The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activi...The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the margarines. Samples were spreadable and palatable with R20 being most palatable and the most accepted being R26 with a mean score of 7.07 ± 0.70. Decrease in color intensity increased acceptability. This study therefore demonstrated that avocado peel waste biomass can be valorized by using it as raw material for oil extraction, which can serve as good material for the production of trans-free margarines with good oxidative stability, functional and antioxidant properties.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to extract the ellagic acid from pomegranate peels, and the concentration of ellagic acid was measured by using ul- traviolet spectrophotometry; L9（34） orthogonal experiment was designed with four fac- tors at three levels, to investigate the effect of extraction temperature, extraction du- ration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasound power on extraction rate of ellagic acid. [Re- sult] The optimal extraction condition for ellagic acid is extraction temperature of 30 ~C, solid-liquid ratio of 1：200, extraction duration of 20 min, and ultrasound power of 50 W. The relationship between primary and secondary factors affecting experimental indicators was solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction duration 〉 ultrasound power 〉 extraction temperature. [Conclusion] Solid-liquid ratio has the maximum effect on extraction rate of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid extraction technology identified in this study is rea- sonable and feasible.展开更多
In this study,an alternative precursor for production of activated carbon was introduced using dragon fruit(Hylocereus costaricensis)peel(DFP).Moreover,KOH was used as a chemical activator in the thermal carbonization...In this study,an alternative precursor for production of activated carbon was introduced using dragon fruit(Hylocereus costaricensis)peel(DFP).Moreover,KOH was used as a chemical activator in the thermal carbonization process to convert DFP into activated carbon(DFPAC).In order to accomplish this research,several approaches were employed to examine the elemental composition,surface properties,amorphous and crystalline nature,essential active group,and surface morphology of the DFPAC.The BrunauerEmmettTeller test demonstrated a mesoporous structure of the DFPAC has a high surface area of 756.3 m2g 1.The cationic dye Methylene Blue(MB)was used as a probe to assess the efficiency of DFPAC towards the removal of MB dye from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorption input factors(e.g.DFPAC dose(A:0.040.12 g L 1),pH(B:310),and temperature(C:3050℃))were investigated and optimized using statistical analysis(i.e.BoxBehnken design(BBD)).The adsorption kinetic model can be best categorized as the pseudofirst order(PFO).Whereas,the adsorption isotherm model can be best described by Langmuir model,with maximum adsorption capacity of DFPAC for MB dye was 195.2 mg g 1 at 50℃.The adsorption mechanism of MB by DFPAC surface was attributed to the electrostatic interaction,pp interaction,and Hbonding.Finally,the results support the ability of DFP to be a promising precursor for production of highly porous activated carbon suitable for removal of cationic dyes(e.g.MB).展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of si...[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, chromatographic conditions （mobile phase ratio, flow rate, col- umn temperature） for detecting ellagic acid using HPLC were optimized. Based on the optimal chromatographic conditions, the ellagic acid content in experimental pomegranate peels was determined. [Resull] The optimal chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method are： 1.2% phos- phoric acid：acetonitrile=85：15, column temperature of 35 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The linear regression equation of ellagic acid is： y=2.9e＋0.6x＋4.4e＋5 （FF=9 999）. Ac- cording to the standard addition recovery test, the average recovery rate of ellagic acid is 98.20%, and RSD is 0.60%. Under above optimized chromatographic condi- tions, ellagic acid can be well separated from other interfering components in pomegranate peels, with shorter peak time and ideal effect, which is convenient for the detection in production practices. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method.展开更多
Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are oft...Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects,which can further deteriorate the patients’quality of life.Recent development of natural product based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the field of functional foods,in which a few have demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity toward the prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis.With multiple active molecular components,citrus peels and derived extracts have demonstrated potent efficacious properties against various cancers due in large part to the rich content of flavonoids present in citrus peels.This review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of citrus peel flavonoids,and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.展开更多
Pomegranate peels were studied for the effect of gamma irradiation on microbial decontamination along with its effect on total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. Gamma irradiation was applied at vario...Pomegranate peels were studied for the effect of gamma irradiation on microbial decontamination along with its effect on total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. Gamma irradiation was applied at various dose levels (5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 25.0 kGy) on pomegranate peel powder. Both the values of total phenolic content and in vitro antioxi- dant activity were positively correlated and showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) for 10.0 kGy irradiated dose level immediately after irradiation and 60 days of post irradiation storage. At 5.0 kGy and above dose level, gamma irradia- tion has reduced microbial count of pomegranate peel powder to nil. Post irradiation storage studies also showed that, the irradiated peel powder was microbiologically safe even after 90 days of storage period.展开更多
Waste disposal management and the energy crisis are important challenges facing most countries.The fruit-processing industry generates daily several tons of wastes,of which the major share comes from banana farms.Anae...Waste disposal management and the energy crisis are important challenges facing most countries.The fruit-processing industry generates daily several tons of wastes,of which the major share comes from banana farms.Anaerobic digestion(AD)technology has been applied to the treatment of wastewater,animal slurry,food waste,and agricultural residues,with the primary goals of energy production and waste elimination.This study examines the effect of organic loading(OL)and cow manure(CM)addition on AD performance when treating banana peel waste(BPW).The maximum daily biogas production rates of banana peels(BPs)with a CM content of 10%,20%,and 30%at 18 and 22 g of volatile solids(gvs)per liter were 50.20,48.66,and 62.78 mL (gvs.d)^-1 and 40.49,29.57,and 46.54 mL (gvs.d)^-1,respectively.However,the daily biogas yield showed no clear interdependence with OL or CM content.In addition,a kinetic analysis using first-order and cone models showed that the kinetic parameters can be influenced by the process parameters.展开更多
