Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and n...Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to an...[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper plants treated with four different HA proportions.[Results]Pepper seedlings exhibited optimal growth in the 6:4(w/w)HA substrate.Bacterial structure and composition varied with the HA proportion.The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum(ranging from 48.37%to 60.40%)was the highest across all treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that certain bacterial communities were closely related to the availability of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities.[Conclusions]This study elucidates the impact of HA proportion on rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant growth,laying a foundation for understanding the application of different mixed substrates and their effects on soil microbiology.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper grou...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper group,medium-dose chili pepper group,and low-dose chili pepper group.Chili pepper aqueous solution was administered by gavage for three months.One day after the last administration,serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected to measure the concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 in serum,and PCT in cerebrospinal fluid.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose chili pepper groups showed significant increases in hs-CRP,IL-6,and PCT levels(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Different doses of chili pepper exerted varying effects on inflammatory factors in rats.展开更多
The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“...The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.展开更多
To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of...To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of the autophagy related protein(ATG) CaATG8c, a core component in autophagy. However, the involvement of CaBBX9 in both autophagy and heat tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the interaction between CaBBX9 and CaATG8c and defined the interaction regions of CaBBX9 as CONSTANS, CONSTANS-Like, and TOC1(CCT) domain and the fragment region. The expression of CaBBX9 can be induced by heat treatment. CaBBX9 is co-localized with CaATG8c in the nucleus and exhibits a transcriptional activity. When the expression of CaBBX9 is silenced, the heat tolerance of pepper is enhanced, shown by the decrement of MDA content, H2O2and dead cells accumulation, and relative electrolyte leakage, along with the increment of chlorophyll content and expression level of heat-tolerance-related genes. Overexpression of CaBBX9 in tomatoes displays the opposite effects. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaBBX9 negatively regulates the heat tolerance of peppers by exacerbating oxidative damage and inhibiting the expression of heat-related genes. Our findings provide a new clue for guiding crop breeding for pepper tolerance to heat stress.展开更多
Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging res...Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging research continues to shed light on their functional roles.However,information on the MAP4K gene family in pepper(Capsicum annuum)is still limited.In this study,seven putative MAP4K genes(designated as CaMAP4K1–Ca MAP4K7)were identified from the pepper genome,each containing a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain.These genes were differentially expressed across various pepper organs,with CaMAP4K3 exhibiting consistently high expression in all organs and significant induction under drought stress.Kinase assays revealed that CaMAP4K3 is an active kinase whose activity is enhanced by drought and salt stress.Functional studies showed that silencing CaMAP4K3 enhanced drought resistance in pepper plants,reducing transpirational water loss and increasing leaf temperatures.Conversely,CaMAP4K3 overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced drought tolerance,as evidenced by increased wilting and transpirational water loss.Additionally,CaMAP4K3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA)during seed germination and seedling growth.Collectively,these results suggest that CaMAP4K3 impairs drought resistance in pepper plants and potentially affects seed germination and seedling growth through the regulation of ABA signaling.展开更多
Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pe...Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pepper fruit cracking are still unclear.Thus,in this study,we analyzed the physiological changes(pectin,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents)in two parental lines at different fruit developmental stages.Additionally,we constructed a linkage map with 12 linkage groups covering 2041.9 cM utilizing 106 simple sequence repeats(SSRs),and insertion/deletion(InDel)markers.We obtained a novel QTL,fc1.1,explained 23.36%of the phenotypic variation in the fruit cracking genotype,and the genetic distance was 7.99 c M,covering 136 predicted genes.The fc1.1 region contains one potential candidate gene,Capana01g001333(CaGAUT1),involved in pectin anabolism.The real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and cluster analysis confirmed that CaGAUT1 is a functional resistance gene for pepper fruit cracking.Our study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms for pepper fruit cracking.展开更多
Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene famil...Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development,which is crucial to the identity of flower organs.However,the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear.In this study,nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper.Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs,albeit with varying expression patterns.The CaYABBY5 gene,uniquely expressed in petals and carpels,has been demonstrated to modulate floral organ determinacy and fruit shape through gene silencing in pepper and ectopic expression in tomato.Protein interaction analysis revealed an interacting protein SEPALLATA3-like protein(SEP3),exhibiting a similar expression profile to CaYABBY5.These findings suggest that CaYABBY5 may modulate the morphogenesis of floral organs and fruits by interacting with CaSEP3.This study provided valuable insights into the classification and function of CaYABBY genes in pepper.展开更多
Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domest...Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.展开更多
This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of...This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of the most important environmental factors that restrict plant growth and yield. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable commercial crop, highly sensitive to CS. Thus, identifying an efficient strategy to mitigate cold damage is critical for long-term pepper production. For this purpose, the roots of pepper seedlings were pretreated with ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) and exposed to CS for 7 d. The results indicated that CS suppressed pepper growth, hampered photosynthetic capacity, and damaged root architecture in pepper plants. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte leakage(EL), proline, and soluble sugars were enhanced in plants under CS. ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) pretreatment reduced the negative effects of CS by recovering plant growth, root traits, gas exchange elements, and pigment molecules compared to CS control treatment. Furthermore, ME application efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-)), EL, and MDA] while increasing proline and soluble sugar content in pepper leaves. ME application combined with CS further increased antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression. Collectively, our results confirmed the mitigating potential of ME supplementation for CS by maintaining pepper seedling growth,improving the photosynthesis apparatus, regulating pigments, and osmolyte content.展开更多
Plant basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)play central roles in various abiotic stresses.However,its role in plant cold resistance is largely unknown.Previously,we characterised CaNAC035 in pepper,wh...Plant basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)play central roles in various abiotic stresses.However,its role in plant cold resistance is largely unknown.Previously,we characterised CaNAC035 in pepper,which positively regulates tolerance to cold,salt and drought stresses tolerance.Here,we identified CabHLH035,a CaNAC035-interacting protein in pepper.To explore its functions in cold stress tolerance,we silenced the gene in pepper via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis.The results showed that CabHLH035 expression was induced by cold treatment,and silencing of CabHLH035 decreased cold stress tolerance.Conversely,overexpression of CabHLH035 in Arabidopsis increased cold stress tolerance.To investigate homologs genes of C-repeat binding factor(CBF)pathway proteins and reactive oxygen species(ROS)marker gene expression blocking by CabHLH035,we performed yeast one-hybrid(Y1H),dual luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments.The results showed that CabHLH035 bound to the region upstream of the CaCBF1A and CaAPX promoters.Additionally,CaCBF1A bound to the CaDHN4 promoter.Taken together,our results showed that CabHLH035 plays a crucial role in cold stress tolerance and its potential as a target for breeding cold-resistant crops.The findings provide a basis for studying the functions and regulatory network of cold stress tolerance in pepper.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-...A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T1),inactivated full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T2),conventional fertilizer(T3),and no fertilizer(CK).The results showed that T1 significantly increased the plant height,crown width,fruit number per plant,and yield of pepper.T1 had higher pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil than T3 and CK,and it had higher available phosphorus and available potassium than T2.The disease index of bacterial wilt in T1 was 21.74,which was 10.37,20.19,and 35.48 lower than T2,T3,and CK,respectively.The control effect of T1 reached 56.71%.The above results indicated that whole bio-organic fertilizer promoted the growth to improve the yield and benefit of pepper.Moreover,the fertilizer activated soil nutrients to improve soil fertility and reduced soil-borne diseases.Therefore,the full-element bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted in the pepper fields with continuous cropping obstacles.展开更多
