Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)can induce a range of adverse health effects,with the precise molecularmechanisms remaining elusive.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated their potential to elucidate un...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)can induce a range of adverse health effects,with the precise molecularmechanisms remaining elusive.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated their potential to elucidate unknown molecular mechanisms.Building upon the close alignment of their biological functions with the observed health effects of PFASs,this study innovatively focuses on proteomic insights from EVs into the molecular mechanisms underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs.Through rat exposure experiments and proteomics technology,it not only demonstrated the occurrence of PFASs in EVs but also revealed the alterations in the serum EVs and the expression of their protein cargos following mixed exposure to PFASs,leading to changes in related pathways.These changes encompass various biological processes,including proteasome activity,immune response,cytoskeletal organization,oxidative stress,cell signaling,and nervous system function.Particularly noteworthy is the uncovering of the activation of the proteasome pathway,highlighting significant key contributing proteins.These novel findings provide a new perspective for exploring the molecularmechanism underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs and offer reliable screening for potential biomarkers.Additionally,comparisons with serum confirmed the potential of serum EVs as biological responders and measurable endpoints for evaluating PFASs-induced toxicity.展开更多
Reclaimed water for irrigation or hydroponic cultivation provides exposure pathways for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)to enter the human food chain.This study employed hydroponic methods to investigate the b...Reclaimed water for irrigation or hydroponic cultivation provides exposure pathways for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)to enter the human food chain.This study employed hydroponic methods to investigate the behavior of legacy PFAS and emerging chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)in lettuce grown under environment-related exposure levels and assessed the human exposure risks from consuming contaminated lettuce.Overall,PFAS in lettuce were concentration-dependent,with long-chain PFAS tending to accumulate in roots and short-chain PFAS accumulating more in shoots.The enrichment of PFAS in lettuce was jointly influenced by their chain length and polar functional groups.Specifically,the root concentration factors(RCFs)of PFAS generally increased with increasing chain length,and RCF values of most perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids(PFSAs)were significantly higher than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)with the same chain length(p<0.01),while the translocation factors(TFs)exhibited opposite trends.RCF values of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its alternatives,Cl-PFESAs,were ranked as follows:8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:139)>6:2 Cl-PFESA(28.6)>PFOS(25.7),which was attributed to the increased molecular size and hydrophobicity resulting from the insertion of ether bonds and additional CF2 in 8:2 Cl-PFESA.Notably,TF value of 8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:0.007)was the smallest among all PFAS,indicating 8:2 Cl-PFESA was difficult to transfer to nutritional compartments.Adults and children would exceed the most conservative health-based reference dose(RfD)by consuming approximately 15.9–148 g and 7.92–74.0 g of contaminated lettuce per day,implying high health risks.展开更多
Although per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been frequently linked to cardiovascular and renal disease separately,evidence remains scarce regarding their systematic effect.Therefore,we recruited 546 newly di...Although per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been frequently linked to cardiovascular and renal disease separately,evidence remains scarce regarding their systematic effect.Therefore,we recruited 546 newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients and detected seven myocardial enzymes and six kidney function biomarkers.Twelve PFASwere also assessedwith ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model were applied to single pollutant analysis.Quantile g-computation was used for mixture analysis.Network model was utilized to identify central and bridge nodes of pollutants and phenotypes.In the present study,perfluorohexane sulfonic acid was positively associated with uric acid(UA)(β=0.04,95%confidence interval(CI):0.01,0.07),and perfluorobutanoic acid was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate(β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07,-0.01)but positively associated with UA(β=0.03,95%CI:0.01,0.06).In mixture analysis,each quantile increase in the PFAS mixture was significantly associated with UA(β=0.08,95%CI:0.04,0.11).Network analysis revealed that perfluorooctanoate,UA,and myoglobin were denoted as bridge nodes,and the first principal component of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-myocardial band was identified as the node with the highest strength and expected influence.This study investigates the systematic impact of PFAS exposure through cardiorenal interaction network,which highlights that PFAS may serve as an upstream approach in UA-modulated cardiorenal network to affect cardiorenal system comprehensively.展开更多
Previous studies have suggested that abnormal hepatobiliary system function may contribute to poor prognosis in patientswith acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and that abnormal hepatobiliary system function may be associate...Previous studies have suggested that abnormal hepatobiliary system function may contribute to poor prognosis in patientswith acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and that abnormal hepatobiliary system function may be associated with per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)exposure.However,there is limited evidence for this association in cardiovascular subpopulations,particularly in the ACS patients.Therefore,we performed this study to evaluate the association between plasma PFAS exposure and hepatobiliary system function biomarkers in patients with ACS.This study included 546 newly diagnosed ACS patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University,and data on 15 hepatobiliary system function biomarkers were obtained from medical records.Associations between single PFAS and hepatobiliary system function biomarkers were assessed using multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic spline model(RCS),and mixture effects were assessed using the Quantile g-computation model.The results showed that total bile acids(TBA)was negative associated with perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)(-7.69%,95%CI:-12.15%,-3.01%).According to the RCS model,linear associations were found between TBA and PFHxS(P for overall=0.003,P for non-linear=0.234).We also have observed the association between between PFAS congeners and liver enzyme such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and α-l-Fucosidase(AFU),but it was not statistically significant after correction.In addition,Our results also revealed an association between prealbumin(PA)and PFAS congeners as well as mixtures.Our findings have provided a piece of epidemiological evidence on associations between PFAS congeners or mixture,and serum hepatobiliary system function biomarkers in ACS patients,which could be a basis for subsequent mechanism studies.展开更多
Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with li...Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases,with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample(26.7 ng/mL),followed by blood(10.7 ng/mL)and urine(5.02 ng/mL).Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients compared to non-HCC patients,with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples.Besides,significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age,gender,body mass index(BMI),and liver function biomarkers levels.For example,PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females;Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI,while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)concentrations are negatively correlated with age.In addition,multiple regression models adjusted for age,gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS),perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid(PFHpS)and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid(PFHxPA)conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(p<0.05).Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.展开更多
Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019.In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per-and p...Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019.In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) in raw materials and fluoropolymer products from the Chinese fluoropolymer industries are reported for the first time.The PFOA concentrations in raw materials and fluoropolymer products were in the range of 6.7 to 1.1 × 10^(6) ng/g, and <MDL(method detection limit) to 5.3 × 10^(3) ng/g,respectively.Generally, the levels of PFOA in raw materials were higher than in products,implying that PFOA in the emulsion/dispersion resin could be partly removed during the polymerization or post-processing steps.By tracking a company’s polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) production line, it was found that over a 5 year period, the residual levels of PFOA in emulsion samples declined from 1.1 × 10^(6) to 28.4 ng/g, indicating that the contamination of PFOA in fluoropolymer products from production source gradually decreased after its use had been discontinued.High concentrations of HFPO-TrA(2.7 × 10^(5) to 8.2 × 10^(5) ng/g) were detected in some emulsion samples indicating this alternative has been widely applied in fluoropolymer manufacturing in China.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,47 surface sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetland(YRDW)to investigate the occurrence...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,47 surface sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetland(YRDW)to investigate the occurrence,spatial distribution,potential sources,and ecological risks of PFASs.Twenty-three out of 26 targeted PFASs were detected in surface sediment samples from the YRDW,with totalΣ23PFASs concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 16.30 ng g^(-1) dw and a median value of 2.27 ng g^(-1) dw.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)were the main contaminants.The detection frequency and concentration of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)were higher than those of perfluoroal-kanesulfonic acids(PFSAs),while those of long-chain PFASs were higher than those of short-chain PFASs.The emerging PFASs substitutes were dominated by 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(6:2 Cl-PFESA).The distribution of PFASs is significantly influenced by the total organic carbon content in the sediments.The concentration of PFASs seems to be related to human activities,with high concentration levels of PFASs near locations such as beaches and villages.By using a positive matrix factorization model,the potential sources of PFASs in the region were identified as metal plating mist inhibitor and fluoropolymer manufacturing sources,metal plating industry and firefighting foam and textile treatment sources,and food packaging material sources.The risk assessment indicated that PFASs in YRDW sediments do not pose a significant ecological risk to benthic organisms in the region overall,but PFOA and PFOS exert a low to moderate risk at individual stations.展开更多
The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its...The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its effectiveness has been questioned because of the small effective sampling area(3.1 cm^(2)). In this study, we developed a DGT probe for rapid sampling of eight PFAS in waters and applied it to a water-sediment system. It has a much larger sampling area(27 cm^(2)) and as a result lower method quantification limits(0.15 –0.21 ng/L for one-day deployment and 0.02 – 0.03 ng/L for one-week deployment) and much higher(by > 10 factors) sampling rate(100 m L/day) compared to the standard DGT(piston configuration). The sampler could linearly accumulate PFAS from wastewater, was sensitive enough even for a 24 hr deployment with performance comparable to grab sampling(500m L). The DGT probe provided homogeneous sampling performance along the large exposure area. The use of the probe to investigate distributions of dissolved PFAS around the sediment-water interface was demonstrated. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that the DGT probe is a promising monitoring tool for trace levels of PFAS and a research tool for studying their distribution, migration, and fate in aquatic environments including the sediment-water interface.展开更多
Currently,there is an increasing interest in developing efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies to remediate per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in water.Biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)can b...Currently,there is an increasing interest in developing efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies to remediate per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in water.Biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)can be a good candidate among porous pyrogenic carbonaceous materials for the sorptive removal of PFAS from water/wastewater.There is a need to focus on developing efficient,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective techniques for desorbing PFAS from spent biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)to enable potential reuse or suitable disposal of these adsorbents,facilitating their future full-scale application in the water sector.This review article briefly compiles the state-of-the-art knowledge on the:(i)application of pristine and modified/engineered biochars for the sorptive removal of PFAS from aqueous samples;(ii)regeneration/reuse techniques for the spent biochars;and(iii)economic analysis of their use in PFAS removal from water/wastewater.Further investigations on(i)better modifying/engineering biochars to remove specially short-chain PFAS species in real environmental water samples due to challenging nature of their removal using conventional treatment technologies;(ii)feasible low-energy,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective strategies for regeneration/reuse of the spent biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)and management of their end-of-life;and(iii)large-scale and continuous column sorption operation for the real water/wastewater samples are still desirable to apply biochars for PFAS removal at full-scale in the future.展开更多
Many per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas.However,there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFA...Many per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas.However,there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFAS contamination in cold and arid regions.In the present study,we investigated the concentrations of 30 PFAS compounds in the surface water and sediment of Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers.The main components in water were short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)in both Hulun Lake(33.57%)and its inflowing rivers(30.47%).However,long chain perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long chain PFCAs accounted for more than half of the total PFAS content in sediment.Total PFAS concentrations(∑_(30)PFAS)ranged from 3.67 to 8.84 ng/L in water,and 0.97-1.73 mg/kg in sediment.Significant spatial differences were apparent between Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers in both water and sediment samples.Source apportionment revealed that wastewater,aqueous film forming foams,textiles and paper-based food packaging,and paper products and cosmetics were the primary sources of PFAS.The partitioning coefficients of PFCAs were dependent on the carbon chain length.Temperature,conductivity,pH,salinity,chemical oxygen demand,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),As,and oxidation-reduction potential were the main influencing factors in water.Heavy metals(Co,Pb,Cu,Ni,Hg,Cd,and As),TP,salinity,and pH were positively correlated with the PFAS concentration in sediment.Furthermore,Hailar River contributed the majority(99.74%,~15.05 kg/year)of the PFAS mass flux.This is the first study showing PFAS contamination in Hulun Lake and the results suggest that long term monitoring is needed for the effective control of PFAS pollution in this typical cold and arid region of China.展开更多
The globally concerning per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)were widely detected in the environment,yet their environmental occurrences and behaviors remain elusive in the grassland soils.In this study,the region...The globally concerning per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)were widely detected in the environment,yet their environmental occurrences and behaviors remain elusive in the grassland soils.In this study,the region-specific distributions,sources and potential ecological risk of 31 legacy and novel PFASs were investigated in 74 grassland soils from Xilingol League,China.The 20 out of 31 PFASs were detected with the detection frequencies>50%,and the total concentrations of 31 PFASs were in the range of 263.7-16795.8 pg/g dry weight(d.w.).The novel PFASs were the dominant congeners,followed by legacy PFASs and PFAS precursors,indicating the widespread contamination of novel PFASs in the grassland soils.Elevated PFAS concentrations were detected in the soils adjacent to the industrial and urban areas.Industrial,fire-fighting and household activities,and long-range atmospheric transport were discovered as the main sources of PFASs in the grassland soils from Xilingol League.The calculated risk quotient values(<0.01)only indicated the low ecological risk of 12 target PFASs in the grassland soils.Our work enriches the data of PFAS contamination in the grassland soils,which provides the critical reference for the implementation of Action Plan on Controlling New Pollutants in China.展开更多
