Finance It is permitted to establish Sino-foreign joint-venture financial companies, wholly foreign-owned financial companies, and Sino-foreign joint-venture banks, provided that both sides in the joint venture are fi...Finance It is permitted to establish Sino-foreign joint-venture financial companies, wholly foreign-owned financial companies, and Sino-foreign joint-venture banks, provided that both sides in the joint venture are financial institutions, and the foreign side has a representative office in China.展开更多
The following contribution aims at explaining BNetzA’s role in energy infrastructure regulation and planning/permitting of high-voltage electricity nationwide and cross-border transmission lines. It shows the interpl...The following contribution aims at explaining BNetzA’s role in energy infrastructure regulation and planning/permitting of high-voltage electricity nationwide and cross-border transmission lines. It shows the interplay of the two main regulatory instruments and the planning/permitting task as well as more generally the changing role of the regulator in the era of energy transition. The article is based on two presentations on the topic, one at the VIIth WFER in Mexico in March 2018 and one at a conference on “The Governance of Maintenance and Investment in Infrastructures” of the University of Paris-Dauphine in April 2018.展开更多
Typhoons pose significant threats to coastal and inland regions,with their impacts exacerbated by climate change and population growth[1].Recent studies have shown increased frequency of powerful storms,slower transla...Typhoons pose significant threats to coastal and inland regions,with their impacts exacerbated by climate change and population growth[1].Recent studies have shown increased frequency of powerful storms,slower translation speeds,northward shifts in the Western North Pacific(WNP)basin,and a near tripling of global exposure to typhoons since 1970[1-4].These changes present new challenges for forecasters and researchers,particularly in predicting impacts on inland and high-latitude populations lacking prior exposure or resilience to typhoon effects.展开更多
The National Development and Reform Commission issued the Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition),which covers rare earth-related areas On April 24,2025,the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)issued...The National Development and Reform Commission issued the Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition),which covers rare earth-related areas On April 24,2025,the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)issued the Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition).Therein,it is specified in the Item 94 from the nineteenth part of the Permit Access Category,the Catalogue of Government Approved Investment Projects(2016 Edition).展开更多
INTRODUCTION Lowering the carbon intensity of the built environment is one of many tasks that must be undertaken in order to address climate change and to encourage sustainability.The siting,design,construction,occupa...INTRODUCTION Lowering the carbon intensity of the built environment is one of many tasks that must be undertaken in order to address climate change and to encourage sustainability.The siting,design,construction,occupancy,renovation,and disposal of single-family homes are all factors that contribute to the large carbon emissions generated by the sector.There are numerous strategies that seek to minimize the amount of emissions generated by a house during its lifecycle.This paper explores the use of so-called natural building systems in building envelope construction.展开更多
The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoi...The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis methods with the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) algorithm were applied to the physicochemical parameters of 17 boreholes using the calcite (ISC) and dolomite (ISD) saturation indices. The results obtained have shown that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area has an average temperature of 27.52°C (long rainy season) and 27.87°C (long dry season) and has an average pH of 7.09 ± 0.35 during the main rainy season and 7.32 ± 0.35 during the main dry season. They are mineralized with an average electrical conductivity of 505.98 ± 302.85 μS/cm during the long rainy season and with 450.33 ± 233.74 μS/cm as average during the long dry season. The main phenomena at the origin of groundwater mineralization are water residence time, oxidation-reduction and surface inflow. The study of the relative age of the water shows that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area is mainly undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. They are therefore very old in the aquifer with a slow circulation speed during the long rainy season and the long dry season.展开更多
Abundant probability information from ensemble forecasting has been used to forecast extreme weather such as extremely high/low temperatures.In this study,leveraging the Convection Permitting Ensemble Forecasting Syst...Abundant probability information from ensemble forecasting has been used to forecast extreme weather such as extremely high/low temperatures.In this study,leveraging the Convection Permitting Ensemble Forecasting System(CPEFS)of North China rather than coarse-resolution global ensemble forecast systems as in previous studies,based on the Anderson-Darling(A-D)test principle,we built an Extreme Weather Forecast Index(EFI)for temperature to forecast extreme temperature events over North China.Using the CPEFS's 3-yr historical forecast data,a cumulative distribution function(CDF)for temperature in North China was constructed,establishing a refined model climate capable of identifying extreme temperatures with geographical specific features.The temperature EFI was formulated to reflect differences between the ensemble forecast CDF and the model climate CDF,which can be used to forecast extreme temperatures.We conducted simulation experiments for extremely high(low)temperatures in summer(winter)2023.The results demonstrate that the EFI warning signals for extreme temperature aligned reasonably with the automatic station observations.It is found that the optimal EFI thresholds are 0.7 or 0.8(-0.8)for extremely high(low)temperatures.When applying the EFI thresholds to the extreme temperature events in China in 2023,EFI showed a strong skill at the 2-day lead time.However,the forecast accuracy decreased as the forecast lead time extended.Comparison between global ensemble-based EFI and CPEFS-based EFI reveals that high-resolution ensemble-based EFI products could in general achieve a better performance,providing strong warning signals and more refined geographical distributions.展开更多