Globally,salinity is a brutal environmental constraint that poses a major threat to agriculture worldwide,causing nutrient imbalances and oxidative stress,leading to reduced crop yields and quality.Date palm waste fro...Globally,salinity is a brutal environmental constraint that poses a major threat to agriculture worldwide,causing nutrient imbalances and oxidative stress,leading to reduced crop yields and quality.Date palm waste from the agro-industry is a major environmental problem,but its conversion to biochar for soil amendment could help alleviate the effects of salinity stress.Pepper is a commonly grown horticultural crop that is sensitive to salinity.That’s why the current experiment was conducted with the novel idea of exploring the potential use of biochar-based fertilizer derived from date palm waste as a mitigation strategy for salinity-related problems in pepper.The study was conducted as a pot experiment in a growth chamber under controlled conditions.The experiment con-sisted of four treatment groups:Control(no salinity stress);BM350E(biochar application only);NaCl(salinity stress without biochar application);BM350E+NaCl(combined biochar and salinity stress application).The soil was amended with biochar at a concentration of 3 g kg^(-1) soil and pepper seedlings were exposed to salinity stress with 150 mM NaCl for seven days.The morphological,biochemical,and physiological responses were then eval-uated.The use of BM350E biochar significantly improved plant growth under saline conditions,increasing shoot fresh weight by 9.41%,root fresh weight by 15.32%,shoot length by 5.22%,and root length by 12.57%.It also increased chlorophyll a(Chl.a)by 8.28%,chlorophyll b(Chl.b)by 80.20%,and carotenoids(Car)by 52.43%while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.In conclusion,BM350E biochar has the potential to effectively mitigate the negative effects of salinity on pepper growth.展开更多
Mycotoxins exist widely in food and have a serious impact on human health.At present,most detection methods of mycotoxins are costly and time-consuming.Most of these methods are aimed at detecting a single type of myc...Mycotoxins exist widely in food and have a serious impact on human health.At present,most detection methods of mycotoxins are costly and time-consuming.Most of these methods are aimed at detecting a single type of mycotoxin,and the efficiency is not high.On this basis,in this study,QuEChERS-deep eutectic solvent liquid-liquid microextraction was applied to extract and enrich 14 mycotoxins in chili peppers from the concept of green chemistry.A simple,time-consuming and environment-friendly multi-flux pretreatment method was established,and 100 chili pepper samples were randomly sampled from farmers'markets and supermarkets in major urban areas of Guizhou Province for detection,and risk assessment was carried out according to the detection results.展开更多
Microorganisms are omnipresent in all environments and play mainly the role of transformers, thanks to the multiple enzymes they are able to produce. In order to valorize fermented foods in the Republic of the Congo, ...Microorganisms are omnipresent in all environments and play mainly the role of transformers, thanks to the multiple enzymes they are able to produce. In order to valorize fermented foods in the Republic of the Congo, this work aimed to characterize and study some properties of microorganisms isolated from samples of peppers sold in three markets of Brazzaville. A numeration of the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) was made in a solid medium, allowing the evaluation of each sample’s microbial concentration. The microbial mass varied from 2.8 × 105 CFU/g for the Ouénzé sample to 1.8 × 104 CFU/g for the Total sample and 2 × 104 CFU/g for the Moungali market sample. The evaluation of the enzymatic properties of the Bacillus isolates showed that 68.42% were capable of producing cellulases and 78.94% were capable of producing amylases and proteases. Antimicrobial activities revealed that 63.15% of the isolates were able to secrete inhibitory substances against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular analysis by PCR amplification, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and BLAST bioinformatics analysis provides newly identified bacteria strains with new accession numbers in GenBank: Bacillus thuringiensis MBCBR322 (OP474008), Bacillus megaterium MBCBJ1822 (OP476493), Bacillus thuringiensis MBCBR222 (OP476494), Priestia megaterium MBCBJ2022 (OP476495) and Lactobacillus paraplantarum MBCBR1522 (OP476496). Multiple sequences alignment of identified sequences with their homologs of GenBank has shown high similarities. The phylogenetic inference assay has provided the two groups of strains observed in this study, and the two groups are very coherent with the phylogeny of the reference.展开更多