Menstrual cycle characteristics constitute one of the significant female fertility indicators.Previous epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals could affect menstrual cycle character...Menstrual cycle characteristics constitute one of the significant female fertility indicators.Previous epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals could affect menstrual cycle characteristics,but the knowledge remains limited overall.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been identified as potential reproductive toxicants,while previous studies mainly focused on several legacy PFAS chemicals but generally failed to explore the outcomes from exposure to a complex mixture of both legacy and emerging PFAS.Besides,the modification effect of physical activity is rarely considered.In the present study,we explored the associations of exposure to a suite of legacy and emerging PFAS and menstrual cycle regularity as well as the potential modification by physical activity based on a pre-conception cohort in Shanghai(China)with the participation of 1001 reproductive-aged women.A total of 20 PFAS chemicals with detection frequency>80%,which were derived from the PFAS exposure profile of the same population in our previous study,were included in the confounder-adjusted logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR)analysis.In individual PFAS analysis,after adjustment of the covariates,∑2m-PFOS(the sum of all perfluoro-dimethylhexane sulfonates)was significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.35(95%confidence interval,CI:1.09,1.67)as well as long cycles(OR=1.37;95%CI:1.08,1.70).In addition,a significant positive association was also found between perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid(PFNA)and long cycles(OR=1.40;95%CI:1.06,1.86).No significant associations were found between the PFAS mixture and the menstrual cycle characteristics as revealed by BKMR analysis,while the significant association between ∑2m-PFOS and menstrual cycle irregularity was also observed in the mixture exposure model.Subgroup analysis stratified by physical activity level showed that the associations between ∑2m-PFOS and menstrual cycle irregularity as well as long cycles were more pronounced in the inactive physical activity subgroup.This study suggested that branched PFOS(i.e.,∑2m-PFOS)might act as the predominant risk factor for menstrual cycle irregularity,and physical activity could influence the risks.展开更多
Over the past two decades,rapid urbanization and industrialization in Uganda have generated wastewater containing emerging contaminants including per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).This study assessed PFASs co...Over the past two decades,rapid urbanization and industrialization in Uganda have generated wastewater containing emerging contaminants including per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).This study assessed PFASs contamination of wastewater from Bugolobi(Kampala)and Kirinya(Jinja)wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)by analyzing 80 influent and effluent samples for 15 PFASs using LC-MS/MS.We quantified 10 PFASs,with levels ranging from non-detectable(n.d)up to 372.4 ng/L(mean:20.94±0.42 ng/L).At Bugolobi WWTP,influent levels ranged from n.d to 190.01 ng/L(60.85±1.03 ng/L)while effluents varied from n.d to 372.4 ng/L(237.91±7.06 ng/L).At Kirinya WWTP,influent levels ranged from n.d to 29.37 ng/L(17.58±3.54 ng/L)and effluents up to 30.21 ng/L(7.79±0.85 ng/L).Short-chain PFASs(PFBS,PFBA)were more predominant,suggesting their possible use or degradation of the long-chain PFASs.Total mass loadings were higher at Bugolobi WWTP(5353.56 mg/day),serving the more densely populated Kampala,than at Kirinya WWTP(93.62 mg/day).PFSAs exhibited higher removal(72.45%Bugolobi;36.45%Kirinya)than PFCAs(-127.38%Bugolobi;-20.50% Kirinya),which could be attributed to their stronger hydrophobic adsorption and partial biodegradation.Bugolobi,with ~82.59% total removal outperformed Kirinya(~25.19%)due to its advanced conventional treatment.Ecological risk assessment revealed higher risks at lower trophic levels at Bugolobi compared to Kirinya,likely due to lower influx and partial mitigation by its pondbased system.These findings highlight the role of WWTPs as critical point sources of PFASs,posing ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds,also known as"forever chemicals",are ubiquitous in the environment and harm human health.Developing safer,eco-friendly alternatives is vital,but new compounds may cause new ...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds,also known as"forever chemicals",are ubiquitous in the environment and harm human health.Developing safer,eco-friendly alternatives is vital,but new compounds may cause new issues.Enhanced monitoring and risk assessment are essential.In this study,the detection of PFASs in environmental media,including lake surface water,bottom sediment,soil,and bryophytes,was accomplished by instrumentation in the Caohai region.Subsequently,their distribution characteristics and ecological risks were scientifically analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that new and traditional PFASs were widely found in Caohai,a non-industrial area,and showed obvious short-chain and new PFAS substitution effects.The total concentrations of PFASs(ΣPFASs)in surface water and sediment were measured at 39.55–67.64 ng/L and 2.36–11.55 ng/g dry weight(dw),respectively.The concentrations ofΣPFASs in soil and moss ranged from 0.39 to 1.31 ng/g dw and from 8.90 to 18.07 ng/g dw,respectively.Notably,PFBA and F-53B emerged as the most prevalent PFAS compounds in this region.The calculated risk quotients(RQs)for PFASs are less than 0.01,indicating no significant environmental risk.However,the long-term cumulative risk cannot be ignored,and the ecological protection of Caohai still needs to be paid attention to.The results of this study can help understand the pollution level of PFASs in the wetland water system in plateau areas and provide data references for environmental control such as PFASs pollution protection and ecological management in Caohai.展开更多
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered significant attention as emerging contaminants (ECs) due to their concerning implications for ecological systems and human well-being, as well as their exhibit...Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered significant attention as emerging contaminants (ECs) due to their concerning implications for ecological systems and human well-being, as well as their exhibited sustained environmental persistence, long-range migration capabilities, and bioaccumulation characteristics. To comprehensively and systematically understand the research hotspot and cutting-edge trends related to PFASs in the environmental field, a quantitative investigation was conducted based on 7735 PFAS-related articles extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 2000 to 2023. The assessment involved trend of publication, prominent research contributors (countries, authors, and institutions) and influential journals. The results indicated a marked increase in the number of publications focused on environmentally-oriented PFASs since 2014, with these publications constituting approximately 83.89 % of the total body of literature on this topic. China and the USA emerged as the foremost contributors in this field. The preeminent journals included Environmental Science & Technology, Chemosphere, and Science of the Total Environment. Keyword frequency, co-occurrence network, and burst analysis delineated PFASs' research in the environmental field primarily focused on environmental monitoring, toxic effects, and the ultimate destinations and degradation pathways of the PFASs. It is anticipated that future research will focus on investigating the toxic mechanisms of PFASs' impacts on human health and on developing techniques to remove PFASs from drinking water. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the extant literature, granting researchers an enriched understanding of PFASs’ research progress and offering valuable insights regarding potential avenues for further investigation.展开更多
