This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their...This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.展开更多
The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed.We identified these wor...The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed.We identified these workers’chemical exposure patterns and risks before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.We used data conducted between 2018(pre-pandemic)and 2021(post-pandemic)from three-year cross-sectional surveys on pest control and disinfection workers.Inhalation and dermal exposure concentrations were estimated using equations based on a biocidal product risk assessment model from the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of chemicals were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment model.We found that the annual work frequency(50^(th)percentile)of foggers using disinfectants increased the most among all the work types,from 140 uses/year to 176 uses/year after the COVID-19 outbreak.Moreover,all chemicals’non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks increased regardless of exposure routes.In the worst scenario(95^(th)percentile),the margin of exposure for citric acid,benzethonium chloride,benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides,and sodium chlorite of inhalation exposure,and isopropyl alcohol and benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides of dermal exposure were acceptable(>100)before the COVID-19outbreak but became unacceptable(<100)after the COVID-19 outbreak.Carcinogenic risks of dichlorvos from inhalation and dermal exposure were above acceptable levels(>10^(-6))before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but comparatively high after the COVID-19 outbreak.Additionally,significantly more workers experienced health symptoms after the COVID-19outbreak(p<0.05),with the most common being muscle lethargy(31%),skin/face stinging(28.7%),and breath shortness/neck pain(24.1%).展开更多
In order to enhance the yield and quality of cashew,it is essential to implement high-yield cultivation techniques effectively throughout the production process.Additionally,pest control measures should be employed to...In order to enhance the yield and quality of cashew,it is essential to implement high-yield cultivation techniques effectively throughout the production process.Additionally,pest control measures should be employed to provide technical support for the industrialized development of cashew.展开更多
Colorado potato beetle(CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata,is a notorious destructive pest that mainly feeds on the leaves of potato and several other solanaceous plants.CPB is widely recognized for its adaptation to a rem...Colorado potato beetle(CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata,is a notorious destructive pest that mainly feeds on the leaves of potato and several other solanaceous plants.CPB is widely recognized for its adaptation to a remarkable variety of host plants and diverse climates,and its high resistance to insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.RNA interference(RNAi)is a sequence-specific,endogenous gene silencing mechanism evoked by small RNA molecules that is used as a robust tool for virus and pest control.RNAi has been extensively tested for CPB management by employing various target genes and delivery methods.This article reviews the screening of RNAi target genes,efficient RNAi delivery systems,and factors affecting RNAi efficiency in CPB,which may help understand the mechanisms of RNAi and its application in CPB control strategy.展开更多
This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution b...This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution behaviours of pest aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory. For a system with a self-birth rate kernel I（k） = Ik and a fragmentation rate kernel L（i,j） = L, we find that the total number MoA（t） and the total mass of the pest aggregates MA （t） both increase exponentially with time if L ≠ 0. Furthermore, we introduce two catalysis-driven monomer death mechanisms for the former pest propagation model to study the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates under pesticide and natural enemy controlled pest propagation. In the pesticide controlled model with a catalyzed monomer death rate kernel J1 （k） ---- J1 k, it is found that only when I 〈 J1 B0 （B0 is the concentration of catalyst aggregates） can the pests be killed off. Otherwise, the pest aggregates can survive. In the model of pest control with a natural enemy, a pest aggregate loses one of its individuals and the number of natural enemies increases by one. For this system, we find that no matter how many natural enemies there are at the beginning, pests will be eliminated by them eventually.展开更多
Cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera) is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in
Tending management and pest control directly affect forest construction.Not only sustainable growth of timber but also continuous and permanent use of green mountains and water can be achieved by providing tending man...Tending management and pest control directly affect forest construction.Not only sustainable growth of timber but also continuous and permanent use of green mountains and water can be achieved by providing tending management measures for sustainable operations and implementing effective pest control measures.According to the demand of production practice,this paper studies the tending management and pest control measures of Pinus koraiensis forest during its growth period,so as to provide important scientific support for improving the quality of P.koraiensis forest in the future.展开更多
Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation syst...Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation system with clustering robust regression model and Stata 13. 0 software. Total forest pest control efficiency in China was determined according to the computing result of entropy method. Suggestions such as improving forest pest control efficiency,increasing service efficiency and input amount of forest pest control input funds were put forward. It will provide empirical basis for target management evaluation of forest pest control work and accountability system.展开更多