In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of ext...In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei ho...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei hot pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.）as the experimental material,we studied the fertilization effect and environment-protecting effect of SCRF.[Result] The result showed that SCRF could improve the agronomic characteristics of hot pepper.Compared to singly applied common fertilizers,SCRF increased economic yield by 20.90% and economic benefit by 13 234.35 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 47.93%.In comparison with common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate,SCRF increased economic yield by 5.26% and economic benefit by 5 554.80 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 9.91%.Under the reduced use of SCRF by 20%,SCRF increased economic yield by 12.38% and economic benefit by 9595.20 Yuan/hm2 compared with singly applied common fertilizers,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 65.95%.SCRF improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies by 12.42-17.53,3.35-5.24 and 5.37-14.02 percents respectively.[Conclusion] As the result of much reduced N and P application rates,SCRF would significantly economize fertilizer resources and minimize the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer nutrients,which is of practical importance for environment protection.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Re...[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-res...Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-resistant pepper. [ Method ] With 110 pigment pepper seeds as the materials, their germination vigor under optimum temperature and suboptimal temperature were determined by means of roll rapid germination, and seeds with different genetic types were evaluated from aspects of germination vigor and its interval division. [ Result ] 37 pepper seeds with stronger low temperature resistance were screened. [ Conclusion]This study provides an important basis for screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources.展开更多
文摘Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper plants treated with four different HA proportions.[Results]Pepper seedlings exhibited optimal growth in the 6:4(w/w)HA substrate.Bacterial structure and composition varied with the HA proportion.The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum(ranging from 48.37%to 60.40%)was the highest across all treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that certain bacterial communities were closely related to the availability of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities.[Conclusions]This study elucidates the impact of HA proportion on rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant growth,laying a foundation for understanding the application of different mixed substrates and their effects on soil microbiology.
基金Supported by 2019 Mongolian Pharmacy"First-Class Discipline"Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(myxy1xkky2019-17).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper group,medium-dose chili pepper group,and low-dose chili pepper group.Chili pepper aqueous solution was administered by gavage for three months.One day after the last administration,serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected to measure the concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 in serum,and PCT in cerebrospinal fluid.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose chili pepper groups showed significant increases in hs-CRP,IL-6,and PCT levels(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Different doses of chili pepper exerted varying effects on inflammatory factors in rats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2IA20230)the Guangdong Modern Vegetable Industry Technology System Project(2024CXTD08)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010403)the Xizang Autonomous Region of Lhasa City Science and Technology Project(LSKJ202418)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Selection and Breeding of New High-Yielding and High-Quality Pepper Varieties)(2024-NPY-00-020).
文摘The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172552, 31572114)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS23-G22)。
文摘To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of the autophagy related protein(ATG) CaATG8c, a core component in autophagy. However, the involvement of CaBBX9 in both autophagy and heat tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the interaction between CaBBX9 and CaATG8c and defined the interaction regions of CaBBX9 as CONSTANS, CONSTANS-Like, and TOC1(CCT) domain and the fragment region. The expression of CaBBX9 can be induced by heat treatment. CaBBX9 is co-localized with CaATG8c in the nucleus and exhibits a transcriptional activity. When the expression of CaBBX9 is silenced, the heat tolerance of pepper is enhanced, shown by the decrement of MDA content, H2O2and dead cells accumulation, and relative electrolyte leakage, along with the increment of chlorophyll content and expression level of heat-tolerance-related genes. Overexpression of CaBBX9 in tomatoes displays the opposite effects. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaBBX9 negatively regulates the heat tolerance of peppers by exacerbating oxidative damage and inhibiting the expression of heat-related genes. Our findings provide a new clue for guiding crop breeding for pepper tolerance to heat stress.