Fruit wastes which are perishable pose a big problem to pollution monitoring agencies;however these problems can be reduced by utilizing the high value compounds present in the food waste. Banana peels contain a reaso...Fruit wastes which are perishable pose a big problem to pollution monitoring agencies;however these problems can be reduced by utilizing the high value compounds present in the food waste. Banana peels contain a reasonable number of antioxidant compounds such as gallocatechin and dopamine. This paper investigates the anti-oxidant potential of two different varieties of Banana peels (Dwarf cavandish and Musa omini). The peels were extracted with two different solvents (Methanol and Ethanol) using the soxhlet extractor. The results show that ethanolic extracts have higher phenolics and flavonoid contents (336.83 - 383.83 mgGAE/100g, 242.83 - 252.82 mgRutin/100g) compared to the methanolic extracts of the same banana varieties (299.42 - 344 mgGAE/100g, 240.77 - 241.23 mgRutin/100g). However methanolic extracts exhibit higher DPPH Antioxidants Activity (30.82% - 51.66%) compared to ethanolic extracts (25.44% - 30.27%). This implies that antioxidative compounds other than phenolics and flavonoids were also involved in inhibiting the DPPH Radicals. It was also observed that at any concentration between 0.5 - 2.5 mg, ethanol extracts of both dwarf cavandish and musa omini had higher reducing power than the other two varieties.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the differences in chemical composition of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing district. [Method] Supercritical f...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the differences in chemical composition of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing district. [Method] Supercritical fluidextraction （SFE） and GCMS method were applied to determine and analyze the chemical components of the extracts in peels of three strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. [Result] The chemical components of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of three strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. varied., and the number of chemical components with normalized percentage content higher than 1% was 5, 7 and 8, respectively. There are 14 kinds of common components, and the relative content of hexadecanoic acid was the highest. [Conclusion] Supercritical CO2 extracts in peels of different strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. contain different chemical components, providing scientific basis for breeding excellent varieties and the development and utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.展开更多
Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is one of the most important food plants in West Africa. Its peels are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This lignocellulolytic biomass can be converted using microbia...Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is one of the most important food plants in West Africa. Its peels are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This lignocellulolytic biomass can be converted using microbial enzymes to fermentable sugars which have wide range of biotechnological relevance in many fermentation processes. The aim of this study is to screen filamentous fungi from decaying cassava peels that are good producers of xylanases and cellulases. Decaying parts of cassava peels were obtained and brought to the laboratory for further work. Fungi were isolated, identified and screened for cellulase and xylanase production. Isolate with highest frequency of occurrence and enzyme production was identified using phenotypic and molecular method. Optimisation of growth conditions for enzymes production was monitored using the DNSA method, also saccharification of cassava peel were carried out using the enzymes obtained from the isolate. Aspergillus terreus KJ829487 was the predominant fungus. It produces cellulases and xylanases optimally at 40°C, pH 6 and 8, utilising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or xylose and yeast extracts as its carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Saccharification of the peels yielded 584 mg/L glucose, 78 mg/L xylose and 66 mg/L rhamnose. Aspergillus terreus KJ829487 obtained from cassava peels have the ability to produce high concentration cellulases and xylanases which effectively hydrolysed the lignocelluloses’ biomass to fermentable sugars.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimal process conditions for extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient from citrus peels. [Method] Crude anti- allergic active extracts of citrus peels were extracte...[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimal process conditions for extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient from citrus peels. [Method] Crude anti- allergic active extracts of citrus peels were extracted. Effects of extraction conditions including extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio on extraction were explored with single-factor experiment, and the extrac- tion process was optimized with orthogonal experiment. [Result] Based on the single- factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimal extraction condition for crude anti-allergic active extracts of citrus peels were determined to be under extraction temperature of 60℃, ethanol concentration of 70%, extraction time of 60 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1：25 and twice extraction. [Concluslon] This process condition is of simple operation and high extraction efficiency, which is environment-friendly and suitable for the extraction of crude anti-allergic active extracts from citrus peels. This study provided a new approach and research ideas for the effective and rapid extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient in citrus peels.展开更多
The study was carried out to determine the influence of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell supplemented with Ocimum gratissium leaves, using growth indices and blood constituents by goats. Eighteen goats with an ...The study was carried out to determine the influence of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell supplemented with Ocimum gratissium leaves, using growth indices and blood constituents by goats. Eighteen goats with an average weight of 8.11 kg and aged between 8 and 9 months old were allotted to three dietary treatments with six animals per treatment in a complete randomized design. The compared diets which comprised combination of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell with concentrate respectively were in different ratios which included diet I (30:25:45), diet II (25:30:45) and diet III (20:35:45). Each goat also received 8 grams of Ocimum gratissium leaves as supplement in the diet. The results showed that average feed intake (6.42 kg) and fed conversion ratio (2.15) were highest in diet I and significantly different from other diets. Diet II had the highest significant (P 3/L), lymphocytes (56.01%), monocytes (1.06%), total protein (7.65 g/dl), albumin (3.58 g/dl), globulin (4.07 g/dl) and triglyceride (2.29 mmol/L). White blood cell (7.01 × 103/L), neutrophils (49.82%), cholesterol (42.34 mmol/L), creatnine (1.59 mg/dl) and urea (18.29 mg/dl) were (P < 0.05) best in diet III, whereas initial bodyweight, average daily weight gain, eosinophils and basophils were not significantly different (P < 0.05). It is concluded that diet II has the potential to enhance growth rate and blood constituents of goats.展开更多