This study investigates the presence and health implications of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in human serum samples collected from white-collar workers in an industrialized region of China.Our research offe...This study investigates the presence and health implications of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in human serum samples collected from white-collar workers in an industrialized region of China.Our research offers fresh insights into the underexplored area of nonoccupational PFAS exposure among white-collar workers,shedding light on health risks linked to industrial PFAS pollution.Seven PFAS compounds were measured.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)emerged as predominant pollutants,withΣ_(7)PFAS concentrations averaging 65.486 ng/mL.Gender differences showed higher serumΣ_(7)PFAS levels in males,and age-related analyses suggested PFAS accumulation over time,with higher concentrations in older groups.Additionally,significant correlations were found between PFAS concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress and immune interference,specifically malondialdehyde(MDA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM),indicating that PFAS exposure may contribute to oxidative damage and potential immunosuppression.The study highlights regional and international variations in PFAS serum concentrations,underscoring the influence of industrial activities on PFAS exposure and expanding on the established links between PFAS exposure and health outcomes.These findings call for targeted strategies to mitigate PFAS exposure in high-risk regions and warrant further research on PFAS health impacts,especially in regard to immune interference.展开更多
This study investigates the occurrence,spatial distribution,and ecological and human health risks of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in South African water systems over the period 2014–2024.In the absence of ...This study investigates the occurrence,spatial distribution,and ecological and human health risks of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in South African water systems over the period 2014–2024.In the absence of direct drinking water data,ecological risk assessments and indirect human exposure evaluations via potential crop irrigation were conducted using PFAS concentrations measured in surface water and wastewater across four regional zones:north(Gauteng,Limpopo,Mpumalanga,Northwest),west(Northern Cape),east(KwaZulu-Natal,Free State),and south(Eastern and Western Cape).Among the compounds analysed,perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)was the most prevalent,with concentrations ranging from 315 ng/L in the Eastern Cape to 420 ng/L in the Vaal River(Gauteng),yielding ecological risk quotient(RQ)values of 3.15 and 4.05,respectively,both exceeding the RQ safety threshold of 1.Perfluoro butanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluoro hexanoic acid(PFHxA)also presented moderate ecological risks,with peak concentrations of 380 ng/L(west)and 267 ng/L(north),corresponding to RQ values of 1.10–1.78.The north zone,particularly sites like the Vaal River and Hartbeespoort Dam,exhibited the highest PFAS burden.A strong correlation(r=0.95)between PFOA and PFHxA suggests common sources of contamination.Spatial variability was more pronounced for PFHxA(CV=12.84%)than for PFOA(CV=9.92%).Indirect human health risks from crop ingestion were negligible,with hazard quotient(HQ)values below 0.019 and incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)estimates below 2.70×10^(-8).Despite minimal human health risks,the persistent ecological threats particularly in the north zone underscore the need for enhanced regulatory oversight,long-term monitoring,and targeted PFAS treatment strategies.展开更多
The widespread presence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in the environment poses a serious threat due to their persistent nature and harmful effects on human health and ecosystems.In this context,there is a...The widespread presence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in the environment poses a serious threat due to their persistent nature and harmful effects on human health and ecosystems.In this context,there is an imperative need for developing and improving methods to identify and eliminate these contaminants.Different detection techniques that are being used for PFAS detection are discussed.The details of detection mechanism of these techniques,their limitations and future areas of research for their optimization and improvement in detection efficiencies are also discussed in this review.Besides,this article provides a baseline for anticipating the advanced treatment technologies for PFAS in drinking water.We focus on the effectiveness of different removal techniques(physical,biological and chemical advancements)for eliminating various types of short and long chain PFAS.More so,the methods for the removal of PFAS are also explained with their limitations and future outlooks.Their pros and cons and limitations that need to be overcome and could be the potential future research.We included the recent literature and encompassed the information of PFAS related to guidelines,analytical techniques to determine PFAS and treatment or removal technologies.Conclusively,this study suggests that a combination of treatment methods will likely be necessary for effective PFAS remediation in water.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are ...Microplastics(MPs)are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications,and thus coexist with MPs.Therefore,we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed,and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding,π-πinteraction,cation-πinteractions,and micelle formation are proposed.Moreover,the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed.Based on four typical aquatic organisms(shellfish,Daphnia,algae,and fish),the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized.Finally,challenges and research perspectives are proposed,and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity,especially on PFAS substitutes,are recommended for further investigation.This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer products.In Australia,limited spatial data are available on PF...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer products.In Australia,limited spatial data are available on PFAS levels inWWTPs influent,while no temporal data have been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and temporal trend of PFAS in the influent of two large WWTPs in Australia(WWTP A and B)over a four-year period.Daily influent samples were collected over one week at different seasons from 2014 to 2017.Eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAA)(i.e.seven perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)and four perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSA))were detected with mean S11PFAA concentrations of 57±3.3e94±17 ng/L at WWTP A,and 31±6.1e142±73 ng/L at WWTP B.The highest mean concentrations were observed for perfluorohexanoate(PFHxA)(20±2 ng/L)in WWTP A,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)(17±13 ng/L)in WWTP B.The precursor 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate was detected over five sampling periods from Aug 2016 to Oct 2017,with mean concentrations of 37±18e138±51 ng/L for WWTP A and 8.8±4.5e29±5.1 ng/L for WWTP B.Higher concentration of 6:2 FTS(1.8e11 folds)than those of PFOA and PFOS in WWTP A indicate a likely substitution of C8 PFAA by fluorotelomer-based PFAS in this catchment.Temporal trends(annual and seasonal)in per-capita mass load were observed for some PFAA,increasing for PFPeA,PFHxA,PFHpA,PFNA,and PFHxS,while decreasing for PFBS and PFOS in either WWTPs.Notably,elevated levels of PFOS in October 2017 were observed at both WWTPs with the highest per capita mass load of up to 67 mg/day/inhabitant.For some PFAS release trends,longer sampling periods would be required to achieve acceptable statistical power.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C03176)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY23B070001)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province(No.20230009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22106032)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750000).
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)can induce a range of adverse health effects,with the precise molecularmechanisms remaining elusive.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated their potential to elucidate unknown molecular mechanisms.Building upon the close alignment of their biological functions with the observed health effects of PFASs,this study innovatively focuses on proteomic insights from EVs into the molecular mechanisms underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs.Through rat exposure experiments and proteomics technology,it not only demonstrated the occurrence of PFASs in EVs but also revealed the alterations in the serum EVs and the expression of their protein cargos following mixed exposure to PFASs,leading to changes in related pathways.These changes encompass various biological processes,including proteasome activity,immune response,cytoskeletal organization,oxidative stress,cell signaling,and nervous system function.Particularly noteworthy is the uncovering of the activation of the proteasome pathway,highlighting significant key contributing proteins.These novel findings provide a new perspective for exploring the molecularmechanism underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs and offer reliable screening for potential biomarkers.Additionally,comparisons with serum confirmed the potential of serum EVs as biological responders and measurable endpoints for evaluating PFASs-induced toxicity.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(No.1610132022015)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176198).
