Fracture is a very common failure mode of the composite materials,which seriously affects the reliability and service-life of composite materials.Therefore,the study of the fracture behavior of the composite materials...Fracture is a very common failure mode of the composite materials,which seriously affects the reliability and service-life of composite materials.Therefore,the study of the fracture behavior of the composite materials is of great significance and necessity,which demands an accurate and efficient numerical tool in general cases because of the complexity of the arising boundary-value or initial-boundary value problems.In this paper,a phase field model is adopted and applied for the numerical simulation of the crack nucleation and propagation in brittle linear elastic two-phase perforated/particulate composites under a quasi-static tensile loading.The phase field model can well describe the initiation,propagation and coalescence of the cracks without assuming the existence and the geometry of the initial cracks in advance.Its numerical implementation is realized within the framework of the finite element method(FEM).The accuracy and the efficiency of the present phase field model are verified by the available reference results in literature.In the numerical examples,we first study and discuss the influences of the hole/particle size on the crack propagation trajectory and the force-displacement curve.Then,the effects of the hole/particle shape on the crack initiation and propagation are investigated.Furthermore,numerical examples are presented and discussed to show the influences of the hole/particle location on the crack initiation and propagation characteristics.It will be demonstrated that the present phase field model is an efficient tool for the numerical simulation of the crack initiation and propagation problems in brittle two-phase composite materials,and the corresponding results may play an important role in predicting and preventing possible hazardous crack initiation and propagation in engineering applications.展开更多
Microorganisms constitute an essential component in the indoor environment,which is closely related to hu-man health.However,there is limited evidence regarding the associations between indoor airborne microbiome and ...Microorganisms constitute an essential component in the indoor environment,which is closely related to hu-man health.However,there is limited evidence regarding the associations between indoor airborne microbiome and systemic inflammation,as well as whether this association is modified by indoor particulate matter and the underlying mechanisms.In this prospective repeated-measure study among 66 participants,indoor airborne mi-crobiome was characterized using amplicon sequencing and qPCR.Indoor fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particulate matter(PM10)were measured.Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were assessed,including white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(NEUT),monocyte,eosinophil counts,and their proportions.Targeted serum amino acid metabolomics were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms.Linear mixed-effect models re-vealed that bacterial and fungal Simpson diversity were significantly associated with decreased WBC and NEUT.For example,for each interquartile range increase in the bacterial Simpson diversity,WBC and NEUT changed by-4.53%(95%CI:-8.25%,-0.66%)and-5.95%(95%CI:-11.3%,-0.27%),respectively.Notably,increased inflammatory risks of airborne microbial exposure were observed when indoor PM_(2.5) and PM10 levels were below the WHO air quality guidelines.Mediation analyses indicated that dopamine metabolism partially mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of fungal diversity exposure.Overall,our study indicated protection from a diverse indoor microbial environment on cardiovascular health and proposed an underlying mechanism through amino acid metabolism.Additionally,health risks associated with microbial exposure deserve more attention in con-texts of low indoor particulate matter pollution.Further research is necessary to fully disentangle the complex relationships between indoor microbiome,air pollutants,and human health.展开更多
An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduc...An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduced wave equation.The theoretical solutions for the heave radiating potential to the assigned physical model in the corresponding zones are attained by using the separation of variables approach along with the Fourier expansion.Applying the matching eigenfunction expansion technique and orthogonal conditions,the unknown coefficients that are involved in the radiated potentials are determined.The attained radiation potential allows the computation of hydrodynamic coefficients of the heaving buoy,Power Take-Off damping,and wave quantities.The accuracy of the analytical solution for the hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated for different oblique angles with varying numbers of terms in the series solution.The current analytical analysis findings are confirmed by existing published numerical boundary element method simulations.Several numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients,power capture,power take-off optimal damping,and transmission coefficients for numerous structural and physical aspects are conducted.It has been noted that the ideal power take-off damping increases as the angle of incidence rises,and the analysis suggests that the ability to capture waves is more effective in shallower waters compared to deeper ones.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal（FSM） on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia（NH3） and partic...This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal（FSM） on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia（NH3） and particulate matter（PM） in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets（Landrace×Yorkshire,（16.3±0.36） kg body weight） were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM（control） or diet containing 10%（100 g/kg） fresh FSM（FSM group）, and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased（P〈0.05） average daily gain（ADG） compared with the control. There was no significant difference（P〈0.05） in feed to gain ratio（F：G） between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH3 in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM（PM（10） and PM（2.5）） in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased（P〈0.05） by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal p H declined（P〈0.05） significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein（TP） concentration was increased（P〈0.05） significantly and blood urea nitrogen（BUN） concentration was decreased（P〈0.05） for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH3 concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM（10） and PM（2.5） in the piggery.展开更多
Objective Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter(UPM,aerodynamic diameter<0.1μm)is associated with adverse cardiovascular events.Previous studies have found that Shenlian(SL)extra...Objective Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter(UPM,aerodynamic diameter<0.1μm)is associated with adverse cardiovascular events.Previous studies have found that Shenlian(SL)extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and has a promising protective effect at all stages of the atherosclerotic disease process.In this study,we aimed to investigated whether SL improves UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis.Methods We established a mouse model of MI+UPM.Echocardiographic measurement,measurement of myocardialinfarct size,biochemical analysis,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathological analysis,Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling(TUNEL),Western blotting(WB),Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)and so on were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of SL in vivo and in vitro.Results SL treatment can attenuate UPM-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving left ventricular ejection fraction,fractional shortening,and decreasing cardiac infarction area.SL significantly reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes and attenuated UPM-induced morphological alterations.Moreover,SL significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,and MCP-1.UPM further increased the infiltration of macrophages in myocardial tissue,whereas SL intervention reversed this phenomenon.UPM also triggered myocardial apoptosis,which was markedly attenuated by SL treatment.The results of in vitro experiments revealed that SL prevented cell damage caused by exposure to UPM combined with hypoxia by reducing the expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB and inhibiting apoptosis in H9c2 cells.Conclusion Overall,both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SL attenuated UPMaggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis.The mechanisms were related to the downregulation of macrophages infiltrating heart tissues.展开更多
