In a famous paper published in 1982, a very special class of gunshot residue particles(GSR) was named by Samarendra Basu "peeled orange", due to their particular structure, consisting of a barium/antimony co...In a famous paper published in 1982, a very special class of gunshot residue particles(GSR) was named by Samarendra Basu "peeled orange", due to their particular structure, consisting of a barium/antimony core covered by an outer lead leaflet. In this class of GSR particles the surface may show nodular structures of lead. Basu proposed an explanation in terms of a nucleus of antimony and barium that captures lead vapours produced after the explosion of a cartridge into a firearm: as solidification points of antimony and barium are close one another, both higher than solidification point of lead, he stated that lead occurs as a layer around the core in peeled orange GSR particles. In this paper we study the thermodynamic of the barium/antimony alloy and we hypothesize a formation process in terms of colloidal metal growth, charged particles and electrostatic attraction. We propose an updated model of formation for peeled orange GSR particles that explains the existence of outer lead leaflet and nodules in terms of electrostatic attraction of lead nanoparticles and instability of lead droplets.展开更多
Peeled naked oat kernels, named “oat rice” (OR) by Chinese food scientists and processors, are novel oat products in China. This study exam-ined the effects of steaming and roasting treat-ments on the enzyme activit...Peeled naked oat kernels, named “oat rice” (OR) by Chinese food scientists and processors, are novel oat products in China. This study exam-ined the effects of steaming and roasting treat-ments on the enzyme activities, nutritional con-tents, and flour pasting properties of OR kernels. Results showed that a peeling time of 20 s caused 16.13% β-glucan loss, while a peeling time 25 s caused 34.29% β-glucan loss in the kernels. OR kernels with a 20 s peeling treatment demonstrated significantly higher starch levels and kernel whiteness compared with normal oat kernels (P<0.01). It was also found that normal pressure steaming, autoclaved steaming and infrared roasting treatments could exterminate lipase activities in the OR kernels, and provide the OR kernels with significantly lower final viscosities and setback values than normal kernels (P<0.01).展开更多
Peeled walnut kernels,rich in lipids,are prone to oxidation,resulting in undesirable odors such as rancidity and pungency due to the formation of aldehydes,ketones,and acids.This study examined kernels oxidized at 60...Peeled walnut kernels,rich in lipids,are prone to oxidation,resulting in undesirable odors such as rancidity and pungency due to the formation of aldehydes,ketones,and acids.This study examined kernels oxidized at 60℃ over varying periods,assessing odor profiles through sensory evaluation and principal component analysis(PCA)using a gas-phase electronic nose.Threshold values for physicochemical indices such as acid value(AV),peroxide value(POV),p-anisidine value(p-AnV),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content,were determined based on correlation analysis and oxidation kinetic models.Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)was utilized to analyze the volatile components of peeled walnut kernels during different oxidation times,and characteristic odor indices were determined by combining relative odor activity value(ROAV)and partial least squares regression(PLSR).The oxidation process was categorized into five stages(0–10,15,20,25,and 30 days),with significant quality deterioration noted at 15 days,marked by a consumer acceptance score below 6 and dominant rancid odors.The determined threshold values were 0.9 mg/g for AV,1.5 mmol/kg for POV,0.9 for p-AnV,6.0 for TOTOX,and 3.5μg/mL for MDA,respectively.Volatile compounds such as(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,hexanal,and(E)-2-octenal were identified as key contributors to the odor profile.Among these,hexanal and(E)-2-octenal demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for POV and p-AnV,with threshold values were 1.8 and 0.9 mg/kg,respectively.This indicates that physicochemical indicators reached the threshold values at the same time as pronounced lipid oxidation and rancidity.展开更多
The effect of high-humidity hot air impingement blanching(HHAIB)peeling as an alternative to conventional lye peeling(LP)and hot-water peeling(HWP)on the peeled tomatoes texture required deep investigation,and reveale...The effect of high-humidity hot air impingement blanching(HHAIB)peeling as an alternative to conventional lye peeling(LP)and hot-water peeling(HWP)on the peeled tomatoes texture required deep investigation,and revealed the mechanism from cell morphology,cell wall ultrastructure,pectin properties,and enzyme activities.Results suggested that HHAIB treatment reduced the hardness,changed the cell morphology and structure,and decreased water-soluble pectin(WSP)content.Furthermore,the pectin methylesterase(PME)and polygalacturonase(PG)activities decreased by 15.29%and 89.15%;the degree of esterification of WSP and chelatesoluble pectin(CSP)was decreased;the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition indicated that the main chains of WSP mainly undergo depolymerization.Compared to LP and HWP,HHAIB peeled tomatoes showed lower cell damage,WSP degradation,and PME and PG activities,thus having higher hardness.The findings revealed the texture-softening mechanism driven by HHAIB,and confirmed the applicability of HHAIB peeling as an innovative technology to produce peeled tomatoes with better-preserved qualities.展开更多
