Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by...Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by climbing antibiotic resistance and intolerable side-effects of standard triple or quadruple therapies.In recent years,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),a strategy that reconstructs the gut ecosystem by introducing a healthy donor microbiome,has emerged as a novel adjunct or alternative.By competitively excluding H.pylori,reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity,modulating host immunity and secreting bacteriocins,FMT can raise eradication rates,relieve dyspeptic symptoms and lower recurrence.This review synthesizes up-to-date pre-clinical,pilot and controlled clinical data,dissects underlying mechanisms,compares delivery routes,donor screening protocols and safety profiles,and discusses regulatory,ethical and standardization hurdles that must be overcome before large-scale clinical application.展开更多
Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SD...Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.展开更多
To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor ...To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.展开更多
Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following bu...Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following burns make patients highly susceptible to wound infections,which can progress to systemic sepsis.Although burn wounds are initially sterile,they are rapidly colonized by Gram-positive bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus)within a short period,followed by colonization with Gram-negative bacteria(e.g.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa),thereby increasing therapeutic challenges.Current clinical management relies on a multidisciplinary collaborative approach,combining conventional antibiotics,emerging therapies,and comprehensive care strategies.Among these methods,early intervention,precise treatment administration,and prevention and control are critical to improving patient survival and prognosis.In recent years,drug-loaded hydrogels,as a class of wound repair materials characterized by biocompatibility,controlled drug release,and multifunctional integration,have demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of burn infections.They can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms,alleviate inflammation,and promote tissue regeneration.This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in the application of drug-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of infected burn wounds,aiming to provide a reference for their further development and clinical translation.展开更多
As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatri...As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adj...Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.展开更多
Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodst...Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.展开更多
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidec...BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches(TAA)are the two most commonly used remote approaches.No previous meta-analysis has compared postoperative infections and swallowing difficulties among the two procedures.AIM To compared the same among patients undergoing lobectomy for unilateral thyroid carcinoma/benign thyroid nodule.METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane Library from the date of the first published article up to August 2025.The term used were transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach,trans areolar thyroidectomy,scarless thyroidectomy,remote thyroidectomy,infections,postoperative,inflammation,dysphagia,and swallowing difficulties.We identified 130 studies,of them,30 full texts were screened and only six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.RESULTS Postoperative infections were not different between the two approaches,odd ratio=1.33,95%confidence interval:0.50-3.53,theχ2 was 1.92 and the P-value for overall effect of 0.57.Similarly,transient swallowing difficulty was not different between the two forms of surgery,with odd ratio=0.91,95%confidence interval:0.35-2.40;theχ2 was 1.32,and the P-value for overall effect of 0.85.CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were evident between trans-oral endoscopic Mirghani H.Infections and swallowing difficulty in scarless thyroidectomy WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 January 6,2026 Volume 14 Issue 1 thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approach regarding postoperative infection and transient swallowing difficulties.Further longer randomized trials are needed.展开更多
White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fung...White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin(including the muzzle)of hibernating bats.Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS.However,the role of G.destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking.The debate is fuelled,in part,by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction.Additionally,the recent discovery that G.destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe,where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported,has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS.展开更多
Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Henek...Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Heneka,2024).This perspective article,which draws on insights from diverse fields including neuroscience,immunology,and pathology,p rovides a critical analysis of ongoing research efforts in inflammasome biology,with specific emphasis on Nod-like receptor(NLR)and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3).展开更多
The ubiquitination of proteins,followed by their degradation via the proteasome or autophagosome,is a key mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of proteins in cells.The specificity of this process is primaril...The ubiquitination of proteins,followed by their degradation via the proteasome or autophagosome,is a key mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of proteins in cells.The specificity of this process is primarily dictated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which are classified into three main types:the really interesting new gene(RING),the RING-between-RING(RBR),and the homologous to the human papillomavirus E6 protein-associated protein(E6-AP)carboxyl terminus(HECT).Among the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the membrane-associated or membrane-proximal RING-CH(MARCH)proteins,which regulate the trafficking and levels of cellular and viral proteins,including immune receptors,innate immune response proteins,and viral glycoproteins[1].Eleven MARCH proteins,named MARCH1-11,are encoded in the human genome,and some of them(primarily MARCH8 along with MARCH1 and MARCH2)have been implicated in antiviral defense against RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus(HIV-1),influenza virus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV-2,and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)[2].展开更多
Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central ne...Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central nervous system and cause damage,leading to meningitis,encephalitis,meningoencephalitis,myelitis,or post-infectious demyelinating diseases.Although neuroinflammation initially has a protective function,chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Mechanisms such as protein aggregation and cellular disturbances are implicated with specific viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus being associated with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis,respectively.Extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites are released from activated,infected,and dying cells,acting as alarmins mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.When viruses infect central nervous system cells,adenosine triphosphate is released as an alarmin,triggering inflammatory responses.This process is mediated by purinergic receptors,divided into two families:P1,which responds to adenosine,and P2,activated by adenosine triphosphate and other nucleotides.This review highlights how specific viruses,such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1,Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,herpes simplex virus type 1,Epstein-Barr virus,dengue virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,can initiate inflammatory responses through the release of extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate,which act as critical mediators in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.A better understanding of purinergic signaling pathways in these diseases may suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation to mitigate the long-term consequences of viral infections in the central nervous system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection require chronic and personalized care to improve outcomes.Large language models(LLMs)can potentially provide medical information for patients.AIM To examine the...BACKGROUND Patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection require chronic and personalized care to improve outcomes.Large language models(LLMs)can potentially provide medical information for patients.AIM To examine the performance of three LLMs,ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,and Google Gemini,in answering HBV-related questions.METHODS LLMs’responses to HBV-related questions were independently graded by two medical professionals using a four-point accuracy scale,and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer.Each question was run three times using three LLMs.Readability was assessed via the Gunning Fog index and Flesch-Kincaid grade level.RESULTS Overall,all three LLM chatbots achieved high average accuracy scores for subjective questions(ChatGPT-3.5:3.50;ChatGPT-4.0:3.69;Google Gemini:3.53,out of a maximum score of 4).With respect to objective questions,ChatGPT-4.0 achieved an 80.8%accuracy rate,compared with 62.9%for ChatGPT-3.5 and 73.1%for Google Gemini.Across the six domains,ChatGPT-4.0 performed better in terms of diagnosis,whereas Google Gemini demonstrated excellent clinical manifestations.Notably,in the readability analysis,the mean Gunning Fog index and Flesch-Kincaid grade level scores of the three LLM chatbots were significantly higher than the standard level eight,far exceeding the reading level of the normal population.CONCLUSION Our results highlight the potential of LLMs,especially ChatGPT-4.0,for delivering responses to HBV-related questions.LLMs may be an adjunctive informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes.Nevertheless,current LLMs should not replace personalized treatment recommendations from physicians in the management of HBV infection.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)recipients are susceptible to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Comprehensive research addressing the incidence,timing,infection sites,resistance patterns,treatm...BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)recipients are susceptible to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Comprehensive research addressing the incidence,timing,infection sites,resistance patterns,treatment options,and associated risk factors among LT recipients with CRKP is now lacking.AIM To assess the incidence,resistance,therapy,and risk factors of CRKP infections post-LT,and to evaluate the impact of them on prognosis.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,including 430 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and June 2023.This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for CRKP infections and their influence on outcomes using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among the 430 patients who underwent LT,20(4.7%)experienced at least one documented CRKP infection within 3 months post-transplantation.The median time from LT to the onset of CRKP infections was 6.5 days.The lungs and bloodstream were the most common sites of CRKP infections.CRKP isolates were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam(93.7%),polymyxin B(90.6%),and tigecycline(75.0%)treatment.However,all isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,meropenem,and levofloxacin treatment.Recipients with CRKP infections had a mortality rate of 35%,the rate was 12.5%for those receiving ceftazidime/avibactam therapy.Multivariate analysis identified female sex[odds ratio(OR)=3.306;95%confidence interval(CI):1.239-8.822;P=0.017],intraoperative bleeding≥3000 mL(OR=3.269;95%CI:1.018-10.490;P=0.047),alanine aminotransferase on day 1 post-LT≥1500 U/L(OR=4.370;95%CI:1.686-11.326;P=0.002),and post-LT mechanical ventilation(OR=2.772;95%CI:1.077-7.135;P=0.035)as significant variables associated with CRKP.CRKP infections were related to an intensive care unit length(ICU)of stay≥7 days and 6-month all-cause mortality post-LT.CONCLUSION CRKP infections were frequent complications following LT,with poor associated outcomes.Risk factors for post-LT CRKP infections included female sex,significant intraoperative bleeding,elevated alanine aminotransferase levels,and the need for mechanical ventilation.CRKP infections negatively impacted survival and led to prolonged ICU stays.