文摘Reclaimed water for irrigation or hydroponic cultivation provides exposure pathways for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)to enter the human food chain.This study employed hydroponic methods to investigate the behavior of legacy PFAS and emerging chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)in lettuce grown under environment-related exposure levels and assessed the human exposure risks from consuming contaminated lettuce.Overall,PFAS in lettuce were concentration-dependent,with long-chain PFAS tending to accumulate in roots and short-chain PFAS accumulating more in shoots.The enrichment of PFAS in lettuce was jointly influenced by their chain length and polar functional groups.Specifically,the root concentration factors(RCFs)of PFAS generally increased with increasing chain length,and RCF values of most perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids(PFSAs)were significantly higher than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)with the same chain length(p<0.01),while the translocation factors(TFs)exhibited opposite trends.RCF values of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its alternatives,Cl-PFESAs,were ranked as follows:8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:139)>6:2 Cl-PFESA(28.6)>PFOS(25.7),which was attributed to the increased molecular size and hydrophobicity resulting from the insertion of ether bonds and additional CF2 in 8:2 Cl-PFESA.Notably,TF value of 8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:0.007)was the smallest among all PFAS,indicating 8:2 Cl-PFESA was difficult to transfer to nutritional compartments.Adults and children would exceed the most conservative health-based reference dose(RfD)by consuming approximately 15.9–148 g and 7.92–74.0 g of contaminated lettuce per day,implying high health risks.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M730317 and 2023T160066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332023042)+3 种基金the Open Project of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health(No.202301)the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976050)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(No.21377779D)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.B2020206008).
文摘Although per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been frequently linked to cardiovascular and renal disease separately,evidence remains scarce regarding their systematic effect.Therefore,we recruited 546 newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients and detected seven myocardial enzymes and six kidney function biomarkers.Twelve PFASwere also assessedwith ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model were applied to single pollutant analysis.Quantile g-computation was used for mixture analysis.Network model was utilized to identify central and bridge nodes of pollutants and phenotypes.In the present study,perfluorohexane sulfonic acid was positively associated with uric acid(UA)(β=0.04,95%confidence interval(CI):0.01,0.07),and perfluorobutanoic acid was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate(β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07,-0.01)but positively associated with UA(β=0.03,95%CI:0.01,0.06).In mixture analysis,each quantile increase in the PFAS mixture was significantly associated with UA(β=0.08,95%CI:0.04,0.11).Network analysis revealed that perfluorooctanoate,UA,and myoglobin were denoted as bridge nodes,and the first principal component of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-myocardial band was identified as the node with the highest strength and expected influence.This study investigates the systematic impact of PFAS exposure through cardiorenal interaction network,which highlights that PFAS may serve as an upstream approach in UA-modulated cardiorenal network to affect cardiorenal system comprehensively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976050)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(No.21377779D)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2020206008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M730317 and 2023T160066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332023042)the Open Project of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health(No.202301).
文摘Previous studies have suggested that abnormal hepatobiliary system function may contribute to poor prognosis in patientswith acute coronary syndrome(ACS)and that abnormal hepatobiliary system function may be associated with per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)exposure.However,there is limited evidence for this association in cardiovascular subpopulations,particularly in the ACS patients.Therefore,we performed this study to evaluate the association between plasma PFAS exposure and hepatobiliary system function biomarkers in patients with ACS.This study included 546 newly diagnosed ACS patients at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University,and data on 15 hepatobiliary system function biomarkers were obtained from medical records.Associations between single PFAS and hepatobiliary system function biomarkers were assessed using multiple linear regression models and restricted cubic spline model(RCS),and mixture effects were assessed using the Quantile g-computation model.The results showed that total bile acids(TBA)was negative associated with perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)(-7.69%,95%CI:-12.15%,-3.01%).According to the RCS model,linear associations were found between TBA and PFHxS(P for overall=0.003,P for non-linear=0.234).We also have observed the association between between PFAS congeners and liver enzyme such as aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and α-l-Fucosidase(AFU),but it was not statistically significant after correction.In addition,Our results also revealed an association between prealbumin(PA)and PFAS congeners as well as mixtures.Our findings have provided a piece of epidemiological evidence on associations between PFAS congeners or mixture,and serum hepatobiliary system function biomarkers in ACS patients,which could be a basis for subsequent mechanism studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42177408)Guangdong(China)Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06N258)。
文摘Studies have shown that per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)may be hepatotoxic in animals or humans.However,data on clinical epidemiology are very limited.In this study,21PFASs were determined in patients with liver diseases,with the highest median concentrations detected in the serum sample(26.7 ng/mL),followed by blood(10.7 ng/mL)and urine(5.02 ng/mL).Higher total PFAS concentrations were found in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients compared to non-HCC patients,with significant discrepancies in serum and blood samples.Besides,significant correlations were also found among PFAS concentrations and age,gender,body mass index(BMI),and liver function biomarkers levels.For example,PFAS concentrations are significantly higher in males than in females;Several serum PFASs concentrations increase with age and BMI,while the serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS)concentrations are negatively correlated with age.In addition,multiple regression models adjusted for age,gender and BMI found that increased serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid(PFBS),perfluoroheptane sulfonic acid(PFHpS)and perfluorohexylphosphonic acid(PFHxPA)conentrations are correlated with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)(p<0.05).Our results provide epidemiological support for the future study on the potential clinical hepatotoxicity of PFAS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21625702)。
文摘Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), its salts, and related compounds were listed as new persistent organic pollutants by the Stockholm Convention in 2019.In this study, the occurrence of residues of PFOA and other per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) in raw materials and fluoropolymer products from the Chinese fluoropolymer industries are reported for the first time.The PFOA concentrations in raw materials and fluoropolymer products were in the range of 6.7 to 1.1 × 10^(6) ng/g, and <MDL(method detection limit) to 5.3 × 10^(3) ng/g,respectively.Generally, the levels of PFOA in raw materials were higher than in products,implying that PFOA in the emulsion/dispersion resin could be partly removed during the polymerization or post-processing steps.By tracking a company’s polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) production line, it was found that over a 5 year period, the residual levels of PFOA in emulsion samples declined from 1.1 × 10^(6) to 28.4 ng/g, indicating that the contamination of PFOA in fluoropolymer products from production source gradually decreased after its use had been discontinued.High concentrations of HFPO-TrA(2.7 × 10^(5) to 8.2 × 10^(5) ng/g) were detected in some emulsion samples indicating this alternative has been widely applied in fluoropolymer manufacturing in China.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.42377217)the Cooperation Fund between Dongying City and Universities(No.SXHZ-2023-02-6).
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are emerging persistent organic pollutants(POPs).In this study,47 surface sediment samples were collected from the Yellow River Delta wetland(YRDW)to investigate the occurrence,spatial distribution,potential sources,and ecological risks of PFASs.Twenty-three out of 26 targeted PFASs were detected in surface sediment samples from the YRDW,with totalΣ23PFASs concentrations ranging from 0.23 to 16.30 ng g^(-1) dw and a median value of 2.27 ng g^(-1) dw.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA),perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)were the main contaminants.The detection frequency and concentration of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)were higher than those of perfluoroal-kanesulfonic acids(PFSAs),while those of long-chain PFASs were higher than those of short-chain PFASs.The emerging PFASs substitutes were dominated by 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid(6:2 Cl-PFESA).The distribution of PFASs is significantly influenced by the total organic carbon content in the sediments.The concentration of PFASs seems to be related to human activities,with high concentration levels of PFASs near locations such as beaches and villages.By using a positive matrix factorization model,the potential sources of PFASs in the region were identified as metal plating mist inhibitor and fluoropolymer manufacturing sources,metal plating industry and firefighting foam and textile treatment sources,and food packaging material sources.The risk assessment indicated that PFASs in YRDW sediments do not pose a significant ecological risk to benthic organisms in the region overall,but PFOA and PFOS exert a low to moderate risk at individual stations.