Fig(Ficus carica L.)with purple-red peel cultivars are popular among consumers and exhibit better storability.While DNA methylation influences fruit ripening and color development,its specific role in fig fruit remain...Fig(Ficus carica L.)with purple-red peel cultivars are popular among consumers and exhibit better storability.While DNA methylation influences fruit ripening and color development,its specific role in fig fruit remains unclear.This study explores the impact of DNA methylation on the fig peel coloration.Enzymatic colorimetric detection revealed that the level of‘Purple Peel’fig DNA methylation decreases with fig fruit ripening and coloring.Treatment of young fruit with the DNA-methylation inhibitor azacytidine induced peel coloration,suggesting that a decrease in DNA-methylation level promotes fig peel coloration.Seven members of DNA methyltransferases and three members of DNA demethylases were identified from a high-level fig genome,highlighting FcMET1 and FcDRM2 as stable proteins,ensuring functional expression.Reference to the Arabidopsis protein interaction network map predicted that FcMET1 is in a central position,suggesting a crucial regulatory role in multiple biological processes.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between FcMET1 expression during peel development and the level of total DNA methylation.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression of FcMET1 with the color-related transcription factors MYB,bHLH and WD40,as well as with eight structural genes in the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway.The expression of FcUFGT3 was negatively correlated with that of FcMET1.McrBC-PCR and Bisulfite Sequencing detection showed that a low methylation level of the FcUFGT3 promoter corresponds with its high expression in colored fig.This investigation of the mechanism of DNA methylation provides a theoretical basis for understanding the role of DNA-methylation modifications in fig ripening and coloring.展开更多
This study investigates the potential of starch extracted from underutilized agro-industrial resources as non-food-competing raw materials for the development of flexible bioplastics for food packaging applications.St...This study investigates the potential of starch extracted from underutilized agro-industrial resources as non-food-competing raw materials for the development of flexible bioplastics for food packaging applications.Starch was extracted from three biomass sources:rubber cassava(Manihot glaziovii),banana stem,and banana peel from Ambonese banana(Musa acuminata L.).Rubber cassava starch(SRC)exhibited the highest starch yield(50.68±0.28%),significantly surpassing banana stem(SBS,14.20±0.25%)and banana peel(SBP,3.07±0.15%).The amylose contents of SRC,SBS,and SBP were 28.18%,52.80%,and 56.57%,respectively,while their amylopectin contents were 71.83%,47.20%,and 43.43%.FTIR spectra confirmed the absence of cyanogenic groups in SRC,indicating its safety for packaging applications.XRD analysis revealed that PSRC films were predominantly amorphous,while PSBS and PSBP showed higher crystallinity.The enhancement of mechanical properties,specifically PSBS,showed the highest tensile strength at 16.04±0.56 MPa,whereas PSRC demonstrated the highest elongation at break at 23.57±0.40%,which could be attributed to the inherent characteristics of the starch sources.Additionally,PSRC film exhibited the highest transparency at 60.2%,the greatest water solubility at 34.92%,and the lowest water contact angle at 41.58○,confirming its more hydrophilic nature compared to other films.This work highlights the potential of low-cost,sustainable,and non-food agro-industrial starch sources as promising candidates for the development of flexible,eco-friendly bioplastics.展开更多
Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fund...Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fundamental trade-off between haze and transparency,coupled with impractical thicknesses(≥1 mm).Inspired by squid’s skin-peeling mechanism,this work develops a peroxyformic acid(HCOOOH)-enabled precision peeling strategy to isolate intact 10-μm-thick bamboo green(BG)frameworks—100×thinner than wood-based counterparts while achieving an unprecedented optical performance(88%haze with 80%transparency).This performance surpasses delignified biomass(transparency<40%at 1 mm)and matches engineered cellulose composites,yet requires no energy-intensive nanofibrillation.The preserved native cellulose I crystalline structure(64.76%crystallinity)and wax-coated uniaxial fibril alignment(Hermans factor:0.23)contribute to high mechanical strength(903 MPa modulus)and broadband light scattering.As a light-management layer in polycrystalline silicon solar cells,the BG framework boosts photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.41%absolute(18.74%→19.15%),outperforming synthetic anti-reflective coatings.The work establishes a scalable,waste-to-wealth route for optical-grade cellulose materials in next-generation optoelectronics.展开更多