Diesel powered vehicles,in compliance with the more strict exhaust emission standards such as Euro V,is likely to require a diesel particulate filter(DPF).A DPF used on a vehicle will affect the acoustic emission of t...Diesel powered vehicles,in compliance with the more strict exhaust emission standards such as Euro V,is likely to require a diesel particulate filter(DPF).A DPF used on a vehicle will affect the acoustic emission of the diesel engine,so it is important to investigate the sound propagation rule in DPF and further to propose the optimum DPF design.However,due to the geometrical complexity of the DPF,the traditional analysis method,such as analytical method,can not assess the acoustic performance of DPF accurately in medium and high frequency band.In this paper,a combined approach of finite element analysis and viscosity correction is proposed to predict acoustic performance of DPF.A simplified model of the full DPF is established and is used to analyze the sound propagation characteristic of the DPF.The distribution of the sound pressure and velocity,the transmission matrix of the DPF are obtained using the finite element method.In addition,the method of the viscosity correction is used in the transmission matrix of the DPF to evaluate the acoustic performance of DPF.Based on the FEM computation and the viscosity correction,the transmission losses under the rated load and idle condition of a diesel engine are calculated.The calculation results show that DPF can effectively attenuate exhaust noise,and sound attenuation increase with the rise of the frequency.Sound attenuation is better under rated condition than idle condition of diesel engine,particularly in frequency above 1000 Hz.展开更多
The transport of suspended particulate matter is a crucial aspect of studies on sediment source-to-sink processes.However,research on its transport patterns in high-erosion areas of low-latitude seas remains limited.T...The transport of suspended particulate matter is a crucial aspect of studies on sediment source-to-sink processes.However,research on its transport patterns in high-erosion areas of low-latitude seas remains limited.To elucidate modern land-sea interaction processes controlled by the monsoon climate,this study investigates the seasonal transport patterns and control mechanisms of suspended particulate matter in the western Sunda Shelf.Results reveal significant seasonal variations in the spatial distribution of suspended particulate matter concentrations,with elevated levels observed during autumn compared with spring.These differences are directly attributed to the East Asian monsoon,including seasonal monsoon precipitation and the associated transport dynamics.During the northeast monsoon,the Malay Peninsula serves as a primary source for the western sea area,with terrestrial materials from its rivers transported to the northern Gulf of Thailand.This transport pattern shifts to an S-shaped,clockwise circulation during upwelling events.Conversely,in the southwest monsoon,rivers in the northern Gulf of Thailand become the predominant sources for the Sunda Shelf,with terrestrial materials carried by clockwise currents toward the eastern Malay Peninsula.When upwelling occurs off the southern Indochina Peninsula,one branch heads toward the South China Sea and the other toward the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.The seasonal variation in material sources is further supported by the distribution of clay minerals and the discrimination results of rare earth element proxies,including(La/Sm)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCCand(La/Yb)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCC,in surface sediments from the Sunda Shelf and surrounding marine areas.展开更多
In order to reveal the mechanics of composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter, a composite regeneration model by coupling cerium-based additive and microwav...In order to reveal the mechanics of composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter, a composite regeneration model by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter was established based on field synergy theory. Performance evaluation on field synergy and composite regeneration of the diesel particulate filter was conducted by using the vortex crushing combustion and field synergy mathematical models. The results show that the peak temperature of the particulate filter body reaches 1180-1190 K when the regeneration time is 175 s, and there are optimal coordination degree between the velocity vector and temperature gradient of the filter body and the maximum ratio0.56-0.60 of the best burning regeneration region is obtained. Accordingly, the largest regeneration combustion rate inside the particulate filter body and the highest regeneration efficiency at the moment are achieved.展开更多
Seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in atmospheric particulates were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with fluorescence detector using direction injection and an on-line enri...Seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in atmospheric particulates were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with fluorescence detector using direction injection and an on-line enrichment trap column. The method simplified the sample pretreatment, saved time and increased the efficiency. With the on-line trap column, PAHs were separated availably even underground injecting 1.0 ml sample with relatively high column efficiency. The recoveries of the seven PAHs were from 85% to 120% for spiked atmospheric particulate sample. The limit of detection was 15.3-39.6 ng/L （S/N=3.3）. There were good linear correlations between the peak areas and concentrations of the seven kinds of PAHs in the range of 1-50 ng/ml with the correlation coefficients over 0.9970. Furthermore, it also indicated that the method is available to determine PAHs in atmospheric particulates well.展开更多
An experimental system of diesel particulate filter(DPF)regeneration using non-thermal plasma(NTP)technology assisted by exhaust waste heat was conducted and regeneration experiments of DPFs with different amounts of ...An experimental system of diesel particulate filter(DPF)regeneration using non-thermal plasma(NTP)technology assisted by exhaust waste heat was conducted and regeneration experiments of DPFs with different amounts of trapped particulate matter(PM)were conducted.The concentrations of the PM decomposition products(CO,)and the internal temperature of the DPF were monitored to determine the performance of DPF regeneration and thermal safety of the NTP technology.The results showed that the concentrations of CO and CO2and the mass of P.V1 decomposition increased with the increase in the amount of captured PM,whereas the concentration of the NTP active substance(O,)escaping from the DPF decreased under the same working conditions of the NTP injection system.A higher amount of captured PM promoted the oxidative decomposition reaction between NTP and PM and improved the utilization rate of the NTP active substances.The peak temperature at the same measuring point inside the DPF generally increased and the phases of the peak temperature were delayed as the amount of captured PM increased.The temperature peaks and temperature gradients during the DPF regeneration process were far lower than llie failure limit value,which indicates that NTP regeneration technology has good thermal durability and increases the service life of the DPF.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perforated gastric cancer(GC)is a rare but life-threatening surgical emergency.Optimal surgical management remains controversial,and evidence from highvolume centers,especially in Western countries,is limit...BACKGROUND Perforated gastric cancer(GC)is a rare but life-threatening surgical emergency.Optimal surgical management remains controversial,and evidence from highvolume centers,especially in Western countries,is limited.AIM To evaluate surgical and survival outcomes of patients with perforated GC(PGC)according to the initial treatment strategy.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all patients with pathologically confirmed perforated gastric adenocarcinoma treated at a single tertiary cancer center between January 2009 and March 2024.Surgical strategies were categorized as gastrectomy or primary perforation repair.Outcomes analyzed included 30-and 90-day mortality,postoperative major complications,and overall survival(OS).RESULTS Among 1586 GC patients undergoing surgical treatment,36(2.3%)presented with PGC.The mean age was 62.5 years,and 55%were male.American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)class III/IV was present in 58.3%,and 83%had stage IV disease,with distant metastasis in 50%.Perforation repair was performed in 26 patients(72.2%),while 10(27.8%)underwent one-stage gastrectomy.ASA III/IV status(57.7%vs 30%,P=0.260)and metastatic disease(57.7%vs 30%,P=0.137)were more frequent in the Perforation Repair Group,though not statistically significant.This group also had a higher rate of diffuse-type and poorly differentiated tumors(P=0.024 and P=0.014,respectively).Thirty-and 90-day mortality were higher in the Perforation Repair Group(61.5%vs 30%,P=0.139;and 65.4%vs 30%,P=0.073),without significance.Three patients initially repaired were later referred for gastrectomy.OS was significantly better in the Gastrectomy Group(P=0.002),with median survival of 8.8 months vs 0.5 months.On multivariable analysis,gastrectomy was independently associated with improved survival(P=0.026).CONCLUSION When clinically feasible,gastrectomy—either immediate or delayed—provides superior survival compared to local perforation repair alone in patients with PGC.展开更多