基金supported by the Key Deployment Project of Centre for Ocean Mega-Research of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. COMS2019J08)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project (No. 201904010291)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21806042)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety (No. 2019B030301008)。
文摘The passive sampling technique, diffusive gradients in thin films(DGT) has attracted increasing interests as an in-situ sampler for organic contaminants including per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS). However, its effectiveness has been questioned because of the small effective sampling area(3.1 cm^(2)). In this study, we developed a DGT probe for rapid sampling of eight PFAS in waters and applied it to a water-sediment system. It has a much larger sampling area(27 cm^(2)) and as a result lower method quantification limits(0.15 –0.21 ng/L for one-day deployment and 0.02 – 0.03 ng/L for one-week deployment) and much higher(by > 10 factors) sampling rate(100 m L/day) compared to the standard DGT(piston configuration). The sampler could linearly accumulate PFAS from wastewater, was sensitive enough even for a 24 hr deployment with performance comparable to grab sampling(500m L). The DGT probe provided homogeneous sampling performance along the large exposure area. The use of the probe to investigate distributions of dissolved PFAS around the sediment-water interface was demonstrated. This work, for the first time, demonstrated that the DGT probe is a promising monitoring tool for trace levels of PFAS and a research tool for studying their distribution, migration, and fate in aquatic environments including the sediment-water interface.
基金support from the United States Environmental Protection Agency(No.SU840873)In addition,S.J.acknowledges support from the Procter&Gamble(P&G)(No.DA24-00647)the 2024-2025 Henry C.McBay Faculty Research Fellowship from UNCF.
文摘Currently,there is an increasing interest in developing efficient and cost-effective treatment technologies to remediate per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in water.Biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)can be a good candidate among porous pyrogenic carbonaceous materials for the sorptive removal of PFAS from water/wastewater.There is a need to focus on developing efficient,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective techniques for desorbing PFAS from spent biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)to enable potential reuse or suitable disposal of these adsorbents,facilitating their future full-scale application in the water sector.This review article briefly compiles the state-of-the-art knowledge on the:(i)application of pristine and modified/engineered biochars for the sorptive removal of PFAS from aqueous samples;(ii)regeneration/reuse techniques for the spent biochars;and(iii)economic analysis of their use in PFAS removal from water/wastewater.Further investigations on(i)better modifying/engineering biochars to remove specially short-chain PFAS species in real environmental water samples due to challenging nature of their removal using conventional treatment technologies;(ii)feasible low-energy,environmentally friendly,and cost-effective strategies for regeneration/reuse of the spent biochars(pristine and modified/engineered)and management of their end-of-life;and(iii)large-scale and continuous column sorption operation for the real water/wastewater samples are still desirable to apply biochars for PFAS removal at full-scale in the future.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52125901)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(Grant No.ZR2023QE199).
文摘Many per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas.However,there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFAS contamination in cold and arid regions.In the present study,we investigated the concentrations of 30 PFAS compounds in the surface water and sediment of Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers.The main components in water were short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)in both Hulun Lake(33.57%)and its inflowing rivers(30.47%).However,long chain perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long chain PFCAs accounted for more than half of the total PFAS content in sediment.Total PFAS concentrations(∑_(30)PFAS)ranged from 3.67 to 8.84 ng/L in water,and 0.97-1.73 mg/kg in sediment.Significant spatial differences were apparent between Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers in both water and sediment samples.Source apportionment revealed that wastewater,aqueous film forming foams,textiles and paper-based food packaging,and paper products and cosmetics were the primary sources of PFAS.The partitioning coefficients of PFCAs were dependent on the carbon chain length.Temperature,conductivity,pH,salinity,chemical oxygen demand,total phosphorus(TP),total nitrogen(TN),As,and oxidation-reduction potential were the main influencing factors in water.Heavy metals(Co,Pb,Cu,Ni,Hg,Cd,and As),TP,salinity,and pH were positively correlated with the PFAS concentration in sediment.Furthermore,Hailar River contributed the majority(99.74%,~15.05 kg/year)of the PFAS mass flux.This is the first study showing PFAS contamination in Hulun Lake and the results suggest that long term monitoring is needed for the effective control of PFAS pollution in this typical cold and arid region of China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41907311)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.3132023505)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,China(No.XLYC1802036).
文摘The globally concerning per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)were widely detected in the environment,yet their environmental occurrences and behaviors remain elusive in the grassland soils.In this study,the region-specific distributions,sources and potential ecological risk of 31 legacy and novel PFASs were investigated in 74 grassland soils from Xilingol League,China.The 20 out of 31 PFASs were detected with the detection frequencies>50%,and the total concentrations of 31 PFASs were in the range of 263.7-16795.8 pg/g dry weight(d.w.).The novel PFASs were the dominant congeners,followed by legacy PFASs and PFAS precursors,indicating the widespread contamination of novel PFASs in the grassland soils.Elevated PFAS concentrations were detected in the soils adjacent to the industrial and urban areas.Industrial,fire-fighting and household activities,and long-range atmospheric transport were discovered as the main sources of PFASs in the grassland soils from Xilingol League.The calculated risk quotient values(<0.01)only indicated the low ecological risk of 12 target PFASs in the grassland soils.Our work enriches the data of PFAS contamination in the grassland soils,which provides the critical reference for the implementation of Action Plan on Controlling New Pollutants in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42277417 and 82130097)the Major Talent Program of Guangdong Provincial(No.2021QN02Y944)+2 种基金The Shanghai Birth Cohort was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41991314 and 81530086)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Nos.GWIII-26,GWIV-26,and 2020CXJQ01)the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Xinhua Hospital and the National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service Platform(No.2005DKA21300).