Peel color is an important appearance quality of melons that significantly affects consumer preferences.In this study,a near-isogenic line NIL-G(dark green peel)was generated from B8(grey-green peel)and B15(white peel...Peel color is an important appearance quality of melons that significantly affects consumer preferences.In this study,a near-isogenic line NIL-G(dark green peel)was generated from B8(grey-green peel)and B15(white peel).The F_2 population constructed by crossing NIL-G and B15 was used to study the inheritance pattern of peel color,and bulked-segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)was employed to identify the interval in which the target gene was located.Genetic analysis showed that a dominant gene controls the dark green peel trait at maturity.BSAseq and molecular markers were used to localize the candidate gene in a 263.7 kb interval of chromosome 4,which contained the CmAPRR2 gene with known functions.Moreover,allelic sequence analysis revealed four SNP variations of the CmAPRR2 gene in B15,of which SNP.G614331A was located at the junction of the 6th exon and 6th intron.The G-to-A mutation caused alternative splicing of the transcript of CmAPRR2 in B15,generating two transcripts(CmAPRR2-A and CmAPRR2-B)with premature termination codons.Furthermore,the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker,APRR2-G/A,was developed based on this SNP and shown to co-segregate with the peel color phenotype in the F_(2) population.Compared to white-peel B15,the expression level of CmAPRR2 in dark green peel NIL-G was higher at each growth stage.Therefore,CmAPRR2 may be the key gene controlling the fruit color of melons.This study identified a novel allelic variant of CmAPRR2 that leads to white peel formation in mature melons.We also provides a theoretical basis for further research on the gene regulatory mechanism of melon peel colors,which promotes using molecular marker-assisted selection to modify melon peel colors in the future.展开更多
The deposition layer on the discharge channel wall of a Hall thruster after long-term operation occasionally detaches from the wall and interferes with the plasma inside the channel,resulting in current pulse and thre...The deposition layer on the discharge channel wall of a Hall thruster after long-term operation occasionally detaches from the wall and interferes with the plasma inside the channel,resulting in current pulse and threatening the power supply.To understand the generation mechanism of the current pulse,the interaction between the peeling material and the channel plasma was studied by the particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo collision(PIC/MCC)method.The plasma evolution and distribution in the Hall thruster channel when peeling material existed were simulated.Simulation results show that the peeling material changes the electron transportation and ionization,and the effects are related to the position of the peeling material.When the peeling material invades the zone where the ionization rate is originally the highest without peeling material,the ionization process is almost terminated.The ionization suppression by the peeling material will cause the propellant gas to refill the channel exit.As the peeling material moves away,gas discharge is induced near the channel exit,resulting in anode current pulse.展开更多
As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a ...As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.展开更多
This study aimed to develop and evaluate antimicrobial herbal creams formulated with fresh and dried banana peel(FBP and DBP)extracts for cosmetic applications.Given the abundance of lignocellulosic and bioactive comp...This study aimed to develop and evaluate antimicrobial herbal creams formulated with fresh and dried banana peel(FBP and DBP)extracts for cosmetic applications.Given the abundance of lignocellulosic and bioactive compounds in banana peels,their use in skincare products may provide a natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.Creams were prepared using standardized formulations containing either fresh or dried banana peel extract.Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Aspergillus niger,and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method.Physical properties,including spreadability,pH,homogeneity,and stability,were also evaluated and compared to a commercial cream.The FBP-based cream exhibited strong antibacterial activity,particularly against S.aureus and P.aeruginosa,with inhibition zones up to 40.73 mm.In contrast,the DBP-based cream showed superior antifungal activity against C.albicans and A.niger,with zones up to 49.63 mm.FBP creams also demonstrated better spreadability(34.0 g·cm/s)and uniformity compared to DBP.The results suggest that banana peel extracts possess significant antimicrobial properties and are suitable for use in topical formulations.FBP is more effective for antibacterial applications,while DBP shows stronger antifungal activity.Combining both may offer broad-spectrum protection.Further work should include compound characterization and formulation controls to optimize efficacy.展开更多