Fine particulate matter(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5μm or less;PM2.5)causes millions of premature deaths globally1,but not all particles are equally harmful2-4.Current air-pollution control strategies,pr...Fine particulate matter(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5μm or less;PM2.5)causes millions of premature deaths globally1,but not all particles are equally harmful2-4.Current air-pollution control strategies,prioritizing PM2.5 mass reduction,have provided considerable health benefits but further refinements based on differences in the toxicity of various emission sources may provide greater benefits5-7.Here we integrated field measurements with air-quality modelling to assess the unequal toxicities of PM2.5 from various anthropogenic sources.展开更多
A hydrodynamic model is used to study Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)instability of the interface between two particle-laden inviscid fluids moving with two different uniform mean velocities.Explicit eigen-equation is derived to...A hydrodynamic model is used to study Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)instability of the interface between two particle-laden inviscid fluids moving with two different uniform mean velocities.Explicit eigen-equation is derived to study the effect of suspended particles on the growth rate of KH instability.For dusty gases with negligible volume fraction of heavy particles and small particle-to-fluid mass ratio,the real and imaginary parts of leading-order asymptotic expression derived by the present model for the growth rate are shown to be identical to the earlier results derived by the classical Saffman model established for dusty gases.Beyond the known results,explicit leading-order asymptotic expressions for the effect of suspended particles on the growth rate are derived for several typical cases of basic interest.It is shown that the suspended particles can decrease or increase the growth rate of KH instability depending on the Stokes numbers of the particles and whether the particles are heavier or lighter than the clean fluid.Compared to the mass density of the clean fluid,our results based on leading-order asymptotic solutions show that heavier particles and lighter particles have opposite effects on the growth rate of KH instability,while the effect of neutrally buoyant particles on the growth rate of KH instability is negligible.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pediatric perforated appendicitis(PPA)is a severe acute condition requiring surgical intervention and postoperative antibiotic therapy.Antibiotic selection differs significantly among pediatric centers,and ...BACKGROUND Pediatric perforated appendicitis(PPA)is a severe acute condition requiring surgical intervention and postoperative antibiotic therapy.Antibiotic selection differs significantly among pediatric centers,and an ideal postoperative antiinfective approach for PPA management has yet to be established.AIM To examine the spectrum of pathogenic bacteria in pediatric PPA and to summarize the postoperative experience with carbapenem(CBP)and cephalosporin(CPS)antibiotics.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 65 children(43 boys,22 girls;mean age 6.92±3.41 years)with PPA who underwent surgery at our hospital between December 2019 and August 2022.Data were collected in September 2023.Based on postoperative antibiotic selection,patients were divided into CBP(32 cases)and CPS(33 cases)groups.Chi-square and T-tests compared recovery outcomes,while univariate and multivariate regression models identified independent factors affecting postoperative recovery.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender,age,weight,height,body mass index,baseline ear temperature,or heart rate(P>0.05).Escherichia coli(40.00%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(24.62%)were the most common pathogens in PPA.Postoperative analysis showed significantly shorter C-reactive protein(CRP)recovery times in the CPS group than in the CBP group[(6.18±1.84)vs(8.12±3.48)days,P=0.009].Univariate logistic regression indicated CPS selection(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.10-0.97,P=0.044)was significantly associated with a higher CRP recovery rate within 7 days.Multivariate analysis confirmed CPS selection(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.19-10.24,P=0.023)as an independent factor affecting CRP recovery within 7 days postoperatively.CONCLUSION The choice of CBP or CPS independently affects CRP recovery within 7 days.CBP offers no advantage over CPS in treating PPA,with CPS also demonstrating favorable clinical outcomes.展开更多
The risk of exposure to particulate matter(PM)has been consistently highlighted globally owing to its detrimental effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and in the development of lung cancer.Additionall...The risk of exposure to particulate matter(PM)has been consistently highlighted globally owing to its detrimental effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and in the development of lung cancer.Additionally,PM promotes cancer cell metastasis;however,research elucidating the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the strategies to inhibit it remains limited.The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying PM-induced cancer metastasis and investigate the preventive role of ginsenoside Rg3.We treated macrophages with PM and confirmed an increase in the expression and secretion of chemokines,such as CCL3,CCL4,and CCL5.This effect was mediated by the MAPK and NF-kB pathways,and Rg3 inhibited this process by suppressing chemokine expression.These chemokines regulate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers in cancer cells,including Snail,Slug,ZEB1,and E-cadherin.The regulated EMT markers increased the motility of cancer cells in vitro.Furthermore,an increase in CCL3,CCL4,and CCL5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was confirmed in a PM inhalation mouse model,and Rg3 reduced PM-induced cancer metastasis.The study findings suggest the potential use of Rg3 as a therapeutic agent to prevent PM-induced cancer metastasis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complications occur in approximately 12%of cases of diverticulitis,with perforation occurring in up to 10%of complications.Typically,patient with perforated diverticulitis present intraperitoneally with abd...BACKGROUND Complications occur in approximately 12%of cases of diverticulitis,with perforation occurring in up to 10%of complications.Typically,patient with perforated diverticulitis present intraperitoneally with abdominal pain and peritoneal signs.By contrast,pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumomediastinum are rare complications and lack typical symptoms,making their diagnosis difficult and often delayed,leading to increased morbidity and mortality.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man presented with lower abdominal pain for 3 days.On examination,his vital signs were stable,and the abdomen was soft with mild distension and left lower quadrant tenderness,but no peritoneal signs were noted.Laboratory tests indicated leukocytosis and a markedly elevated C-reactive protein level.Abdominal computed tomography(CT)revealed focal wall thickening and fat stranding near the rectosigmoid junction as well as pneumoretroperitoneum,pneumomediastinum,and minor pneumoperitoneum.Suspecting hollow organ perforation,an emergent exploratory laparotomy was performed which revealed a retroperitoneal abscess with mesocolonic necrosis,likely due to perforated sigmoid diverticulitis.The patient underwent sigmoid resection with Hartmann’s procedure and retroperitoneal drainage.Follow-up CT on postoperative day 14 confirmed resolution of the free air,and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 40 with an uneventful recovery.CONCLUSION Pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumomediastinum are rare complications of perforated diverticulitis,often with delayed diagnosis due to the absence of peritoneal signs.CT aids detection,and timely surgical intervention is crucial.展开更多
Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic ...Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic obstacles are considered as the dominant inhibition for attaining satisfactory energy-conversion efficiency.The complexity in light absorption and carrier transfer behaviors has remained to be further clearly illuminated.It is challenging to trace the fast evolution of charge carriers involved in transfer migration and interfacial reactions within a micro–nano-single-particle photocatalyst,which requires spatiotemporal high resolution.In this review,comprehensive dynamic descriptions including irradiation field,carrier separation and transfer,and interfacial reaction processes have been elucidated and discussed.The corresponding mechanisms for revealing dynamic behaviors have been explained.In addition,numerical simulation and modeling methods have been illustrated for the description of the irradiation field.Experimental measurements and spatiotemporal characterizations have been clarified for the reflection of carrier behavior and probing detection of interfacial reactions.The representative applications have been introduced according to the reported advanced research works,and the relationships between mechanistic conclusions from variable spatiotemporal measurements and photocatalytic performance results in the specific photocatalytic reactions have been concluded.This review provides a collective perspective for the full understanding and thorough evaluation of the primary dynamic processes,which would be inspired for the improvement in designing solar-driven energy-conversion systems based on nanoscale particulate photocatalysts.展开更多
Objective Several epidemiological observational studies have related particulate matter(PM)exposure to Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but many confounding factors make it difficult to draw causal links from observati...Objective Several epidemiological observational studies have related particulate matter(PM)exposure to Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but many confounding factors make it difficult to draw causal links from observational studies.The objective of this study was to explore the causal association between PM_(2.5)exposure,its absorbance,and IBD.Methods We assessed the association of PM_(2.5)and PM_(2.5)absorbance with the two primary forms of IBD(Crohn’s disease[CD]and ulcerative colitis[UC])using Mendelian randomization(MR)to explore the causal relationship.We conducted two-sample MR analyses with aggregated data from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study.Single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked with PM_(2.5)concentrations or their absorbance were used as instrumental variables(IVs).We used inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analytical approach and four other standard methods as supplementary analyses for quality control.Results The results of MR demonstrated that PM_(2.5)had an adverse influence on UC risk(odds ratio[OR]=1.010;95%confidence interval[CI]=1.001–1.019,P=0.020).Meanwhile,the results of IVW showed that PM_(2.5)absorbance was also causally associated with UC(OR=1.012;95%CI=1.004–1.019,P=0.002).We observed no causal relationship between PM_(2.5),PM_(2.5)absorbance,and CD.The results of sensitivity analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy,ensuring the reliability of MR results.Conclusion Based on two-sample MR analyses,there are potential positive causal relationships between PM_(2.5),PM_(2.5)absorbance,and UC.展开更多
Controlling the adhesion of potentially corrosive substances from flue gas on grate bar is crucial for extending the operational lifespan of the equipment.The adhesive behaviour and mechanism of ultrafine particulate ...Controlling the adhesion of potentially corrosive substances from flue gas on grate bar is crucial for extending the operational lifespan of the equipment.The adhesive behaviour and mechanism of ultrafine particulate matters(UPM)throughout the sintering process were elucidated,and measures to control adhesion on grate bars were developed.Research findings indicated that a small quantity of UPM were found on grate bar during the initial sintering stages(ignition stage and middle stageⅠandⅡ).The main compositions of UPM were FexOy-rich,CaO-rich,and aluminium silicate-rich particles.In contrast,corrosive substances like alkali metal compounds were almost absent.These UPM adhered onto grate bar primarily through inertial impaction.When moving to the final sintering stages(middle stageⅢand temperature rising stage),many UPM rich in corrosive substances like NaCl and KCl adhered to the grate bar.These UPM adhered to grate bar through thermal diffusion and vortex deposition.Solid waste water washing technology can greatly decrease the quantity of UPM(rich in NaCl and KCl)on the grate bar due to vortex deposition and thermal diffusion,and it represents a potentially promising way to control adhesion and corrosion on grate bars.展开更多
Objective The effects of prolonged exposure to persistently elevated atmospheric pollutants,commonly termed air pollution waves,on fertility intentions remain inadequately understood.This study aims to investigate the...Objective The effects of prolonged exposure to persistently elevated atmospheric pollutants,commonly termed air pollution waves,on fertility intentions remain inadequately understood.This study aims to investigate the association between particulate matter(PM)exposure and fertility intentions.Methods In this nationwide cross-sectional study,we analyzed data from 10,747 participants(5496 females and 5251 males).PM waves were defined as periods lasting 3‒6 consecutive days during which the daily average concentrations exceeded China’s Ambient Air Quality Standards Grade II thresholds(PM2.5>75μg/m3 and PM10>150μg/m3).We employed multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between exposure to PM waves and fertility intentions.Results Significant inverse associations were detected between exposure to PM2.5 wave events(characterized by concentrations exceeding 75μg/m3 for durations of 4‒6 days,P<0.05)and PM10 wave events(defined as concentrations exceeding 150μg/m3 for 6 consecutive days,P<0.05)and fertility intentions among females.In contrast,neither the PM2.5 wave nor the PM10 wave events demonstrated statistically significant correlations with fertility intentions in males(P>0.05 for all comparisons).The potentially susceptible subgroup was identified as females aged 20–30 years.Conclusions Our results provide the first evidence that PM2.5 and PM10 waves are associated with a reduction in female fertility intentions,offering critical insights for the development of public health policies and strategies aimed at individual protection.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants U1333201 and U1833116)。
文摘Fracture is a very common failure mode of the composite materials,which seriously affects the reliability and service-life of composite materials.Therefore,the study of the fracture behavior of the composite materials is of great significance and necessity,which demands an accurate and efficient numerical tool in general cases because of the complexity of the arising boundary-value or initial-boundary value problems.In this paper,a phase field model is adopted and applied for the numerical simulation of the crack nucleation and propagation in brittle linear elastic two-phase perforated/particulate composites under a quasi-static tensile loading.The phase field model can well describe the initiation,propagation and coalescence of the cracks without assuming the existence and the geometry of the initial cracks in advance.Its numerical implementation is realized within the framework of the finite element method(FEM).The accuracy and the efficiency of the present phase field model are verified by the available reference results in literature.In the numerical examples,we first study and discuss the influences of the hole/particle size on the crack propagation trajectory and the force-displacement curve.Then,the effects of the hole/particle shape on the crack initiation and propagation are investigated.Furthermore,numerical examples are presented and discussed to show the influences of the hole/particle location on the crack initiation and propagation characteristics.It will be demonstrated that the present phase field model is an efficient tool for the numerical simulation of the crack initiation and propagation problems in brittle two-phase composite materials,and the corresponding results may play an important role in predicting and preventing possible hazardous crack initiation and propagation in engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22376005,22076006 and 82073506).
