In this paper, we are interested by the dissolution of NAPL (Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contaminants in heterogeneous soils or aquifers. The volume averaging technique is applied to 2D systems with Darcy-scale heteroge...In this paper, we are interested by the dissolution of NAPL (Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contaminants in heterogeneous soils or aquifers. The volume averaging technique is applied to 2D systems with Darcy-scale heterogeneities. A large-scale model is derived from a Darcy-scale dissolution model in the case of small and large Damkholer numbers, i.e., for smooth or sharp dissolution fronts. The resulting models in both cases have the mathematical structure of a non-equilibrium dissolution model. It is shown how to calculate the resulting mass exchange and relative permeability terms from the Darcy-scale heterogeneities and other fluid properties. One of the important finding is that the obtained values have a very different behavior compared to the Darcy-scale usual correlations. The large scale correlations are also very different between the two limit cases. The resulting large-scale models are compared favorably to Darcy-scale direct simulations.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the permeability characteristics of rebamipide across intestinal mucosa, and examine the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability across the colonic tissue. Another purpose is to de...AIM: To investigate the permeability characteristics of rebamipide across intestinal mucosa, and examine the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability across the colonic tissue. Another purpose is to demonstrate the colon-specific delivery of rebamipide with or without absorption enhancers using chitosan capsule as a carrier. METHODS: The permeability of rebamipide was evaluated using an in vitro diffusion chamber system, and the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability via colon were further investigated. The release of rebamipide from chitosan or gelatin capsule was studied by Japan Pharmacopoeia rotating basket method. The colonic and plasma concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate colon-targeting action after oral administration of various dosage forms, and rebamipide with absorption enhancers in chitosan dosage forms. RESULTS: The permeability of rebamipide across the jejunal or ileal membranes was higher than the colonic membranes. Both sodium laurate (C12) and labrasol signifi cantly increased permeability across the colon membranes. On the other hand, the release of rebamipide from chitosan capsule was less than 10%totally within 6 h. The area under concentration-time profile of drug in the colon mucosa using chitosan capsules (AUCLI, 1 6011.2 ng·h/g) was 2.5 times and 4.4 times greater than using gelatin capsules and CMC suspension, respectively. Meanwhile, the area under concentration-time profile of drug in the plasma (AUCPL) was 1016.0 ng·h/mL for chitosan capsule, 1887.9 ng·h/mL for CMC suspension p and 2163.5 ng·h/mL for gelatin capsule. Overall, both AUCLI and AUCPL were increased when C12 was co-administrated, but the increase of AUCLI was much greater; the drug delivery index (DDI) was more than 1 compared with simple chitosan capsule group. CONCLUSION: There was a regional difference in the permeability of Rabamipide across the jejunum, ileum and the colon, and passive diffusion seems to be one of the major transport mechanisms of rebamipide. Absorption enhancers can increase the permeability of rebamipide across the colon tissue signifi cantly. In addition, chitosan capsule may be a useful carrier to deliver rebamipide to the colon specifi cally and the co-administration of C12 with rebamipide may also be very useful in local treatment.展开更多
The flow of a micropolar fluid through a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls of different permeabilities is investigated. Two cases are considered, in which opposing walls undergo either uniform or non-...The flow of a micropolar fluid through a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls of different permeabilities is investigated. Two cases are considered, in which opposing walls undergo either uniform or non-uniform motion. In the first case, the homotopy analysis method （HAM） is used＇to obtain the expressions for the velocity and micro-rotation fields. Graphs are sketched for some parameters. The results show that the expansion ratio and the different permeabilities have important effects on the dynamic characteristics of the fluid. Following Xu＇s model, in the second case which is more general, the wall expansion ratio varies with time. Under this assumption, the governing equations axe transformed into nonlinear partial differential equations that can also be solved analytically by the HAM. In the process, both algebraic and exponential models are considered to describe the evolution of α（t） from the initial state α0 to the final state al. As a result, the time-dependent solutions are found to approach the steady state very rapidly. The results show that the time-dependent variation of the wall expansion ratio can be ignored because of its limited effects.展开更多
the vascular and cellular membranous permeabilities in the experimentally infected suckling BALB/c mice with Chen strain hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) were studied by employing horseradish peroxi...the vascular and cellular membranous permeabilities in the experimentally infected suckling BALB/c mice with Chen strain hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) were studied by employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), colloidal lanthanum and colloidal gold labelled antibodies as tracers and applying the tracers to the mice in vivo via tail veins, and the tissues were observed under light mcroscope and electron microscope. The vascular and cellular membranous permeabilities in the infected increased as the tracers appeared in the perivascular and interstitial tissues as well as in the cytoplasms of some parenchymal cells of the organs ,while the permeabilities remained normal in the control. The rasults suggest that in the infected mice, it might be the virus infection that was mainly responsible for the abnormal permeabilities.展开更多
Quantifying two-phase fluid flow in fractured rocks is essential for resource reutilization in abandoned mines,subsurface energy recovery and underground waste isolation.This study develops a mathematical framework fo...Quantifying two-phase fluid flow in fractured rocks is essential for resource reutilization in abandoned mines,subsurface energy recovery and underground waste isolation.This study develops a mathematical framework for predicting the permeability of rough fracture networks by integrating fractal geometry with single-phase and two-phase seepage theory.A permeability model for rough fracture networks is first established,and its sensitivity to key geometric parameters is analyzed.A second model is then formulated to relate water-phase saturation to measurable variables,enabling the estimation of two-phase permeability from Reynolds number and aperture.Model predictions show deviations of less than 10%from numerical simulations for both single-phase and two-phase flow,demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach.The results highlight the dominant roles of fracture number,tortuosity and aperture in controlling permeability,as well as the influence of flow regimes on relative permeability.The proposed framework provides a practical and physically based method for analyzing multiphase seepage in fractured rock and offers a foundation for further applications to field-scale fractured systems.展开更多