混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一。试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性。Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土...混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一。试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性。Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的试验方法。介绍Permit Ion Migration Test的基本原理和试验方法,推导理论计算公式。通过初步试验介绍了基本试验参数的测定方法并对试验数据的规范化处理提出了建议。展开更多
Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comp...Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comply with regulations and performance standards under the USA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act （SMCRA）, other federal environmental acts, and state programs. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality （WDEQ）/Land Quality Division （LQD） administers Wyoming＇s coal regulatory program. The permit application and bonding process for the largest surface coal mine permit in the USA, North Antelope Rochelle Mine （NARM） located in short grassland prairie in the northeast Wyoming, is discussed. The permit application process begins with the collection of baseline environ- mental data that characterizes premining conditions of the permit area. The permit application includes adjudication information, baseline information, mine and operation plans, and reclamation plans. Fulfillment of permit commitments and requirements of rules and regulations are inspected monthly by the LQD＇ s representative in the field. Before a mine permit is issued, the mine operator must submit a reclamation bond to secure the performance of reclamation obligations that is later revised annually. In Wyoming, four reclamation bond release phases indicate the completion of various stages of the reclamatikon process. NARM＇s specific bond release verification cirteria, performance standards, and field verificatoins of bond release phases are discussed. The Bond Release Geodatabase （a GIS/GPS approach） was developed for this mine to monitor progress in meeting criteria and performance standards for incremental bond release. The Bond Release Geodatabase significantly reduces the time needed to track bond release progress, reach agreement between operator and regulator, and improve the state inspector＇s ability to assess reclamation adequacy and progress.展开更多
The growing demand for electricity in large Brazilian cities and the distance to the region with the largest energy production have encouraged the construction of transmission lines thousands of kilometers long, cross...The growing demand for electricity in large Brazilian cities and the distance to the region with the largest energy production have encouraged the construction of transmission lines thousands of kilometers long, crossing several states of the federation. Therefore, the heterogeneity of requirements in federal, state and district environmental laws tend to lead to uncertainty for the investor regarding procedures and investments necessary for the completion of the project, as well as the time that the requirements will take to be fulfilled. In the present study, we identify and compare the criteria used by the various environmental licensing agencies for classifying transmission system projects in the different procedures(simplified and ordinary) of environmental licensing. It was possible to expose the differences and demonstrate some inconsistencies in the legislation of some Brazilian states. In particular, we note an absence of proportionality between the licensing requirements and the expected environmental impacts for projects on the physical, biological and social environments. Additionally, it was identified subjectivity in the requirement for social participation through public hearings, demanded by the legislation for the projects classified in the ordinary procedure.展开更多
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) seeks to validate the feasibility of injecting, storing and monitoring CO2 in the subsurface (geologic storage) as an approach to mitigate atmospheric emissions of CO2. In ...The United States Department of Energy (DOE) seeks to validate the feasibility of injecting, storing and monitoring CO2 in the subsurface (geologic storage) as an approach to mitigate atmospheric emissions of CO2. In an effort to pro- mote the development of a framework and the infrastructure necessary for the validation and deployment of carbon sequestration technologies, DOE established seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs). The South- east Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB), whose lead organization is the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB), represents 13 States within the southeastern United States of America (USA). The SECARB Anthropo- genic Test R&D project is a demonstration of the deployment of CO2 capture, transport, geologic storage and monitor- ing technology. This project is an integral component of a plan by Southern Company, and its subsidiary, Alabama Power, to demonstrate integrated CO2 capture, transport and storage technology. The capture component of the test takes place at the James M. Barry Electric Generating Plant (Plant Barry) in Bucks, Alabama. The capture facility, equivalent to 25 MW, will utilize post-combustion amine capture technology licensed from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America. CO2 captured at the plant will be transported by pipeline for underground storage in a deep, saline geologic formation within the Citronelle Dome located in Citronelle, Alabama. At the end of the first quarter of 2012, up to 550 tonnes of CO2 per day will be captured and transported twelve miles by pipeline to the storage site for injection and subsurface storage. The injection target is the lower Cretaceous Paluxy Formation which occurs at 9400 feet. Trans- portation and injection operations will continue for one to two years. Subsurface monitoring will be deployed through 2017 to track plume movement and monitor for leakage. This project will be one of the first and the largest fully-inte- grated commercial prototype coal-fired carbon capture and storage projects in the USA. This paper will discuss the re- sults to date, including permitting efforts, baseline geologic analysis and detailed reservoir modeling of the storage site, framing the discussion in terms of the overall goals of the project.展开更多
文摘Finance It is permitted to establish Sino-foreign joint-venture financial companies, wholly foreign-owned financial companies, and Sino-foreign joint-venture banks, provided that both sides in the joint venture are financial institutions, and the foreign side has a representative office in China.