Cyanobacterial blooms or algae problems in aquaculture fish-ponds are becoming a big concern to fish farmers due to reduced production of fish.Although several studies have been conducted around the globe focusing on ...Cyanobacterial blooms or algae problems in aquaculture fish-ponds are becoming a big concern to fish farmers due to reduced production of fish.Although several studies have been conducted around the globe focusing on cyanobacterial blooms in oceans and lakes,little has been done on inhibition of algal biomass impacting fish-ponds in aquaculture industry.The present study assessed the potential of banana peel ashes and potassium sulphate on algal growth inhibition within fish-ponds based on a six-weeks mesocosm experiment conducted with varying ash concentrations(i.e.,2,4,6,8,10 g·L-1).This study analysed differences among treatments for the various nutrient variables(nitrates,ammonium and phosphates)at the end of the experiment.The significant experimental differences in physicochemical variables among the study weeks(i.e.,1–6 weeks),treatments(three levels,including controls)and ash concentrations using factorial repeated measures ANOVA were further tested.Moreover,algal growth was determined in order to test the efficiency of treatment n inhibiting algal growth by measuring chlorophyll-a concentration across 6 weeks.Banana peel ashes performed significantly well on inhibition of algal growth than potassium sulphate,except for controls.However,no clear patterns between pH and conductivity were observed throughout the experiment.The present study found that banana peel ashes do not have notable effects on water quality variable,particularly physicochemical parameters,which did not significantly change from first week of experiment.With banana peel ashes being the best inhibitor according to the findings of the present study,further studies are required to investigate the effects of banana peel ashes on fish within the ponds.展开更多
Polymeric materials,known for their lightweight and strength,are widely used today.However,their non-biodegradable nature poses significant environmental challenges.This research aimed to develop biodegradable films f...Polymeric materials,known for their lightweight and strength,are widely used today.However,their non-biodegradable nature poses significant environmental challenges.This research aimed to develop biodegradable films from fruits and vegetables,using alginate as a binding agent.Using a completely randomized design,seven experimental sets were prepared with carrots,Kimju guava,and Namwa banana peel fibers as the primary materials and alginate as the secondary material at three levels:1.2,1.8,and 2.4 by weight.The solution technique was employed to create the samples.Upon testing mechanical and physical properties,experimental set 3,consisting of 60%guava and 1.8%alginate,emerged as the optimal ratio.This combination exhibited favorable physical properties,including a thickness of 0.26±0.02 mm,meeting the standards for food packaging films.Additionally,the tensile strength was 0.50±0.01 N/m²,and the elongation at break was 55.60±0.44%.Regarding chemical properties,the moisture content of 5.64±0.03%fell within the acceptable range for dried food.Furthermore,a 30-day soil burial test revealed that the sample from experimental set 3 exhibited the highest degradation rate.In conclusion,these findings suggest that guava can be a promising raw material for producing biodegradable plastics suitable for packaging applications.展开更多
Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism...Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.展开更多
Background During the transition period,excessive negative energy balance(NEB)lead to metabolic disorders and reduced milk yield.Rumen microbes are responsible for resolving plant material and producing volatile fatty...Background During the transition period,excessive negative energy balance(NEB)lead to metabolic disorders and reduced milk yield.Rumen microbes are responsible for resolving plant material and producing volatile fatty acids(VFA),which are the primary energy source for cows.