Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable atte...Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the ＂cocktail-party＂ problem.展开更多
Global concerns about the safety risks associated with imported food consumption are increasing due to rapid changes in political,economic,and environmental conditions.These concerns,which are largely perceptual in na...Global concerns about the safety risks associated with imported food consumption are increasing due to rapid changes in political,economic,and environmental conditions.These concerns,which are largely perceptual in nature,reveal a gap in the existing literature on food risk awareness for two key reasons.First,while food safety awareness has been explored,food security awareness has been largely overlooked.Second,the concepts of food safety and food security are often used interchangeably,though they should be clearly distinguished and analyzed in comparison when examining imported goods.This study applies risk perception theory(RPT)by positioning food safety importance as the baseline predictor of perceived safety risk while introducing food security importance as a moderator that influences the manifestation of this perception.Using survey data from 505 respondents in South Korea,we tested this conceptual model.The findings reveal that the effect of food safety importance on perceived risk becomes weaker when food security importance is high.This suggests that under conditions of heightened concern for food availability and affordability,safety-related apprehensions tend to diminish.These insights have important implications for the design of policies that aim to balance food safety and food security within institutional and governance frameworks.展开更多
This paper discusses the relationship of two independently developed models of games with incomplete information,hierarchical hypergames and Bayesian games.It can be considered as a generalization of the previous stud...This paper discusses the relationship of two independently developed models of games with incomplete information,hierarchical hypergames and Bayesian games.It can be considered as a generalization of the previous study on the theoretical comparison of simple hypergames and Bayesian games(Sasaki and Kijima,2012) by taking into account hierarchy of perceptions,i.e.,an agent's perception about the other agents' perceptions,and so on.The authors first introduce the general way of transformation of any hierarchical hypergames into corresponding Bayesian games,which was called as the Bayesian representation of hierarchical hypergames.The authors then show that some equilibrium concepts for hierarchical hypergames can be associated with those for Bayesian games and discuss implications of the results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China (2009CB320901, 2011CB707805, 2013CB329304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31170985, 91120001, 61121002)"985" project grants from Peking University
文摘Based on the Motor Theory of speech perception, the interaction between the auditory and motor systems plays an essential role in speech perception. Since the Motor Theory was proposed, it has received remarkable attention in the field. However, each of the three hypotheses of the theory still needs further verification. In this review, we focus on how the auditory-motor anatomical and functional associations play a role in speech perception and discuss why previous studies could not reach an agreement and particularly whether the motor system involvement in speech perception is task-load dependent. Finally, we suggest that the function of the auditory-motor link is particularly useful for speech perception under adverse listening conditions and the further revised Motor Theory is a potential solution to the ＂cocktail-party＂ problem.
文摘Global concerns about the safety risks associated with imported food consumption are increasing due to rapid changes in political,economic,and environmental conditions.These concerns,which are largely perceptual in nature,reveal a gap in the existing literature on food risk awareness for two key reasons.First,while food safety awareness has been explored,food security awareness has been largely overlooked.Second,the concepts of food safety and food security are often used interchangeably,though they should be clearly distinguished and analyzed in comparison when examining imported goods.This study applies risk perception theory(RPT)by positioning food safety importance as the baseline predictor of perceived safety risk while introducing food security importance as a moderator that influences the manifestation of this perception.Using survey data from 505 respondents in South Korea,we tested this conceptual model.The findings reveal that the effect of food safety importance on perceived risk becomes weaker when food security importance is high.This suggests that under conditions of heightened concern for food availability and affordability,safety-related apprehensions tend to diminish.These insights have important implications for the design of policies that aim to balance food safety and food security within institutional and governance frameworks.
文摘This paper discusses the relationship of two independently developed models of games with incomplete information,hierarchical hypergames and Bayesian games.It can be considered as a generalization of the previous study on the theoretical comparison of simple hypergames and Bayesian games(Sasaki and Kijima,2012) by taking into account hierarchy of perceptions,i.e.,an agent's perception about the other agents' perceptions,and so on.The authors first introduce the general way of transformation of any hierarchical hypergames into corresponding Bayesian games,which was called as the Bayesian representation of hierarchical hypergames.The authors then show that some equilibrium concepts for hierarchical hypergames can be associated with those for Bayesian games and discuss implications of the results.
