Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's ...Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.展开更多
Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene famil...Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development,which is crucial to the identity of flower organs.However,the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear.In this study,nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper.Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs,albeit with varying expression patterns.The CaYABBY5 gene,uniquely expressed in petals and carpels,has been demonstrated to modulate floral organ determinacy and fruit shape through gene silencing in pepper and ectopic expression in tomato.Protein interaction analysis revealed an interacting protein SEPALLATA3-like protein(SEP3),exhibiting a similar expression profile to CaYABBY5.These findings suggest that CaYABBY5 may modulate the morphogenesis of floral organs and fruits by interacting with CaSEP3.This study provided valuable insights into the classification and function of CaYABBY genes in pepper.展开更多
Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and n...Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to an...[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper plants treated with four different HA proportions.[Results]Pepper seedlings exhibited optimal growth in the 6:4(w/w)HA substrate.Bacterial structure and composition varied with the HA proportion.The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum(ranging from 48.37%to 60.40%)was the highest across all treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that certain bacterial communities were closely related to the availability of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities.[Conclusions]This study elucidates the impact of HA proportion on rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant growth,laying a foundation for understanding the application of different mixed substrates and their effects on soil microbiology.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper grou...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper group,medium-dose chili pepper group,and low-dose chili pepper group.Chili pepper aqueous solution was administered by gavage for three months.One day after the last administration,serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected to measure the concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 in serum,and PCT in cerebrospinal fluid.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose chili pepper groups showed significant increases in hs-CRP,IL-6,and PCT levels(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Different doses of chili pepper exerted varying effects on inflammatory factors in rats.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyi...[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyin 1’as experimental materials,five soil temperature gradients(25,30,35,40,and 45℃)were established.After a 96 d cultivation,soil nutrient content and soil microbial functional diversity were measured to elucidate the impact of high soil temperature on the soil microenvironment.[Results]As soil temperature increased,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium generally showed a decreasing trend.However,under the 45℃ treatment,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were the highest among all treatments,although the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly lower compared to the other treatments.BIOLOG analysis revealed that with increasing soil temperature,the average soil microbial absorbance value and the Shannon diversity index decreased significantly.In contrast,the Shannon evenness index and the Simpson dominance index showed no significant differences across the different temperature treatments.This indicates that as soil temperature rises,the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbial community decreases,leading to reduced overall carbon metabolic activity and microbial functional diversity,while the dominant microbial populations remained unchanged during this process.Principal component analysis further confirmed effective separation among the different temperature treatments,suggesting that high soil stress significantly altered the structure of the soil microbial community.[Conclusions]In practical production,appropriate measures should be taken to decrease soil temperature to create a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment and thereby promote crop growth.展开更多
The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“...The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.展开更多
To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of...To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of the autophagy related protein(ATG) CaATG8c, a core component in autophagy. However, the involvement of CaBBX9 in both autophagy and heat tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the interaction between CaBBX9 and CaATG8c and defined the interaction regions of CaBBX9 as CONSTANS, CONSTANS-Like, and TOC1(CCT) domain and the fragment region. The expression of CaBBX9 can be induced by heat treatment. CaBBX9 is co-localized with CaATG8c in the nucleus and exhibits a transcriptional activity. When the expression of CaBBX9 is silenced, the heat tolerance of pepper is enhanced, shown by the decrement of MDA content, H2O2and dead cells accumulation, and relative electrolyte leakage, along with the increment of chlorophyll content and expression level of heat-tolerance-related genes. Overexpression of CaBBX9 in tomatoes displays the opposite effects. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaBBX9 negatively regulates the heat tolerance of peppers by exacerbating oxidative damage and inhibiting the expression of heat-related genes. Our findings provide a new clue for guiding crop breeding for pepper tolerance to heat stress.展开更多
Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pe...Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pepper fruit cracking are still unclear.Thus,in this study,we analyzed the physiological changes(pectin,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents)in two parental lines at different fruit developmental stages.Additionally,we constructed a linkage map with 12 linkage groups covering 2041.9 cM utilizing 106 simple sequence repeats(SSRs),and insertion/deletion(InDel)markers.We obtained a novel QTL,fc1.1,explained 23.36%of the phenotypic variation in the fruit cracking genotype,and the genetic distance was 7.99 c M,covering 136 predicted genes.The fc1.1 region contains one potential candidate gene,Capana01g001333(CaGAUT1),involved in pectin anabolism.The real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and cluster analysis confirmed that CaGAUT1 is a functional resistance gene for pepper fruit cracking.Our study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms for pepper fruit cracking.展开更多
Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging res...Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging research continues to shed light on their functional roles.However,information on the MAP4K gene family in pepper(Capsicum annuum)is still limited.In this study,seven putative MAP4K genes(designated as CaMAP4K1–Ca MAP4K7)were identified from the pepper genome,each containing a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain.These genes were differentially expressed across various pepper organs,with CaMAP4K3 exhibiting consistently high expression in all organs and significant induction under drought stress.Kinase assays revealed that CaMAP4K3 is an active kinase whose activity is enhanced by drought and salt stress.Functional studies showed that silencing CaMAP4K3 enhanced drought resistance in pepper plants,reducing transpirational water loss and increasing leaf temperatures.Conversely,CaMAP4K3 overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced drought tolerance,as evidenced by increased wilting and transpirational water loss.Additionally,CaMAP4K3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA)during seed germination and seedling growth.Collectively,these results suggest that CaMAP4K3 impairs drought resistance in pepper plants and potentially affects seed germination and seedling growth through the regulation of ABA signaling.展开更多
Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domest...Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.展开更多
基金funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR)project“AGB-2018-175:Enhancing smallholder livelihoods in the Central Highlands of Viet Nam through improving the sustainability of coffee and black pepper farming systems and value chains”and Deakin University.