At present, with the continuous improvement of China's agricultural construction level, it has objectively driven China's economic development. As a country with a large population, China's agricultural ec...At present, with the continuous improvement of China's agricultural construction level, it has objectively driven China's economic development. As a country with a large population, China's agricultural economy has been an important part of China's economic construction for a long time, and has a vital practical significance. Among them, apple itself is favored by many agricultural growers because of its advantages of good taste, high nutrition and high acceptance by people. However, in the process of apple tree planting, it will be affected by many problems, which requires further management of apple tree planting and pest control to ensure the quality of apple tree planting. Therefore, in order to further improve the cultivation quality of apple trees and do a good job in the cultivation management and pest control of apple trees, this paper mainly aims at the optimization measures of apple tree cultivation management and the pest control technology of apple trees, and puts forward specific feasible methods from various angles, which can provide effective reference for the subsequent work.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of plant diseases and insect pests control, the basic connotation of green plant protection concept was briefly described at first. Secondly, the main problems of pest control in current agricult...Aiming at the problem of plant diseases and insect pests control, the basic connotation of green plant protection concept was briefly described at first. Secondly, the main problems of pest control in current agricultural production are analyzed. Finally, based on the concept of green vegetation, specific prevention and control measures are proposed from various aspects, and their effectiveness is proved through discussion.展开更多
The rapid development of information technology brings a certain opportunity to the development of agricultural informatization, and promotes the informatization development of China's agricultural technology equi...The rapid development of information technology brings a certain opportunity to the development of agricultural informatization, and promotes the informatization development of China's agricultural technology equipment and agricultural management. As an important part of agriculture, vegetables apply agricultural information technology in the process of vegetable growth and reproduction to promote the automation and information development of vegetable growth. Especially in the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests, has achieved certain achievements, it can be seen that the development of agricultural information has become the future development trend of agricultural industry. Based on this, the article starts with the related research of agricultural informatization, and analyzes the close relationship between agricultural informatization and the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests, in order to strengthen the prevention and control ability of vegetable diseases and insect pests.展开更多
With the development of agriculture, problems related to soil have become more and more serious. Lime nitrogen has been extensively studied in agriculture. This document briefly analyzes the methods of applying lime n...With the development of agriculture, problems related to soil have become more and more serious. Lime nitrogen has been extensively studied in agriculture. This document briefly analyzes the methods of applying lime nitrogen to facility soil, the effects on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of facility soil, and on plant growth, development and quality, and reviews the prospects of applying lime nitrogen in order to provide theoretical basis for application.展开更多
Winter wheat is one of the important food and cash crops in our country. Before planting winter wheat, it is necessary to screen improved varieties, pay attention to sowing time and method, select appropriate temperat...Winter wheat is one of the important food and cash crops in our country. Before planting winter wheat, it is necessary to screen improved varieties, pay attention to sowing time and method, select appropriate temperature and moisture, reasonably control planting density, pay attention to soil treatment, such as deep plowing and leveling, weed removal, and field management such as fertilization in the later stage. The prevention and control of winter wheat diseases and insect pests need to adopt physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical control focuses on normal times, while chemical control is mostly used to deal with emergency or large-scale disasters. Biological control is the latest development trend. Agricultural technicians should help farmers to train professional planting techniques to increase the output benefit of winter wheat.展开更多
Wheat is an indispensable necessity for people's life. However, due to poor planting environment and many diseases and insect pests, a large number of cultivated land cannot be used and the problem of effectively ...Wheat is an indispensable necessity for people's life. However, due to poor planting environment and many diseases and insect pests, a large number of cultivated land cannot be used and the problem of effectively protecting the growing environment of crops is outstanding, which seriously affects the growth rate of farmers' income and the improvement of agricultural income. Because it is particularly important to study the management of wheat planting and the prevention and control of diseases and pests, this paper mainly analyzes the management of wheat planting, and puts forward some methods of prevention and control of diseases and pests, hoping to provide some help for China's wheat planting.展开更多