文摘Menstrual cycle characteristics constitute one of the significant female fertility indicators.Previous epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals could affect menstrual cycle characteristics,but the knowledge remains limited overall.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been identified as potential reproductive toxicants,while previous studies mainly focused on several legacy PFAS chemicals but generally failed to explore the outcomes from exposure to a complex mixture of both legacy and emerging PFAS.Besides,the modification effect of physical activity is rarely considered.In the present study,we explored the associations of exposure to a suite of legacy and emerging PFAS and menstrual cycle regularity as well as the potential modification by physical activity based on a pre-conception cohort in Shanghai(China)with the participation of 1001 reproductive-aged women.A total of 20 PFAS chemicals with detection frequency>80%,which were derived from the PFAS exposure profile of the same population in our previous study,were included in the confounder-adjusted logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR)analysis.In individual PFAS analysis,after adjustment of the covariates,∑2m-PFOS(the sum of all perfluoro-dimethylhexane sulfonates)was significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity with an odds ratio(OR)of 1.35(95%confidence interval,CI:1.09,1.67)as well as long cycles(OR=1.37;95%CI:1.08,1.70).In addition,a significant positive association was also found between perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid(PFNA)and long cycles(OR=1.40;95%CI:1.06,1.86).No significant associations were found between the PFAS mixture and the menstrual cycle characteristics as revealed by BKMR analysis,while the significant association between ∑2m-PFOS and menstrual cycle irregularity was also observed in the mixture exposure model.Subgroup analysis stratified by physical activity level showed that the associations between ∑2m-PFOS and menstrual cycle irregularity as well as long cycles were more pronounced in the inactive physical activity subgroup.This study suggested that branched PFOS(i.e.,∑2m-PFOS)might act as the predominant risk factor for menstrual cycle irregularity,and physical activity could influence the risks.
基金supported by the Makerere University Research and Innovation Fund(Grant No.RIF/080/22,MAKRIF/CH/01/21,MAKRIF/CH/02/21)Slovak Research and Development Agency(Grant No.APVV-21-0178)+4 种基金Alexander von Humboldt Foundation(Grant No.UGA-1185413-GF-E)Austrian Partnership Programme in Higher Education and Research(APPEAR)under project 249-Environmental Chemistry for Sustainable Development(ECSDevelop)Erasmus+International Credit Mobility programme(Grant No.2022-1-SK01-KA171-HED-000077735)African Water Resources Mobility Network(Grant No.20191973/004-001)the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures(ESFRI)for project EIRENE(Grant No.101079789).
文摘Over the past two decades,rapid urbanization and industrialization in Uganda have generated wastewater containing emerging contaminants including per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs).This study assessed PFASs contamination of wastewater from Bugolobi(Kampala)and Kirinya(Jinja)wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)by analyzing 80 influent and effluent samples for 15 PFASs using LC-MS/MS.We quantified 10 PFASs,with levels ranging from non-detectable(n.d)up to 372.4 ng/L(mean:20.94±0.42 ng/L).At Bugolobi WWTP,influent levels ranged from n.d to 190.01 ng/L(60.85±1.03 ng/L)while effluents varied from n.d to 372.4 ng/L(237.91±7.06 ng/L).At Kirinya WWTP,influent levels ranged from n.d to 29.37 ng/L(17.58±3.54 ng/L)and effluents up to 30.21 ng/L(7.79±0.85 ng/L).Short-chain PFASs(PFBS,PFBA)were more predominant,suggesting their possible use or degradation of the long-chain PFASs.Total mass loadings were higher at Bugolobi WWTP(5353.56 mg/day),serving the more densely populated Kampala,than at Kirinya WWTP(93.62 mg/day).PFSAs exhibited higher removal(72.45%Bugolobi;36.45%Kirinya)than PFCAs(-127.38%Bugolobi;-20.50% Kirinya),which could be attributed to their stronger hydrophobic adsorption and partial biodegradation.Bugolobi,with ~82.59% total removal outperformed Kirinya(~25.19%)due to its advanced conventional treatment.Ecological risk assessment revealed higher risks at lower trophic levels at Bugolobi compared to Kirinya,likely due to lower influx and partial mitigation by its pondbased system.These findings highlight the role of WWTPs as critical point sources of PFASs,posing ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21966011)the Guizhou Medical University Doctoral Initiation Fund(Project Contract No.:XBOHJZi[2020]No.044)the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(Grant No.QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB229).
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl compounds,also known as"forever chemicals",are ubiquitous in the environment and harm human health.Developing safer,eco-friendly alternatives is vital,but new compounds may cause new issues.Enhanced monitoring and risk assessment are essential.In this study,the detection of PFASs in environmental media,including lake surface water,bottom sediment,soil,and bryophytes,was accomplished by instrumentation in the Caohai region.Subsequently,their distribution characteristics and ecological risks were scientifically analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that new and traditional PFASs were widely found in Caohai,a non-industrial area,and showed obvious short-chain and new PFAS substitution effects.The total concentrations of PFASs(ΣPFASs)in surface water and sediment were measured at 39.55–67.64 ng/L and 2.36–11.55 ng/g dry weight(dw),respectively.The concentrations ofΣPFASs in soil and moss ranged from 0.39 to 1.31 ng/g dw and from 8.90 to 18.07 ng/g dw,respectively.Notably,PFBA and F-53B emerged as the most prevalent PFAS compounds in this region.The calculated risk quotients(RQs)for PFASs are less than 0.01,indicating no significant environmental risk.However,the long-term cumulative risk cannot be ignored,and the ecological protection of Caohai still needs to be paid attention to.The results of this study can help understand the pollution level of PFASs in the wetland water system in plateau areas and provide data references for environmental control such as PFASs pollution protection and ecological management in Caohai.
基金supported by Science and Technology Major Project of Ordos City(ZD20232301).
文摘Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have garnered significant attention as emerging contaminants (ECs) due to their concerning implications for ecological systems and human well-being, as well as their exhibited sustained environmental persistence, long-range migration capabilities, and bioaccumulation characteristics. To comprehensively and systematically understand the research hotspot and cutting-edge trends related to PFASs in the environmental field, a quantitative investigation was conducted based on 7735 PFAS-related articles extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) from 2000 to 2023. The assessment involved trend of publication, prominent research contributors (countries, authors, and institutions) and influential journals. The results indicated a marked increase in the number of publications focused on environmentally-oriented PFASs since 2014, with these publications constituting approximately 83.89 % of the total body of literature on this topic. China and the USA emerged as the foremost contributors in this field. The preeminent journals included Environmental Science & Technology, Chemosphere, and Science of the Total Environment. Keyword frequency, co-occurrence network, and burst analysis delineated PFASs' research in the environmental field primarily focused on environmental monitoring, toxic effects, and the ultimate destinations and degradation pathways of the PFASs. It is anticipated that future research will focus on investigating the toxic mechanisms of PFASs' impacts on human health and on developing techniques to remove PFASs from drinking water. This study provided a comprehensive overview of the extant literature, granting researchers an enriched understanding of PFASs’ research progress and offering valuable insights regarding potential avenues for further investigation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.42407577,42322707,and 42325702)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(no.2023A1515140118)+4 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(KCXFZ20240903093700002,JCYJ20241202130703005)the Ningbo key research and development planand“reveal the list”project(2023Z176)the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(no.2023B1212060002)the Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control(no.2023B1212120001)the State Environ-mental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control.