文摘Monoculture and intensive fertiliser use in the cultivation of Robusta coffee(Coffea canephora var.Robusta)and black pepper(Piper nigrum L.)have led to soil degradation and increased disease pressure in Vietnam's Central Highlands.To identify key factors driving soilborne diseases and threatening sustainable production,a soil and root survey was conducted across three provinces:Gia Lai,Dak Lak,and Dak Nong.Soils were characterised by high clay content(51.2-62.0%),moderate silt(35.5-46.0%),and low sand(2.5-2.8%),with a notably low cation exchange capacity(7.72-8.04 cmol_(c) kg^(−1)).The soils were strongly acidic,with average pH values of 4.51 in coffee farms and 5.45 in pepper farms.Despite sufficient levels of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),and potassium(K),soilborne pathogens were widespread.Fusarium spp.were detected in all samples,Phytophthora spp.in 64-76%of black pepper farms,and plant-parasitic nematodes in 67-84%of farms,with Meloidogyne spp.predominant.Fusarium density increased with soil acidity in coffee plantations.In coffee,nematode density was positively correlated with N input,while in black pepper,N was negatively correlated with Phytophthora.Organic matter and available K were negatively associated with Fusarium in coffee but positively with Phytophthora in black pepper.These findings underscore the need for integrated management of nutrients and pathogens to sustain perennial crop production in the region.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300702)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2024RC3189)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2024JJ4023)。
文摘Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development,which is crucial to the identity of flower organs.However,the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear.In this study,nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper.Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs,albeit with varying expression patterns.The CaYABBY5 gene,uniquely expressed in petals and carpels,has been demonstrated to modulate floral organ determinacy and fruit shape through gene silencing in pepper and ectopic expression in tomato.Protein interaction analysis revealed an interacting protein SEPALLATA3-like protein(SEP3),exhibiting a similar expression profile to CaYABBY5.These findings suggest that CaYABBY5 may modulate the morphogenesis of floral organs and fruits by interacting with CaSEP3.This study provided valuable insights into the classification and function of CaYABBY genes in pepper.
文摘Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper plants treated with four different HA proportions.[Results]Pepper seedlings exhibited optimal growth in the 6:4(w/w)HA substrate.Bacterial structure and composition varied with the HA proportion.The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum(ranging from 48.37%to 60.40%)was the highest across all treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that certain bacterial communities were closely related to the availability of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities.[Conclusions]This study elucidates the impact of HA proportion on rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant growth,laying a foundation for understanding the application of different mixed substrates and their effects on soil microbiology.