With the continuous development of economy and society, people's quality of life continues to improve and the demand for wheat is gradually increasing, thus greatly expanding the scale of wheat cultivation. Howeve...With the continuous development of economy and society, people's quality of life continues to improve and the demand for wheat is gradually increasing, thus greatly expanding the scale of wheat cultivation. However, there are many technical problems in the actual planting process of wheat, and at the same time, there are many diseases and insect pests breeding and spreading. Therefore, if growers want to further improve the yield and quality of wheat, they also need to comprehensively consider the factors affecting wheat planting, select scientific and reasonable wheat planting technology, and strengthen the prevention and control of wheat diseases and insect pests. On this basis, the quality and yield of wheat are improved, thus bringing higher economic benefits.展开更多
In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development ...In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.展开更多
The occurrence regularity of wheat midgec (Sitodiplosis mosellana Gehin) was investigated in 1986 -1991. One generation of this kind of insects emergies every year,and its cocoon lies dormant in soil through the winte...The occurrence regularity of wheat midgec (Sitodiplosis mosellana Gehin) was investigated in 1986 -1991. One generation of this kind of insects emergies every year,and its cocoon lies dormant in soil through the winter and summer (total for over ten months). The active larvae have a habit to move up and down with the changes of soil temperature. The field experiment over three years has showed that DDVp, a slow-release pesticide,is significantly effective in reduction of wheat loss due to this pest. Thirteen wheat varieties which are resistant or tolerant to this pest have been obtained in Hebei province. The main points of the technique described in this paper is put in a nutshell: relying mainly on growing the resistant varieties of wheat while making chemical control subsidiary. The chemical control is carried out at the pupal stage to kill the insects as many as possible,and at the adult stage to wipe out the remnants. Over the last three years,as a result of the utilization of this technique in展开更多
Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well estab...Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diversity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, including 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems.展开更多
Jujube is a very common cash crop in our country. The requirement of geological environment is very low during the cultivation of jujube, so neither climate nor temperature will affect the cultivation of jujube. The t...Jujube is a very common cash crop in our country. The requirement of geological environment is very low during the cultivation of jujube, so neither climate nor temperature will affect the cultivation of jujube. The taste of jujube is sweet, and jujube is rich in nutrient elements, so it is loved by many people. In addition, jujube also contains some trace elements, so it also has certain medicinal value.展开更多
To further enhance the yield and quality of kiwifruit and promote the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry,this paper summarized the characteristics,damage sites,and control methods of major kiwifruit dis...To further enhance the yield and quality of kiwifruit and promote the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry,this paper summarized the characteristics,damage sites,and control methods of major kiwifruit diseases and pests.It pointed out the main issues in current kiwifruit pest and disease management and proposed corresponding solutions.The prevention and control of kiwifruit pests should adhere to the principle of"prevention first,integrated management",and standardized planting modes should be implemented.In this process,priority should be given to agricultural,physical,and biological control methods to effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides.展开更多
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong Province(202310580005)Youth Project of Zhaoqing University(QN202443)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26).
文摘This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021R1F1A1063967)。
文摘The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed.We identified these workers’chemical exposure patterns and risks before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.We used data conducted between 2018(pre-pandemic)and 2021(post-pandemic)from three-year cross-sectional surveys on pest control and disinfection workers.Inhalation and dermal exposure concentrations were estimated using equations based on a biocidal product risk assessment model from the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of chemicals were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment model.We found that the annual work frequency(50^(th)percentile)of foggers using disinfectants increased the most among all the work types,from 140 uses/year to 176 uses/year after the COVID-19 outbreak.Moreover,all chemicals’non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks increased regardless of exposure routes.In the worst scenario(95^(th)percentile),the margin of exposure for citric acid,benzethonium chloride,benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides,and sodium chlorite of inhalation exposure,and isopropyl alcohol and benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides of dermal exposure were acceptable(>100)before the COVID-19outbreak but became unacceptable(<100)after the COVID-19 outbreak.Carcinogenic risks of dichlorvos from inhalation and dermal exposure were above acceptable levels(>10^(-6))before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but comparatively high after the COVID-19 outbreak.Additionally,significantly more workers experienced health symptoms after the COVID-19outbreak(p<0.05),with the most common being muscle lethargy(31%),skin/face stinging(28.7%),and breath shortness/neck pain(24.1%).
