<strong>Introduction:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The true etiology of pelvic organ p...<strong>Introduction:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The true etiology of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence and variations observed among individuals are not entirely understood. Tactile (stress) and ultrasound (anatomy, strain) image fusion may furnish new insights into the female pelvic floor conditions. This study aimed to explore imaging performance and clinical value of vaginal tactile and ultrasound image fusion for characterization of the female pelvic floor. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A novel probe with 96 tactile and 192 ultrasound transducers was designed. Women scheduled for a urogynecological visit were considered eligible for enrollment to observational study. Intravaginal tactile and ultrasound images were acquired for vaginal wall deformations at probe insertion, elevation, rotation, Valsalva maneuver, voluntary contractions, involuntary relaxation, and reflex pelvic muscle contractions. Biomechanical mapping has included tactile/ultrasound imaging and functional imaging. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Twenty women were successfully studied with the probe. Tactile and ultrasound images for tissues deformation as well as functional images were recorded. Tactile (stress) and ultrasound (strain) images allowed creation of stress-strain maps for the tissues of interest in absolute scale. Functional images allowed identification of active pelvic structures and their biomechanical characterization (anatomical measurements, contractive mobility and strength). Fusion of the modalities has allowed recognition and characterization of levator ani muscles (pubococcygeal, puborectal, iliococcygeal), perineum, urethral and anorectal complexes critical in prolapse and/or incontinence development. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Vaginal tactile and ultrasound image fusion provides unique data for biomechanical characterization of the female pelvic floor. Bringing novel biomechanical characterization for critical soft tissues/structures may provide extended scientific knowledge and improve clinical practice.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
BACKGROUND Pelvic organ prolapse(POP)can lead to urinary incontinence,fecal incontinence,and other symptoms,affecting the quality of life,which results in anxiety and depression and other negative emotions in many pat...BACKGROUND Pelvic organ prolapse(POP)can lead to urinary incontinence,fecal incontinence,and other symptoms,affecting the quality of life,which results in anxiety and depression and other negative emotions in many patients.Trans-vaginal sacrospinous ligament suspension(VSSLS)involves securing the apex of the prolapsed vagina to the sacrospinous ligament to maintain the physiological axis of the vagina,help in repairing pelvic floor defects,and maintain the normal function of the pelvic floor,thereby alleviating patients’anxiety and depression.AIM To explore the effect of VSSLS in the treatment of POP and its influence on anxiety and depression among patients.METHODS Sixty patients with moderate to severe POP who underwent surgical treatment between January 2023 and June 2024 in Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were retrospectively enrolled in the study.According to treatment methods,they were divided into the control group(n=30,treated with vaginal hysterectomy alone)and observation group(n=30,treated with VSSLS combined with vaginal hysterectomy).The two groups were compared by baseline data,perioperative indicators,and postoperative pain intensity,prolapse distance before and after surgery,sexual function,pelvic function,anxiety,and depression.RESULTS No significant differences in baseline data,preoperative POP Quantification measurement value,Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Inventory 20(PFDI-20),Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire 7(PFIQ-7),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores were found between the two groups.The obser vation group had longer operation time and more intraoperative blood loss than the control group,the Visual Analog Scale score on postoperative day 1 was slightly higher in than in the control group.On the reexamination 3 months postoperatively,the POP Quantification measurement values in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Evaluation 6 months after surgery,the FSFI score was higher in the observation group than in the control group,the PFDI-20,PFIQ-7,SAS and SDS score scored were lower in than in the control group(P<0.05).The PFDI-20,PFIQ-7 scores positively correlated with the SAS and SDS scores.CONCLUSION VSSLS demonstrated a significant effect on the treatment of moderate and severe POP,as it can reduce the prolapse distance and PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores and improve anxiety and depression among patients.展开更多
Objective: to explore the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation care to prevent pelvic floor dysfunction. Method: 74 cases from June 2019 to June 2020 in maternal vaginal delivery in the study, accor...Objective: to explore the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation care to prevent pelvic floor dysfunction. Method: 74 cases from June 2019 to June 2020 in maternal vaginal delivery in the study, according to the randomized digital table method of control group (37 cases, routine care) and observation group (37 cases, plus pelvic floor rehabilitation care), the 2 groups of patients after 6 months postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength recovery and nursing before and after pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence, sexual life comparative analysis. Results: 25 (67.57%) were 15 (40.54%) (P <0.05), 2 pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence were not significantly different (P> 0.05), 2 patients were lower than before nursing, higher than before nursing (P <0.05), and the data were more significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion: pelvic floor rehabilitation nursing used in the prevention of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction can significantly improve pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual quality of life, and improve pelvic floor dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Higher clinical effectiveness is promotion.展开更多
Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle function of 30 overweight postmenopausal women prior to and after colporrhahpy was monitored in this study. Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with cystokele or combined cystore...Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle function of 30 overweight postmenopausal women prior to and after colporrhahpy was monitored in this study. Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with cystokele or combined cystorectokele was involved. 1 mg oral estriol and local estriol cream were administered for 30 days preoperatively. Pelvic floor muscle function was monitored by surface electromyography 1 month before (1st) 1 day prior to surgery (2nd), and six weeks after the surgery (3rd measurement). Body composition parameters (intra- and extracellular water and body fat) were also measured. Results: The ability to relax significantly improved (p = 0.03) in the preoperative period (between 1st and 2nd occasions). Six weeks after surgery a non-significant (p = 0.054) decrease in average muscle activity was detected when compared with values obtained before the surgery. Muscle-activity declined significantly from the first to the last measurements (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Our results confirm that postmenopausal obese women who undergo anterior or posterior colporrhaphy need a follow-up concerning pelvic floor muscle function and suggest that physiotherapy started the earliest possible may aid in preserving postoperative functionality on the long run.展开更多
Objective: this paper mainly studies and analyzes the effects of different delivery methods on maternal basin function and postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is more important for the health of pregnant wom...Objective: this paper mainly studies and analyzes the effects of different delivery methods on maternal basin function and postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is more important for the health of pregnant women. Methods: retrospective analysis was used. The subjects were 50 pregnant women in our hospital. All the subjects were informed and signed the consent form. According to different nursing intervention methods, the subjects were divided into observation group and control group to compare, analyze and record the actual nursing intervention effect data and information. Results: after practical research, analysis and observation, it can be found that the basin function of pregnant women in the observation group is good, and the effect of postpartum basin rehabilitation is obvious, which is significantly better than that of pregnant women in the control group. The data comparison has statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: rehabilitation treatment after natural delivery can improve the clinical effect, promote the early recovery of pelvic floor function and improve the quality of life of pregnant women.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post...Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post-operative residual urine volume （RUV） in patient undergoing complete PANP （n = 15） and incomplete PANP （n = 17） were observed. Results： In fifteen cases with complete PANP, preoperative RUV was 4.09 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 8.00 ml and 7.02 ml （P 〉 0.05）. In seventeen cases with incomplete PANP, preoperative RUV was 3.90 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 36.55 ml and 22.64 ml （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic preservation may affect urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma and RUV is an effective indicator if the pelvic autonomic nerves are preserved completely.展开更多
Objective: to investigate the effects of pelvic floor rehabilitation training on the functional recovery of postpartum pelvic floor muscles. Methods: in this study, 60 postpartum women with vaginal delivery who were a...Objective: to investigate the effects of pelvic floor rehabilitation training on the functional recovery of postpartum pelvic floor muscles. Methods: in this study, 60 postpartum women with vaginal delivery who were admitted to a hospital in Xining from November 2020 to February 2021 were selected as research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 30 people in each group. The control group did not take any measures, and the observation group was given pelvic floor rehabilitation training. The recovery of pelvic floor muscle function, urinary incontinence, the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse and sexual satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: the incidence of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of sexual life in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05);The recovery of pelvic floor muscle function in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: pelvic floor rehabilitation training for postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction patients can effectively promote the recovery of pelvic floor muscles, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the quality of life of postpartum women.展开更多