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections(TTIs)are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood products.In India,screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodefi...BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections(TTIs)are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood products.In India,screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-I/II,malaria,and syphilis is mandatory before blood transfusions.Worldwide,HCV,HBV,and HIV are the leading viruses causing mortality,affecting millions of people globally,including those with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV.Studies highlight the impact of TTIs on life expectancy and health risks,such as liver cirrhosis,cancer,and other diseases in individuals with chronic HBV.Globally,millions of blood donations take place annually,emphasizing the importance of maintaining blood safety.AIM To study the prevalence of TTIs,viz.,HBV,HCV,HIV I/II,syphilis,and malaria parasite(MP),among different blood donor groups.METHODS The study assessed the prevalence of TTIs among different blood donor groups in Delhi,India.Groups included total donors,in-house donors,total camp donors,institutional camp donors,and community camp donors.Tests for HIV,HBV,and HCV were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while syphilis was tested with rapid plasma reagins and MP rapid card methods.The prevalence of HBV,HCV,HIV,and syphilis,expressed as percentages.Differences in infection rates between the groups were analyzed usingχ²tests and P-values(less than 0.05).RESULTS The study evaluated TTIs among 42158 blood donors in Delhi.The overall cumulative frequency of TTIs in total blood donors was 2.071%,and the frequencies of HBV,HCV,HIV-I/II,venereal disease research laboratory,and MP were 1.048%,0.425%,0.221%,0.377%,and 0.0024%,respectively.In-house donors,representing 37656 donors,had the highest transfusion transmissible infection(TTI)prevalence at 2.167%.Among total camp donors(4502 donors),TTIs were identified in 1.266%of donors,while community camp donors(2439 donors)exhibited a prevalence of 1.558%.Institutional camp donors(2063 donors)had the lowest TTI prevalence at 0.921%.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in overall TTI prevalence,with total and in-house donors exhibiting higher rates compared to camp donors.CONCLUSION Ongoing monitoring and effective screening programs are essential for minimizing TTIs.Customizing blood safety measures for different donor groups and studying socio-economic-health factors is essential to improving blood safety.展开更多
BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a ...BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a total of 13 procedures within our medical facility,including five performed under local anesthesia and eight performed under general anesthesia.The source of the ailment was ultimately identified as Enterobacter cloacae.After the last procedure,the patient's symptoms were alleviated,and the recovery process was satisfactory.Three months post-operation,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores had improved to 100%.Imageological examination revealed a satisfactory position of internal fixation,and the abnormal signals in the vertebral body and intervertebral space had been eliminated when compared to the pre-operative results.CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the extreme lateral approach debridement combined with multiple VSD operations is a secure and successful method of treatment for recurrent spinal infection,providing an alternative to traditional surgery.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection with unclear epidemiology,pathogenesis,and characteristics.Its clinical manifestations are diverse and nonspecific,making diagnosis prone to errors,including misdia...BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection with unclear epidemiology,pathogenesis,and characteristics.Its clinical manifestations are diverse and nonspecific,making diagnosis prone to errors,including misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Additionally,this disease is difficult to treat,often requiring months or even years of antibacterial therapy,and can be fatal in patients with underlying conditions.CASE SUMMARY A 93-year-old male patient with chronic renal insufficiency sustained a skin injury at the tip of his right thumb.As a result of an initial misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment,the infection progressed,resulting in multiple rashes on his right upper limb.Local incision and drainage of pus,combined with oral antibiotics administered at a different hospital,yielded no significant improvement.Upon hospitalization,the patient’s immune function was assessed,and further local incision and drainage were performed.Cultures of the pus identified Nocardia brasiliensis.Treatment involved intravenous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam sodium and oral administration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,leading to the patient’s recovery.After discharge,the patient continued to take sulfamethoxazole tablets for 6 months,with complete healing of the skin lesions and no recurrence.CONCLUSION Nocardiosis should be considered in patients with underlying conditions and compromised immunity.Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial.展开更多
Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above.Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease(GBD)1990-2050 prediction data to analyze...Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above.Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease(GBD)1990-2050 prediction data to analyze changes in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rates for lower respiratory infections in the elderly population(aged 70 and above)in China from 1990 to 2050.It also discusses future trends in the burden of lower respiratory infections(LRI)in China under different scenarios.Results According to GBD predictions,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly aged 70 years and above in China is lower than the global average.The burden has been decreasing from 1990 to 2020,but is projected to increase from 2020 to 2050.Scenario-based predictions suggest that,under scenarios involving improvements in nutrition and vaccination,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly in China is expected to be the lowest in 2050.Conclusion This study indicates that the burden of lower respiratory infections in elderly people aged 70 years and above in China remains a significant public health issue and may worsen.The government should consider strengthening the preventive measures and management strategies for respiratory infections in the elderly population.展开更多
BACKGROUND Empathetic psychological care improves mood and enhances the quality of life in critically ill patients.AIM To study the impact of combining 222-nm ultraviolet(UV)disinfection with empathetic psychological ...BACKGROUND Empathetic psychological care improves mood and enhances the quality of life in critically ill patients.AIM To study the impact of combining 222-nm ultraviolet(UV)disinfection with empathetic psychological care on emotional states,nosocomial infection rates,and quality of life in critically ill patients.METHODS A total of 202 critically ill patients admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital(December 2023 to May 2024)were randomly assigned to control(Ctrl,n=101)or observation groups(Obs,n=101).The Ctrl group received 222-nm UV disinfection and routine care,while the Obs group received 222-nm UV disinfection with empathetic psychological care.Emotional states[Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)],hospital infection rates,quality of life(36-Item Short Form Health Survey),and patient satisfaction were evaluated.RESULTS At baseline,there were no significant differences in SAS and SDS scores between the groups(P>0.05).Following care,both groups demonstrated reductions in SAS and SDS scores,with the Obs group exhibiting a significantly greater reduction(P<0.05).The Obs group also experienced a significantly lower overall hospital infection rate(P<0.05).Similarly,while baseline 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05),post-care scores improved in both groups,with a greater improvement observed in the Obs group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Obs group reported higher patient satisfaction ratings(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of 222-nm UV disinfection and empathetic psychological care improves emotional states,reduces hospital infection rates,enhances the quality of life,and increases patient satisfaction among critically ill patients.展开更多
基金the 2026 Health Commission Fund of Guizhou Province,China.the freestatistics suite for its technical support.
文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection remains a pivotal driver of chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer,gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer,yet its eradication is increasingly frustrated by climbing antibiotic resistance and intolerable side-effects of standard triple or quadruple therapies.In recent years,fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT),a strategy that reconstructs the gut ecosystem by introducing a healthy donor microbiome,has emerged as a novel adjunct or alternative.By competitively excluding H.pylori,reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity,modulating host immunity and secreting bacteriocins,FMT can raise eradication rates,relieve dyspeptic symptoms and lower recurrence.This review synthesizes up-to-date pre-clinical,pilot and controlled clinical data,dissects underlying mechanisms,compares delivery routes,donor screening protocols and safety profiles,and discusses regulatory,ethical and standardization hurdles that must be overcome before large-scale clinical application.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(X2025102911746,X2025102910483).
文摘Natural product(NPT)derived from traditional Chinese medicine has a rich history as an integral part of Chinese healthcare for thousands of years.Recently,the application of NPT in sonodynamic antibacterial therapy(SDAT)has emerged as a promising area of research.This perspective summarizes the recent NPT-based sonosensitizers in SDAT.Currently,common NPT-based sonosensitizers include curcumin,chlorophyll derivatives,hypericin,and berberine.Compared with other sonosensitizers,natural sources of NPT-based sonosensitizers with reactive oxide species production performance under ultrasound conditions,low biotoxicity,and other additional biological activity make them have application prospects in bacterial removal.Finally,the potential benefits and challenges of NPT-based nanosonosensitizers were also discussed.
文摘To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2025GXNSFHA069111,2020GXNSFAA159033,2019GXNSFAA245078)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410601054).
文摘Burn infection is one of the most common and severe complications in burn patients and a major factor contributing to high mortality rates.The loss of skin barrier function and the immunosuppressive state following burns make patients highly susceptible to wound infections,which can progress to systemic sepsis.Although burn wounds are initially sterile,they are rapidly colonized by Gram-positive bacteria(e.g.,Staphylococcus aureus)within a short period,followed by colonization with Gram-negative bacteria(e.g.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa),thereby increasing therapeutic challenges.Current clinical management relies on a multidisciplinary collaborative approach,combining conventional antibiotics,emerging therapies,and comprehensive care strategies.Among these methods,early intervention,precise treatment administration,and prevention and control are critical to improving patient survival and prognosis.In recent years,drug-loaded hydrogels,as a class of wound repair materials characterized by biocompatibility,controlled drug release,and multifunctional integration,have demonstrated significant advantages in the treatment of burn infections.They can effectively inhibit pathogenic microorganisms,alleviate inflammation,and promote tissue regeneration.This review systematically summarizes recent research advances in the application of drug-loaded hydrogels for the treatment of infected burn wounds,aiming to provide a reference for their further development and clinical translation.
