This study examined the effects of feedback on perceived competence and student performance in physical education. The sample （N = 113） consisted of fifth-grade physical education students, recruited from two elemen...This study examined the effects of feedback on perceived competence and student performance in physical education. The sample （N = 113） consisted of fifth-grade physical education students, recruited from two elementary schools and randomly assigned into small groups. Participants within each group were randomly assigned to receive positive general, corrective informational, or no feedback and completed pre- and post-task questionnaires. Groups were given a lacrosse shot task presentation and then completed a lacrosse shot pre-test, practice session, and post-test, including a pre- and post-test. During the lacrosse task, teachers administered feedback treatments to participants at the rate of every other attempt for a total of six feedback statements, excluding the control group. Lacrosse experience was found to be 2.45 on a 9-point Likert-type scale, demonstrating that the sample was unfamiliar with the lacrosse skill. Three separate split plot 2× 3 analysis of variance （ANOVA） tests with repeated measures were conducted to determine whether feedback treatment type influenced participants＇ perceived competence, product performance skill, and process performance skill when considering pre- and post-task measures. The findings demonstrated that feedback appears to have a limited effect on perceived competence and performance during unfamiliar tasks in elementary school physical education.展开更多
Background: The well-rounded development of the child, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social health, may be the most efficient route to well-being and academic success. The primary goal was to investiga...Background: The well-rounded development of the child, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social health, may be the most efficient route to well-being and academic success. The primary goal was to investigate the feasibility of implementing a 12-week structured program of physical activity(PA) incorporating cognitive, social, and emotional elements in preschool. Additionally, this study, using a within-subject design,examined the acute effects of a PA session on classroom engagement and changes on perceived competence and peer acceptance from the first to the last week of the program.Methods: Twenty-seven preschoolers(mean age = 4.2 years) completed the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children before and after a twice-weekly PA program. Unobtrusive classroom observations were conducted for verbal, social, and affective engagement during the first and last week of the program, both following a structured PA session(experimental day) and on a day without PA(control day). Treatment fidelity was monitored to ensure that the intervention was delivered as designed.Results: The children exhibited longer periods of verbal and social engagement during classroom periods that followed PA sessions than on non-PA days. Children also expressed more positive affect following PA sessions during the last week of the PA program. Despite high baseline scores,perceptions of general competence increased meaningfully(η2= 0.15, p = 0.05), driven by increase in perceptions of cognitive competence(η2= 0.15,p = 0.06).Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of providing structured PA program to preschoolers. Moreover, these initial findings suggest that purposely designed, structured PA may help advance the social–emotional engagement and perceived competence of preschool children.展开更多
文摘This study examined the effects of feedback on perceived competence and student performance in physical education. The sample （N = 113） consisted of fifth-grade physical education students, recruited from two elementary schools and randomly assigned into small groups. Participants within each group were randomly assigned to receive positive general, corrective informational, or no feedback and completed pre- and post-task questionnaires. Groups were given a lacrosse shot task presentation and then completed a lacrosse shot pre-test, practice session, and post-test, including a pre- and post-test. During the lacrosse task, teachers administered feedback treatments to participants at the rate of every other attempt for a total of six feedback statements, excluding the control group. Lacrosse experience was found to be 2.45 on a 9-point Likert-type scale, demonstrating that the sample was unfamiliar with the lacrosse skill. Three separate split plot 2× 3 analysis of variance （ANOVA） tests with repeated measures were conducted to determine whether feedback treatment type influenced participants＇ perceived competence, product performance skill, and process performance skill when considering pre- and post-task measures. The findings demonstrated that feedback appears to have a limited effect on perceived competence and performance during unfamiliar tasks in elementary school physical education.
基金supported by a Team Science Seed grant from the College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University
文摘Background: The well-rounded development of the child, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social health, may be the most efficient route to well-being and academic success. The primary goal was to investigate the feasibility of implementing a 12-week structured program of physical activity(PA) incorporating cognitive, social, and emotional elements in preschool. Additionally, this study, using a within-subject design,examined the acute effects of a PA session on classroom engagement and changes on perceived competence and peer acceptance from the first to the last week of the program.Methods: Twenty-seven preschoolers(mean age = 4.2 years) completed the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children before and after a twice-weekly PA program. Unobtrusive classroom observations were conducted for verbal, social, and affective engagement during the first and last week of the program, both following a structured PA session(experimental day) and on a day without PA(control day). Treatment fidelity was monitored to ensure that the intervention was delivered as designed.Results: The children exhibited longer periods of verbal and social engagement during classroom periods that followed PA sessions than on non-PA days. Children also expressed more positive affect following PA sessions during the last week of the PA program. Despite high baseline scores,perceptions of general competence increased meaningfully(η2= 0.15, p = 0.05), driven by increase in perceptions of cognitive competence(η2= 0.15,p = 0.06).Conclusion: This study demonstrates the feasibility of providing structured PA program to preschoolers. Moreover, these initial findings suggest that purposely designed, structured PA may help advance the social–emotional engagement and perceived competence of preschool children.