基金Supported by 2019 Mongolian Pharmacy"First-Class Discipline"Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(myxy1xkky2019-17).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper group,medium-dose chili pepper group,and low-dose chili pepper group.Chili pepper aqueous solution was administered by gavage for three months.One day after the last administration,serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected to measure the concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 in serum,and PCT in cerebrospinal fluid.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose chili pepper groups showed significant increases in hs-CRP,IL-6,and PCT levels(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Different doses of chili pepper exerted varying effects on inflammatory factors in rats.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(320MS108)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of the National Center for Tropical Agricultural Science,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(CATASCXTD202303)Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,or Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops(2019xys007).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyin 1’as experimental materials,five soil temperature gradients(25,30,35,40,and 45℃)were established.After a 96 d cultivation,soil nutrient content and soil microbial functional diversity were measured to elucidate the impact of high soil temperature on the soil microenvironment.[Results]As soil temperature increased,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium generally showed a decreasing trend.However,under the 45℃ treatment,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were the highest among all treatments,although the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly lower compared to the other treatments.BIOLOG analysis revealed that with increasing soil temperature,the average soil microbial absorbance value and the Shannon diversity index decreased significantly.In contrast,the Shannon evenness index and the Simpson dominance index showed no significant differences across the different temperature treatments.This indicates that as soil temperature rises,the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbial community decreases,leading to reduced overall carbon metabolic activity and microbial functional diversity,while the dominant microbial populations remained unchanged during this process.Principal component analysis further confirmed effective separation among the different temperature treatments,suggesting that high soil stress significantly altered the structure of the soil microbial community.[Conclusions]In practical production,appropriate measures should be taken to decrease soil temperature to create a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment and thereby promote crop growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2IA20230)the Guangdong Modern Vegetable Industry Technology System Project(2024CXTD08)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010403)the Xizang Autonomous Region of Lhasa City Science and Technology Project(LSKJ202418)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Selection and Breeding of New High-Yielding and High-Quality Pepper Varieties)(2024-NPY-00-020).
文摘The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172552, 31572114)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS23-G22)。
文摘To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of the autophagy related protein(ATG) CaATG8c, a core component in autophagy. However, the involvement of CaBBX9 in both autophagy and heat tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the interaction between CaBBX9 and CaATG8c and defined the interaction regions of CaBBX9 as CONSTANS, CONSTANS-Like, and TOC1(CCT) domain and the fragment region. The expression of CaBBX9 can be induced by heat treatment. CaBBX9 is co-localized with CaATG8c in the nucleus and exhibits a transcriptional activity. When the expression of CaBBX9 is silenced, the heat tolerance of pepper is enhanced, shown by the decrement of MDA content, H2O2and dead cells accumulation, and relative electrolyte leakage, along with the increment of chlorophyll content and expression level of heat-tolerance-related genes. Overexpression of CaBBX9 in tomatoes displays the opposite effects. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaBBX9 negatively regulates the heat tolerance of peppers by exacerbating oxidative damage and inhibiting the expression of heat-related genes. Our findings provide a new clue for guiding crop breeding for pepper tolerance to heat stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31772309,31860556 and32460757)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFD0101900)。
文摘Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pepper fruit cracking are still unclear.Thus,in this study,we analyzed the physiological changes(pectin,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents)in two parental lines at different fruit developmental stages.Additionally,we constructed a linkage map with 12 linkage groups covering 2041.9 cM utilizing 106 simple sequence repeats(SSRs),and insertion/deletion(InDel)markers.We obtained a novel QTL,fc1.1,explained 23.36%of the phenotypic variation in the fruit cracking genotype,and the genetic distance was 7.99 c M,covering 136 predicted genes.The fc1.1 region contains one potential candidate gene,Capana01g001333(CaGAUT1),involved in pectin anabolism.The real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and cluster analysis confirmed that CaGAUT1 is a functional resistance gene for pepper fruit cracking.Our study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms for pepper fruit cracking.
基金supported by a grant from the Agriculture&Technology Development(RS-2024-00322140)the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government,Republic of Korea(RS-2024-00343006)。
文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging research continues to shed light on their functional roles.However,information on the MAP4K gene family in pepper(Capsicum annuum)is still limited.In this study,seven putative MAP4K genes(designated as CaMAP4K1–Ca MAP4K7)were identified from the pepper genome,each containing a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain.These genes were differentially expressed across various pepper organs,with CaMAP4K3 exhibiting consistently high expression in all organs and significant induction under drought stress.Kinase assays revealed that CaMAP4K3 is an active kinase whose activity is enhanced by drought and salt stress.Functional studies showed that silencing CaMAP4K3 enhanced drought resistance in pepper plants,reducing transpirational water loss and increasing leaf temperatures.Conversely,CaMAP4K3 overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced drought tolerance,as evidenced by increased wilting and transpirational water loss.Additionally,CaMAP4K3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA)during seed germination and seedling growth.Collectively,these results suggest that CaMAP4K3 impairs drought resistance in pepper plants and potentially affects seed germination and seedling growth through the regulation of ABA signaling.
文摘Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.