Water inrush hazards from the floor strata of longwall workingface are commonly encountered in North China coalfields,which essentially result from the evolution of permeability in the floor rock under complex mining-...Water inrush hazards from the floor strata of longwall workingface are commonly encountered in North China coalfields,which essentially result from the evolution of permeability in the floor rock under complex mining-induced stress conditions.Current research rarely addresses the evolution of rock permeability under such complex stress paths.Describing this evolution using only one stress parameter,such as effective stress,deviatoric stress,axial stress,or confining stress,is highly challenging.In this study,we developed a laboratory loading scheme that simulates mining-induced stress evolution.Hydro-mechanical experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of rock permeability under mining stress.The mechanism on the change of stress-permeability relationships in mining-disturbed rock is revealed,supporting to the analysis of management strategies for floor water-inrush disasters.The results show that rock permeability evolves through four stages,including rapid decline,gradual fluctuation,sharp increase,and slow attenuation.1–2 permeability surges occurred during mining-stress loading,closely linked to the emergence and reversal of deviatoric stress in magnitude and direction.With the first permeability surge,the deviatoric stress within the mudstone reached approximately 1.7 MPa,whereas that of the sandstone was about 1 MPa.The second permeability surge in the mudstone corresponded to the secondary rotation of the principal stress direction.CT and ultrasonic tests suggested an increase in microcracks in both rocks during the first permeability surge.However,the deviatoric stress-permeability plot before and after mining indicated that the fracture of mudstone sample changed significantly,while that of the sandstone remained unchanged.The permeability surges observed at different stages are interpreted as resulting from shear-induced reopening of pre-existing fractures and the formation of new shear-failure fractures.A stress-permeability model jointly governed by effective mean stress and deviatoric stress was established.Furthermore,two strategies are proposed for the floor water-inrush disasters prevention,(i)timely backfilling to reduce deviatoric stress,(ii)grouting after the first permeability surge.This work provides insights into stress-seepage behavior in rocks under complex stress evolution and offers new perspectives for identifying potential water inrush pathways in the floor strata of coal seam during longwall mining.展开更多
A novel method that combines reinforced enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(REICP)was proposed to improve the mechanical properties of dispersive soil.Dispersive soils,which are highly susceptible to erosion caused...A novel method that combines reinforced enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(REICP)was proposed to improve the mechanical properties of dispersive soil.Dispersive soils,which are highly susceptible to erosion caused by rainfall or seepage,pose significantenvironmental challenges.It is essential to focus on modifying dispersive soil using environmentally friendly methods.This study investigated the cohesion,internal friction angle,permeability,hydrostability test,and microstructure of dispersive soil treated with enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)-MgCl2-xanthan gum(REICP),using statistical analysis.A series of laboratory experiments was conducted,including direct shear tests,permeability experiments,mud ball tests,simulated rainfall tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the combined treatment significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of dispersive soil.At the optimal ratio,cohesion increased by a factor of 2,and the permeability coefficientdecreased by approximately 1.7×10^(7)times.Additionally,the strength parameters gradually increased with curing time.Microstructural analyses indicated that calcite precipitation,pore filling,and ionic redistribution significantlyimproved the mechanical properties and hydrostability of the soil.Statistical analyses showed that EICP materials and xanthan gum increased soil cohesion,while magnesium chloride enhanced the internal friction angle and reduced porosity.This study integrates mechanical testing,statistical analysis,and microstructural evaluation to propose a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for improving dispersive soils.This approach reduces the use of chemical modifiers,minimizes environmental impacts,and demonstrates application potential in the stabilization of dispersive soils.展开更多
Polymer-modified bentonite(PMB)is much more effective at containing chemically aggressive liquids than conventional bentonite.The PMB manufacturing process typically utilizes natural,high-quality sodium bentonite(NaB)...Polymer-modified bentonite(PMB)is much more effective at containing chemically aggressive liquids than conventional bentonite.The PMB manufacturing process typically utilizes natural,high-quality sodium bentonite(NaB)owing to its excellent hydrophilicity and swelling capacity.However,calcium bentonite(CaB),which is much more abundant worldwide,is rarely used for containment applications owing to its poor hydrophilicity.This study proposed a polymerization method that transforms sodium-activated calcium bentonite(NCB)into PMB to achieve low hydraulic conductivity(k)to aggressive liquids.The mechanism for its low k was revealed through characterization techniques and analyses(e.g.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)).The results showed that the PMB had a small amount of polymer elution(indicating better interface stability)and thus exhibited excellent barrier properties under chemically aggressive conditions,with the k of<10^(-11) m/s for 0.6 mol/L NaCl solution,which is four orders of magnitude lower than that of the NCB(k=3×10^(-7) m/s).Various microscopic analyses indicated that the selected monomers were successfully polymerized,and intercalated into and grafted onto the montmorillonite layers of bentonite.The formed polymer network increased the swelling capability of PMB granules,decreased the pore size,and created narrow and tortuous flow pathways leading to a very low k to aggressive liquids.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a prevalent and severe condition,with microcirculation disruptions playing a crucial role in its progression.Endothelial cell(EC)injury is the primary factor behind microcirculatory issues.This re...BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a prevalent and severe condition,with microcirculation disruptions playing a crucial role in its progression.Endothelial cell(EC)injury is the primary factor behind microcirculatory issues.This review is to outline the pathomechanism,organ heterogeneity,biomarkers,and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis,off ering references and insights for the clinical management of sepsis.METHODS:A systematic search of Web of Science and PubMed from inception to June 10,2025,limited to English publications,was conducted.Two reviewers independently identifi ed studies on EC injury in patients with septic microcirculatory dysfunction.Duplicate articles based on multiple search criteria were excluded.RESULTS:Fifty-nine articles,including cell,animal,and clinical studies,were included.These studies reported the effects of EC injury on the microcirculation in sepsis,including changes in vascular permeability,coagulation dysfunction,vasomotor regulation,and infl ammatory responses.These pathways interact and ultimately lead to septic microcirculation disorders.CONCLUSION:Sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction involves various interconnected mechanisms,which collectively compromise ECs and impede microcirculatory perfusion.Future research should enhance current understanding of endothelial injury mechanisms,develop synergistic multi-target strategies to disrupt this cycle,and facilitate the clinical application of endothelial markers for early intervention and dynamic assessment.展开更多