文摘As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the global,regional,and national burden and determinants of Acute Respiratory Infections(ARIs)among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021.Methods:We analysed ARI mortality and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs),stratified by age,sex,and economic development level based on data retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Decomposition and frontier analyses were employed to identify key drivers of burden variation and visualize potential reductions based on development levels.Results:Between 1990 and 2021,the global burden of ARIs showed a significant decline in both achievable age-standardized DALYs rate and age-standardized mortality rates(EAPC=-3.87 and-3.81,respectively).Different age groups and sex witnessed different levels of ARI burden,males experienced heavier burden than females and the 0-4 years-old group experienced heavier burden than other study age groups.Most of the 204 countries and territories experienced a downward trend of ARI burden,with slight increases observed only in Lesotho and Dominica.A negative correlation was found between the Socio-demographic Index and ARI burden.Decomposition analysis indicated that the significant decreases in deaths and DALYs were primarily driven by epidemiological changes.Conclusions:The global burden of ARIs among children and adolescents has declined over the past three decades,but substantial regional disparities persist.Targeted public health strategies are needed to address the continued ARI burden in high-risk regions and vulnerable age groups.
基金supported by the Foundation for Science and Technology(FCT)under the project CDRSP funding(DOI:10.54499/UID/04044/2025 and ARISE funding(DOI:1054499/LA/P/0112/2020)the grant awarded to TP(10.54499/2020.09198.BD)+3 种基金the funding to JRD(10.54499/CEECINST/00060/2021/CP2902/CT0005)supported by INOV.AM-Inovação em Fabricação Aditiva,02-C05-i01.01-2022Nanofilm(CENTRO 2030-FEDER-01469100)Open access funding provided by FCT|FCCN (b-on).
文摘Central venous catheters(CVCs),which play a vital role in medical care and are widely utilized in intensive care units,are h ighly susceptible to microbial colonization,thus leading to serious catheter-related bloodstream infections and greatly increasing morbidity,mortality,and healthcare costs,accounting for 12%-25%of annual mortality in the USA.The corre sponding preventive measures include the use of antibiotic and antiseptic coatings,impregnated catheters,and maximally sterile barrier techniques,but they are often ineffective,particularly against biofilm formation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.This review focuses on strategies for fabricating antimicrobial CVCs,e.g.,the use of antifouling materials,antimicrobial nanoparti cles(NPs),and surface functionalization,covering both commercially available solutions and those investigated.Additionally,w e explore the materials and processing technologies used to fabricate antimicrobial CVCs,emphasizing their advantages and challenges in industrial and clinical applications.Finally,we discuss the potential of inorganic NPs and the origin of their antimicrobial activity,providing insights for future advances in infection prevention that will help improve the patients’life quality.
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
文摘BACKGROUND Due to the increasing rate of thyroid nodules diagnosis,and the desire to avoid the unsightly cervical scar,remote thyroidectomies were invented and are increasingly performed.Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approaches(TAA)are the two most commonly used remote approaches.No previous meta-analysis has compared postoperative infections and swallowing difficulties among the two procedures.AIM To compared the same among patients undergoing lobectomy for unilateral thyroid carcinoma/benign thyroid nodule.METHODS We searched PubMed MEDLINE,Google Scholar,and Cochrane Library from the date of the first published article up to August 2025.The term used were transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach,trans areolar thyroidectomy,scarless thyroidectomy,remote thyroidectomy,infections,postoperative,inflammation,dysphagia,and swallowing difficulties.We identified 130 studies,of them,30 full texts were screened and only six studies were included in the final meta-analysis.RESULTS Postoperative infections were not different between the two approaches,odd ratio=1.33,95%confidence interval:0.50-3.53,theχ2 was 1.92 and the P-value for overall effect of 0.57.Similarly,transient swallowing difficulty was not different between the two forms of surgery,with odd ratio=0.91,95%confidence interval:0.35-2.40;theχ2 was 1.32,and the P-value for overall effect of 0.85.CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were evident between trans-oral endoscopic Mirghani H.Infections and swallowing difficulty in scarless thyroidectomy WJCC https://www.wjgnet.com 2 January 6,2026 Volume 14 Issue 1 thyroidectomy vestibular approach and trans-areolar approach regarding postoperative infection and transient swallowing difficulties.Further longer randomized trials are needed.