基金supported by a grant from the Agriculture&Technology Development(RS-2024-00322140)the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government,Republic of Korea(RS-2024-00343006)。
文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging research continues to shed light on their functional roles.However,information on the MAP4K gene family in pepper(Capsicum annuum)is still limited.In this study,seven putative MAP4K genes(designated as CaMAP4K1–Ca MAP4K7)were identified from the pepper genome,each containing a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain.These genes were differentially expressed across various pepper organs,with CaMAP4K3 exhibiting consistently high expression in all organs and significant induction under drought stress.Kinase assays revealed that CaMAP4K3 is an active kinase whose activity is enhanced by drought and salt stress.Functional studies showed that silencing CaMAP4K3 enhanced drought resistance in pepper plants,reducing transpirational water loss and increasing leaf temperatures.Conversely,CaMAP4K3 overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced drought tolerance,as evidenced by increased wilting and transpirational water loss.Additionally,CaMAP4K3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA)during seed germination and seedling growth.Collectively,these results suggest that CaMAP4K3 impairs drought resistance in pepper plants and potentially affects seed germination and seedling growth through the regulation of ABA signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31772309,31860556 and32460757)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFD0101900)。
文摘Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pepper fruit cracking are still unclear.Thus,in this study,we analyzed the physiological changes(pectin,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents)in two parental lines at different fruit developmental stages.Additionally,we constructed a linkage map with 12 linkage groups covering 2041.9 cM utilizing 106 simple sequence repeats(SSRs),and insertion/deletion(InDel)markers.We obtained a novel QTL,fc1.1,explained 23.36%of the phenotypic variation in the fruit cracking genotype,and the genetic distance was 7.99 c M,covering 136 predicted genes.The fc1.1 region contains one potential candidate gene,Capana01g001333(CaGAUT1),involved in pectin anabolism.The real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and cluster analysis confirmed that CaGAUT1 is a functional resistance gene for pepper fruit cracking.Our study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms for pepper fruit cracking.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300702)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2024RC3189)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2024JJ4023)。
文摘Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development,which is crucial to the identity of flower organs.However,the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear.In this study,nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper.Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs,albeit with varying expression patterns.The CaYABBY5 gene,uniquely expressed in petals and carpels,has been demonstrated to modulate floral organ determinacy and fruit shape through gene silencing in pepper and ectopic expression in tomato.Protein interaction analysis revealed an interacting protein SEPALLATA3-like protein(SEP3),exhibiting a similar expression profile to CaYABBY5.These findings suggest that CaYABBY5 may modulate the morphogenesis of floral organs and fruits by interacting with CaSEP3.This study provided valuable insights into the classification and function of CaYABBY genes in pepper.
文摘Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Plan of Hainan Province (Grant No.ZDKJ2021010),ChinaNational Key Research and Development Program,(Grant No.2018YFD1000800) Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.31660091),China。
文摘This study assessed the influence of exogenous ME in the mitigation of cold damage in pepper seedlings. Melatonin(ME) is a dynamic molecule that helps plants cope with stress in several ways. Cold stress(CS) is one of the most important environmental factors that restrict plant growth and yield. Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) is a valuable commercial crop, highly sensitive to CS. Thus, identifying an efficient strategy to mitigate cold damage is critical for long-term pepper production. For this purpose, the roots of pepper seedlings were pretreated with ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) and exposed to CS for 7 d. The results indicated that CS suppressed pepper growth, hampered photosynthetic capacity, and damaged root architecture in pepper plants. In contrast, the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), malondialdehyde(MDA), electrolyte leakage(EL), proline, and soluble sugars were enhanced in plants under CS. ME(5 μmol · L^(-1)) pretreatment reduced the negative effects of CS by recovering plant growth, root traits, gas exchange elements, and pigment molecules compared to CS control treatment. Furthermore, ME application efficiently reduced oxidative stress markers [hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)), superoxide ion(O_(2)^(·-)), EL, and MDA] while increasing proline and soluble sugar content in pepper leaves. ME application combined with CS further increased antioxidant enzymes and related gene expression. Collectively, our results confirmed the mitigating potential of ME supplementation for CS by maintaining pepper seedling growth,improving the photosynthesis apparatus, regulating pigments, and osmolyte content.
基金funded by the Scientific&Technological Innovative Research Team of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2021TD-34)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32172582,316721465)+1 种基金Agricultural Key Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2021NY-086)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2018JM3023).