Mangiferaindica L. （carabao mango）, AnnonaMuricata L. （soursop）, Citrofortunellamicrocarpa（calamansi）, and Musa acuminate x balbisianaColla （ABB Group） （plantain banana） have long been used in the processed ...Mangiferaindica L. （carabao mango）, AnnonaMuricata L. （soursop）, Citrofortunellamicrocarpa（calamansi）, and Musa acuminate x balbisianaColla （ABB Group） （plantain banana） have long been used in the processed food industries. However, the peelsof these fruits are normally disposed as waste or at most used as fertilizer and feeds. The objective of the study is to characterize the peels of these fruits as functional food/ingredient. Freeze-dried fruits peels of carabao mango, soursop, calamansi and plantain banana were analyzed for proximate composition, dietary fiber and phytonutrients contents, fermentability invitro and antioxidant activity. Results showed soursop peels having significantly higher soluble （12.75 g/100 g sample） and insoluble （62.55 g/100 g sample） dietary fiber among the fruit peels studied. All peels produced significant amounts of short chain fatty acids, propionate 〉 acetate 〉 butyrate. Carabao mango peels produced the highest amount of acetate while calamansipeels, the highest propionate （215.8± 3.6 mg/100 g）. Carabao mango and soursop peels have significantly greater total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanidins andantioxidant activity. The study showed that fruit peels of carabao mango, soursop, calamansi and plantain banana can be potential functional food ingredients.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to extract the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels and explore its whitening effect. [ Method] Pomegranate peels were used as materials for single factor experiment to determine the...[ Objective] This study aimed to extract the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels and explore its whitening effect. [ Method] Pomegranate peels were used as materials for single factor experiment to determine the optimal technique for effective ingredient extraction from pomegranate peels and explore the inhibition of the extracts on tyrosinase and whitening effect of the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels. [ Result] The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of effective ingredient in pomegranate peels were： liquid-to-solid ratio of 1：20 with 60% ethanol, extraction temperature of 60℃, ultrasonic intensity of 7 and pro- cessing time of 40 min, which led to relatively strong inhibition effect of pomegranate peel extracts on tyrosinase. The inhibition rate of extracts obtained with com- mon solvent reflux extraction method was only around 60%, while the inhibition rate of extracts obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction method on tyrosinase ac- tivity had achieved around 90%, showing a very significant the difference, which indicated that during the process of extraction of effective ingredient from pome- granate peels, appropriate ultrasound-assistance was advantageous to the extraction of active ingredients; in addition, the inhibition effect of extracts on tyrosinase had increased with the increasing concentration of extracts, and the inhibition rate could achieve 100%. [ Condusion] This study provided a certain theoretical ba- sis for the utilization of pomegranate peels as natural green materials to develop whitening cosmetics.展开更多
Fermentation has been exploited to improve agricultural waste products. Fermentation of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels was carried out by soaking in clean water for 96 hours ...Fermentation has been exploited to improve agricultural waste products. Fermentation of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels was carried out by soaking in clean water for 96 hours at room temperature during which samples were collected daily for microbial, physico-chemical and proximate analysis. Microbial load of both peels ranged from 9.0 × 105 to 8.6 × 106 cfu/ml;1.5 × 106 to 7.4 × 106 sfu/ml and 1.2 × 106 to 2.0 × 106 sfu/ml for bacteria, fungi and yeast respectively. The pH value of both peels decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with corresponding increase in the total titratable acidity (TTA) (P ≤ 0.05) and temperature (P ≥ 0.05) with time during fermentation. The percentage composition of moisture, ash, fat and protein content of both peels increased insignificantly (P ≥ 0.05) with values ranging from 8.91ab ± 0.62 to 12.19b ± 0.51, 3.69a ± 0.41 to 5.77a ± 0.58, 1.86a ± 0.54 to 4.57c ± 0.51 and 4.55a ± 0.45 to 7.74b ± 0.51 respectively, while the crude fiber and carbohydrate composition decreased insignificantly (P ≥ 0.05) with values ranging from 2.16a ± 0.43 to 3.97bc ± 0.64 and 41.83a ± 2.64 to 70.05bc ± 2.55 respectively, until the last day of fermentation as compared with the unfermented peels at 0 hour. However, there was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the proximate composition of both peels. The results obtained from this study revealed that fermentation can bring about desirable changes in the nutrient composition of potato peels.展开更多
The adsorption of Cr (III) ion from aqueous solution using orange peels as adsorbent was investigated using batch equilibrium technique. The research is significant as it’s aimed at investigating the suitability of o...The adsorption of Cr (III) ion from aqueous solution using orange peels as adsorbent was investigated using batch equilibrium technique. The research is significant as it’s aimed at investigating the suitability of orange peel, a waste product as adsorbent for the adsorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution. Orange peel as an adsorbent is resource-saving and has an environmental friendly behavior. Adsorption envelope experiment was conducted using a constant Cr (III) ion concentration of 0.1 M, adsorbent dose of 2.5 g and a temperature of 30°C at varying solution pH of 2, 4, 7, 9 and 12 respectively with pH of 2 having the highest adsorption and therefore it was selected for use in the adsorption isotherm experiment. Adsorption isotherm experiment was conducted at varying temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C), concentration (0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.3 M) Cr(NO3)3. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH, ΔHr, ΔA, and ΔS were calculated from the experimental data which showed that the adsorption process is feasible, spontaneous and followed physisorption mechanism 9H2O and adsorbent dosage (1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g) respectively. The experimental results were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich, Linear and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The experimental data best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. The experimental results revealed the suitability of orange peel which is a waste product as effective adsorbent for the sorption of chromium (III) ions from aqueous solution.展开更多