文摘Microorganisms constitute an essential component in the indoor environment,which is closely related to hu-man health.However,there is limited evidence regarding the associations between indoor airborne microbiome and systemic inflammation,as well as whether this association is modified by indoor particulate matter and the underlying mechanisms.In this prospective repeated-measure study among 66 participants,indoor airborne mi-crobiome was characterized using amplicon sequencing and qPCR.Indoor fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and inhalable particulate matter(PM10)were measured.Systemic inflammatory biomarkers were assessed,including white blood cell(WBC),neutrophil(NEUT),monocyte,eosinophil counts,and their proportions.Targeted serum amino acid metabolomics were conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms.Linear mixed-effect models re-vealed that bacterial and fungal Simpson diversity were significantly associated with decreased WBC and NEUT.For example,for each interquartile range increase in the bacterial Simpson diversity,WBC and NEUT changed by-4.53%(95%CI:-8.25%,-0.66%)and-5.95%(95%CI:-11.3%,-0.27%),respectively.Notably,increased inflammatory risks of airborne microbial exposure were observed when indoor PM_(2.5) and PM10 levels were below the WHO air quality guidelines.Mediation analyses indicated that dopamine metabolism partially mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of fungal diversity exposure.Overall,our study indicated protection from a diverse indoor microbial environment on cardiovascular health and proposed an underlying mechanism through amino acid metabolism.Additionally,health risks associated with microbial exposure deserve more attention in con-texts of low indoor particulate matter pollution.Further research is necessary to fully disentangle the complex relationships between indoor microbiome,air pollutants,and human health.
基金Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN(b-on)the Strategic Research Plan of the Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering(CENTEC),which is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology(Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-FCT)under contract UIDB/UIDP/00134/2020.
文摘An analytical model of a floating heaving box integrated with a vertical flexible porous membrane placed right next to the box applications to wave energy extraction and breakwater systems is developed under the reduced wave equation.The theoretical solutions for the heave radiating potential to the assigned physical model in the corresponding zones are attained by using the separation of variables approach along with the Fourier expansion.Applying the matching eigenfunction expansion technique and orthogonal conditions,the unknown coefficients that are involved in the radiated potentials are determined.The attained radiation potential allows the computation of hydrodynamic coefficients of the heaving buoy,Power Take-Off damping,and wave quantities.The accuracy of the analytical solution for the hydrodynamic coefficients is demonstrated for different oblique angles with varying numbers of terms in the series solution.The current analytical analysis findings are confirmed by existing published numerical boundary element method simulations.Several numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients,power capture,power take-off optimal damping,and transmission coefficients for numerous structural and physical aspects are conducted.It has been noted that the ideal power take-off damping increases as the angle of incidence rises,and the analysis suggests that the ability to capture waves is more effective in shallower waters compared to deeper ones.
基金Project supported by the Key Agricultural Projects of Ningbo Science and Technology Bureau of Zhejiang Province(No.2013C11008),China
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal（FSM） on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia（NH3） and particulate matter（PM） in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets（Landrace×Yorkshire,（16.3±0.36） kg body weight） were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM（control） or diet containing 10%（100 g/kg） fresh FSM（FSM group）, and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased（P〈0.05） average daily gain（ADG） compared with the control. There was no significant difference（P〈0.05） in feed to gain ratio（F：G） between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH3 in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM（PM（10） and PM（2.5）） in the piggery decreased（P〈0.05） by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased（P〈0.05） by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal p H declined（P〈0.05） significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein（TP） concentration was increased（P〈0.05） significantly and blood urea nitrogen（BUN） concentration was decreased（P〈0.05） for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH3 concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM（10） and PM（2.5） in the piggery.
基金supported by CACMS Innovation Fund(No CI2021A04611,CI2021A05106)Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021B015)+1 种基金Scientific and technological innovation project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2023E001TS01)Fundamental research funds for the central public welfare research institutes(L2022035).