文摘Plant basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factors(TFs)play central roles in various abiotic stresses.However,its role in plant cold resistance is largely unknown.Previously,we characterised CaNAC035 in pepper,which positively regulates tolerance to cold,salt and drought stresses tolerance.Here,we identified CabHLH035,a CaNAC035-interacting protein in pepper.To explore its functions in cold stress tolerance,we silenced the gene in pepper via virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)and overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis.The results showed that CabHLH035 expression was induced by cold treatment,and silencing of CabHLH035 decreased cold stress tolerance.Conversely,overexpression of CabHLH035 in Arabidopsis increased cold stress tolerance.To investigate homologs genes of C-repeat binding factor(CBF)pathway proteins and reactive oxygen species(ROS)marker gene expression blocking by CabHLH035,we performed yeast one-hybrid(Y1H),dual luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments.The results showed that CabHLH035 bound to the region upstream of the CaCBF1A and CaAPX promoters.Additionally,CaCBF1A bound to the CaDHN4 promoter.Taken together,our results showed that CabHLH035 plays a crucial role in cold stress tolerance and its potential as a target for breeding cold-resistant crops.The findings provide a basis for studying the functions and regulatory network of cold stress tolerance in pepper.
基金Supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China(32000047)Selecting the Best Candidates for Making Technological Breakthroughs in Hunan Province(2021NK1040)Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(kq2208130)。
文摘A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T1),inactivated full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T2),conventional fertilizer(T3),and no fertilizer(CK).The results showed that T1 significantly increased the plant height,crown width,fruit number per plant,and yield of pepper.T1 had higher pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil than T3 and CK,and it had higher available phosphorus and available potassium than T2.The disease index of bacterial wilt in T1 was 21.74,which was 10.37,20.19,and 35.48 lower than T2,T3,and CK,respectively.The control effect of T1 reached 56.71%.The above results indicated that whole bio-organic fertilizer promoted the growth to improve the yield and benefit of pepper.Moreover,the fertilizer activated soil nutrients to improve soil fertility and reduced soil-borne diseases.Therefore,the full-element bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted in the pepper fields with continuous cropping obstacles.
基金This research was financially supported by the National Agency of Agricultural Research of the Czech Republic(Project No.QK22020008)the Technological Agency of the Czech Republic(Project No.TQ03000234)the Ministry of Agriculture(CR),institutional support MZERO0123.
文摘Globally,salinity is a brutal environmental constraint that poses a major threat to agriculture worldwide,causing nutrient imbalances and oxidative stress,leading to reduced crop yields and quality.Date palm waste from the agro-industry is a major environmental problem,but its conversion to biochar for soil amendment could help alleviate the effects of salinity stress.Pepper is a commonly grown horticultural crop that is sensitive to salinity.That’s why the current experiment was conducted with the novel idea of exploring the potential use of biochar-based fertilizer derived from date palm waste as a mitigation strategy for salinity-related problems in pepper.The study was conducted as a pot experiment in a growth chamber under controlled conditions.The experiment con-sisted of four treatment groups:Control(no salinity stress);BM350E(biochar application only);NaCl(salinity stress without biochar application);BM350E+NaCl(combined biochar and salinity stress application).The soil was amended with biochar at a concentration of 3 g kg^(-1) soil and pepper seedlings were exposed to salinity stress with 150 mM NaCl for seven days.The morphological,biochemical,and physiological responses were then eval-uated.The use of BM350E biochar significantly improved plant growth under saline conditions,increasing shoot fresh weight by 9.41%,root fresh weight by 15.32%,shoot length by 5.22%,and root length by 12.57%.It also increased chlorophyll a(Chl.a)by 8.28%,chlorophyll b(Chl.b)by 80.20%,and carotenoids(Car)by 52.43%while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.In conclusion,BM350E biochar has the potential to effectively mitigate the negative effects of salinity on pepper growth.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province(QKHZC[2020]1Y167).
文摘Mycotoxins exist widely in food and have a serious impact on human health.At present,most detection methods of mycotoxins are costly and time-consuming.Most of these methods are aimed at detecting a single type of mycotoxin,and the efficiency is not high.On this basis,in this study,QuEChERS-deep eutectic solvent liquid-liquid microextraction was applied to extract and enrich 14 mycotoxins in chili peppers from the concept of green chemistry.A simple,time-consuming and environment-friendly multi-flux pretreatment method was established,and 100 chili pepper samples were randomly sampled from farmers'markets and supermarkets in major urban areas of Guizhou Province for detection,and risk assessment was carried out according to the detection results.