文摘The following contribution aims at explaining BNetzA’s role in energy infrastructure regulation and planning/permitting of high-voltage electricity nationwide and cross-border transmission lines. It shows the interplay of the two main regulatory instruments and the planning/permitting task as well as more generally the changing role of the regulator in the era of energy transition. The article is based on two presentations on the topic, one at the VIIth WFER in Mexico in March 2018 and one at a conference on “The Governance of Maintenance and Investment in Infrastructures” of the University of Paris-Dauphine in April 2018.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0500303)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(2208085UQ09 and 2208085UQ02)+2 种基金the USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(YD2080002007 and KY2080000114)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(LSKJ202300305)the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project‘‘Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(Earth Lab)。
文摘Typhoons pose significant threats to coastal and inland regions,with their impacts exacerbated by climate change and population growth[1].Recent studies have shown increased frequency of powerful storms,slower translation speeds,northward shifts in the Western North Pacific(WNP)basin,and a near tripling of global exposure to typhoons since 1970[1-4].These changes present new challenges for forecasters and researchers,particularly in predicting impacts on inland and high-latitude populations lacking prior exposure or resilience to typhoon effects.
文摘The National Development and Reform Commission issued the Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition),which covers rare earth-related areas On April 24,2025,the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)issued the Negative List for Market Access(2025 Edition).Therein,it is specified in the Item 94 from the nineteenth part of the Permit Access Category,the Catalogue of Government Approved Investment Projects(2016 Edition).
文摘INTRODUCTION Lowering the carbon intensity of the built environment is one of many tasks that must be undertaken in order to address climate change and to encourage sustainability.The siting,design,construction,occupancy,renovation,and disposal of single-family homes are all factors that contribute to the large carbon emissions generated by the sector.There are numerous strategies that seek to minimize the amount of emissions generated by a house during its lifecycle.This paper explores the use of so-called natural building systems in building envelope construction.
文摘The main objective of this study is to determine the hydrogeochemical specificities of the groundwater of the Angovia mine operating permit, located in the Yaouré mountains in the center-west of Côte d’Ivoire. To do so, descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis methods with the SOM (Self Organizing Maps) algorithm were applied to the physicochemical parameters of 17 boreholes using the calcite (ISC) and dolomite (ISD) saturation indices. The results obtained have shown that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area has an average temperature of 27.52°C (long rainy season) and 27.87°C (long dry season) and has an average pH of 7.09 ± 0.35 during the main rainy season and 7.32 ± 0.35 during the main dry season. They are mineralized with an average electrical conductivity of 505.98 ± 302.85 μS/cm during the long rainy season and with 450.33 ± 233.74 μS/cm as average during the long dry season. The main phenomena at the origin of groundwater mineralization are water residence time, oxidation-reduction and surface inflow. The study of the relative age of the water shows that the groundwater in the Angovia mine operating permit area is mainly undersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. They are therefore very old in the aquifer with a slow circulation speed during the long rainy season and the long dry season.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2242213)。
文摘Abundant probability information from ensemble forecasting has been used to forecast extreme weather such as extremely high/low temperatures.In this study,leveraging the Convection Permitting Ensemble Forecasting System(CPEFS)of North China rather than coarse-resolution global ensemble forecast systems as in previous studies,based on the Anderson-Darling(A-D)test principle,we built an Extreme Weather Forecast Index(EFI)for temperature to forecast extreme temperature events over North China.Using the CPEFS's 3-yr historical forecast data,a cumulative distribution function(CDF)for temperature in North China was constructed,establishing a refined model climate capable of identifying extreme temperatures with geographical specific features.The temperature EFI was formulated to reflect differences between the ensemble forecast CDF and the model climate CDF,which can be used to forecast extreme temperatures.We conducted simulation experiments for extremely high(low)temperatures in summer(winter)2023.The results demonstrate that the EFI warning signals for extreme temperature aligned reasonably with the automatic station observations.It is found that the optimal EFI thresholds are 0.7 or 0.8(-0.8)for extremely high(low)temperatures.When applying the EFI thresholds to the extreme temperature events in China in 2023,EFI showed a strong skill at the 2-day lead time.However,the forecast accuracy decreased as the forecast lead time extended.Comparison between global ensemble-based EFI and CPEFS-based EFI reveals that high-resolution ensemble-based EFI products could in general achieve a better performance,providing strong warning signals and more refined geographical distributions.