文摘White-nose syndrome(WNS)has caused recent catastrophic declines among multiple species of bats in eastern North America.The disease's name derives from a visually apparent white growth of the newly discovered fungus Geomyces destructans on the skin(including the muzzle)of hibernating bats.Colonization of skin by this fungus is associated with characteristic cutaneous lesions that are the only consistent pathological finding related to WNS.However,the role of G.destructans in WNS remains controversial because evidence to implicate the fungus as the primary cause of this disease is lacking.The debate is fuelled,in part,by the assumption that fungal infections in mammals are most commonly associated with immune system dysfunction.Additionally,the recent discovery that G.destructans commonly colonizes the skin of bats of Europe,where no unusual bat mortality events have been reported,has generated further speculation that the fungus is an opportunistic pathogen and that other unidentified factors are the primary cause of WNS.
基金supported by Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium-TARCC 2022-26,The National Football League Players Association-NFLPA,NIH/NIA Grant 1R01 AG072491 to TB and FDP.
文摘Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the progression of various diseases,ranging from immune-related conditions such as sepsis to neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)(Ravichandran and Heneka,2024).This perspective article,which draws on insights from diverse fields including neuroscience,immunology,and pathology,p rovides a critical analysis of ongoing research efforts in inflammasome biology,with specific emphasis on Nod-like receptor(NLR)and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3).
基金partly supported by the United States National Institutes of Health(P20 GM134974 to RKJ).
文摘The ubiquitination of proteins,followed by their degradation via the proteasome or autophagosome,is a key mechanism for the posttranslational regulation of proteins in cells.The specificity of this process is primarily dictated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases,which are classified into three main types:the really interesting new gene(RING),the RING-between-RING(RBR),and the homologous to the human papillomavirus E6 protein-associated protein(E6-AP)carboxyl terminus(HECT).Among the RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the membrane-associated or membrane-proximal RING-CH(MARCH)proteins,which regulate the trafficking and levels of cellular and viral proteins,including immune receptors,innate immune response proteins,and viral glycoproteins[1].Eleven MARCH proteins,named MARCH1-11,are encoded in the human genome,and some of them(primarily MARCH8 along with MARCH1 and MARCH2)have been implicated in antiviral defense against RNA viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus(HIV-1),influenza virus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV-2,and respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)[2].
基金supported by funds from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Brasil(CNPq)(312286/2023-6,307201/2023-6,and Instituto Nacional Saude Cerebral INSC,No.406020/2022-1)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior(CAPES)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-FAPERJ(E-26/010.002260/2019,E-26/010.001652/2019,E-26/010.101036/2018,E-26/202.774/2018,E-26/210.240/2020,E-26/211.138/2021,26/210.823/2021,E-26/211.325/2021,E-26/210.779/2021,E-26/201.086/2022,E-26/210.312/2022,E-26/203.262/2023,E-26/200.195/2023)(to LEBS)。
文摘Recent increases in infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system have raised concerns about their role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Viral pathogens or their products can invade the central nervous system and cause damage,leading to meningitis,encephalitis,meningoencephalitis,myelitis,or post-infectious demyelinating diseases.Although neuroinflammation initially has a protective function,chronic inflammation can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Mechanisms such as protein aggregation and cellular disturbances are implicated with specific viruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and Epstein-Barr virus being associated with Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis,respectively.Extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites are released from activated,infected,and dying cells,acting as alarmins mediating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.When viruses infect central nervous system cells,adenosine triphosphate is released as an alarmin,triggering inflammatory responses.This process is mediated by purinergic receptors,divided into two families:P1,which responds to adenosine,and P2,activated by adenosine triphosphate and other nucleotides.This review highlights how specific viruses,such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1,Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus,herpes simplex virus type 1,Epstein-Barr virus,dengue virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,can initiate inflammatory responses through the release of extracellular nucleotides,particularly adenosine triphosphate,which act as critical mediators in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders.A better understanding of purinergic signaling pathways in these diseases may suggest new potential therapeutic strategies for targeting neuroinflammation to mitigate the long-term consequences of viral infections in the central nervous system.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82260133the Key Laboratory Project of Digestive Diseases in Jiangxi Province,No.2024SSY06101Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Gastroenterology,No.20223BCG74011.