In the name of visual pleasure, there are different entertainments in today＇s media that instigate voyeurism among common viewers. In this study, the author intends to focus on two phases where the spectators are tur...In the name of visual pleasure, there are different entertainments in today＇s media that instigate voyeurism among common viewers. In this study, the author intends to focus on two phases where the spectators are turning voyeurs without their consent. In the first phase, the study reveals the process where film influences voyeuristic behavior. The urge to explore others＇ private matters starts through the way film reflects, reveals, and even plays on the straight, socially established interpretation of sexual difference which controls images, erotic ways of looking, and spectacle. Several voyeuristic means in films pursue set formation, and they all persuade the viewer to identify with the male character by allowing the viewer to see what he sees through different voyeuristic means. The use of devices as a telescope, magnifying glass, and keyholes is the motivation for the close-up shots. They turn the viewer into a participant and spectator and allow the viewer to look at previously unseen and hidden details, but they do not let the viewer become totally a part of the action. In this study, films like Peeping Tom and Sliver are analyzed to understand big screen voyeurism. In the second phase, this study presents the voyeurism initiated by television programs such as reality shows, ＂soap operas＂, daytime television, talk shows, real life documentaries, and ＂docudramas＂. At the pinnacle, there are the government, police, and the employers who are assisting to produce a new ＂watched＂ culture with the use of closed circuit TV devices. Some camera operators are known to have made ＂greatest hits＂ tapes and other material captured on CCTV has become the footage used to create television programs for entertainment purposes. Thus, they are influencing public voyeurism. Programs like ＂Big Daddy＂, ＂Big Brother＂, and ＂Big Boss＂ are disclosing personal activities of the characters through hidden cameras. They are considered as soft-core pornography on mainstream television and satellite channels.展开更多
目的探讨驱动压导向个体化呼气末正压(PEEP)通气对老年患者腹腔镜疝修补术患者术后肺不张的影响。方法选取2023年1~12月呼伦贝尔市人民医院行腹腔镜疝修补术的老年患者80例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,男女不限,年龄≥60岁,体质...目的探讨驱动压导向个体化呼气末正压(PEEP)通气对老年患者腹腔镜疝修补术患者术后肺不张的影响。方法选取2023年1~12月呼伦贝尔市人民医院行腹腔镜疝修补术的老年患者80例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,男女不限,年龄≥60岁,体质量指数(BMI)18.5~29.9 kg/m^(2)。采用随机数字表法将患者分为常规PEEP组(C组,n=40)和驱动压导向个体化PEEP组(P组,n=40)。手术开始实施气腹后,设置C组PEEP为5 cmH_(2)O,P组以驱动压为导向进行个体化PEEP滴定,滴定方法为:PEEP自4 cmH_(2)O开始以2 cmH_(2)O为梯度递增至12 cmH_(2)O,每个PEEP水平维持10个呼吸周期,并记录最后一次呼吸循环时的气道平台压(Pplat)并计算驱动压,以驱动压最小时所对应的PEEP值为该患者的最佳个体化PEEP,以该PEEP维持至手术结束。记录患者入室后麻醉前(T_(0))、出恢复室前(T_(4))、拔管24 h(T_(5))三个时间点的肺部超声评分(LUS),气腹建立5 min(T_(1))、气腹建立30 min(T_(2))、术毕气腹解除时(T_(3))两组的驱动压。记录两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、尿量及补液量、术中气道峰压(Ppeak)、Pplat、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)。记录两组患者的PEEP值,术中的脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、术后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)及住院时间。主要结局为拔管后24 h LUS;次要结局包括术中驱动压、Cdyn及术后并发症。结果P组T_(5)时LUS较C组降低(1.65±1.05 vs 3.40±1.55,P<0.001);在T_(1)(13 vs 17 cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(2)(13 vs 17 cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(3)(8 vs 10 cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)时术中驱动压降低。C组患者在T_(2)时Ppeak及Pplat较P组明显升高(P<0.05);在T_(1)(32.18±4.15 vs 26.49±4.99 mL/cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(2)(30.95±3.90 vs 24.83±4.53 mL/cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(3)(56.88±10.89 vs 41.24±7.83 mL/cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)时术中Cdyn提高。驱动压导向滴定个体化PEEP值中位数为8(6,8)cmH_(2)O,常规组PEEP 5 cmH_(2)O,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术中以驱动压为导向设置个体化PEEP值,可以降低老年疝修补术患者术中的驱动压及术后的LUS,降低肺不张严重程度,进而降低患者术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生率,减少术后康复时间。展开更多