Pelvic organ prolapsed is a common problem today, and it has been gradually increasing because of the longevity of women. Pelvic organ prolapse can result in negative psychological feelings that affect on women’s sex...Pelvic organ prolapsed is a common problem today, and it has been gradually increasing because of the longevity of women. Pelvic organ prolapse can result in negative psychological feelings that affect on women’s sexual activity. Methods: There is a cross-sectional study on sexual dysfunction in 296 women with pelvic organ prolapse grade II and III followed up at gynecological-pelvic floor unit of Hung Vuong hospital from 09/2017 to 06/2018. Results: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in PISQ-12 was 76.4% and 95% CI [71.6 - 81.2]. The rate of female sexual dysfunction in turn is: 1) Behavioral-Emotional: 93.6% 95% CI [90.8 - 96.4]. 2) Physiology: 62.2% CI 95% [56.7 - 67.7]. 3) Relationship to partner: 89.5% 95% CI [86.0 - 93.0]. Factor related to sexual dysfunction in women with pelvic organs (p < 0.05) is general sexual dysfunction: 1) Age group: women over age 55 increased generally the risk of sexual dysfunction, OR = 5.89, 95% CI [1.38 - 25.20]. 2) Diabetes mellitus increased the risk of sexual dysfunction with OR = 5.03, 95% CI [1.42 - 17.82]. 3) Patients with previous abortions reduced the risk of sexual dysfunction with OR = 0.49 95% CI [0.27 - 0.90]. Conclusion: Research on quality of life in pelvic organ prolapse should be considered more in the future.展开更多
Background: Quantitative biomechanical characterization of pelvic supportive structures and functions in vivo is thought to provide insight into pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). An innovative approach—...Background: Quantitative biomechanical characterization of pelvic supportive structures and functions in vivo is thought to provide insight into pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). An innovative approach—vaginal tactile imaging—allows biomechanical mapping of the female pelvic floor to quantify tissue elasticity, pelvic support, and pelvic muscle functions. The Vaginal Tactile Imager (VTI) records high definition pressure patterns from vaginal walls under an applied tissue deformation and during pelvic floor muscle contractions. Objective: To explore an extended set of 52 biomechanical parameters for differentiation and characterization of POP relative to normal pelvic floor conditions. Methods: 96 subjects with normal and POP conditions were included in the data analysis from multi-site observational, case-controlled studies;42 subjects had normal pelvic floor conditions and 54 subjects had POP. The VTI, model 2S, was used with an analytical software package to calculate automatically 52 biomechanical parameters for 8 VTI test procedures (probe insertion, elevation, rotation, Valsalva maneuver, voluntary muscle contractions in 2 planes, relaxation, and reflex contraction). The groups were equalized for subject age and parity. Results: The ranges, mean values, and standard deviations for all 52 VTI parameters were established. 33 of 52 parameters were identified as statistically sensitive (p 0.05;t-test) to the POP development. Among these 33 parameters, 11 parameters show changes (decrease) in tissue elasticity, 8 parameters show deteriorations in pelvic support and 14 parameters show weakness in muscle functions for POP versus normal conditions. Conclusions: The biomechanical mapping of the female pelvic floor with the VTI provides a unique set of parameters characterizing POP versus normal conditions. These objectively measurable biomechanical transformations of pelvic tissues, support structures, and functions under POP may be used in future research and practical applications.展开更多
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The true etiology of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence and variations observed among individuals are not entirely understood. Tactile (stress) and ultrasound (anatomy, strain) image fusion may furnish new insights into the female pelvic floor conditions. This study aimed to explore imaging performance and clinical value of vaginal tactile and ultrasound image fusion for characterization of the female pelvic floor. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A novel probe with 96 tactile and 192 ultrasound transducers was designed. Women scheduled for a urogynecological visit were considered eligible for enrollment to observational study. Intravaginal tactile and ultrasound images were acquired for vaginal wall deformations at probe insertion, elevation, rotation, Valsalva maneuver, voluntary contractions, involuntary relaxation, and reflex pelvic muscle contractions. Biomechanical mapping has included tactile/ultrasound imaging and functional imaging. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Twenty women were successfully studied with the probe. Tactile and ultrasound images for tissues deformation as well as functional images were recorded. Tactile (stress) and ultrasound (strain) images allowed creation of stress-strain maps for the tissues of interest in absolute scale. Functional images allowed identification of active pelvic structures and their biomechanical characterization (anatomical measurements, contractive mobility and strength). Fusion of the modalities has allowed recognition and characterization of levator ani muscles (pubococcygeal, puborectal, iliococcygeal), perineum, urethral and anorectal complexes critical in prolapse and/or incontinence development. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusions:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Vaginal tactile and ultrasound image fusion provides unique data for biomechanical characterization of the female pelvic floor. Bringing novel biomechanical characterization for critical soft tissues/structures may provide extended scientific knowledge and improve clinical practice.</span></span></span></span>
基金Supported by 2023 Academy Level Research Start-up Fund,No.YK2023332024 Academy Level Research Start-up Fund,No.YK202430+1 种基金Wujiang District,Suzhou City,“Promoting Health through Science and Education”Project,No.WWK202201Xuzhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital Development Fund Support Project,No.XYFY202423.