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection require chronic and personalized care to improve outcomes.Large language models(LLMs)can potentially provide medical information for patients.AIM To examine the performance of three LLMs,ChatGPT-3.5,ChatGPT-4.0,and Google Gemini,in answering HBV-related questions.METHODS LLMs’responses to HBV-related questions were independently graded by two medical professionals using a four-point accuracy scale,and disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer.Each question was run three times using three LLMs.Readability was assessed via the Gunning Fog index and Flesch-Kincaid grade level.RESULTS Overall,all three LLM chatbots achieved high average accuracy scores for subjective questions(ChatGPT-3.5:3.50;ChatGPT-4.0:3.69;Google Gemini:3.53,out of a maximum score of 4).With respect to objective questions,ChatGPT-4.0 achieved an 80.8%accuracy rate,compared with 62.9%for ChatGPT-3.5 and 73.1%for Google Gemini.Across the six domains,ChatGPT-4.0 performed better in terms of diagnosis,whereas Google Gemini demonstrated excellent clinical manifestations.Notably,in the readability analysis,the mean Gunning Fog index and Flesch-Kincaid grade level scores of the three LLM chatbots were significantly higher than the standard level eight,far exceeding the reading level of the normal population.CONCLUSION Our results highlight the potential of LLMs,especially ChatGPT-4.0,for delivering responses to HBV-related questions.LLMs may be an adjunctive informational tool for patients and physicians to improve outcomes.Nevertheless,current LLMs should not replace personalized treatment recommendations from physicians in the management of HBV infection.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)recipients are susceptible to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Comprehensive research addressing the incidence,timing,infection sites,resistance patterns,treatment options,and associated risk factors among LT recipients with CRKP is now lacking.AIM To assess the incidence,resistance,therapy,and risk factors of CRKP infections post-LT,and to evaluate the impact of them on prognosis.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,including 430 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and June 2023.This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for CRKP infections and their influence on outcomes using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among the 430 patients who underwent LT,20(4.7%)experienced at least one documented CRKP infection within 3 months post-transplantation.The median time from LT to the onset of CRKP infections was 6.5 days.The lungs and bloodstream were the most common sites of CRKP infections.CRKP isolates were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam(93.7%),polymyxin B(90.6%),and tigecycline(75.0%)treatment.However,all isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,meropenem,and levofloxacin treatment.Recipients with CRKP infections had a mortality rate of 35%,the rate was 12.5%for those receiving ceftazidime/avibactam therapy.Multivariate analysis identified female sex[odds ratio(OR)=3.306;95%confidence interval(CI):1.239-8.822;P=0.017],intraoperative bleeding≥3000 mL(OR=3.269;95%CI:1.018-10.490;P=0.047),alanine aminotransferase on day 1 post-LT≥1500 U/L(OR=4.370;95%CI:1.686-11.326;P=0.002),and post-LT mechanical ventilation(OR=2.772;95%CI:1.077-7.135;P=0.035)as significant variables associated with CRKP.CRKP infections were related to an intensive care unit length(ICU)of stay≥7 days and 6-month all-cause mortality post-LT.CONCLUSION CRKP infections were frequent complications following LT,with poor associated outcomes.Risk factors for post-LT CRKP infections included female sex,significant intraoperative bleeding,elevated alanine aminotransferase levels,and the need for mechanical ventilation.CRKP infections negatively impacted survival and led to prolonged ICU stays.
文摘BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections(TTIs)are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood products.In India,screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-I/II,malaria,and syphilis is mandatory before blood transfusions.Worldwide,HCV,HBV,and HIV are the leading viruses causing mortality,affecting millions of people globally,including those with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV.Studies highlight the impact of TTIs on life expectancy and health risks,such as liver cirrhosis,cancer,and other diseases in individuals with chronic HBV.Globally,millions of blood donations take place annually,emphasizing the importance of maintaining blood safety.AIM To study the prevalence of TTIs,viz.,HBV,HCV,HIV I/II,syphilis,and malaria parasite(MP),among different blood donor groups.METHODS The study assessed the prevalence of TTIs among different blood donor groups in Delhi,India.Groups included total donors,in-house donors,total camp donors,institutional camp donors,and community camp donors.Tests for HIV,HBV,and HCV were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while syphilis was tested with rapid plasma reagins and MP rapid card methods.The prevalence of HBV,HCV,HIV,and syphilis,expressed as percentages.Differences in infection rates between the groups were analyzed usingχ²tests and P-values(less than 0.05).RESULTS The study evaluated TTIs among 42158 blood donors in Delhi.The overall cumulative frequency of TTIs in total blood donors was 2.071%,and the frequencies of HBV,HCV,HIV-I/II,venereal disease research laboratory,and MP were 1.048%,0.425%,0.221%,0.377%,and 0.0024%,respectively.In-house donors,representing 37656 donors,had the highest transfusion transmissible infection(TTI)prevalence at 2.167%.Among total camp donors(4502 donors),TTIs were identified in 1.266%of donors,while community camp donors(2439 donors)exhibited a prevalence of 1.558%.Institutional camp donors(2063 donors)had the lowest TTI prevalence at 0.921%.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in overall TTI prevalence,with total and in-house donors exhibiting higher rates compared to camp donors.CONCLUSION Ongoing monitoring and effective screening programs are essential for minimizing TTIs.Customizing blood safety measures for different donor groups and studying socio-economic-health factors is essential to improving blood safety.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MH331.