Cassava peels are rich in lignocellulolytic materials which are not readily amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis;hence, there is a need for a suitable pretreatment method that will support enzymatic hydrolysis. This study...Cassava peels are rich in lignocellulolytic materials which are not readily amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis;hence, there is a need for a suitable pretreatment method that will support enzymatic hydrolysis. This study was designed to investigate lignocellulolytic organisms that would effectively support the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars. Decaying cassava peels were collected into sterile bottles and microorganisms isolated, characterized and screened for lignocellulolytic enzymes production. Optimum temperature, pH and nutrient sources for enzyme production were determined. Organosolv pretreatment was carried out using methanol with varied concentration of catalyst (0.01 - 3 M), reaction time (15 - 60 min) and substrate size. Crude enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) from the isolates were added to the pretreated peels and bioconversion was monitored by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar and calculating the percentage peel hydrolysis. The fermentable sugars produced were quantified using gas chromatography. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus terreus were isolated. P. fluorescens produces 2.8 u/mL of crude enzymes optimally at 50°C and pH 8 while A. terreus produces 3.4 u/mL optimally at 40°C, pH 6. Both isolates utilizes CarboxyMethylCellulose (CMC) and yeast extract as their best carbon and nitrogen sources. Highest percentage of peel hydrolysis was 67% for P. fluorescens at 0.01 M and 0.05 M for A. terreus (94%). Highest concentration of fermentable sugar was produced by A. terreus crude enzyme (331.79 mg/L glucose, 45.3 mg/L rhamnose and 46.52 mg/L xylose). P. fluorescens and A. terreus effectively supported the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars.展开更多
[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the infrared （IR） spectra fingerprints for peels of Citrus grandis from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [ Method ] The fingerprint was established by fourier transform i...[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the infrared （IR） spectra fingerprints for peels of Citrus grandis from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [ Method ] The fingerprint was established by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ FT-IR）, and then were analyzed by Omic software. [ Result ] IR spectra fin- gerprint of C. grand/s were successfully established. There were six common peaks in the characteristic spectra of 12 samples. [ Conclusion] The specific, rapid and stable method can be applied to quality control of C. grandis.展开更多
Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegra...Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegradable nature of these adsorbents makes it a better alternative to the non biodegradable synthetic polymers. Dry unripe plantain peels and groundnut husks were used to prepare the adsorbents. The adsorption and percentage removal of crude oil from effluent produce water was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time,temperature and particle size. The particle size of the adsorbents should not be less than 150 μm to avoid making the particles so loosed thus posing difficulty in recovery. The two adsorbents exhibit high affinity for oil adsorption with time especially at 75 μm, groundnut husk has a better performance because of its larger surface area and the presence of residual oil in the plantain peels. Agitation at 150 r.min-1 and contact time between 15 - 75 min are recommended. The optimum adsorption temperature ranged between 25°C - 45°C and 15°C - 45°C for groundnut husks and plantain peels respectively. The adsorption data indicated that a pseudo-second- order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics of both adsorbents.展开更多
Only 42% of Uganda’s population has access to electricity. The population continues to use firewood and charcoal as a source of energy, which leads to depletion of forests thus to climate change. The purpose of this ...Only 42% of Uganda’s population has access to electricity. The population continues to use firewood and charcoal as a source of energy, which leads to depletion of forests thus to climate change. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of biogas production from jackfruit waste, banana peels, and pineapple peels when co-digested with cow dung as an alternative energy source. Substrates for each waste were co-digested with varying proportions (0%, 25%, and 50%) of cow dung using laboratory-scale 250 mL anaerobic digestors. The total biogas generation for jackfruit waste, banana peels, and pineapple peels after 30 days of anaerobic digestion was 82.3, 189, and 262 mL, respectively. When jack fruit waste, pineapple peels and banana peels were co-digested with 25% cow dung, the total amount of biogas produced increased by a factor of two and three, respectively. However, 50% of cow dung only significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved for jack fruit waste by two folds. Therefore, the results indicated that jackfruit waste, banana and pineapple peels can be used for biogas production to augment energy supply. .展开更多
文摘The production and consumption of avocado pears generates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, although they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biological activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ignited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of margarine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. Margarines were formulated using a central composite design using oil blends of APO and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending speed, blending time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the margarine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and general acceptability was evaluated using ranking difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils ranged from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values ranged from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brogdon avocado peel variety having the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO margarines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of margarine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the margarines. Samples were spreadable and palatable with R20 being most palatable and the most accepted being R26 with a mean score of 7.07 ± 0.70. Decrease in color intensity increased acceptability. This study therefore demonstrated that avocado peel waste biomass can be valorized by using it as raw material for oil extraction, which can serve as good material for the production of trans-free margarines with good oxidative stability, functional and antioxidant properties.