Biochar and zero-valent iron are promising materials for the removal of trichloroethylene(TCE)from groundwater,but further research is still required on the synergistic mechanism and hydraulic performance in the perme...Biochar and zero-valent iron are promising materials for the removal of trichloroethylene(TCE)from groundwater,but further research is still required on the synergistic mechanism and hydraulic performance in the permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)with biochar-iron composites.In this work,biochar-iron composites were synthesized by two different methods,and subjected to the microscopic analysis,batch experiments and the PRB’s model tests.The results indicated that the removal rates of TCE on biochar-iron composites reached above 90%,and the optimal removal conditions were the initial pH of 6.0 and a biochar/iron mass ratio of 5:1.The removal of TCE on biochar-iron composites followed the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models,and the maximum adsorption capacity of TCE was 25.95 mg/g.The adsorption of biochar and dechlorination of nZVI dominated the removal of TCE.Biochar significantly enhanced the dechlorination of TCE on nZVI through modifying the electrochemical characteristics to lower its corrosion potential of nZVI,promote direct electron transfer,and improve electronic transfer capability.M-5BC-1nZVI exhibited excellent hydraulic performance for maintaining an adequate permeability coefficient(10^(−6)to 10^(−5)m/s).展开更多
Permeable electronics promise improved physiological comfort,but remain constrained by limited functional integration and poor mechanical robustness.Here,we report a three-dimensional(3D)permeable electronic system th...Permeable electronics promise improved physiological comfort,but remain constrained by limited functional integration and poor mechanical robustness.Here,we report a three-dimensional(3D)permeable electronic system that overcomes these challenges by combining electrospun SEBS nanofiber mats,high-resolution liquid metal conductors patterned via thermal imprinting(50μm),and a strain isolators(SIL)that protects vertical interconnects(VIAs)from stress concentration.This architecture achieves ultrahigh air permeability(>5.09 m L cm^(-2)min^(-1)),exceptional stretchability(750%fracture strain),and reliable conductivity maintained through more than 32,500 strain cycles.Leveraging these advances,we have integrated multilayer circuits,strain sensors,and a three-axis accelerometer to achieve a fully integrated,stretchable,permeable wireless real-time gesture recognition glove.The system enables accurate sign language interpretation(98%)and seamless robotic hand control,demonstrating its potential for assistive technologies.By uniting comfort,durability,and high-density integration,this work establishes a versatile platform for nextgeneration wearable electronics and interactive human-robot interfaces.展开更多
Carbonate reservoirs are vital energy storage spaces,including for oil,shale gas,geothermal,and hydrogen energy.Accurate prediction of reservoir characteristics such as permeability and saturated fluid types through n...Carbonate reservoirs are vital energy storage spaces,including for oil,shale gas,geothermal,and hydrogen energy.Accurate prediction of reservoir characteristics such as permeability and saturated fluid types through noninvasive approaches is crucial for optimal storage capability.In this paper,we combine a linear Boolean model and a discrete Fourier transform approach to generate pore‐and fracturepore‐type carbonate rocks.Elastic wave velocity information is necessary to predict permeability in different rock geometry models.Permeability is calculated using the lattice Boltzmann method,and the elastic wave velocity is calculated using a finite element method based on a minimal energy approach.Saturated fluids that contain oil and gas were both considered.Our simulated results reveal that,for pore‐type carbonate,empirical formulas were proposed to estimate permeability through elastic data.However,in fracture‐pore carbonate rocks,the precision of the empirical formula is compromised due to the presence of significant conductive channels within the rock matrix.We also find that using S‐wave velocity and permeability relationships to distinguish oil and gas is better than using P‐wave velocity and permeability relationships under low‐porosity conditions.展开更多
Prediction of permeability changes in surrounding rock induced by engineering disturbances is crucial for mitigating tunnel water inrush accidents.This study investigates the progressive failure characteristics and pe...Prediction of permeability changes in surrounding rock induced by engineering disturbances is crucial for mitigating tunnel water inrush accidents.This study investigates the progressive failure characteristics and permeability evolution of hard and soft rocks subjected to triaxial compression.A series of laboratory tests were conducted at confining pressures ranging from 4 to 20 MPa.Experimental results demonstrate that rock permeability variation with strain shows three distinct stages:an initial decrease,a stage of rapid mutation,and a postpeak increase.The concept of critical permeability barrier strength is introduced,representing the stress level at which continuous fracture formation enables significant seepage.Furthermore,two generalized permeability–stress models are developed for soft and hard rocks.The predicted permeability values obtained from these models align well with the experimental data.These findings offer valuable insights into the hydro-mechanical coupling behavior of rocks,providing a foundation for safe construction practices in underground engineering.展开更多
Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is partic...Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is particularly prone to damage under combined stress and seepage interactions,and the mesoscale investigations on the damage-seepage coupling behavior of HAC under complex stress states remain limited.This research develops a numerical three-dimensional mesoscale model composed of asphalt mortar and polyhedral aggregate to investigate the stress-damage-seepage coupling behavior in HAC.In this model,asphalt mortar yields the viscoelastic continuum damage law and aggregate obeys the Mazars’elastic-brittle damage law;simultaneously,the effective permeability coefficient of asphalt mortar is assumed to follow an exponential function of damage.The predicted deviatoric stress-strain and hydraulic gradient-seepage curves both are in good agreement with the reported experimental results,which shows the proposed model is valid and reasonable.The simulated results indicate that the damaged asphalt mortar can induce localized areas of high permeability,which in turn affects the overall impervious performance of HAC.展开更多
Delayed neurocognitive recovery following anesthesia and surgery is a common complication in older adult patients.Synapses are fundamental to cognitive function.The activity of synapses heavily depends on the energy s...Delayed neurocognitive recovery following anesthesia and surgery is a common complication in older adult patients.Synapses are fundamental to cognitive function.The activity of synapses heavily depends on the energy supplied by synaptic mitochondria,which are significantly influenced by oxidative stress.Sirtuin 3 is a histone deacetylase located in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial function.However,it remains unclear whether and how sirtuin 3 is involved in the development of delayed cognitive recovery.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the potential role of sirtuin 3 in synapses during delayed neurocognitive recovery.Our results showed that anesthesia and surgery induced cognitive impairment in mice and reduced sirtuin 3 protein expression.Overexpression of sirtuin 3 inhibited opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by reducing acetylation of K166 on cyclophilin D and also rescued cognitive impairment.Aged mice carrying the cyclophilin D-K166R mutation exhibited significantly reduced cognitive impairment.Similarly,administering the mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker,cyclosporine A,effectively alleviated the decline in synaptic mitochondrial function and cognitive impairment caused by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice.These results indicate that the sirtuin 3/cyclophilin D-K166/mPTP signaling pathway in hippocampal synaptic mitochondria is involved in delayed neurocognitive recovery of aged mice,suggesting this pathway could serve as a potential target for treatment.展开更多