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of citrus peel extract(CPE)supplementation on rumen microbiota composition,energy metabolism and milk performance of peri-partum dairy cows.Methods Dairy cows were fed either a basal diet(CON group)or the same basal diet supplemented with CPE via intragastric administration(4 g/d,CPE group)for 6 weeks(3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving;n=15 per group).Samples of serum,milk,rumen fluid,adipose tissue,and liver were collected to assess the effects of CPE on rumen microbiota composition,rumen fermentation parameters,milk performance,and energy metabolic status of dairy cows.Results CPE supplementation led to an increase in milk yield,milk protein and lactose contents,and serum glucose levels,while reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid,β-hydroxybutyric acid,insulin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and haptoglobin during the first month of lactation.CPE supplemen-tation also increased the content of ruminal VFA.Compared to the CON group,the abundance of Prevotellaceae,Methanobacteriaceae,Bacteroidales_RF16_group,and Selenomonadaceae was found increased,while the abun-dance of Oscillospiraceae,F082,Ruminococcaceae,Christensenellaceae,Muribaculaceae UCG-011,Saccharimona-daceae,Hungateiclostridiaceae,and Spirochaetaceae in the CPE group was found decreased.In adipose tissue,CPE supplementation decreased lipolysis,and inflammatory response,while increased insulin sensitivity.In the liver,CPE supplementation decreased lipid accumulation,increased insulin sensitivity,and upregulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis.Conclusions Our findings suggest that CPE supplementation during the peripartum period altered rumen micro-biota composition and increased ruminal VFA contents,which further improved NEB and lactation performance,alleviated lipolysis and inflammatory response in adipose tissue,reduced lipid accumulation and promoted gluconeo-genesis in liver.Thus,CPE might contribute to improve energy metabolism and consequently lactation performance of dairy cows during the transition period.展开更多
Dug well water in the working area of the Jongaya Community Health Center often fails to meet clean water quality standards due to low pH(6.1)and high organic matter content(14 mg/L),exceeding the limits set by Indone...Dug well water in the working area of the Jongaya Community Health Center often fails to meet clean water quality standards due to low pH(6.1)and high organic matter content(14 mg/L),exceeding the limits set by Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No.32 of 2017,which poses a risk of digestive disorders and skin diseases.Addressing this gap,this study evaluates the effectiveness of quicklime(CaO)and aluminum sulfate[Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)]in improving dug well water quality through a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design.Water samples were purposively collected from contaminated wells and treated using quicklime,aluminum sulfate,and their combination at doses of 1 g,10 g,and 20 g,each replicated three times,with pH and organic matter content measured before and after treatment and analyzed using a paired t-test.Results showed that 1 g of CaO significantly increased pH from 6.1 to 7.88(p<0:05),meeting the clean water quality threshold(≥6:5),while 20 g of Al_(2)(_(S)O_(4))_(3)reduced organic matter content from 170.91 mg/L to 126.11 mg/L,and the combined treatment achieved the best outcome,with a 46.75%reduction in organic matter and a pH increase to 8.63,both meeting standards.All treatments were statistically significant(p<0:05),indicating that CaO and Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)are effective for improving dug well water quality in at-risk communities.The findings highlight the urgency of promoting proper application and optimal dosing,supported by long-term monitoring,and provide novel evidence on the combined use of these chemicals for addressing a local public health challenge.展开更多
Pectin is a natural polysaccharide with a complex structure consisting of linear and branched regions rich in galacturonic acid.The growing interest in orange peel pectin can be attributed to its abundant supply.Accor...Pectin is a natural polysaccharide with a complex structure consisting of linear and branched regions rich in galacturonic acid.The growing interest in orange peel pectin can be attributed to its abundant supply.According to statistics,about 10 million tons of orange peel waste are produced worldwide each year.Traditionally,the extraction and utilization of pectin have focused on its gelling,thickening,and stabilizing properties in food.However,as more and more research teams have found that pectin has good biocompatibility,biodegradability and easy chemical modification,its potential in drug delivery systems,tissue engineering,and wound healing is gradually being explored.This review focuses on orange peel pectin polysaccharides and discusses its traditional and modern extraction techniques,especially the advanced method of subcritical water extraction.This study also outlines the structural modifications of pectin such as methylation and acetylation,and introduces its antioxidant and anticancer biological activities and their emerging roles in the development of advanced biomaterials such as bone tissue engineering and fibre pad dressings.展开更多