文摘BACKGROUND A case study of multiple distinct levels of skipped thoracolumbar spine infection was reported in which 13 successful vacuum sealing drainage(VSD)surgeries were treated.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent a total of 13 procedures within our medical facility,including five performed under local anesthesia and eight performed under general anesthesia.The source of the ailment was ultimately identified as Enterobacter cloacae.After the last procedure,the patient's symptoms were alleviated,and the recovery process was satisfactory.Three months post-operation,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores had improved to 100%.Imageological examination revealed a satisfactory position of internal fixation,and the abnormal signals in the vertebral body and intervertebral space had been eliminated when compared to the pre-operative results.CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that the extreme lateral approach debridement combined with multiple VSD operations is a secure and successful method of treatment for recurrent spinal infection,providing an alternative to traditional surgery.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Program,No.2023ZF075.
文摘BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is a rare bacterial infection with unclear epidemiology,pathogenesis,and characteristics.Its clinical manifestations are diverse and nonspecific,making diagnosis prone to errors,including misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Additionally,this disease is difficult to treat,often requiring months or even years of antibacterial therapy,and can be fatal in patients with underlying conditions.CASE SUMMARY A 93-year-old male patient with chronic renal insufficiency sustained a skin injury at the tip of his right thumb.As a result of an initial misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment,the infection progressed,resulting in multiple rashes on his right upper limb.Local incision and drainage of pus,combined with oral antibiotics administered at a different hospital,yielded no significant improvement.Upon hospitalization,the patient’s immune function was assessed,and further local incision and drainage were performed.Cultures of the pus identified Nocardia brasiliensis.Treatment involved intravenous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam sodium and oral administration of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,leading to the patient’s recovery.After discharge,the patient continued to take sulfamethoxazole tablets for 6 months,with complete healing of the skin lesions and no recurrence.CONCLUSION Nocardiosis should be considered in patients with underlying conditions and compromised immunity.Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(No.BJ-2023-066).
文摘Objective This study aims to analyze the burden of lower respiratory infections in Chinese elderly people aged 70 and above.Methods This study utilized Global Burden of Disease(GBD)1990-2050 prediction data to analyze changes in mortality rates and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)rates for lower respiratory infections in the elderly population(aged 70 and above)in China from 1990 to 2050.It also discusses future trends in the burden of lower respiratory infections(LRI)in China under different scenarios.Results According to GBD predictions,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly aged 70 years and above in China is lower than the global average.The burden has been decreasing from 1990 to 2020,but is projected to increase from 2020 to 2050.Scenario-based predictions suggest that,under scenarios involving improvements in nutrition and vaccination,the burden of lower respiratory infections in the elderly in China is expected to be the lowest in 2050.Conclusion This study indicates that the burden of lower respiratory infections in elderly people aged 70 years and above in China remains a significant public health issue and may worsen.The government should consider strengthening the preventive measures and management strategies for respiratory infections in the elderly population.
基金Supported by Beijing Ditan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University“Sailing Plan”,No.DTQH-202405.
文摘BACKGROUND Empathetic psychological care improves mood and enhances the quality of life in critically ill patients.AIM To study the impact of combining 222-nm ultraviolet(UV)disinfection with empathetic psychological care on emotional states,nosocomial infection rates,and quality of life in critically ill patients.METHODS A total of 202 critically ill patients admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital(December 2023 to May 2024)were randomly assigned to control(Ctrl,n=101)or observation groups(Obs,n=101).The Ctrl group received 222-nm UV disinfection and routine care,while the Obs group received 222-nm UV disinfection with empathetic psychological care.Emotional states[Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)],hospital infection rates,quality of life(36-Item Short Form Health Survey),and patient satisfaction were evaluated.RESULTS At baseline,there were no significant differences in SAS and SDS scores between the groups(P>0.05).Following care,both groups demonstrated reductions in SAS and SDS scores,with the Obs group exhibiting a significantly greater reduction(P<0.05).The Obs group also experienced a significantly lower overall hospital infection rate(P<0.05).Similarly,while baseline 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores did not differ significantly between the groups(P>0.05),post-care scores improved in both groups,with a greater improvement observed in the Obs group(P<0.05).Additionally,the Obs group reported higher patient satisfaction ratings(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of 222-nm UV disinfection and empathetic psychological care improves emotional states,reduces hospital infection rates,enhances the quality of life,and increases patient satisfaction among critically ill patients.