文摘In the name of visual pleasure, there are different entertainments in today＇s media that instigate voyeurism among common viewers. In this study, the author intends to focus on two phases where the spectators are turning voyeurs without their consent. In the first phase, the study reveals the process where film influences voyeuristic behavior. The urge to explore others＇ private matters starts through the way film reflects, reveals, and even plays on the straight, socially established interpretation of sexual difference which controls images, erotic ways of looking, and spectacle. Several voyeuristic means in films pursue set formation, and they all persuade the viewer to identify with the male character by allowing the viewer to see what he sees through different voyeuristic means. The use of devices as a telescope, magnifying glass, and keyholes is the motivation for the close-up shots. They turn the viewer into a participant and spectator and allow the viewer to look at previously unseen and hidden details, but they do not let the viewer become totally a part of the action. In this study, films like Peeping Tom and Sliver are analyzed to understand big screen voyeurism. In the second phase, this study presents the voyeurism initiated by television programs such as reality shows, ＂soap operas＂, daytime television, talk shows, real life documentaries, and ＂docudramas＂. At the pinnacle, there are the government, police, and the employers who are assisting to produce a new ＂watched＂ culture with the use of closed circuit TV devices. Some camera operators are known to have made ＂greatest hits＂ tapes and other material captured on CCTV has become the footage used to create television programs for entertainment purposes. Thus, they are influencing public voyeurism. Programs like ＂Big Daddy＂, ＂Big Brother＂, and ＂Big Boss＂ are disclosing personal activities of the characters through hidden cameras. They are considered as soft-core pornography on mainstream television and satellite channels.
文摘目的探讨驱动压导向个体化呼气末正压(PEEP)通气对老年患者腹腔镜疝修补术患者术后肺不张的影响。方法选取2023年1~12月呼伦贝尔市人民医院行腹腔镜疝修补术的老年患者80例,美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,男女不限,年龄≥60岁,体质量指数(BMI)18.5~29.9 kg/m^(2)。采用随机数字表法将患者分为常规PEEP组(C组,n=40)和驱动压导向个体化PEEP组(P组,n=40)。手术开始实施气腹后,设置C组PEEP为5 cmH_(2)O,P组以驱动压为导向进行个体化PEEP滴定,滴定方法为:PEEP自4 cmH_(2)O开始以2 cmH_(2)O为梯度递增至12 cmH_(2)O,每个PEEP水平维持10个呼吸周期,并记录最后一次呼吸循环时的气道平台压(Pplat)并计算驱动压,以驱动压最小时所对应的PEEP值为该患者的最佳个体化PEEP,以该PEEP维持至手术结束。记录患者入室后麻醉前(T_(0))、出恢复室前(T_(4))、拔管24 h(T_(5))三个时间点的肺部超声评分(LUS),气腹建立5 min(T_(1))、气腹建立30 min(T_(2))、术毕气腹解除时(T_(3))两组的驱动压。记录两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、尿量及补液量、术中气道峰压(Ppeak)、Pplat、肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)。记录两组患者的PEEP值,术中的脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))、术后视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)及住院时间。主要结局为拔管后24 h LUS;次要结局包括术中驱动压、Cdyn及术后并发症。结果P组T_(5)时LUS较C组降低(1.65±1.05 vs 3.40±1.55,P<0.001);在T_(1)(13 vs 17 cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(2)(13 vs 17 cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(3)(8 vs 10 cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)时术中驱动压降低。C组患者在T_(2)时Ppeak及Pplat较P组明显升高(P<0.05);在T_(1)(32.18±4.15 vs 26.49±4.99 mL/cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(2)(30.95±3.90 vs 24.83±4.53 mL/cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)、T_(3)(56.88±10.89 vs 41.24±7.83 mL/cmH_(2)O,P<0.001)时术中Cdyn提高。驱动压导向滴定个体化PEEP值中位数为8(6,8)cmH_(2)O,常规组PEEP 5 cmH_(2)O,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论术中以驱动压为导向设置个体化PEEP值,可以降低老年疝修补术患者术中的驱动压及术后的LUS,降低肺不张严重程度,进而降低患者术后肺部并发症(PPCs)发生率,减少术后康复时间。