文摘Microorganisms are omnipresent in all environments and play mainly the role of transformers, thanks to the multiple enzymes they are able to produce. In order to valorize fermented foods in the Republic of the Congo, this work aimed to characterize and study some properties of microorganisms isolated from samples of peppers sold in three markets of Brazzaville. A numeration of the total aerobic mesophilic flora (TAMF) was made in a solid medium, allowing the evaluation of each sample’s microbial concentration. The microbial mass varied from 2.8 × 105 CFU/g for the Ouénzé sample to 1.8 × 104 CFU/g for the Total sample and 2 × 104 CFU/g for the Moungali market sample. The evaluation of the enzymatic properties of the Bacillus isolates showed that 68.42% were capable of producing cellulases and 78.94% were capable of producing amylases and proteases. Antimicrobial activities revealed that 63.15% of the isolates were able to secrete inhibitory substances against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular analysis by PCR amplification, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and BLAST bioinformatics analysis provides newly identified bacteria strains with new accession numbers in GenBank: Bacillus thuringiensis MBCBR322 (OP474008), Bacillus megaterium MBCBJ1822 (OP476493), Bacillus thuringiensis MBCBR222 (OP476494), Priestia megaterium MBCBJ2022 (OP476495) and Lactobacillus paraplantarum MBCBR1522 (OP476496). Multiple sequences alignment of identified sequences with their homologs of GenBank has shown high similarities. The phylogenetic inference assay has provided the two groups of strains observed in this study, and the two groups are very coherent with the phylogeny of the reference.
基金Supported by Changsha Science and Technology Program"Changsha Vegetable Science Popularization Base"Hunan High-tech Industry Science and Technology Innovation Leading Program"Innovation and Demonstration of Modern Green Building Aerial Ecological Courtyard Technology"(2022GK4065).
文摘In order to comply with the development trend of the multifunctional use of peppers,we conducted an investigation into the characteristics and features of varieties,potting management techniques,and the methods of extending the fruit ornamental period and other aspects of courtyard ornamental and edible peppers.A set of cultivation techniques suitable for courtyard ornamental and edible peppers has been developed,including timely sowing and seedling,nutrient soil preparation,water and fertilizer management,trimming and pruning,preservation of flowers and fruits,green prevention and control of diseases and pests,harvesting,and so on.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from Ministry of Agriculture(200903025-05)Fund from Kunming Municipal Science and Technology Committee(08S010201)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei hot pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.）as the experimental material,we studied the fertilization effect and environment-protecting effect of SCRF.[Result] The result showed that SCRF could improve the agronomic characteristics of hot pepper.Compared to singly applied common fertilizers,SCRF increased economic yield by 20.90% and economic benefit by 13 234.35 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 47.93%.In comparison with common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate,SCRF increased economic yield by 5.26% and economic benefit by 5 554.80 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 9.91%.Under the reduced use of SCRF by 20%,SCRF increased economic yield by 12.38% and economic benefit by 9595.20 Yuan/hm2 compared with singly applied common fertilizers,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 65.95%.SCRF improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies by 12.42-17.53,3.35-5.24 and 5.37-14.02 percents respectively.[Conclusion] As the result of much reduced N and P application rates,SCRF would significantly economize fertilizer resources and minimize the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer nutrients,which is of practical importance for environment protection.
基金Supported by Excellent Team Training Program of Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences(YAAS2014YY002)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program"Key Technology for male-sterile breeding of main vegetable cropsintegration and seed industrialization"(2008BADB1B04)SeedProject of Vegetable Germplasm and Breeding in Shandong Province"Start-up Funding of High-level Talents in Qingdao Agricultureuniversity"(630912)~~
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-resistant pepper. [ Method ] With 110 pigment pepper seeds as the materials, their germination vigor under optimum temperature and suboptimal temperature were determined by means of roll rapid germination, and seeds with different genetic types were evaluated from aspects of germination vigor and its interval division. [ Result ] 37 pepper seeds with stronger low temperature resistance were screened. [ Conclusion]This study provides an important basis for screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources.