文摘BACKGROUND Pelvic organ prolapse(POP)can lead to urinary incontinence,fecal incontinence,and other symptoms,affecting the quality of life,which results in anxiety and depression and other negative emotions in many patients.Trans-vaginal sacrospinous ligament suspension(VSSLS)involves securing the apex of the prolapsed vagina to the sacrospinous ligament to maintain the physiological axis of the vagina,help in repairing pelvic floor defects,and maintain the normal function of the pelvic floor,thereby alleviating patients’anxiety and depression.AIM To explore the effect of VSSLS in the treatment of POP and its influence on anxiety and depression among patients.METHODS Sixty patients with moderate to severe POP who underwent surgical treatment between January 2023 and June 2024 in Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University were retrospectively enrolled in the study.According to treatment methods,they were divided into the control group(n=30,treated with vaginal hysterectomy alone)and observation group(n=30,treated with VSSLS combined with vaginal hysterectomy).The two groups were compared by baseline data,perioperative indicators,and postoperative pain intensity,prolapse distance before and after surgery,sexual function,pelvic function,anxiety,and depression.RESULTS No significant differences in baseline data,preoperative POP Quantification measurement value,Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Inventory 20(PFDI-20),Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire 7(PFIQ-7),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores were found between the two groups.The obser vation group had longer operation time and more intraoperative blood loss than the control group,the Visual Analog Scale score on postoperative day 1 was slightly higher in than in the control group.On the reexamination 3 months postoperatively,the POP Quantification measurement values in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Evaluation 6 months after surgery,the FSFI score was higher in the observation group than in the control group,the PFDI-20,PFIQ-7,SAS and SDS score scored were lower in than in the control group(P<0.05).The PFDI-20,PFIQ-7 scores positively correlated with the SAS and SDS scores.CONCLUSION VSSLS demonstrated a significant effect on the treatment of moderate and severe POP,as it can reduce the prolapse distance and PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7 scores and improve anxiety and depression among patients.
文摘Objective: to explore the effectiveness of postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation care to prevent pelvic floor dysfunction. Method: 74 cases from June 2019 to June 2020 in maternal vaginal delivery in the study, according to the randomized digital table method of control group (37 cases, routine care) and observation group (37 cases, plus pelvic floor rehabilitation care), the 2 groups of patients after 6 months postpartum pelvic floor muscle strength recovery and nursing before and after pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence, sexual life comparative analysis. Results: 25 (67.57%) were 15 (40.54%) (P <0.05), 2 pelvic floor dysfunction, urinary incontinence were not significantly different (P> 0.05), 2 patients were lower than before nursing, higher than before nursing (P <0.05), and the data were more significantly (P <0.05).Conclusion: pelvic floor rehabilitation nursing used in the prevention of postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction can significantly improve pelvic floor muscle strength and sexual quality of life, and improve pelvic floor dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Higher clinical effectiveness is promotion.
文摘Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle function of 30 overweight postmenopausal women prior to and after colporrhahpy was monitored in this study. Material and Methods: Patients diagnosed with cystokele or combined cystorectokele was involved. 1 mg oral estriol and local estriol cream were administered for 30 days preoperatively. Pelvic floor muscle function was monitored by surface electromyography 1 month before (1st) 1 day prior to surgery (2nd), and six weeks after the surgery (3rd measurement). Body composition parameters (intra- and extracellular water and body fat) were also measured. Results: The ability to relax significantly improved (p = 0.03) in the preoperative period (between 1st and 2nd occasions). Six weeks after surgery a non-significant (p = 0.054) decrease in average muscle activity was detected when compared with values obtained before the surgery. Muscle-activity declined significantly from the first to the last measurements (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Our results confirm that postmenopausal obese women who undergo anterior or posterior colporrhaphy need a follow-up concerning pelvic floor muscle function and suggest that physiotherapy started the earliest possible may aid in preserving postoperative functionality on the long run.
文摘Objective: this paper mainly studies and analyzes the effects of different delivery methods on maternal basin function and postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation, which is more important for the health of pregnant women. Methods: retrospective analysis was used. The subjects were 50 pregnant women in our hospital. All the subjects were informed and signed the consent form. According to different nursing intervention methods, the subjects were divided into observation group and control group to compare, analyze and record the actual nursing intervention effect data and information. Results: after practical research, analysis and observation, it can be found that the basin function of pregnant women in the observation group is good, and the effect of postpartum basin rehabilitation is obvious, which is significantly better than that of pregnant women in the control group. The data comparison has statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: rehabilitation treatment after natural delivery can improve the clinical effect, promote the early recovery of pelvic floor function and improve the quality of life of pregnant women.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the influence of complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic nerve preservation （PANP） on urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma. Methods： The changes of pre-and post-operative residual urine volume （RUV） in patient undergoing complete PANP （n = 15） and incomplete PANP （n = 17） were observed. Results： In fifteen cases with complete PANP, preoperative RUV was 4.09 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 8.00 ml and 7.02 ml （P 〉 0.05）. In seventeen cases with incomplete PANP, preoperative RUV was 3.90 ml, 14 days and 3 months after operation RUV were 36.55 ml and 22.64 ml （P 〈 0.001 ）. Conclusion： Complete and incomplete pelvic autonomic preservation may affect urination function in patients with resection of rectal carcinoma and RUV is an effective indicator if the pelvic autonomic nerves are preserved completely.