Carbohydrate partitioning from source to sink tissues is essential for plant growth and development.However,in maize(Zea mays L.),the molecular mechanisms by which callose synthase genes regulate this process remain l...Carbohydrate partitioning from source to sink tissues is essential for plant growth and development.However,in maize(Zea mays L.),the molecular mechanisms by which callose synthase genes regulate this process remain largely unexplored.This study demonstrates that mutation of maize callose synthase12(Zm Cals12)results in increased carbohydrate accumulation in photosynthetic leaves but decreased carbohydrate content in sink tissues,leading to plant dwarfing and male sterility.Histochemical β-glucuronidase(GUS)activity assay and m RNA in situ hybridization(ISH)revealed that Zm Cals12 expression mainly occurs in the vascular transport system.Zm Cals12 loss-of-function decreased callose synthase activity and callose deposition in plasmodesmatas(PDs)and surrounding phloem cells(PCs)of the vascular bundle.The drop-and-see(DANS)assay indicated reduced PD permeability in photosynthetic cells and diminished transport competence of leaf veins in Zmcals12 mutants,resulting in decreased symplastic transport.Paraffin section analysis revealed that less-developed vascular cells(VCs)in Zmcals12 mutants likely disrupted sugar transport,contributing to the pleiotropic phenotype.Furthermore,impaired sugar transport inhibited internode development by suppressing auxin(IAA)biosynthesis and signaling in Zmcals12 mutant.These findings elucidate the mechanism by which Zm Cals12-mediated callose deposition and symplastic transport regulate maize growth and development.展开更多
Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains chall...Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains challenging,thereby hindering the effective utilization of existing natural fractures.In this study,a phase field model was developed utilizing the finite element method to examine the influence of fluid presence,stress conditions,and natural fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures.The model employs Biot's poroelasticity theory to establish the coupling between the displacement field and the fluid field,while the phase field theory is applied to simulate fracture behavior.The results show that whenσ_(x0)/σ_(y0)<3 or qf<20 kg/(m^(3)·s),the presence of natural fractures can alter the original propagation direction of hydraulic fractures.Conversely,in the absence of these conditions,the propagation path of natural fractures is predominantly influenced by the initial stress field.Furthermore,based on the analysis of breakdown pressure and damage area,the optimal intersection angle between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures is determined to range from 45°to 60°.Finally,once a dominant channel forms,initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in other directions becomes increasingly difficult,even in highly fractured areas.This method tackles the challenges of initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in complex geological conditions,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)projects.展开更多
The physical properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs are important factors affecting the percolation ability of the reservoirs.Tight-sand reservoirs exhibit complex pore throat connectivity due to the extensive developme...The physical properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs are important factors affecting the percolation ability of the reservoirs.Tight-sand reservoirs exhibit complex pore throat connectivity due to the extensive development of micro-and nano-scale pore and throat systems.Characterizing the microscopic properties of these reservoirs using nondestructive,quantitative methods serves as an important means to determine the characteristics of microscopic pores and throats in tight-sand reservoirs and the mechanism behind the influence of these characteristics on reservoir porosity and permeability.In this study,a low-permeability sandstone sample and two tight sandstone samples collected from the Ordos Basin were nondestructively tested using high-resolution nano-CT technology to quantitively characterize their microscopic pore throat structures and model them three-dimensionally(in 3D)based on CT threshold differences and gray models.A thorough analysis and comparison reveal that the three samples exhibit a certain positive correlation between their porosity and permeability but the most important factor affecting both porosity and permeability is the microscopic pore throat structure.Although the number of pores in tight sandstones shows a minor impact on their porosity,large pores(more than 20μm)contribute predominantly to porosity,suggesting that the permeability of tight sandstones is controlled primarily by large pore throats.For these samples,higher permeability corresponds to larger average throat sizes.Therefore,throats with average radii greater than 2μm can significantly improve the permeability of tight sandstones.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver d...BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.展开更多
Understanding the storage mechanisms in CO_(2)flooding is crucial,as many carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects are related to enhanced oil recovery(EOR).CO_(2)storage in reservoirs across large timesca...Understanding the storage mechanisms in CO_(2)flooding is crucial,as many carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects are related to enhanced oil recovery(EOR).CO_(2)storage in reservoirs across large timescales undergoes the two storage stages of oil displacement and well shut-in,which cover mul-tiple replacement processes of injection-production synchronization,injection only with no production,and injection-production stoppage.Because the controlling mechanism of CO_(2)storage in different stages is unknown,the evolution of CO_(2)storage mechanisms over large timescales is not understood.A math-ematical model for the evaluation of CO_(2)storage,including stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trapping in low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs,was established using experimental and theoret-ical analyses.Based on a detailed geological model of the Huaziping Oilfield,calibrated with reservoir permeability and fracture characteristic parameters obtained from well test results,a dynamic simulation of CO_(2)storage for the entire reservoir life cycle under two scenarios of continuous injection and water-gas alternation were considered.The results show that CO_(2)storage exhibits the significant stage charac-teristics of complete storage,dynamic storage,and stable storage.The CO_(2)storage capacity and storage rate under the continuous gas injection scenario(scenario 1)were 6.34×10^(4)t and 61%,while those under the water-gas alternation scenario(scenario 2)were 4.62×10^(4)t and 46%.The proportions of stor-age capacity under scenarios 1 and 2 for structural or stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trap-ping were 33.36%,33.96%,32.43%,and 0.25%;and 15.09%,38.65%,45.77%,and 0.49%,respectively.The evolution of the CO_(2)storage mechanism showed an overall trend:stratigraphic and residual trapping first increased and then decreased,whereas solubility trapping gradually decreased,and mineral trapping continuously increased.Based on these results,an evolution diagram of the CO_(2)storage mechanism of low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs across large timescales was established.展开更多
文摘In this paper, we are interested by the dissolution of NAPL (Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid) contaminants in heterogeneous soils or aquifers. The volume averaging technique is applied to 2D systems with Darcy-scale heterogeneities. A large-scale model is derived from a Darcy-scale dissolution model in the case of small and large Damkholer numbers, i.e., for smooth or sharp dissolution fronts. The resulting models in both cases have the mathematical structure of a non-equilibrium dissolution model. It is shown how to calculate the resulting mass exchange and relative permeability terms from the Darcy-scale heterogeneities and other fluid properties. One of the important finding is that the obtained values have a very different behavior compared to the Darcy-scale usual correlations. The large scale correlations are also very different between the two limit cases. The resulting large-scale models are compared favorably to Darcy-scale direct simulations.
