recently,extended reality technologies have emerged as promising tools for PLP management,leveraging immersive sensory input to modulate cortical reorganization.Of note,emerging neural modulation techniques also offer promising alternatives,including peripheral nerve stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.These approaches demonstrate clinical efficacy in relieving pain,improving functional outcomes and reducing opioid usage.Future research could prioritize large-scale trials to validate the efficacy of nerve stimulation techniques and explore their integration with extended reality technologies for PLP.
基金This study was partially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0703000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075482)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2017CO1063)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51875518).
文摘The fabrication of multi-material medical phantoms with both patient-specificity and realistic mechanical properties is of great importance for the development of surgical planning and medical training.In this work,a 3D multi-material printing system for medical phantom manufacturing was developed.Rigid and elastomeric materials are firstly combined in such application for an accurate tactile feedback.The phantom is designed with multiple layers,where silicone ink,Thermoplastic Polyurethane(TPU),and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene(ABS)were chosen as printing materials for skin,soft tissue,and bone,respectively.Then,the printed phantoms were utilized for the investigation of needle-phantom interaction by needle insertion experiments.The mechanical needle-phantom interaction was characterized by skin-soft tissue interfacial puncture force,puncture depth,and number of insertion force peaks.The experiments demonstrated that the manufacturing conditions,i.e.the silicone grease ratio,interfacial thickness and the infill rate,played effective roles in regulating mechanical needle-phantom interaction.Moreover,the influences of material properties,including interfacial thickness and ultimate stress,on needle-phantom interaction were studied by finite element simulation.Also,a patient-specific forearm phantom was printed,where the anatomical features were acquired from Computed Tomography(CT)data.This study provided a potential manufacturing method for multi-material medical phantoms with tunable mechanical properties and offered guidelines for better phantom design.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos.10573012, 10575068）, and the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission （Grant No.04dz05905）
文摘This paper studies phantom linear scalar field （LSF） and phantom non-linear Born-Infeld （NLBI） scalar field with square potential of the form V（Ф） =1/2m^2Ф^2. The equation of state parameter w（z）, and evolution of scale factor a（t） in both phantom LSF and phantom NLBI scalar model are explored. The age of universe Hot and the transition redshift Z are obtained. The Gold data set of 157-SN-Ia is used to constrain parameters of the two models by numerical calculation. The phantom LSF is slightly better than the phantom NLBI type scalar field model for a large m. Although a smaller m corresponding to a slower rolling of field Ф better fits the observation data, the difference between phantom NLBI scalar field and phantom LSF is not distinct in this case.
文摘The way we experience the world is determined by the way our brain works.The phantom limb phenomenon,which is a delusional belief of the presence of a non-existent limb,has a particular fascination in neurology.This positive phenomenon of the phantom limb raises theoretical questions about its nature.After a stroke,some patients experience the perception of an extra limb in addition to the regular set of two arms and two legs.This complex cognitive and perceptual distortion is called supernumerary phantom limb.Here,we review the pathogenesis and historical aspects,and report a new case.
文摘Medical models, or ＂phantoms,＂ have been widely used for medical training and for doctor-patient interactions. They are increasingly used for surgical planning, medical computational models, algorithm verification and validation, and medical devices development. Such new applications demand high-fidelity, patient-specific, tissue-mimicking medical phantoms that can not only closely emulate the geometric structures of human organs, but also possess the properties and functions of the organ structure. With the rapid advancement of three-dimensional （3D） printing and 3D bioprinting technologies, many researchers have explored the use of these additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate functional medical phantoms for various applications. This paper reviews the applications of these 3D printing and 3D bioprinting technologies for the fabrication of functional medical phantoms and bio-structures. This review specifically discusses the state of the art along with new developments and trends in 3D printed functional medical phantoms （i.e., tissue-mimicking medical phantoms, radiologically relevant medical phantoms, and physiological medical phantoms） and 3D bio-printed structures （i.e., hybrid scaffolding materials, convertible scaffolds, and integrated sensors） for regenerated tissues and organs.
文摘Phantom limb pain is a chronic pain syndrome that is difficult to cope with.Despite neurostimulation treatment is indicated for refractory neuropathic pain,there is scant evidence from randomized controlled trials to recommend it as the treatment choice.Thus,a systematic review was performed to analyze the efficacy of central nervous system stimulation therapies as a strategy for pain management in patients with phantom limb pain.A literature search for studies conducted between 1970 and September 2020 was carried out using the MEDLINE and Embase databases.Principles of The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline were followed.There were a total of 10 full-text articles retrieved and included in this review.Deep brain stimulation,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,and motor cortex stimulation were the treatment strategies used in the selected clinical trials.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation were effective therapies to reduce pain perception,as well as to relieve anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients.Conversely,invasive approaches were considered the last treatment option as evidence in deep brain stimulation and motor cortex stimulation suggests that the value of phantom limb pain treatment remains controversial.However,the findings on use of these treatment strategies in other forms of neuropathic pain suggest that these invasive approaches could be a potential option for phantom limb pain patients.
文摘BACKGROUND Supernumerary phantom limb(SPL)caused by spinal cord injury(SCI)has previously been reported in several studies.However,the mechanisms and management of SPL in SCI patients are still not fully understood.Herein,we report a rare case of SPL in a patient with incomplete SCI.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old man complained of four hands 7 d after SCI.He was diagnosed with SPL complicated with actual limb neuropathic pain.Following a period of treatment with neurotrophic agents and Chinese traditional and analgesic medications,SPL symptoms and actual limb pain did not improve.However,his symptoms gradually lessened after combined treatment with high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),a promising neuromodulation technique,over the M1 cortex and visual feedback.After 7 wk of this treatment,SPL disappeared completely and actual limb pain was significantly relieved.CONCLUSION Cerebral plasticity changes may be a mechanism underlying the occurrence of non-painful SPL in SCI patients,and high-frequency rTMS applied to the M1 cortex could be a promising treatment method for SPL.
文摘在新型Phantom 4K摄影机中有很多技术创新。最重要的方面是图像质量的提高。噪波控制也非常好,动态范围至少提高了2档,增加了电源输入输出(I/O)选项和辅助接口使摄影机更加满足电影现场拍摄的需要。在摄影机右侧面的智能屏显中呈现更多的摄影机控制。围绕菜单和控制部分,摄影机功能也作了改善。摄影机在4K(4096 X 2160)分辨率下拍摄速度1000帧/秒,实时拍摄时长4.