基金Supported by 2024 Major Facility System Operating Costs of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs"Ledong Cashew Germplasm Resource Nursery Operating Cost of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs"2023-2024 Agricultural Germplasm Resource Conservation Project"Research on Collection,Conservation and Utilization of Cashew Germplasm Resources".
文摘In order to enhance the yield and quality of cashew,it is essential to implement high-yield cultivation techniques effectively throughout the production process.Additionally,pest control measures should be employed to provide technical support for the industrialized development of cashew.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572071)
文摘Colorado potato beetle(CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata,is a notorious destructive pest that mainly feeds on the leaves of potato and several other solanaceous plants.CPB is widely recognized for its adaptation to a remarkable variety of host plants and diverse climates,and its high resistance to insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.RNA interference(RNAi)is a sequence-specific,endogenous gene silencing mechanism evoked by small RNA molecules that is used as a robust tool for virus and pest control.RNAi has been extensively tested for CPB management by employing various target genes and delivery methods.This article reviews the screening of RNAi target genes,efficient RNAi delivery systems,and factors affecting RNAi efficiency in CPB,which may help understand the mechanisms of RNAi and its application in CPB control strategy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10875086 and 10775104)
文摘This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution behaviours of pest aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory. For a system with a self-birth rate kernel I（k） = Ik and a fragmentation rate kernel L（i,j） = L, we find that the total number MoA（t） and the total mass of the pest aggregates MA （t） both increase exponentially with time if L ≠ 0. Furthermore, we introduce two catalysis-driven monomer death mechanisms for the former pest propagation model to study the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates under pesticide and natural enemy controlled pest propagation. In the pesticide controlled model with a catalyzed monomer death rate kernel J1 （k） ---- J1 k, it is found that only when I 〈 J1 B0 （B0 is the concentration of catalyst aggregates） can the pests be killed off. Otherwise, the pest aggregates can survive. In the model of pest control with a natural enemy, a pest aggregate loses one of its individuals and the number of natural enemies increases by one. For this system, we find that no matter how many natural enemies there are at the beginning, pests will be eliminated by them eventually.
文摘Cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera) is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in
文摘Tending management and pest control directly affect forest construction.Not only sustainable growth of timber but also continuous and permanent use of green mountains and water can be achieved by providing tending management measures for sustainable operations and implementing effective pest control measures.According to the demand of production practice,this paper studies the tending management and pest control measures of Pinus koraiensis forest during its growth period,so as to provide important scientific support for improving the quality of P.koraiensis forest in the future.
基金Supported by Analysis of Forest Pest Cost Responsibility Investigation System(2017-R04)Protection and Development:Coordination Mechanism Research from the Perspective of Community(71373024)
文摘Three indexes including forest pest occurrence area,control area and input fund of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014 were selected from Forestry Statistical Yearbook,to establish dynamic interaction index evaluation system with clustering robust regression model and Stata 13. 0 software. Total forest pest control efficiency in China was determined according to the computing result of entropy method. Suggestions such as improving forest pest control efficiency,increasing service efficiency and input amount of forest pest control input funds were put forward. It will provide empirical basis for target management evaluation of forest pest control work and accountability system.
文摘At present, with the continuous improvement of China's agricultural construction level, it has objectively driven China's economic development. As a country with a large population, China's agricultural economy has been an important part of China's economic construction for a long time, and has a vital practical significance. Among them, apple itself is favored by many agricultural growers because of its advantages of good taste, high nutrition and high acceptance by people. However, in the process of apple tree planting, it will be affected by many problems, which requires further management of apple tree planting and pest control to ensure the quality of apple tree planting. Therefore, in order to further improve the cultivation quality of apple trees and do a good job in the cultivation management and pest control of apple trees, this paper mainly aims at the optimization measures of apple tree cultivation management and the pest control technology of apple trees, and puts forward specific feasible methods from various angles, which can provide effective reference for the subsequent work.
文摘Aiming at the problem of plant diseases and insect pests control, the basic connotation of green plant protection concept was briefly described at first. Secondly, the main problems of pest control in current agricultural production are analyzed. Finally, based on the concept of green vegetation, specific prevention and control measures are proposed from various aspects, and their effectiveness is proved through discussion.