文摘Objective Emerging evidence suggests that exposure to ultrafine particulate matter(UPM,aerodynamic diameter<0.1μm)is associated with adverse cardiovascular events.Previous studies have found that Shenlian(SL)extract possesses anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties and has a promising protective effect at all stages of the atherosclerotic disease process.In this study,we aimed to investigated whether SL improves UPM-aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis.Methods We established a mouse model of MI+UPM.Echocardiographic measurement,measurement of myocardialinfarct size,biochemical analysis,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathological analysis,Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling(TUNEL),Western blotting(WB),Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)and so on were used to explore the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects of SL in vivo and in vitro.Results SL treatment can attenuate UPM-induced cardiac dysfunction by improving left ventricular ejection fraction,fractional shortening,and decreasing cardiac infarction area.SL significantly reduced the levels of myocardial enzymes and attenuated UPM-induced morphological alterations.Moreover,SL significantly reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6,TNF-α,and MCP-1.UPM further increased the infiltration of macrophages in myocardial tissue,whereas SL intervention reversed this phenomenon.UPM also triggered myocardial apoptosis,which was markedly attenuated by SL treatment.The results of in vitro experiments revealed that SL prevented cell damage caused by exposure to UPM combined with hypoxia by reducing the expression of the inflammatory factor NF-κB and inhibiting apoptosis in H9c2 cells.Conclusion Overall,both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SL attenuated UPMaggravated myocardial ischemic injury by inhibiting inflammation and cell apoptosis.The mechanisms were related to the downregulation of macrophages infiltrating heart tissues.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2009AA045103)Tianjin Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.05YFJMJC10700)
文摘Diesel powered vehicles,in compliance with the more strict exhaust emission standards such as Euro V,is likely to require a diesel particulate filter(DPF).A DPF used on a vehicle will affect the acoustic emission of the diesel engine,so it is important to investigate the sound propagation rule in DPF and further to propose the optimum DPF design.However,due to the geometrical complexity of the DPF,the traditional analysis method,such as analytical method,can not assess the acoustic performance of DPF accurately in medium and high frequency band.In this paper,a combined approach of finite element analysis and viscosity correction is proposed to predict acoustic performance of DPF.A simplified model of the full DPF is established and is used to analyze the sound propagation characteristic of the DPF.The distribution of the sound pressure and velocity,the transmission matrix of the DPF are obtained using the finite element method.In addition,the method of the viscosity correction is used in the transmission matrix of the DPF to evaluate the acoustic performance of DPF.Based on the FEM computation and the viscosity correction,the transmission losses under the rated load and idle condition of a diesel engine are calculated.The calculation results show that DPF can effectively attenuate exhaust noise,and sound attenuation increase with the rise of the frequency.Sound attenuation is better under rated condition than idle condition of diesel engine,particularly in frequency above 1000 Hz.
基金the Basic Scientific Fund for National Public Research Institutes of China(No.2023Q03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42476078,42306091)+2 种基金the National Programme on Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(Nos.GASI-04-HYDZ-02,GASI-02-SCS-CJB01)the China-Malaysia Cooperation Project‘Effect on Variability of Seasonal Monsoon on Sedimentary Process in Peninsular Malaysia Waters’the China-Thailand Cooperation Project‘Research on Vulnerability of Coastal Zone’。
文摘The transport of suspended particulate matter is a crucial aspect of studies on sediment source-to-sink processes.However,research on its transport patterns in high-erosion areas of low-latitude seas remains limited.To elucidate modern land-sea interaction processes controlled by the monsoon climate,this study investigates the seasonal transport patterns and control mechanisms of suspended particulate matter in the western Sunda Shelf.Results reveal significant seasonal variations in the spatial distribution of suspended particulate matter concentrations,with elevated levels observed during autumn compared with spring.These differences are directly attributed to the East Asian monsoon,including seasonal monsoon precipitation and the associated transport dynamics.During the northeast monsoon,the Malay Peninsula serves as a primary source for the western sea area,with terrestrial materials from its rivers transported to the northern Gulf of Thailand.This transport pattern shifts to an S-shaped,clockwise circulation during upwelling events.Conversely,in the southwest monsoon,rivers in the northern Gulf of Thailand become the predominant sources for the Sunda Shelf,with terrestrial materials carried by clockwise currents toward the eastern Malay Peninsula.When upwelling occurs off the southern Indochina Peninsula,one branch heads toward the South China Sea and the other toward the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula.The seasonal variation in material sources is further supported by the distribution of clay minerals and the discrimination results of rare earth element proxies,including(La/Sm)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCCand(La/Yb)UCC-(Gd/Yb)UCC,in surface sediments from the Sunda Shelf and surrounding marine areas.
基金Projects(51176045,51276056)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(531105050037)supported by the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University,ChinaProjects(201208430262,201306130031)supported by the National Studying Abroad Foundation Project of China
文摘In order to reveal the mechanics of composite regeneration by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter, a composite regeneration model by coupling cerium-based additive and microwave for a diesel particulate filter was established based on field synergy theory. Performance evaluation on field synergy and composite regeneration of the diesel particulate filter was conducted by using the vortex crushing combustion and field synergy mathematical models. The results show that the peak temperature of the particulate filter body reaches 1180-1190 K when the regeneration time is 175 s, and there are optimal coordination degree between the velocity vector and temperature gradient of the filter body and the maximum ratio0.56-0.60 of the best burning regeneration region is obtained. Accordingly, the largest regeneration combustion rate inside the particulate filter body and the highest regeneration efficiency at the moment are achieved.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20437020)Major Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCX3-SW-432).
文摘Seven polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） in atmospheric particulates were determinated by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） with fluorescence detector using direction injection and an on-line enrichment trap column. The method simplified the sample pretreatment, saved time and increased the efficiency. With the on-line trap column, PAHs were separated availably even underground injecting 1.0 ml sample with relatively high column efficiency. The recoveries of the seven PAHs were from 85% to 120% for spiked atmospheric particulate sample. The limit of detection was 15.3-39.6 ng/L （S/N=3.3）. There were good linear correlations between the peak areas and concentrations of the seven kinds of PAHs in the range of 1-50 ng/ml with the correlation coefficients over 0.9970. Furthermore, it also indicated that the method is available to determine PAHs in atmospheric particulates well.
文摘An experimental system of diesel particulate filter(DPF)regeneration using non-thermal plasma(NTP)technology assisted by exhaust waste heat was conducted and regeneration experiments of DPFs with different amounts of trapped particulate matter(PM)were conducted.The concentrations of the PM decomposition products(CO,)and the internal temperature of the DPF were monitored to determine the performance of DPF regeneration and thermal safety of the NTP technology.The results showed that the concentrations of CO and CO2and the mass of P.V1 decomposition increased with the increase in the amount of captured PM,whereas the concentration of the NTP active substance(O,)escaping from the DPF decreased under the same working conditions of the NTP injection system.A higher amount of captured PM promoted the oxidative decomposition reaction between NTP and PM and improved the utilization rate of the NTP active substances.The peak temperature at the same measuring point inside the DPF generally increased and the phases of the peak temperature were delayed as the amount of captured PM increased.The temperature peaks and temperature gradients during the DPF regeneration process were far lower than llie failure limit value,which indicates that NTP regeneration technology has good thermal durability and increases the service life of the DPF.