文摘Objective: to investigate the effects of pelvic floor rehabilitation training on the functional recovery of postpartum pelvic floor muscles. Methods: in this study, 60 postpartum women with vaginal delivery who were admitted to a hospital in Xining from November 2020 to February 2021 were selected as research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, 30 people in each group. The control group did not take any measures, and the observation group was given pelvic floor rehabilitation training. The recovery of pelvic floor muscle function, urinary incontinence, the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse and sexual satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: the incidence of urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of sexual life in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05);The recovery of pelvic floor muscle function in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: pelvic floor rehabilitation training for postpartum pelvic floor dysfunction patients can effectively promote the recovery of pelvic floor muscles, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the quality of life of postpartum women.
文摘Pelvic organ prolapsed is a common problem today, and it has been gradually increasing because of the longevity of women. Pelvic organ prolapse can result in negative psychological feelings that affect on women’s sexual activity. Methods: There is a cross-sectional study on sexual dysfunction in 296 women with pelvic organ prolapse grade II and III followed up at gynecological-pelvic floor unit of Hung Vuong hospital from 09/2017 to 06/2018. Results: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in PISQ-12 was 76.4% and 95% CI [71.6 - 81.2]. The rate of female sexual dysfunction in turn is: 1) Behavioral-Emotional: 93.6% 95% CI [90.8 - 96.4]. 2) Physiology: 62.2% CI 95% [56.7 - 67.7]. 3) Relationship to partner: 89.5% 95% CI [86.0 - 93.0]. Factor related to sexual dysfunction in women with pelvic organs (p < 0.05) is general sexual dysfunction: 1) Age group: women over age 55 increased generally the risk of sexual dysfunction, OR = 5.89, 95% CI [1.38 - 25.20]. 2) Diabetes mellitus increased the risk of sexual dysfunction with OR = 5.03, 95% CI [1.42 - 17.82]. 3) Patients with previous abortions reduced the risk of sexual dysfunction with OR = 0.49 95% CI [0.27 - 0.90]. Conclusion: Research on quality of life in pelvic organ prolapse should be considered more in the future.
文摘Background: Quantitative biomechanical characterization of pelvic supportive structures and functions in vivo is thought to provide insight into pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). An innovative approach—vaginal tactile imaging—allows biomechanical mapping of the female pelvic floor to quantify tissue elasticity, pelvic support, and pelvic muscle functions. The Vaginal Tactile Imager (VTI) records high definition pressure patterns from vaginal walls under an applied tissue deformation and during pelvic floor muscle contractions. Objective: To explore an extended set of 52 biomechanical parameters for differentiation and characterization of POP relative to normal pelvic floor conditions. Methods: 96 subjects with normal and POP conditions were included in the data analysis from multi-site observational, case-controlled studies;42 subjects had normal pelvic floor conditions and 54 subjects had POP. The VTI, model 2S, was used with an analytical software package to calculate automatically 52 biomechanical parameters for 8 VTI test procedures (probe insertion, elevation, rotation, Valsalva maneuver, voluntary muscle contractions in 2 planes, relaxation, and reflex contraction). The groups were equalized for subject age and parity. Results: The ranges, mean values, and standard deviations for all 52 VTI parameters were established. 33 of 52 parameters were identified as statistically sensitive (p 0.05;t-test) to the POP development. Among these 33 parameters, 11 parameters show changes (decrease) in tissue elasticity, 8 parameters show deteriorations in pelvic support and 14 parameters show weakness in muscle functions for POP versus normal conditions. Conclusions: The biomechanical mapping of the female pelvic floor with the VTI provides a unique set of parameters characterizing POP versus normal conditions. These objectively measurable biomechanical transformations of pelvic tissues, support structures, and functions under POP may be used in future research and practical applications.
