The characteristic of individual is described by the Penna model. Based oninformation entropy and the Penna model we define the entropy in the Penna modelto discuss common ancestors and genetic diversity for two repro...The characteristic of individual is described by the Penna model. Based oninformation entropy and the Penna model we define the entropy in the Penna modelto discuss common ancestors and genetic diversity for two reproduction modes withand without mutation. About the problem of common ancestor, we find that all livingindividuals at any time step have a set of common ancestors which belongs to differenttimes. They have the most recent common ancestor and earlier common ancestors.The analysis of genetic diversity shows that the complexity of ecosystems is caused bymutations and there is no contribution of sexual reproduction to conserving geneticdiversity at long time scales. Moreover, in stable environment genetic diversity inasexual reproduction mode is higher than that in the sexual case.展开更多
A deterministic model of an age-structured population with genetics analogous to the discrete time Penna model[1,2]of genetic evolution is constructed on the basis of the Lotka-Volterra scheme.It is shown that if,as i...A deterministic model of an age-structured population with genetics analogous to the discrete time Penna model[1,2]of genetic evolution is constructed on the basis of the Lotka-Volterra scheme.It is shown that if,as in the Penna model,genetic information is represented by the fraction of defective genes in the population,the population numbers for each specific individual’s age are represented by exactly the same functions of age in both models.This gives us a new possibility to consider multi-species evolution without using detailed microscopic Penna model.We discuss a particular case of the predator-prey system representing an ecosystem consisting of a limited amount of energy resources consumed by the age-structured species living in this ecosystem.Then,the increase in number of the individuals in the population under consideration depends on the available energy resources,the shape of the distribution function of defective genes in the population and the fertility age.We show that these parameters determine the trend toward equilibrium of the whole ecosystem.展开更多
文摘The characteristic of individual is described by the Penna model. Based oninformation entropy and the Penna model we define the entropy in the Penna modelto discuss common ancestors and genetic diversity for two reproduction modes withand without mutation. About the problem of common ancestor, we find that all livingindividuals at any time step have a set of common ancestors which belongs to differenttimes. They have the most recent common ancestor and earlier common ancestors.The analysis of genetic diversity shows that the complexity of ecosystems is caused bymutations and there is no contribution of sexual reproduction to conserving geneticdiversity at long time scales. Moreover, in stable environment genetic diversity inasexual reproduction mode is higher than that in the sexual case.
文摘A deterministic model of an age-structured population with genetics analogous to the discrete time Penna model[1,2]of genetic evolution is constructed on the basis of the Lotka-Volterra scheme.It is shown that if,as in the Penna model,genetic information is represented by the fraction of defective genes in the population,the population numbers for each specific individual’s age are represented by exactly the same functions of age in both models.This gives us a new possibility to consider multi-species evolution without using detailed microscopic Penna model.We discuss a particular case of the predator-prey system representing an ecosystem consisting of a limited amount of energy resources consumed by the age-structured species living in this ecosystem.Then,the increase in number of the individuals in the population under consideration depends on the available energy resources,the shape of the distribution function of defective genes in the population and the fertility age.We show that these parameters determine the trend toward equilibrium of the whole ecosystem.