基金Supported by College-level Special Fund of Sichuan Agricultural University(06070904)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to extract the ellagic acid from pomegranate peels, and the concentration of ellagic acid was measured by using ul- traviolet spectrophotometry; L9（34） orthogonal experiment was designed with four fac- tors at three levels, to investigate the effect of extraction temperature, extraction du- ration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasound power on extraction rate of ellagic acid. [Re- sult] The optimal extraction condition for ellagic acid is extraction temperature of 30 ~C, solid-liquid ratio of 1：200, extraction duration of 20 min, and ultrasound power of 50 W. The relationship between primary and secondary factors affecting experimental indicators was solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction duration 〉 ultrasound power 〉 extraction temperature. [Conclusion] Solid-liquid ratio has the maximum effect on extraction rate of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid extraction technology identified in this study is rea- sonable and feasible.
基金the Universiti Teknologi MARA,Institute of Research Management and Innovation(Institut Pengu-rusan Penyelidikan&Inovasi)for funding this project underLES-TARI grant(600-IRMI 5/3/LESTARI(037/2019)).The authors Zeid A.ALOthman and Mohammad Rizwan Khan are thankful to the Researchers Supporting Project(RSP-2020/138),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In this study,an alternative precursor for production of activated carbon was introduced using dragon fruit(Hylocereus costaricensis)peel(DFP).Moreover,KOH was used as a chemical activator in the thermal carbonization process to convert DFP into activated carbon(DFPAC).In order to accomplish this research,several approaches were employed to examine the elemental composition,surface properties,amorphous and crystalline nature,essential active group,and surface morphology of the DFPAC.The BrunauerEmmettTeller test demonstrated a mesoporous structure of the DFPAC has a high surface area of 756.3 m2g 1.The cationic dye Methylene Blue(MB)was used as a probe to assess the efficiency of DFPAC towards the removal of MB dye from aqueous solution.The effects of adsorption input factors(e.g.DFPAC dose(A:0.040.12 g L 1),pH(B:310),and temperature(C:3050℃))were investigated and optimized using statistical analysis(i.e.BoxBehnken design(BBD)).The adsorption kinetic model can be best categorized as the pseudofirst order(PFO).Whereas,the adsorption isotherm model can be best described by Langmuir model,with maximum adsorption capacity of DFPAC for MB dye was 195.2 mg g 1 at 50℃.The adsorption mechanism of MB by DFPAC surface was attributed to the electrostatic interaction,pp interaction,and Hbonding.Finally,the results support the ability of DFP to be a promising precursor for production of highly porous activated carbon suitable for removal of cationic dyes(e.g.MB).
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to optimize the chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method. [Method] By using 0.2 mg/ml ellagic acid standard solution, on the basis of single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, chromatographic conditions （mobile phase ratio, flow rate, col- umn temperature） for detecting ellagic acid using HPLC were optimized. Based on the optimal chromatographic conditions, the ellagic acid content in experimental pomegranate peels was determined. [Resull] The optimal chromatographic conditions for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method are： 1.2% phos- phoric acid：acetonitrile=85：15, column temperature of 35 ℃, and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The linear regression equation of ellagic acid is： y=2.9e＋0.6x＋4.4e＋5 （FF=9 999）. Ac- cording to the standard addition recovery test, the average recovery rate of ellagic acid is 98.20%, and RSD is 0.60%. Under above optimized chromatographic condi- tions, ellagic acid can be well separated from other interfering components in pomegranate peels, with shorter peak time and ideal effect, which is convenient for the detection in production practices. [Conclusion] This study laid the foundation for detecting ellagic acid in pomegranate peels using HPLC method.
文摘Cancer is one of the two leading human fatal diseases.Drug development for cancer intervention has progressed well in past decades yet existing drugs face many limitations in applications and effectiveness and are often associated with serious of side effects,which can further deteriorate the patients’quality of life.Recent development of natural product based and therapeutically sound anti-cancer agents have gained popularity in the field of functional foods,in which a few have demonstrated efficacy and minimal toxicity toward the prevention and treatment of carcinogenesis.With multiple active molecular components,citrus peels and derived extracts have demonstrated potent efficacious properties against various cancers due in large part to the rich content of flavonoids present in citrus peels.This review summarizes the results of currently available data regarding the in vivo anti-cancer activity of citrus peel flavonoids,and identifies opportunities for subsequent human clinical trials to assess preventive and therapeutic effects in the near future.
文摘Pomegranate peels were studied for the effect of gamma irradiation on microbial decontamination along with its effect on total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant activity. Gamma irradiation was applied at various dose levels (5.0, 10.0, 15.0 and 25.0 kGy) on pomegranate peel powder. Both the values of total phenolic content and in vitro antioxi- dant activity were positively correlated and showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) for 10.0 kGy irradiated dose level immediately after irradiation and 60 days of post irradiation storage. At 5.0 kGy and above dose level, gamma irradia- tion has reduced microbial count of pomegranate peel powder to nil. Post irradiation storage studies also showed that, the irradiated peel powder was microbiologically safe even after 90 days of storage period.
