Approximately 950 individual sequences of nonribosomally biosynthesised peptides are produced by the genus Trichoderma/Hypocreathat belong to a perpetually growing class of mostly linear antibiotic oligopeptides,which...Approximately 950 individual sequences of nonribosomally biosynthesised peptides are produced by the genus Trichoderma/Hypocreathat belong to a perpetually growing class of mostly linear antibiotic oligopeptides,which are rich in the non-proteinogenic α-aminoisobutyric acid(Aib).Thus,they are comprehensively named peptaibiotics.Notably,peptaibiotics represent ca.80% of the total inventory of secondarymetabolites currently known from Trichoderma/Hypocrea.Their unique membrane-modifying bioactivity results from amphipathicity and helicity,thus making them ideal candidates in assisting both colonisation and defence of the natural habitats by their fungal producers.Despite this,reports on the in vivo-detection of peptaibiotics have scarcely been published in the past.In order to evaluate the significance of peptaibiotic production for a broader range of potential producers,we screened nine specimens belonging to seven hitherto uninvestigated fungicolous or saprotrophic Trichoderma/Hypocrea species by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry.Sequences of peptaibiotics found were independently confirmed by analysing the peptaibiome of pure agar cultures obtained by single-ascospore isolation from the specimens.Of the nine species examined,five were screened positive for peptaibiotics.A total of 78 peptaibiotics were sequenced,56(=72%)of which are new.Notably,dihydroxyphenylalaninol and O-prenylated tyrosinol,two C-terminal residues,which have not been reported for peptaibiotics before,were found as well as new and recurrent sequences carrying the recently described tyrosinol residue at their C-terminus.The majority of peptaibiotics sequenced are 18-or 19-residue peptaibols.Structural homologies with‘classical representatives’of subfamily 1(SF1)-peptaibiotics argue for the formation of transmembrane ion channels,which are prone to facilitate the producer capture and defence of its substratum.展开更多
Peptaibiotics are linear or cyclic peptide antibiotics characterized by the non-proteinogenic amino acid,alpha-aminoisobutyric acid.They exhibit a wide range of bioactivity against various pathogens.This report presen...Peptaibiotics are linear or cyclic peptide antibiotics characterized by the non-proteinogenic amino acid,alpha-aminoisobutyric acid.They exhibit a wide range of bioactivity against various pathogens.This report presents a comprehensive review of analytical methods for Trichoderma cultivation,production,isolation,screening,pu-rification,and characterization of peptaibiotics,along with their bioactivity.Numerous techniques are currently available for each step,and we focus on describing the most commonly used and recently developed chromato-graphic and spectroscopic techniques.Investigating peptaibiotics requires efficient culture media,growth con-ditions,and isolation and purification techniques.The combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic tools offers a better opportunity for characterizing and identifying peptaibiotics.The evaluation of the chemical and biological properties of this compound has also been explored concerning its potential application in pharma-ceutical and other industries.This review aims to summarize available data on the techniques and tools used to screen and purify peptaibiotics from Trichoderma fungi and bioactivity against various pathogens.展开更多
基金supported by the Hessian Ministry for Science and Art by a grant from the LOEWE-Schwerpunkt‘Insect Biotechnology’to Andreas Vilcinskasthe grant from the Danish Research Council(FI 2136-08-0023)for the maXis QTOF system+1 种基金MYCORED(EC KBBE-2007-222690-2)for supporting Anita Iversenthe support by the Austrian Science Fund(project P22081-B17).
文摘Approximately 950 individual sequences of nonribosomally biosynthesised peptides are produced by the genus Trichoderma/Hypocreathat belong to a perpetually growing class of mostly linear antibiotic oligopeptides,which are rich in the non-proteinogenic α-aminoisobutyric acid(Aib).Thus,they are comprehensively named peptaibiotics.Notably,peptaibiotics represent ca.80% of the total inventory of secondarymetabolites currently known from Trichoderma/Hypocrea.Their unique membrane-modifying bioactivity results from amphipathicity and helicity,thus making them ideal candidates in assisting both colonisation and defence of the natural habitats by their fungal producers.Despite this,reports on the in vivo-detection of peptaibiotics have scarcely been published in the past.In order to evaluate the significance of peptaibiotic production for a broader range of potential producers,we screened nine specimens belonging to seven hitherto uninvestigated fungicolous or saprotrophic Trichoderma/Hypocrea species by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry.Sequences of peptaibiotics found were independently confirmed by analysing the peptaibiome of pure agar cultures obtained by single-ascospore isolation from the specimens.Of the nine species examined,five were screened positive for peptaibiotics.A total of 78 peptaibiotics were sequenced,56(=72%)of which are new.Notably,dihydroxyphenylalaninol and O-prenylated tyrosinol,two C-terminal residues,which have not been reported for peptaibiotics before,were found as well as new and recurrent sequences carrying the recently described tyrosinol residue at their C-terminus.The majority of peptaibiotics sequenced are 18-or 19-residue peptaibols.Structural homologies with‘classical representatives’of subfamily 1(SF1)-peptaibiotics argue for the formation of transmembrane ion channels,which are prone to facilitate the producer capture and defence of its substratum.
文摘Peptaibiotics are linear or cyclic peptide antibiotics characterized by the non-proteinogenic amino acid,alpha-aminoisobutyric acid.They exhibit a wide range of bioactivity against various pathogens.This report presents a comprehensive review of analytical methods for Trichoderma cultivation,production,isolation,screening,pu-rification,and characterization of peptaibiotics,along with their bioactivity.Numerous techniques are currently available for each step,and we focus on describing the most commonly used and recently developed chromato-graphic and spectroscopic techniques.Investigating peptaibiotics requires efficient culture media,growth con-ditions,and isolation and purification techniques.The combination of chromatographic and spectroscopic tools offers a better opportunity for characterizing and identifying peptaibiotics.The evaluation of the chemical and biological properties of this compound has also been explored concerning its potential application in pharma-ceutical and other industries.This review aims to summarize available data on the techniques and tools used to screen and purify peptaibiotics from Trichoderma fungi and bioactivity against various pathogens.