文摘BACKGROUND Perforated gastric cancer(GC)is a rare but life-threatening surgical emergency.Optimal surgical management remains controversial,and evidence from highvolume centers,especially in Western countries,is limited.AIM To evaluate surgical and survival outcomes of patients with perforated GC(PGC)according to the initial treatment strategy.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted including all patients with pathologically confirmed perforated gastric adenocarcinoma treated at a single tertiary cancer center between January 2009 and March 2024.Surgical strategies were categorized as gastrectomy or primary perforation repair.Outcomes analyzed included 30-and 90-day mortality,postoperative major complications,and overall survival(OS).RESULTS Among 1586 GC patients undergoing surgical treatment,36(2.3%)presented with PGC.The mean age was 62.5 years,and 55%were male.American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)class III/IV was present in 58.3%,and 83%had stage IV disease,with distant metastasis in 50%.Perforation repair was performed in 26 patients(72.2%),while 10(27.8%)underwent one-stage gastrectomy.ASA III/IV status(57.7%vs 30%,P=0.260)and metastatic disease(57.7%vs 30%,P=0.137)were more frequent in the Perforation Repair Group,though not statistically significant.This group also had a higher rate of diffuse-type and poorly differentiated tumors(P=0.024 and P=0.014,respectively).Thirty-and 90-day mortality were higher in the Perforation Repair Group(61.5%vs 30%,P=0.139;and 65.4%vs 30%,P=0.073),without significance.Three patients initially repaired were later referred for gastrectomy.OS was significantly better in the Gastrectomy Group(P=0.002),with median survival of 8.8 months vs 0.5 months.On multivariable analysis,gastrectomy was independently associated with improved survival(P=0.026).CONCLUSION When clinically feasible,gastrectomy—either immediate or delayed—provides superior survival compared to local perforation repair alone in patients with PGC.
文摘Fine particulate matter(particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5μm or less;PM2.5)causes millions of premature deaths globally1,but not all particles are equally harmful2-4.Current air-pollution control strategies,prioritizing PM2.5 mass reduction,have provided considerable health benefits but further refinements based on differences in the toxicity of various emission sources may provide greater benefits5-7.Here we integrated field measurements with air-quality modelling to assess the unequal toxicities of PM2.5 from various anthropogenic sources.
文摘A hydrodynamic model is used to study Kelvin-Helmholtz(KH)instability of the interface between two particle-laden inviscid fluids moving with two different uniform mean velocities.Explicit eigen-equation is derived to study the effect of suspended particles on the growth rate of KH instability.For dusty gases with negligible volume fraction of heavy particles and small particle-to-fluid mass ratio,the real and imaginary parts of leading-order asymptotic expression derived by the present model for the growth rate are shown to be identical to the earlier results derived by the classical Saffman model established for dusty gases.Beyond the known results,explicit leading-order asymptotic expressions for the effect of suspended particles on the growth rate are derived for several typical cases of basic interest.It is shown that the suspended particles can decrease or increase the growth rate of KH instability depending on the Stokes numbers of the particles and whether the particles are heavier or lighter than the clean fluid.Compared to the mass density of the clean fluid,our results based on leading-order asymptotic solutions show that heavier particles and lighter particles have opposite effects on the growth rate of KH instability,while the effect of neutrally buoyant particles on the growth rate of KH instability is negligible.
基金Supported by Jiaxing Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2024AD30035.
文摘BACKGROUND Pediatric perforated appendicitis(PPA)is a severe acute condition requiring surgical intervention and postoperative antibiotic therapy.Antibiotic selection differs significantly among pediatric centers,and an ideal postoperative antiinfective approach for PPA management has yet to be established.AIM To examine the spectrum of pathogenic bacteria in pediatric PPA and to summarize the postoperative experience with carbapenem(CBP)and cephalosporin(CPS)antibiotics.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed medical records of 65 children(43 boys,22 girls;mean age 6.92±3.41 years)with PPA who underwent surgery at our hospital between December 2019 and August 2022.Data were collected in September 2023.Based on postoperative antibiotic selection,patients were divided into CBP(32 cases)and CPS(33 cases)groups.Chi-square and T-tests compared recovery outcomes,while univariate and multivariate regression models identified independent factors affecting postoperative recovery.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender,age,weight,height,body mass index,baseline ear temperature,or heart rate(P>0.05).Escherichia coli(40.00%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(24.62%)were the most common pathogens in PPA.Postoperative analysis showed significantly shorter C-reactive protein(CRP)recovery times in the CPS group than in the CBP group[(6.18±1.84)vs(8.12±3.48)days,P=0.009].Univariate logistic regression indicated CPS selection(OR=0.32,95%CI:0.10-0.97,P=0.044)was significantly associated with a higher CRP recovery rate within 7 days.Multivariate analysis confirmed CPS selection(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.19-10.24,P=0.023)as an independent factor affecting CRP recovery within 7 days postoperatively.CONCLUSION The choice of CBP or CPS independently affects CRP recovery within 7 days.CBP offers no advantage over CPS in treating PPA,with CPS also demonstrating favorable clinical outcomes.
基金supported by the KIST Institutional Program(No.2E31700-22-P005)the KRIBB Research Initiative Program(No.KGM5322422)+1 种基金the Technology Innovation Program(No.20008826)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.2022R1A2C1091865)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT,Republic of Korea)。
文摘The risk of exposure to particulate matter(PM)has been consistently highlighted globally owing to its detrimental effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and in the development of lung cancer.Additionally,PM promotes cancer cell metastasis;however,research elucidating the precise mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the strategies to inhibit it remains limited.The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying PM-induced cancer metastasis and investigate the preventive role of ginsenoside Rg3.We treated macrophages with PM and confirmed an increase in the expression and secretion of chemokines,such as CCL3,CCL4,and CCL5.This effect was mediated by the MAPK and NF-kB pathways,and Rg3 inhibited this process by suppressing chemokine expression.These chemokines regulate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers in cancer cells,including Snail,Slug,ZEB1,and E-cadherin.The regulated EMT markers increased the motility of cancer cells in vitro.Furthermore,an increase in CCL3,CCL4,and CCL5 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)was confirmed in a PM inhalation mouse model,and Rg3 reduced PM-induced cancer metastasis.The study findings suggest the potential use of Rg3 as a therapeutic agent to prevent PM-induced cancer metastasis.