文摘This study investigates the presence and health implications of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in human serum samples collected from white-collar workers in an industrialized region of China.Our research offers fresh insights into the underexplored area of nonoccupational PFAS exposure among white-collar workers,shedding light on health risks linked to industrial PFAS pollution.Seven PFAS compounds were measured.Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonate(PFOS)emerged as predominant pollutants,withΣ_(7)PFAS concentrations averaging 65.486 ng/mL.Gender differences showed higher serumΣ_(7)PFAS levels in males,and age-related analyses suggested PFAS accumulation over time,with higher concentrations in older groups.Additionally,significant correlations were found between PFAS concentrations and biomarkers of oxidative stress and immune interference,specifically malondialdehyde(MDA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM),indicating that PFAS exposure may contribute to oxidative damage and potential immunosuppression.The study highlights regional and international variations in PFAS serum concentrations,underscoring the influence of industrial activities on PFAS exposure and expanding on the established links between PFAS exposure and health outcomes.These findings call for targeted strategies to mitigate PFAS exposure in high-risk regions and warrant further research on PFAS health impacts,especially in regard to immune interference.
文摘This study investigates the occurrence,spatial distribution,and ecological and human health risks of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in South African water systems over the period 2014–2024.In the absence of direct drinking water data,ecological risk assessments and indirect human exposure evaluations via potential crop irrigation were conducted using PFAS concentrations measured in surface water and wastewater across four regional zones:north(Gauteng,Limpopo,Mpumalanga,Northwest),west(Northern Cape),east(KwaZulu-Natal,Free State),and south(Eastern and Western Cape).Among the compounds analysed,perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)was the most prevalent,with concentrations ranging from 315 ng/L in the Eastern Cape to 420 ng/L in the Vaal River(Gauteng),yielding ecological risk quotient(RQ)values of 3.15 and 4.05,respectively,both exceeding the RQ safety threshold of 1.Perfluoro butanoic acid(PFBA)and perfluoro hexanoic acid(PFHxA)also presented moderate ecological risks,with peak concentrations of 380 ng/L(west)and 267 ng/L(north),corresponding to RQ values of 1.10–1.78.The north zone,particularly sites like the Vaal River and Hartbeespoort Dam,exhibited the highest PFAS burden.A strong correlation(r=0.95)between PFOA and PFHxA suggests common sources of contamination.Spatial variability was more pronounced for PFHxA(CV=12.84%)than for PFOA(CV=9.92%).Indirect human health risks from crop ingestion were negligible,with hazard quotient(HQ)values below 0.019 and incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)estimates below 2.70×10^(-8).Despite minimal human health risks,the persistent ecological threats particularly in the north zone underscore the need for enhanced regulatory oversight,long-term monitoring,and targeted PFAS treatment strategies.
文摘The widespread presence of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)in the environment poses a serious threat due to their persistent nature and harmful effects on human health and ecosystems.In this context,there is an imperative need for developing and improving methods to identify and eliminate these contaminants.Different detection techniques that are being used for PFAS detection are discussed.The details of detection mechanism of these techniques,their limitations and future areas of research for their optimization and improvement in detection efficiencies are also discussed in this review.Besides,this article provides a baseline for anticipating the advanced treatment technologies for PFAS in drinking water.We focus on the effectiveness of different removal techniques(physical,biological and chemical advancements)for eliminating various types of short and long chain PFAS.More so,the methods for the removal of PFAS are also explained with their limitations and future outlooks.Their pros and cons and limitations that need to be overcome and could be the potential future research.We included the recent literature and encompassed the information of PFAS related to guidelines,analytical techniques to determine PFAS and treatment or removal technologies.Conclusively,this study suggests that a combination of treatment methods will likely be necessary for effective PFAS remediation in water.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2106213,41907332,and 42192572)the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents of China(BX20190306)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(China)(tsqn201909051)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)(202141003)the USDA Hatch Program(USA)(MAS 00549).
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are recognized as vectors for the transport of organic contaminants in aquatic environments in addition to their own adverse effects on aquatic organisms.Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are widely present in aquatic environments due to their widespread applications,and thus coexist with MPs.Therefore,we focus on the interaction of MPs and PFASs and related combined toxicity in aquatic environments in this work The adsorption of PFASs on MPs is critically reviewed,and new mechanisms such as halogen bonding,π-πinteraction,cation-πinteractions,and micelle formation are proposed.Moreover,the effect of MPs on the transport and transformation of PFASs in aquatic environments is discussed.Based on four typical aquatic organisms(shellfish,Daphnia,algae,and fish),the toxicity of MPs and/or PFASs at the organismal or molecular levels is also evaluated and summarized.Finally,challenges and research perspectives are proposed,and the roles of the shapes and aging process of MPs on PFAS biogeochemical processes and toxicity,especially on PFAS substitutes,are recommended for further investigation.This review provides a better understanding of the interactions and toxic effects of coexisting MPs and PFASs in aquatic environments.
基金The authors would like to thank Sharon Grant,Jake O'Brien,Ben Tscharke and Rachel Mackie for organizing sample collection and providing data.Hue T.Nguyen is also grateful to Christine M.Baduel for LC/MS-MS analytical training.Hue T.Nguyen is supported by an Australian Award Scholarship granted by Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Jochen F.Mueller is funded by a UQ Fellowship.
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)are found ubiquitously in wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)due to their multiple sources in industry and consumer products.In Australia,limited spatial data are available on PFAS levels inWWTPs influent,while no temporal data have been reported.The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and temporal trend of PFAS in the influent of two large WWTPs in Australia(WWTP A and B)over a four-year period.Daily influent samples were collected over one week at different seasons from 2014 to 2017.Eleven perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAA)(i.e.seven perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)and four perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids(PFSA))were detected with mean S11PFAA concentrations of 57±3.3e94±17 ng/L at WWTP A,and 31±6.1e142±73 ng/L at WWTP B.The highest mean concentrations were observed for perfluorohexanoate(PFHxA)(20±2 ng/L)in WWTP A,and perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)(17±13 ng/L)in WWTP B.The precursor 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate was detected over five sampling periods from Aug 2016 to Oct 2017,with mean concentrations of 37±18e138±51 ng/L for WWTP A and 8.8±4.5e29±5.1 ng/L for WWTP B.Higher concentration of 6:2 FTS(1.8e11 folds)than those of PFOA and PFOS in WWTP A indicate a likely substitution of C8 PFAA by fluorotelomer-based PFAS in this catchment.Temporal trends(annual and seasonal)in per-capita mass load were observed for some PFAA,increasing for PFPeA,PFHxA,PFHpA,PFNA,and PFHxS,while decreasing for PFBS and PFOS in either WWTPs.Notably,elevated levels of PFOS in October 2017 were observed at both WWTPs with the highest per capita mass load of up to 67 mg/day/inhabitant.For some PFAS release trends,longer sampling periods would be required to achieve acceptable statistical power.