文摘Waste disposal management and the energy crisis are important challenges facing most countries.The fruit-processing industry generates daily several tons of wastes,of which the major share comes from banana farms.Anaerobic digestion(AD)technology has been applied to the treatment of wastewater,animal slurry,food waste,and agricultural residues,with the primary goals of energy production and waste elimination.This study examines the effect of organic loading(OL)and cow manure(CM)addition on AD performance when treating banana peel waste(BPW).The maximum daily biogas production rates of banana peels(BPs)with a CM content of 10%,20%,and 30%at 18 and 22 g of volatile solids(gvs)per liter were 50.20,48.66,and 62.78 mL (gvs.d)^-1 and 40.49,29.57,and 46.54 mL (gvs.d)^-1,respectively.However,the daily biogas yield showed no clear interdependence with OL or CM content.In addition,a kinetic analysis using first-order and cone models showed that the kinetic parameters can be influenced by the process parameters.
文摘Fruit wastes which are perishable pose a big problem to pollution monitoring agencies;however these problems can be reduced by utilizing the high value compounds present in the food waste. Banana peels contain a reasonable number of antioxidant compounds such as gallocatechin and dopamine. This paper investigates the anti-oxidant potential of two different varieties of Banana peels (Dwarf cavandish and Musa omini). The peels were extracted with two different solvents (Methanol and Ethanol) using the soxhlet extractor. The results show that ethanolic extracts have higher phenolics and flavonoid contents (336.83 - 383.83 mgGAE/100g, 242.83 - 252.82 mgRutin/100g) compared to the methanolic extracts of the same banana varieties (299.42 - 344 mgGAE/100g, 240.77 - 241.23 mgRutin/100g). However methanolic extracts exhibit higher DPPH Antioxidants Activity (30.82% - 51.66%) compared to ethanolic extracts (25.44% - 30.27%). This implies that antioxidative compounds other than phenolics and flavonoids were also involved in inhibiting the DPPH Radicals. It was also observed that at any concentration between 0.5 - 2.5 mg, ethanol extracts of both dwarf cavandish and musa omini had higher reducing power than the other two varieties.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Development Project of Shangdong Province "Study on Standardized Planting of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Central China and Comprehensive Development and Utilization Technology of Bulk Chinese Herbs"(2011BAI06B00)Construction Project of Scientific and Technological Plat form for Quality Control of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Shangdong Province(2008GG-2NS02022)+1 种基金Agricultural Thoroughbred Breeding Project of Shangdong Province(2009LZ01-03)Independent Innovation Project of Universities and Institutes from Science and Technology Bureau of Ji'nan City(200906028)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the differences in chemical composition of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. from Changqing district. [Method] Supercritical fluidextraction （SFE） and GCMS method were applied to determine and analyze the chemical components of the extracts in peels of three strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. [Result] The chemical components of supercritical CO2 extraction products in peels of three strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. varied., and the number of chemical components with normalized percentage content higher than 1% was 5, 7 and 8, respectively. There are 14 kinds of common components, and the relative content of hexadecanoic acid was the highest. [Conclusion] Supercritical CO2 extracts in peels of different strains of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. contain different chemical components, providing scientific basis for breeding excellent varieties and the development and utilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.
文摘Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) is one of the most important food plants in West Africa. Its peels are made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. This lignocellulolytic biomass can be converted using microbial enzymes to fermentable sugars which have wide range of biotechnological relevance in many fermentation processes. The aim of this study is to screen filamentous fungi from decaying cassava peels that are good producers of xylanases and cellulases. Decaying parts of cassava peels were obtained and brought to the laboratory for further work. Fungi were isolated, identified and screened for cellulase and xylanase production. Isolate with highest frequency of occurrence and enzyme production was identified using phenotypic and molecular method. Optimisation of growth conditions for enzymes production was monitored using the DNSA method, also saccharification of cassava peel were carried out using the enzymes obtained from the isolate. Aspergillus terreus KJ829487 was the predominant fungus. It produces cellulases and xylanases optimally at 40°C, pH 6 and 8, utilising carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or xylose and yeast extracts as its carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. Saccharification of the peels yielded 584 mg/L glucose, 78 mg/L xylose and 66 mg/L rhamnose. Aspergillus terreus KJ829487 obtained from cassava peels have the ability to produce high concentration cellulases and xylanases which effectively hydrolysed the lignocelluloses’ biomass to fermentable sugars.
基金Supported by Analysis and Testing Technology Program of Zhejiang Science and Technology Agency (2007F70027)Xinmiao Talent Program of Zhejiang Province(2008R40G2080020)Hangzhou Science and Technology Program (20091832B50,20101032B18)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to determine the optimal process conditions for extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient from citrus peels. [Method] Crude anti- allergic active extracts of citrus peels were extracted. Effects of extraction conditions including extraction temperature, ethanol concentration, extraction time and liquid-to-solid ratio on extraction were explored with single-factor experiment, and the extrac- tion process was optimized with orthogonal experiment. [Result] Based on the single- factor experiment and orthogonal experiment, the optimal extraction condition for crude anti-allergic active extracts of citrus peels were determined to be under extraction temperature of 60℃, ethanol concentration of 70%, extraction time of 60 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1：25 and twice extraction. [Concluslon] This process condition is of simple operation and high extraction efficiency, which is environment-friendly and suitable for the extraction of crude anti-allergic active extracts from citrus peels. This study provided a new approach and research ideas for the effective and rapid extraction of anti-allergic active ingredient in citrus peels.