基金Research Funding of Medical Association of Japanese-Chinese, Japan
文摘AIM: To investigate the permeability characteristics of rebamipide across intestinal mucosa, and examine the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability across the colonic tissue. Another purpose is to demonstrate the colon-specific delivery of rebamipide with or without absorption enhancers using chitosan capsule as a carrier. METHODS: The permeability of rebamipide was evaluated using an in vitro diffusion chamber system, and the effects of some absorption enhancers on the permeability via colon were further investigated. The release of rebamipide from chitosan or gelatin capsule was studied by Japan Pharmacopoeia rotating basket method. The colonic and plasma concentrations were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate colon-targeting action after oral administration of various dosage forms, and rebamipide with absorption enhancers in chitosan dosage forms. RESULTS: The permeability of rebamipide across the jejunal or ileal membranes was higher than the colonic membranes. Both sodium laurate (C12) and labrasol signifi cantly increased permeability across the colon membranes. On the other hand, the release of rebamipide from chitosan capsule was less than 10%totally within 6 h. The area under concentration-time profile of drug in the colon mucosa using chitosan capsules (AUCLI, 1 6011.2 ng·h/g) was 2.5 times and 4.4 times greater than using gelatin capsules and CMC suspension, respectively. Meanwhile, the area under concentration-time profile of drug in the plasma (AUCPL) was 1016.0 ng·h/mL for chitosan capsule, 1887.9 ng·h/mL for CMC suspension p and 2163.5 ng·h/mL for gelatin capsule. Overall, both AUCLI and AUCPL were increased when C12 was co-administrated, but the increase of AUCLI was much greater; the drug delivery index (DDI) was more than 1 compared with simple chitosan capsule group. CONCLUSION: There was a regional difference in the permeability of Rabamipide across the jejunum, ileum and the colon, and passive diffusion seems to be one of the major transport mechanisms of rebamipide. Absorption enhancers can increase the permeability of rebamipide across the colon tissue signifi cantly. In addition, chitosan capsule may be a useful carrier to deliver rebamipide to the colon specifi cally and the co-administration of C12 with rebamipide may also be very useful in local treatment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 50936003 and50905013)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials (No. 2009z-02)
文摘The flow of a micropolar fluid through a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls of different permeabilities is investigated. Two cases are considered, in which opposing walls undergo either uniform or non-uniform motion. In the first case, the homotopy analysis method （HAM） is used＇to obtain the expressions for the velocity and micro-rotation fields. Graphs are sketched for some parameters. The results show that the expansion ratio and the different permeabilities have important effects on the dynamic characteristics of the fluid. Following Xu＇s model, in the second case which is more general, the wall expansion ratio varies with time. Under this assumption, the governing equations axe transformed into nonlinear partial differential equations that can also be solved analytically by the HAM. In the process, both algebraic and exponential models are considered to describe the evolution of α（t） from the initial state α0 to the final state al. As a result, the time-dependent solutions are found to approach the steady state very rapidly. The results show that the time-dependent variation of the wall expansion ratio can be ignored because of its limited effects.
文摘the vascular and cellular membranous permeabilities in the experimentally infected suckling BALB/c mice with Chen strain hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus (HFRSV) were studied by employing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), colloidal lanthanum and colloidal gold labelled antibodies as tracers and applying the tracers to the mice in vivo via tail veins, and the tissues were observed under light mcroscope and electron microscope. The vascular and cellular membranous permeabilities in the infected increased as the tracers appeared in the perivascular and interstitial tissues as well as in the cytoplasms of some parenchymal cells of the organs ,while the permeabilities remained normal in the control. The rasults suggest that in the infected mice, it might be the virus infection that was mainly responsible for the abnormal permeabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52504155 and 52374147)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3804204)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M753531)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2024ZB853).
文摘Quantifying two-phase fluid flow in fractured rocks is essential for resource reutilization in abandoned mines,subsurface energy recovery and underground waste isolation.This study develops a mathematical framework for predicting the permeability of rough fracture networks by integrating fractal geometry with single-phase and two-phase seepage theory.A permeability model for rough fracture networks is first established,and its sensitivity to key geometric parameters is analyzed.A second model is then formulated to relate water-phase saturation to measurable variables,enabling the estimation of two-phase permeability from Reynolds number and aperture.Model predictions show deviations of less than 10%from numerical simulations for both single-phase and two-phase flow,demonstrating the accuracy and robustness of the proposed approach.The results highlight the dominant roles of fracture number,tortuosity and aperture in controlling permeability,as well as the influence of flow regimes on relative permeability.The proposed framework provides a practical and physically based method for analyzing multiphase seepage in fractured rock and offers a foundation for further applications to field-scale fractured systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20165 and 52474156)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region(No.2023B01010-1)the China Scholarship Council(No.202406420054).
文摘Water inrush hazards from the floor strata of longwall workingface are commonly encountered in North China coalfields,which essentially result from the evolution of permeability in the floor rock under complex mining-induced stress conditions.Current research rarely addresses the evolution of rock permeability under such complex stress paths.Describing this evolution using only one stress parameter,such as effective stress,deviatoric stress,axial stress,or confining stress,is highly challenging.In this study,we developed a laboratory loading scheme that simulates mining-induced stress evolution.Hydro-mechanical experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of rock permeability under mining stress.The mechanism on the change of stress-permeability relationships in mining-disturbed rock is revealed,supporting to the analysis of management strategies for floor water-inrush disasters.The results show that rock permeability evolves through four stages,including rapid decline,gradual fluctuation,sharp increase,and slow attenuation.1–2 permeability surges occurred during mining-stress loading,closely linked to the emergence and reversal of deviatoric stress in magnitude and direction.With the first permeability surge,the deviatoric stress within the mudstone reached approximately 1.7 MPa,whereas that of the sandstone was about 1 MPa.The second permeability surge in the mudstone corresponded to the secondary rotation of the principal stress direction.CT and ultrasonic tests suggested an increase in microcracks in both rocks during the first permeability surge.However,the deviatoric stress-permeability plot before and after mining indicated that the fracture of mudstone sample changed significantly,while that of the sandstone remained unchanged.The permeability surges observed at different stages are interpreted as resulting from shear-induced reopening of pre-existing fractures and the formation of new shear-failure fractures.A stress-permeability model jointly governed by effective mean stress and deviatoric stress was established.Furthermore,two strategies are proposed for the floor water-inrush disasters prevention,(i)timely backfilling to reduce deviatoric stress,(ii)grouting after the first permeability surge.This work provides insights into stress-seepage behavior in rocks under complex stress evolution and offers new perspectives for identifying potential water inrush pathways in the floor strata of coal seam during longwall mining.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42407199)Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.PL2024D003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572023CT17).