Background:A growing body of research is exploring the role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory dietary supplements in the treatment of osteoarthritis,highlighting an increasing emphasis on nonpharmacological interve...Background:A growing body of research is exploring the role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory dietary supplements in the treatment of osteoarthritis,highlighting an increasing emphasis on nonpharmacological interventions.Although more patients are turning to supplements to manage osteoarthritis,their actual effectiveness remains uncertain.Objective:This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence concerning the efficacy of various dietary supplements in osteoarthritis treatment.Search strategy:We searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies on the use of various dietary supplements in the treatment of osteoarthritis from the creation of each database until Jan 20,2025.Inclusion criteria:(1)Research object:osteoarthritis.(2)Intervention measures:patients in the treatment group received dietary supplements,while the control group received placebos.(3)Research type:randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Data extraction and analysis:Two researchers independently examined the literature and retrieved data based on predefined criteria.The information gathered included the first author,year of publication,sample size,participant demographics,length of the follow-up period,intervention and control measures,and inclusion indications.RCTs comparing dietary supplements to placebo with the pain and function subscales of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)among patients with osteoarthritis were included.The optimal dietary supplement was identified based on the total ranking by summing the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)of these two scores.Furthermore,the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to confirm the quality of the evidence.Results:Overall,23 studies covering 21 dietary supplements and involving 2455 participants met the inclusion criteria.In the WOMAC pain score,the SUCRA of passion fruit peel extract was 91%(mean difference[MD]:–9.2;95%confidence interval[CI]:[–16.0,–2.3]),followed by methylsulfonylmethane(89%),undenatured type II collagen(87%),collagen(84%),and Lanconone(82%).The SUCRA(99%)of passion fruit peel extract(MD:–41.0;95%CI:[–66.0,–16.0])ranked first in terms of the WOMAC function score,followed by Lanconone(95%),collagen(86%),ParActin(84%),and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota(83%).The top three total rankings are passion fruit peel extract(95.0%),Lanconone(88.5%),and collagen(85.0%).However,the GRADE revealed low evidence quality.Conclusion:Passion fruit peel extract was the best supplement for improving WOMAC pain and function scores in patients with osteoarthritis,followed by Lanconone and collagen.However,further large-scale,well designed RCTs are required to substantiate these promising findings.展开更多
Hard-magnetic soft materials exhibit significant shape morphing capabilities under non-contact magnetic actuation, yet their particulate composition tends to compromise material toughness. To quantify particle-matrix ...Hard-magnetic soft materials exhibit significant shape morphing capabilities under non-contact magnetic actuation, yet their particulate composition tends to compromise material toughness. To quantify particle-matrix interactions, we present a mechanics model describing the energy functional of planar magnetic composites. Through the Fourier series, the analytical solutions for stress distribution and interfacial peeling length of a single particle-polymer unit are derived with the Rayleigh-Ritz method under uniaxial tension. The calculated results of stress fields without the magnetic field agree well with those of the finite element method. The effects of external magnetic field strength and particle content on the stress distribution and peeling length are fully explored, and the enhanced analytical outcomes are obtained through numerical prediction.These insights can be used to validate the reliability of engineering designs, including adaptive structures, micro-electro-mechanical sensors, and soft robotic systems.展开更多
文摘In a famous paper published in 1982, a very special class of gunshot residue particles(GSR) was named by Samarendra Basu "peeled orange", due to their particular structure, consisting of a barium/antimony core covered by an outer lead leaflet. In this class of GSR particles the surface may show nodular structures of lead. Basu proposed an explanation in terms of a nucleus of antimony and barium that captures lead vapours produced after the explosion of a cartridge into a firearm: as solidification points of antimony and barium are close one another, both higher than solidification point of lead, he stated that lead occurs as a layer around the core in peeled orange GSR particles. In this paper we study the thermodynamic of the barium/antimony alloy and we hypothesize a formation process in terms of colloidal metal growth, charged particles and electrostatic attraction. We propose an updated model of formation for peeled orange GSR particles that explains the existence of outer lead leaflet and nodules in terms of electrostatic attraction of lead nanoparticles and instability of lead droplets.