文摘The rapid development of information technology brings a certain opportunity to the development of agricultural informatization, and promotes the informatization development of China's agricultural technology equipment and agricultural management. As an important part of agriculture, vegetables apply agricultural information technology in the process of vegetable growth and reproduction to promote the automation and information development of vegetable growth. Especially in the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests, has achieved certain achievements, it can be seen that the development of agricultural information has become the future development trend of agricultural industry. Based on this, the article starts with the related research of agricultural informatization, and analyzes the close relationship between agricultural informatization and the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests, in order to strengthen the prevention and control ability of vegetable diseases and insect pests.
文摘With the development of agriculture, problems related to soil have become more and more serious. Lime nitrogen has been extensively studied in agriculture. This document briefly analyzes the methods of applying lime nitrogen to facility soil, the effects on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of facility soil, and on plant growth, development and quality, and reviews the prospects of applying lime nitrogen in order to provide theoretical basis for application.
文摘Winter wheat is one of the important food and cash crops in our country. Before planting winter wheat, it is necessary to screen improved varieties, pay attention to sowing time and method, select appropriate temperature and moisture, reasonably control planting density, pay attention to soil treatment, such as deep plowing and leveling, weed removal, and field management such as fertilization in the later stage. The prevention and control of winter wheat diseases and insect pests need to adopt physical, chemical and biological methods. Physical control focuses on normal times, while chemical control is mostly used to deal with emergency or large-scale disasters. Biological control is the latest development trend. Agricultural technicians should help farmers to train professional planting techniques to increase the output benefit of winter wheat.
文摘Wheat is an indispensable necessity for people's life. However, due to poor planting environment and many diseases and insect pests, a large number of cultivated land cannot be used and the problem of effectively protecting the growing environment of crops is outstanding, which seriously affects the growth rate of farmers' income and the improvement of agricultural income. Because it is particularly important to study the management of wheat planting and the prevention and control of diseases and pests, this paper mainly analyzes the management of wheat planting, and puts forward some methods of prevention and control of diseases and pests, hoping to provide some help for China's wheat planting.
文摘With the continuous development of economy and society, people's quality of life continues to improve and the demand for wheat is gradually increasing, thus greatly expanding the scale of wheat cultivation. However, there are many technical problems in the actual planting process of wheat, and at the same time, there are many diseases and insect pests breeding and spreading. Therefore, if growers want to further improve the yield and quality of wheat, they also need to comprehensively consider the factors affecting wheat planting, select scientific and reasonable wheat planting technology, and strengthen the prevention and control of wheat diseases and insect pests. On this basis, the quality and yield of wheat are improved, thus bringing higher economic benefits.
基金This study was supported by National High-Tech R﹠D Programmer of China (No.2003AA249070)
文摘In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.
文摘The occurrence regularity of wheat midgec (Sitodiplosis mosellana Gehin) was investigated in 1986 -1991. One generation of this kind of insects emergies every year,and its cocoon lies dormant in soil through the winter and summer (total for over ten months). The active larvae have a habit to move up and down with the changes of soil temperature. The field experiment over three years has showed that DDVp, a slow-release pesticide,is significantly effective in reduction of wheat loss due to this pest. Thirteen wheat varieties which are resistant or tolerant to this pest have been obtained in Hebei province. The main points of the technique described in this paper is put in a nutshell: relying mainly on growing the resistant varieties of wheat while making chemical control subsidiary. The chemical control is carried out at the pupal stage to kill the insects as many as possible,and at the adult stage to wipe out the remnants. Over the last three years,as a result of the utilization of this technique in
文摘Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diversity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, including 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems.
文摘Jujube is a very common cash crop in our country. The requirement of geological environment is very low during the cultivation of jujube, so neither climate nor temperature will affect the cultivation of jujube. The taste of jujube is sweet, and jujube is rich in nutrient elements, so it is loved by many people. In addition, jujube also contains some trace elements, so it also has certain medicinal value.
基金Supported by College-level Scientific Research Project of Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College(2023ZK112023ZK10)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College(2023CXTD03).
文摘To further enhance the yield and quality of kiwifruit and promote the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry,this paper summarized the characteristics,damage sites,and control methods of major kiwifruit diseases and pests.It pointed out the main issues in current kiwifruit pest and disease management and proposed corresponding solutions.The prevention and control of kiwifruit pests should adhere to the principle of"prevention first,integrated management",and standardized planting modes should be implemented.In this process,priority should be given to agricultural,physical,and biological control methods to effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