文摘A novel method that combines reinforced enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(REICP)was proposed to improve the mechanical properties of dispersive soil.Dispersive soils,which are highly susceptible to erosion caused by rainfall or seepage,pose significantenvironmental challenges.It is essential to focus on modifying dispersive soil using environmentally friendly methods.This study investigated the cohesion,internal friction angle,permeability,hydrostability test,and microstructure of dispersive soil treated with enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation(EICP)-MgCl2-xanthan gum(REICP),using statistical analysis.A series of laboratory experiments was conducted,including direct shear tests,permeability experiments,mud ball tests,simulated rainfall tests,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results showed that the combined treatment significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of dispersive soil.At the optimal ratio,cohesion increased by a factor of 2,and the permeability coefficientdecreased by approximately 1.7×10^(7)times.Additionally,the strength parameters gradually increased with curing time.Microstructural analyses indicated that calcite precipitation,pore filling,and ionic redistribution significantlyimproved the mechanical properties and hydrostability of the soil.Statistical analyses showed that EICP materials and xanthan gum increased soil cohesion,while magnesium chloride enhanced the internal friction angle and reduced porosity.This study integrates mechanical testing,statistical analysis,and microstructural evaluation to propose a sustainable and environmentally friendly method for improving dispersive soils.This approach reduces the use of chemical modifiers,minimizes environmental impacts,and demonstrates application potential in the stabilization of dispersive soils.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52478351,52208329)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Grant No.JCYJ20240813143306009)support is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Polymer-modified bentonite(PMB)is much more effective at containing chemically aggressive liquids than conventional bentonite.The PMB manufacturing process typically utilizes natural,high-quality sodium bentonite(NaB)owing to its excellent hydrophilicity and swelling capacity.However,calcium bentonite(CaB),which is much more abundant worldwide,is rarely used for containment applications owing to its poor hydrophilicity.This study proposed a polymerization method that transforms sodium-activated calcium bentonite(NCB)into PMB to achieve low hydraulic conductivity(k)to aggressive liquids.The mechanism for its low k was revealed through characterization techniques and analyses(e.g.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)).The results showed that the PMB had a small amount of polymer elution(indicating better interface stability)and thus exhibited excellent barrier properties under chemically aggressive conditions,with the k of<10^(-11) m/s for 0.6 mol/L NaCl solution,which is four orders of magnitude lower than that of the NCB(k=3×10^(-7) m/s).Various microscopic analyses indicated that the selected monomers were successfully polymerized,and intercalated into and grafted onto the montmorillonite layers of bentonite.The formed polymer network increased the swelling capability of PMB granules,decreased the pore size,and created narrow and tortuous flow pathways leading to a very low k to aggressive liquids.
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a prevalent and severe condition,with microcirculation disruptions playing a crucial role in its progression.Endothelial cell(EC)injury is the primary factor behind microcirculatory issues.This review is to outline the pathomechanism,organ heterogeneity,biomarkers,and therapeutic implications of endothelial dysfunction in sepsis,off ering references and insights for the clinical management of sepsis.METHODS:A systematic search of Web of Science and PubMed from inception to June 10,2025,limited to English publications,was conducted.Two reviewers independently identifi ed studies on EC injury in patients with septic microcirculatory dysfunction.Duplicate articles based on multiple search criteria were excluded.RESULTS:Fifty-nine articles,including cell,animal,and clinical studies,were included.These studies reported the effects of EC injury on the microcirculation in sepsis,including changes in vascular permeability,coagulation dysfunction,vasomotor regulation,and infl ammatory responses.These pathways interact and ultimately lead to septic microcirculation disorders.CONCLUSION:Sepsis-induced endothelial dysfunction involves various interconnected mechanisms,which collectively compromise ECs and impede microcirculatory perfusion.Future research should enhance current understanding of endothelial injury mechanisms,develop synergistic multi-target strategies to disrupt this cycle,and facilitate the clinical application of endothelial markers for early intervention and dynamic assessment.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978157).
文摘Biochar and zero-valent iron are promising materials for the removal of trichloroethylene(TCE)from groundwater,but further research is still required on the synergistic mechanism and hydraulic performance in the permeable reactive barriers(PRBs)with biochar-iron composites.In this work,biochar-iron composites were synthesized by two different methods,and subjected to the microscopic analysis,batch experiments and the PRB’s model tests.The results indicated that the removal rates of TCE on biochar-iron composites reached above 90%,and the optimal removal conditions were the initial pH of 6.0 and a biochar/iron mass ratio of 5:1.The removal of TCE on biochar-iron composites followed the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models,and the maximum adsorption capacity of TCE was 25.95 mg/g.The adsorption of biochar and dechlorination of nZVI dominated the removal of TCE.Biochar significantly enhanced the dechlorination of TCE on nZVI through modifying the electrochemical characteristics to lower its corrosion potential of nZVI,promote direct electron transfer,and improve electronic transfer capability.M-5BC-1nZVI exhibited excellent hydraulic performance for maintaining an adequate permeability coefficient(10^(−6)to 10^(−5)m/s).
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant 2024YFB4405300 and 2022YFA1204300the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant 2023JJ20016+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants of 52221001 and 62090035the Key Research and Development Plan of Hunan Province under grants of 2022GK3002 and 2023GK2012the Key Program of Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province under grant of 2020XK2001。
文摘Permeable electronics promise improved physiological comfort,but remain constrained by limited functional integration and poor mechanical robustness.Here,we report a three-dimensional(3D)permeable electronic system that overcomes these challenges by combining electrospun SEBS nanofiber mats,high-resolution liquid metal conductors patterned via thermal imprinting(50μm),and a strain isolators(SIL)that protects vertical interconnects(VIAs)from stress concentration.This architecture achieves ultrahigh air permeability(>5.09 m L cm^(-2)min^(-1)),exceptional stretchability(750%fracture strain),and reliable conductivity maintained through more than 32,500 strain cycles.Leveraging these advances,we have integrated multilayer circuits,strain sensors,and a three-axis accelerometer to achieve a fully integrated,stretchable,permeable wireless real-time gesture recognition glove.The system enables accurate sign language interpretation(98%)and seamless robotic hand control,demonstrating its potential for assistive technologies.By uniting comfort,durability,and high-density integration,this work establishes a versatile platform for nextgeneration wearable electronics and interactive human-robot interfaces.