文摘Peeled naked oat kernels, named “oat rice” (OR) by Chinese food scientists and processors, are novel oat products in China. This study exam-ined the effects of steaming and roasting treat-ments on the enzyme activities, nutritional con-tents, and flour pasting properties of OR kernels. Results showed that a peeling time of 20 s caused 16.13% β-glucan loss, while a peeling time 25 s caused 34.29% β-glucan loss in the kernels. OR kernels with a 20 s peeling treatment demonstrated significantly higher starch levels and kernel whiteness compared with normal oat kernels (P<0.01). It was also found that normal pressure steaming, autoclaved steaming and infrared roasting treatments could exterminate lipase activities in the OR kernels, and provide the OR kernels with significantly lower final viscosities and setback values than normal kernels (P<0.01).
文摘Peeled walnut kernels,rich in lipids,are prone to oxidation,resulting in undesirable odors such as rancidity and pungency due to the formation of aldehydes,ketones,and acids.This study examined kernels oxidized at 60℃ over varying periods,assessing odor profiles through sensory evaluation and principal component analysis(PCA)using a gas-phase electronic nose.Threshold values for physicochemical indices such as acid value(AV),peroxide value(POV),p-anisidine value(p-AnV),total oxidation value(TOTOX),and malondialdehyde(MDA)content,were determined based on correlation analysis and oxidation kinetic models.Headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME/GC-MS)was utilized to analyze the volatile components of peeled walnut kernels during different oxidation times,and characteristic odor indices were determined by combining relative odor activity value(ROAV)and partial least squares regression(PLSR).The oxidation process was categorized into five stages(0–10,15,20,25,and 30 days),with significant quality deterioration noted at 15 days,marked by a consumer acceptance score below 6 and dominant rancid odors.The determined threshold values were 0.9 mg/g for AV,1.5 mmol/kg for POV,0.9 for p-AnV,6.0 for TOTOX,and 3.5μg/mL for MDA,respectively.Volatile compounds such as(E,E)-2,4-decadienal,hexanal,and(E)-2-octenal were identified as key contributors to the odor profile.Among these,hexanal and(E)-2-octenal demonstrated strong predictive accuracy for POV and p-AnV,with threshold values were 1.8 and 0.9 mg/kg,respectively.This indicates that physicochemical indicators reached the threshold values at the same time as pronounced lipid oxidation and rancidity.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Henan(252300420657)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural Universitythe High-level Talent Research Fund Project of Henan University of Technology(2024BS042).
文摘The effect of high-humidity hot air impingement blanching(HHAIB)peeling as an alternative to conventional lye peeling(LP)and hot-water peeling(HWP)on the peeled tomatoes texture required deep investigation,and revealed the mechanism from cell morphology,cell wall ultrastructure,pectin properties,and enzyme activities.Results suggested that HHAIB treatment reduced the hardness,changed the cell morphology and structure,and decreased water-soluble pectin(WSP)content.Furthermore,the pectin methylesterase(PME)and polygalacturonase(PG)activities decreased by 15.29%and 89.15%;the degree of esterification of WSP and chelatesoluble pectin(CSP)was decreased;the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition indicated that the main chains of WSP mainly undergo depolymerization.Compared to LP and HWP,HHAIB peeled tomatoes showed lower cell damage,WSP degradation,and PME and PG activities,thus having higher hardness.The findings revealed the texture-softening mechanism driven by HHAIB,and confirmed the applicability of HHAIB peeling as an innovative technology to produce peeled tomatoes with better-preserved qualities.