文摘BACKGROUND Complications occur in approximately 12%of cases of diverticulitis,with perforation occurring in up to 10%of complications.Typically,patient with perforated diverticulitis present intraperitoneally with abdominal pain and peritoneal signs.By contrast,pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumomediastinum are rare complications and lack typical symptoms,making their diagnosis difficult and often delayed,leading to increased morbidity and mortality.CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man presented with lower abdominal pain for 3 days.On examination,his vital signs were stable,and the abdomen was soft with mild distension and left lower quadrant tenderness,but no peritoneal signs were noted.Laboratory tests indicated leukocytosis and a markedly elevated C-reactive protein level.Abdominal computed tomography(CT)revealed focal wall thickening and fat stranding near the rectosigmoid junction as well as pneumoretroperitoneum,pneumomediastinum,and minor pneumoperitoneum.Suspecting hollow organ perforation,an emergent exploratory laparotomy was performed which revealed a retroperitoneal abscess with mesocolonic necrosis,likely due to perforated sigmoid diverticulitis.The patient underwent sigmoid resection with Hartmann’s procedure and retroperitoneal drainage.Follow-up CT on postoperative day 14 confirmed resolution of the free air,and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 40 with an uneventful recovery.CONCLUSION Pneumoretroperitoneum and pneumomediastinum are rare complications of perforated diverticulitis,often with delayed diagnosis due to the absence of peritoneal signs.CT aids detection,and timely surgical intervention is crucial.
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102095,21773153)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2018YFB1502001)financial support from the program of China Scholarships Council(No.202306230242).
文摘Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic obstacles are considered as the dominant inhibition for attaining satisfactory energy-conversion efficiency.The complexity in light absorption and carrier transfer behaviors has remained to be further clearly illuminated.It is challenging to trace the fast evolution of charge carriers involved in transfer migration and interfacial reactions within a micro–nano-single-particle photocatalyst,which requires spatiotemporal high resolution.In this review,comprehensive dynamic descriptions including irradiation field,carrier separation and transfer,and interfacial reaction processes have been elucidated and discussed.The corresponding mechanisms for revealing dynamic behaviors have been explained.In addition,numerical simulation and modeling methods have been illustrated for the description of the irradiation field.Experimental measurements and spatiotemporal characterizations have been clarified for the reflection of carrier behavior and probing detection of interfacial reactions.The representative applications have been introduced according to the reported advanced research works,and the relationships between mechanistic conclusions from variable spatiotemporal measurements and photocatalytic performance results in the specific photocatalytic reactions have been concluded.This review provides a collective perspective for the full understanding and thorough evaluation of the primary dynamic processes,which would be inspired for the improvement in designing solar-driven energy-conversion systems based on nanoscale particulate photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82303169)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2021ZDLSF02-06).
文摘Objective Several epidemiological observational studies have related particulate matter(PM)exposure to Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),but many confounding factors make it difficult to draw causal links from observational studies.The objective of this study was to explore the causal association between PM_(2.5)exposure,its absorbance,and IBD.Methods We assessed the association of PM_(2.5)and PM_(2.5)absorbance with the two primary forms of IBD(Crohn’s disease[CD]and ulcerative colitis[UC])using Mendelian randomization(MR)to explore the causal relationship.We conducted two-sample MR analyses with aggregated data from the UK Biobank genome-wide association study.Single-nucleotide polymorphisms linked with PM_(2.5)concentrations or their absorbance were used as instrumental variables(IVs).We used inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analytical approach and four other standard methods as supplementary analyses for quality control.Results The results of MR demonstrated that PM_(2.5)had an adverse influence on UC risk(odds ratio[OR]=1.010;95%confidence interval[CI]=1.001–1.019,P=0.020).Meanwhile,the results of IVW showed that PM_(2.5)absorbance was also causally associated with UC(OR=1.012;95%CI=1.004–1.019,P=0.002).We observed no causal relationship between PM_(2.5),PM_(2.5)absorbance,and CD.The results of sensitivity analysis indicated the absence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy,ensuring the reliability of MR results.Conclusion Based on two-sample MR analyses,there are potential positive causal relationships between PM_(2.5),PM_(2.5)absorbance,and UC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274344)the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(Nos.2022JJ30723 and 2023JJ20068)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3042).
文摘Controlling the adhesion of potentially corrosive substances from flue gas on grate bar is crucial for extending the operational lifespan of the equipment.The adhesive behaviour and mechanism of ultrafine particulate matters(UPM)throughout the sintering process were elucidated,and measures to control adhesion on grate bars were developed.Research findings indicated that a small quantity of UPM were found on grate bar during the initial sintering stages(ignition stage and middle stageⅠandⅡ).The main compositions of UPM were FexOy-rich,CaO-rich,and aluminium silicate-rich particles.In contrast,corrosive substances like alkali metal compounds were almost absent.These UPM adhered onto grate bar primarily through inertial impaction.When moving to the final sintering stages(middle stageⅢand temperature rising stage),many UPM rich in corrosive substances like NaCl and KCl adhered to the grate bar.These UPM adhered to grate bar through thermal diffusion and vortex deposition.Solid waste water washing technology can greatly decrease the quantity of UPM(rich in NaCl and KCl)on the grate bar due to vortex deposition and thermal diffusion,and it represents a potentially promising way to control adhesion and corrosion on grate bars.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2705700)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515012355)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220530140609020)the Scientific Research Project of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission(No.WX21Q36).
文摘Objective The effects of prolonged exposure to persistently elevated atmospheric pollutants,commonly termed air pollution waves,on fertility intentions remain inadequately understood.This study aims to investigate the association between particulate matter(PM)exposure and fertility intentions.Methods In this nationwide cross-sectional study,we analyzed data from 10,747 participants(5496 females and 5251 males).PM waves were defined as periods lasting 3‒6 consecutive days during which the daily average concentrations exceeded China’s Ambient Air Quality Standards Grade II thresholds(PM2.5>75μg/m3 and PM10>150μg/m3).We employed multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between exposure to PM waves and fertility intentions.Results Significant inverse associations were detected between exposure to PM2.5 wave events(characterized by concentrations exceeding 75μg/m3 for durations of 4‒6 days,P<0.05)and PM10 wave events(defined as concentrations exceeding 150μg/m3 for 6 consecutive days,P<0.05)and fertility intentions among females.In contrast,neither the PM2.5 wave nor the PM10 wave events demonstrated statistically significant correlations with fertility intentions in males(P>0.05 for all comparisons).The potentially susceptible subgroup was identified as females aged 20–30 years.Conclusions Our results provide the first evidence that PM2.5 and PM10 waves are associated with a reduction in female fertility intentions,offering critical insights for the development of public health policies and strategies aimed at individual protection.