文摘The study was carried out to determine the influence of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell supplemented with Ocimum gratissium leaves, using growth indices and blood constituents by goats. Eighteen goats with an average weight of 8.11 kg and aged between 8 and 9 months old were allotted to three dietary treatments with six animals per treatment in a complete randomized design. The compared diets which comprised combination of sweet potato peels and cashew nut shell with concentrate respectively were in different ratios which included diet I (30:25:45), diet II (25:30:45) and diet III (20:35:45). Each goat also received 8 grams of Ocimum gratissium leaves as supplement in the diet. The results showed that average feed intake (6.42 kg) and fed conversion ratio (2.15) were highest in diet I and significantly different from other diets. Diet II had the highest significant (P 3/L), lymphocytes (56.01%), monocytes (1.06%), total protein (7.65 g/dl), albumin (3.58 g/dl), globulin (4.07 g/dl) and triglyceride (2.29 mmol/L). White blood cell (7.01 × 103/L), neutrophils (49.82%), cholesterol (42.34 mmol/L), creatnine (1.59 mg/dl) and urea (18.29 mg/dl) were (P < 0.05) best in diet III, whereas initial bodyweight, average daily weight gain, eosinophils and basophils were not significantly different (P < 0.05). It is concluded that diet II has the potential to enhance growth rate and blood constituents of goats.
文摘Mangiferaindica L. （carabao mango）, AnnonaMuricata L. （soursop）, Citrofortunellamicrocarpa（calamansi）, and Musa acuminate x balbisianaColla （ABB Group） （plantain banana） have long been used in the processed food industries. However, the peelsof these fruits are normally disposed as waste or at most used as fertilizer and feeds. The objective of the study is to characterize the peels of these fruits as functional food/ingredient. Freeze-dried fruits peels of carabao mango, soursop, calamansi and plantain banana were analyzed for proximate composition, dietary fiber and phytonutrients contents, fermentability invitro and antioxidant activity. Results showed soursop peels having significantly higher soluble （12.75 g/100 g sample） and insoluble （62.55 g/100 g sample） dietary fiber among the fruit peels studied. All peels produced significant amounts of short chain fatty acids, propionate 〉 acetate 〉 butyrate. Carabao mango peels produced the highest amount of acetate while calamansipeels, the highest propionate （215.8± 3.6 mg/100 g）. Carabao mango and soursop peels have significantly greater total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanidins andantioxidant activity. The study showed that fruit peels of carabao mango, soursop, calamansi and plantain banana can be potential functional food ingredients.
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to extract the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels and explore its whitening effect. [ Method] Pomegranate peels were used as materials for single factor experiment to determine the optimal technique for effective ingredient extraction from pomegranate peels and explore the inhibition of the extracts on tyrosinase and whitening effect of the effective ingredient of pomegranate peels. [ Result] The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of effective ingredient in pomegranate peels were： liquid-to-solid ratio of 1：20 with 60% ethanol, extraction temperature of 60℃, ultrasonic intensity of 7 and pro- cessing time of 40 min, which led to relatively strong inhibition effect of pomegranate peel extracts on tyrosinase. The inhibition rate of extracts obtained with com- mon solvent reflux extraction method was only around 60%, while the inhibition rate of extracts obtained with ultrasound-assisted extraction method on tyrosinase ac- tivity had achieved around 90%, showing a very significant the difference, which indicated that during the process of extraction of effective ingredient from pome- granate peels, appropriate ultrasound-assistance was advantageous to the extraction of active ingredients; in addition, the inhibition effect of extracts on tyrosinase had increased with the increasing concentration of extracts, and the inhibition rate could achieve 100%. [ Condusion] This study provided a certain theoretical ba- sis for the utilization of pomegranate peels as natural green materials to develop whitening cosmetics.
文摘Fermentation has been exploited to improve agricultural waste products. Fermentation of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum) peels was carried out by soaking in clean water for 96 hours at room temperature during which samples were collected daily for microbial, physico-chemical and proximate analysis. Microbial load of both peels ranged from 9.0 × 105 to 8.6 × 106 cfu/ml;1.5 × 106 to 7.4 × 106 sfu/ml and 1.2 × 106 to 2.0 × 106 sfu/ml for bacteria, fungi and yeast respectively. The pH value of both peels decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with corresponding increase in the total titratable acidity (TTA) (P ≤ 0.05) and temperature (P ≥ 0.05) with time during fermentation. The percentage composition of moisture, ash, fat and protein content of both peels increased insignificantly (P ≥ 0.05) with values ranging from 8.91ab ± 0.62 to 12.19b ± 0.51, 3.69a ± 0.41 to 5.77a ± 0.58, 1.86a ± 0.54 to 4.57c ± 0.51 and 4.55a ± 0.45 to 7.74b ± 0.51 respectively, while the crude fiber and carbohydrate composition decreased insignificantly (P ≥ 0.05) with values ranging from 2.16a ± 0.43 to 3.97bc ± 0.64 and 41.83a ± 2.64 to 70.05bc ± 2.55 respectively, until the last day of fermentation as compared with the unfermented peels at 0 hour. However, there was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in the proximate composition of both peels. The results obtained from this study revealed that fermentation can bring about desirable changes in the nutrient composition of potato peels.