文摘混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性是决定钢筋混凝土结构耐久性的关键因素之一。试验室内测定的混凝土材料的抗氯离子渗透性往往不能真实地反映混凝土保护层的抗氯离子渗透性。Permit Ion Migration Test是目前唯一一种可以现场测定混凝土保护层抗氯离子渗透性的试验方法。介绍Permit Ion Migration Test的基本原理和试验方法,推导理论计算公式。通过初步试验介绍了基本试验参数的测定方法并对试验数据的规范化处理提出了建议。
文摘Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comply with regulations and performance standards under the USA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act （SMCRA）, other federal environmental acts, and state programs. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality （WDEQ）/Land Quality Division （LQD） administers Wyoming＇s coal regulatory program. The permit application and bonding process for the largest surface coal mine permit in the USA, North Antelope Rochelle Mine （NARM） located in short grassland prairie in the northeast Wyoming, is discussed. The permit application process begins with the collection of baseline environ- mental data that characterizes premining conditions of the permit area. The permit application includes adjudication information, baseline information, mine and operation plans, and reclamation plans. Fulfillment of permit commitments and requirements of rules and regulations are inspected monthly by the LQD＇ s representative in the field. Before a mine permit is issued, the mine operator must submit a reclamation bond to secure the performance of reclamation obligations that is later revised annually. In Wyoming, four reclamation bond release phases indicate the completion of various stages of the reclamatikon process. NARM＇s specific bond release verification cirteria, performance standards, and field verificatoins of bond release phases are discussed. The Bond Release Geodatabase （a GIS/GPS approach） was developed for this mine to monitor progress in meeting criteria and performance standards for incremental bond release. The Bond Release Geodatabase significantly reduces the time needed to track bond release progress, reach agreement between operator and regulator, and improve the state inspector＇s ability to assess reclamation adequacy and progress.
基金P&D ANEEL (Electric Energy Sector Research and Technological Development Program in Brazil), which allows us to dare and innovate in dealing with routine issuesSGBH (State Grid Brazil Holding) for sponsoring believing in boldness and challenge。
文摘The growing demand for electricity in large Brazilian cities and the distance to the region with the largest energy production have encouraged the construction of transmission lines thousands of kilometers long, crossing several states of the federation. Therefore, the heterogeneity of requirements in federal, state and district environmental laws tend to lead to uncertainty for the investor regarding procedures and investments necessary for the completion of the project, as well as the time that the requirements will take to be fulfilled. In the present study, we identify and compare the criteria used by the various environmental licensing agencies for classifying transmission system projects in the different procedures(simplified and ordinary) of environmental licensing. It was possible to expose the differences and demonstrate some inconsistencies in the legislation of some Brazilian states. In particular, we note an absence of proportionality between the licensing requirements and the expected environmental impacts for projects on the physical, biological and social environments. Additionally, it was identified subjectivity in the requirement for social participation through public hearings, demanded by the legislation for the projects classified in the ordinary procedure.
文摘The United States Department of Energy (DOE) seeks to validate the feasibility of injecting, storing and monitoring CO2 in the subsurface (geologic storage) as an approach to mitigate atmospheric emissions of CO2. In an effort to pro- mote the development of a framework and the infrastructure necessary for the validation and deployment of carbon sequestration technologies, DOE established seven Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (RCSPs). The South- east Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (SECARB), whose lead organization is the Southern States Energy Board (SSEB), represents 13 States within the southeastern United States of America (USA). The SECARB Anthropo- genic Test R&D project is a demonstration of the deployment of CO2 capture, transport, geologic storage and monitor- ing technology. This project is an integral component of a plan by Southern Company, and its subsidiary, Alabama Power, to demonstrate integrated CO2 capture, transport and storage technology. The capture component of the test takes place at the James M. Barry Electric Generating Plant (Plant Barry) in Bucks, Alabama. The capture facility, equivalent to 25 MW, will utilize post-combustion amine capture technology licensed from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries America. CO2 captured at the plant will be transported by pipeline for underground storage in a deep, saline geologic formation within the Citronelle Dome located in Citronelle, Alabama. At the end of the first quarter of 2012, up to 550 tonnes of CO2 per day will be captured and transported twelve miles by pipeline to the storage site for injection and subsurface storage. The injection target is the lower Cretaceous Paluxy Formation which occurs at 9400 feet. Trans- portation and injection operations will continue for one to two years. Subsurface monitoring will be deployed through 2017 to track plume movement and monitor for leakage. This project will be one of the first and the largest fully-inte- grated commercial prototype coal-fired carbon capture and storage projects in the USA. This paper will discuss the re- sults to date, including permitting efforts, baseline geologic analysis and detailed reservoir modeling of the storage site, framing the discussion in terms of the overall goals of the project.