基金Chengdu University of Technology Youth Teaching Backbone Project,Grant/Award Number:10912-JXGG2023-09458Sichuan Province Overseas Returnees Science and Technology Excellence Project,Grant/Award Number:10900-23BZ28-02+1 种基金Physics-informed machine learning for coupled modelling of carbon storage,Grant/Award Number:SKLGME021002Chengdu University of Technology Research Start-up Fund,Grant/Award Number:10912-KYQD2022-09458。
文摘Carbonate reservoirs are vital energy storage spaces,including for oil,shale gas,geothermal,and hydrogen energy.Accurate prediction of reservoir characteristics such as permeability and saturated fluid types through noninvasive approaches is crucial for optimal storage capability.In this paper,we combine a linear Boolean model and a discrete Fourier transform approach to generate pore‐and fracturepore‐type carbonate rocks.Elastic wave velocity information is necessary to predict permeability in different rock geometry models.Permeability is calculated using the lattice Boltzmann method,and the elastic wave velocity is calculated using a finite element method based on a minimal energy approach.Saturated fluids that contain oil and gas were both considered.Our simulated results reveal that,for pore‐type carbonate,empirical formulas were proposed to estimate permeability through elastic data.However,in fracture‐pore carbonate rocks,the precision of the empirical formula is compromised due to the presence of significant conductive channels within the rock matrix.We also find that using S‐wave velocity and permeability relationships to distinguish oil and gas is better than using P‐wave velocity and permeability relationships under low‐porosity conditions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52274082,42307244,42230704Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2024BAB26047+3 种基金Innovative Experts,Long-term Program of Jiangxi Province,Grant/Award Number:jxsq2018106049Opening Foundation of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Building Structure and Underground Engineering,Grant/Award Number:KLBSUE‐2022‐04Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:JXUSTQJBJ2020003Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2023QN1024。
文摘Prediction of permeability changes in surrounding rock induced by engineering disturbances is crucial for mitigating tunnel water inrush accidents.This study investigates the progressive failure characteristics and permeability evolution of hard and soft rocks subjected to triaxial compression.A series of laboratory tests were conducted at confining pressures ranging from 4 to 20 MPa.Experimental results demonstrate that rock permeability variation with strain shows three distinct stages:an initial decrease,a stage of rapid mutation,and a postpeak increase.The concept of critical permeability barrier strength is introduced,representing the stress level at which continuous fracture formation enables significant seepage.Furthermore,two generalized permeability–stress models are developed for soft and hard rocks.The predicted permeability values obtained from these models align well with the experimental data.These findings offer valuable insights into the hydro-mechanical coupling behavior of rocks,providing a foundation for safe construction practices in underground engineering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3005603-01)the Natural Science Foundation Science of Anhui Province(Grant No.2308085US02).
文摘Hydraulic asphalt concrete(HAC)has been increasingly employed as an appropriate impervious structure in hydraulic and hydropower engineering.However,asphalt mortar,usually seen as the matrix of HAC composite,is particularly prone to damage under combined stress and seepage interactions,and the mesoscale investigations on the damage-seepage coupling behavior of HAC under complex stress states remain limited.This research develops a numerical three-dimensional mesoscale model composed of asphalt mortar and polyhedral aggregate to investigate the stress-damage-seepage coupling behavior in HAC.In this model,asphalt mortar yields the viscoelastic continuum damage law and aggregate obeys the Mazars’elastic-brittle damage law;simultaneously,the effective permeability coefficient of asphalt mortar is assumed to follow an exponential function of damage.The predicted deviatoric stress-strain and hydraulic gradient-seepage curves both are in good agreement with the reported experimental results,which shows the proposed model is valid and reasonable.The simulated results indicate that the damaged asphalt mortar can induce localized areas of high permeability,which in turn affects the overall impervious performance of HAC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81701040(to HM),82071180(to HM),82271206(to TL),82171191(to YW),82371211(to YW)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.7212023(to HM)Key Subject of the Natural Science Foundation ofJiangsu Province for Colleges and Universities,No.23KJA320009(to YW).
文摘Delayed neurocognitive recovery following anesthesia and surgery is a common complication in older adult patients.Synapses are fundamental to cognitive function.The activity of synapses heavily depends on the energy supplied by synaptic mitochondria,which are significantly influenced by oxidative stress.Sirtuin 3 is a histone deacetylase located in the mitochondrial matrix that plays a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial function.However,it remains unclear whether and how sirtuin 3 is involved in the development of delayed cognitive recovery.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the potential role of sirtuin 3 in synapses during delayed neurocognitive recovery.Our results showed that anesthesia and surgery induced cognitive impairment in mice and reduced sirtuin 3 protein expression.Overexpression of sirtuin 3 inhibited opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore by reducing acetylation of K166 on cyclophilin D and also rescued cognitive impairment.Aged mice carrying the cyclophilin D-K166R mutation exhibited significantly reduced cognitive impairment.Similarly,administering the mitochondrial permeability transition pore blocker,cyclosporine A,effectively alleviated the decline in synaptic mitochondrial function and cognitive impairment caused by anesthesia and surgery in aged mice.These results indicate that the sirtuin 3/cyclophilin D-K166/mPTP signaling pathway in hippocampal synaptic mitochondria is involved in delayed neurocognitive recovery of aged mice,suggesting this pathway could serve as a potential target for treatment.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771876)the Biological Breeding Program of State Key Laboratory of Sichuan Agricultural University,China(SKL-ZY202234)the Sichuan Province Science and Technology Program,China(2021YFYZ0011 and 2021YFYZ0017)。
文摘Carbohydrate partitioning from source to sink tissues is essential for plant growth and development.However,in maize(Zea mays L.),the molecular mechanisms by which callose synthase genes regulate this process remain largely unexplored.This study demonstrates that mutation of maize callose synthase12(Zm Cals12)results in increased carbohydrate accumulation in photosynthetic leaves but decreased carbohydrate content in sink tissues,leading to plant dwarfing and male sterility.Histochemical β-glucuronidase(GUS)activity assay and m RNA in situ hybridization(ISH)revealed that Zm Cals12 expression mainly occurs in the vascular transport system.Zm Cals12 loss-of-function decreased callose synthase activity and callose deposition in plasmodesmatas(PDs)and surrounding phloem cells(PCs)of the vascular bundle.The drop-and-see(DANS)assay indicated reduced PD permeability in photosynthetic cells and diminished transport competence of leaf veins in Zmcals12 mutants,resulting in decreased symplastic transport.Paraffin section analysis revealed that less-developed vascular cells(VCs)in Zmcals12 mutants likely disrupted sugar transport,contributing to the pleiotropic phenotype.Furthermore,impaired sugar transport inhibited internode development by suppressing auxin(IAA)biosynthesis and signaling in Zmcals12 mutant.These findings elucidate the mechanism by which Zm Cals12-mediated callose deposition and symplastic transport regulate maize growth and development.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB150740401)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42202336)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program in China(Y826031C01)。
文摘Hydraulic stimulation technology is widely employed to enhance the permeability of geothermal reservoirs.Nevertheless,accurately predicting hydraulic fracture propagation in complex geological conditions remains challenging,thereby hindering the effective utilization of existing natural fractures.In this study,a phase field model was developed utilizing the finite element method to examine the influence of fluid presence,stress conditions,and natural fractures on the initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures.The model employs Biot's poroelasticity theory to establish the coupling between the displacement field and the fluid field,while the phase field theory is applied to simulate fracture behavior.The results show that whenσ_(x0)/σ_(y0)<3 or qf<20 kg/(m^(3)·s),the presence of natural fractures can alter the original propagation direction of hydraulic fractures.Conversely,in the absence of these conditions,the propagation path of natural fractures is predominantly influenced by the initial stress field.Furthermore,based on the analysis of breakdown pressure and damage area,the optimal intersection angle between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures is determined to range from 45°to 60°.Finally,once a dominant channel forms,initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in other directions becomes increasingly difficult,even in highly fractured areas.This method tackles the challenges of initiating and propagating hydraulic fractures in complex geological conditions,providing a theoretical basis for optimizing Enhanced Geothermal System(EGS)projects.