文摘The adsorption of Cr (III) ion from aqueous solution using orange peels as adsorbent was investigated using batch equilibrium technique. The research is significant as it’s aimed at investigating the suitability of orange peel, a waste product as adsorbent for the adsorption of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solution. Orange peel as an adsorbent is resource-saving and has an environmental friendly behavior. Adsorption envelope experiment was conducted using a constant Cr (III) ion concentration of 0.1 M, adsorbent dose of 2.5 g and a temperature of 30°C at varying solution pH of 2, 4, 7, 9 and 12 respectively with pH of 2 having the highest adsorption and therefore it was selected for use in the adsorption isotherm experiment. Adsorption isotherm experiment was conducted at varying temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C), concentration (0.1 M, 0.2 M and 0.3 M) Cr(NO3)3. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH, ΔHr, ΔA, and ΔS were calculated from the experimental data which showed that the adsorption process is feasible, spontaneous and followed physisorption mechanism 9H2O and adsorbent dosage (1 g, 1.5 g and 2 g) respectively. The experimental results were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich, Linear and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The experimental data best fitted the Freundlich isotherm model. The experimental results revealed the suitability of orange peel which is a waste product as effective adsorbent for the sorption of chromium (III) ions from aqueous solution.
文摘Cassava peels are rich in lignocellulolytic materials which are not readily amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis;hence, there is a need for a suitable pretreatment method that will support enzymatic hydrolysis. This study was designed to investigate lignocellulolytic organisms that would effectively support the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars. Decaying cassava peels were collected into sterile bottles and microorganisms isolated, characterized and screened for lignocellulolytic enzymes production. Optimum temperature, pH and nutrient sources for enzyme production were determined. Organosolv pretreatment was carried out using methanol with varied concentration of catalyst (0.01 - 3 M), reaction time (15 - 60 min) and substrate size. Crude enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) from the isolates were added to the pretreated peels and bioconversion was monitored by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar and calculating the percentage peel hydrolysis. The fermentable sugars produced were quantified using gas chromatography. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus terreus were isolated. P. fluorescens produces 2.8 u/mL of crude enzymes optimally at 50°C and pH 8 while A. terreus produces 3.4 u/mL optimally at 40°C, pH 6. Both isolates utilizes CarboxyMethylCellulose (CMC) and yeast extract as their best carbon and nitrogen sources. Highest percentage of peel hydrolysis was 67% for P. fluorescens at 0.01 M and 0.05 M for A. terreus (94%). Highest concentration of fermentable sugar was produced by A. terreus crude enzyme (331.79 mg/L glucose, 45.3 mg/L rhamnose and 46.52 mg/L xylose). P. fluorescens and A. terreus effectively supported the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2011GXNSFF018006)
文摘[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the infrared （IR） spectra fingerprints for peels of Citrus grandis from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [ Method ] The fingerprint was established by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ FT-IR）, and then were analyzed by Omic software. [ Result ] IR spectra fin- gerprint of C. grand/s were successfully established. There were six common peaks in the characteristic spectra of 12 samples. [ Conclusion] The specific, rapid and stable method can be applied to quality control of C. grandis.
文摘Adsorption techniques using meshed groundnut husks and plantain peels have provided cheap alternative to the conventional methods of crude oil spillage control and also for good waste management approach. The biodegradable nature of these adsorbents makes it a better alternative to the non biodegradable synthetic polymers. Dry unripe plantain peels and groundnut husks were used to prepare the adsorbents. The adsorption and percentage removal of crude oil from effluent produce water was dependent on adsorbent dosage, contact time,temperature and particle size. The particle size of the adsorbents should not be less than 150 μm to avoid making the particles so loosed thus posing difficulty in recovery. The two adsorbents exhibit high affinity for oil adsorption with time especially at 75 μm, groundnut husk has a better performance because of its larger surface area and the presence of residual oil in the plantain peels. Agitation at 150 r.min-1 and contact time between 15 - 75 min are recommended. The optimum adsorption temperature ranged between 25°C - 45°C and 15°C - 45°C for groundnut husks and plantain peels respectively. The adsorption data indicated that a pseudo-second- order equation could be used to study the adsorption kinetics of both adsorbents.
文摘Only 42% of Uganda’s population has access to electricity. The population continues to use firewood and charcoal as a source of energy, which leads to depletion of forests thus to climate change. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of biogas production from jackfruit waste, banana peels, and pineapple peels when co-digested with cow dung as an alternative energy source. Substrates for each waste were co-digested with varying proportions (0%, 25%, and 50%) of cow dung using laboratory-scale 250 mL anaerobic digestors. The total biogas generation for jackfruit waste, banana peels, and pineapple peels after 30 days of anaerobic digestion was 82.3, 189, and 262 mL, respectively. When jack fruit waste, pineapple peels and banana peels were co-digested with 25% cow dung, the total amount of biogas produced increased by a factor of two and three, respectively. However, 50% of cow dung only significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved for jack fruit waste by two folds. Therefore, the results indicated that jackfruit waste, banana and pineapple peels can be used for biogas production to augment energy supply. .