文摘The physical properties of hydrocarbon reservoirs are important factors affecting the percolation ability of the reservoirs.Tight-sand reservoirs exhibit complex pore throat connectivity due to the extensive development of micro-and nano-scale pore and throat systems.Characterizing the microscopic properties of these reservoirs using nondestructive,quantitative methods serves as an important means to determine the characteristics of microscopic pores and throats in tight-sand reservoirs and the mechanism behind the influence of these characteristics on reservoir porosity and permeability.In this study,a low-permeability sandstone sample and two tight sandstone samples collected from the Ordos Basin were nondestructively tested using high-resolution nano-CT technology to quantitively characterize their microscopic pore throat structures and model them three-dimensionally(in 3D)based on CT threshold differences and gray models.A thorough analysis and comparison reveal that the three samples exhibit a certain positive correlation between their porosity and permeability but the most important factor affecting both porosity and permeability is the microscopic pore throat structure.Although the number of pores in tight sandstones shows a minor impact on their porosity,large pores(more than 20μm)contribute predominantly to porosity,suggesting that the permeability of tight sandstones is controlled primarily by large pore throats.For these samples,higher permeability corresponds to larger average throat sizes.Therefore,throats with average radii greater than 2μm can significantly improve the permeability of tight sandstones.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,No.2023YFF0713700 and No.2023YFF0713705Common Technology R&D Platform of Shaanxi Province,No.2023GXJS-01-1-2the Cyrus Tang Foundation Chung Ying Young Scholars Program.
文摘BACKGROUND Duodenal mucosal ablation(DMA)using irreversible electroporation(IRE)with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist has been clinically shown to reduce liver lipid deposition in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).However,the specific metabolic contributions of DMA using IRE in NAFLD remain unclear.AIM To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of DMA using IRE in NAFLD rat models.METHODS Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent DMA using IRE after 8 weeks on a high-fat diet.Two weeks post-treatment,duodenal and liver tissues and blood samples were collected.We evaluated differences in the duodenal wall structure,liver lipid deposition,enteroendocrine,claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 in the duodenal mucosa.RESULTS DMA using IRE could be safely performed in rats with NAFLD without duodenal bleeding,perforation,or stenosis.The duodenum healed well 2 weeks after DMA and was characterized by slimmer villi,narrower and shallower crypts,and thicker myenterons compared with the sham-control setting.Liver lipid deposition was reduced and serum lipid index parameters were considerably improved in the DMA setting.However,these improvements were independent of food intake and weight loss.In addition,enteroendocrine parameters,such as claudin,and zonula ocludens-1 levels in the duodenal mucosa,differed between the different settings in the DMA group.CONCLUSION By altering enteroendocrine and duodenal permeability,simple DMA using IRE ameliorated liver lipid deposition and improved serum lipid parameters in NAFLD rats.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0206700).
文摘Understanding the storage mechanisms in CO_(2)flooding is crucial,as many carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)projects are related to enhanced oil recovery(EOR).CO_(2)storage in reservoirs across large timescales undergoes the two storage stages of oil displacement and well shut-in,which cover mul-tiple replacement processes of injection-production synchronization,injection only with no production,and injection-production stoppage.Because the controlling mechanism of CO_(2)storage in different stages is unknown,the evolution of CO_(2)storage mechanisms over large timescales is not understood.A math-ematical model for the evaluation of CO_(2)storage,including stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trapping in low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs,was established using experimental and theoret-ical analyses.Based on a detailed geological model of the Huaziping Oilfield,calibrated with reservoir permeability and fracture characteristic parameters obtained from well test results,a dynamic simulation of CO_(2)storage for the entire reservoir life cycle under two scenarios of continuous injection and water-gas alternation were considered.The results show that CO_(2)storage exhibits the significant stage charac-teristics of complete storage,dynamic storage,and stable storage.The CO_(2)storage capacity and storage rate under the continuous gas injection scenario(scenario 1)were 6.34×10^(4)t and 61%,while those under the water-gas alternation scenario(scenario 2)were 4.62×10^(4)t and 46%.The proportions of stor-age capacity under scenarios 1 and 2 for structural or stratigraphic,residual,solubility,and mineral trap-ping were 33.36%,33.96%,32.43%,and 0.25%;and 15.09%,38.65%,45.77%,and 0.49%,respectively.The evolution of the CO_(2)storage mechanism showed an overall trend:stratigraphic and residual trapping first increased and then decreased,whereas solubility trapping gradually decreased,and mineral trapping continuously increased.Based on these results,an evolution diagram of the CO_(2)storage mechanism of low-permeability tight sandstone reservoirs across large timescales was established.