基金supported by 111 Project(Grant No.B17043)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M723425).
文摘Fig(Ficus carica L.)with purple-red peel cultivars are popular among consumers and exhibit better storability.While DNA methylation influences fruit ripening and color development,its specific role in fig fruit remains unclear.This study explores the impact of DNA methylation on the fig peel coloration.Enzymatic colorimetric detection revealed that the level of‘Purple Peel’fig DNA methylation decreases with fig fruit ripening and coloring.Treatment of young fruit with the DNA-methylation inhibitor azacytidine induced peel coloration,suggesting that a decrease in DNA-methylation level promotes fig peel coloration.Seven members of DNA methyltransferases and three members of DNA demethylases were identified from a high-level fig genome,highlighting FcMET1 and FcDRM2 as stable proteins,ensuring functional expression.Reference to the Arabidopsis protein interaction network map predicted that FcMET1 is in a central position,suggesting a crucial regulatory role in multiple biological processes.Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between FcMET1 expression during peel development and the level of total DNA methylation.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified co-expression of FcMET1 with the color-related transcription factors MYB,bHLH and WD40,as well as with eight structural genes in the flavonoid-biosynthesis pathway.The expression of FcUFGT3 was negatively correlated with that of FcMET1.McrBC-PCR and Bisulfite Sequencing detection showed that a low methylation level of the FcUFGT3 promoter corresponds with its high expression in colored fig.This investigation of the mechanism of DNA methylation provides a theoretical basis for understanding the role of DNA-methylation modifications in fig ripening and coloring.
基金supported by the RIIM BRIN and LPDP Grants,grant number B-2880/II.7.5/KS.00/4/2025 dan B-7930/III.6/TK.01.03/4/2025 under the scheme BRIN-KONEKSI Joint Call for Proposalsthe theme“Indonesia's Bioeconomy:Maximising Sustainable Marine Biodiversity Utilisation 2024”No 6/II.7/HK/2025.
文摘This study investigates the potential of starch extracted from underutilized agro-industrial resources as non-food-competing raw materials for the development of flexible bioplastics for food packaging applications.Starch was extracted from three biomass sources:rubber cassava(Manihot glaziovii),banana stem,and banana peel from Ambonese banana(Musa acuminata L.).Rubber cassava starch(SRC)exhibited the highest starch yield(50.68±0.28%),significantly surpassing banana stem(SBS,14.20±0.25%)and banana peel(SBP,3.07±0.15%).The amylose contents of SRC,SBS,and SBP were 28.18%,52.80%,and 56.57%,respectively,while their amylopectin contents were 71.83%,47.20%,and 43.43%.FTIR spectra confirmed the absence of cyanogenic groups in SRC,indicating its safety for packaging applications.XRD analysis revealed that PSRC films were predominantly amorphous,while PSBS and PSBP showed higher crystallinity.The enhancement of mechanical properties,specifically PSBS,showed the highest tensile strength at 16.04±0.56 MPa,whereas PSRC demonstrated the highest elongation at break at 23.57±0.40%,which could be attributed to the inherent characteristics of the starch sources.Additionally,PSRC film exhibited the highest transparency at 60.2%,the greatest water solubility at 34.92%,and the lowest water contact angle at 41.58○,confirming its more hydrophilic nature compared to other films.This work highlights the potential of low-cost,sustainable,and non-food agro-industrial starch sources as promising candidates for the development of flexible,eco-friendly bioplastics.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32494793).
文摘Cellulose frameworks have emerged as promising materials for light management due to their exceptional light-scattering capabilities and sustainable nature.Conventional biomass-derived cellulose frameworks face a fundamental trade-off between haze and transparency,coupled with impractical thicknesses(≥1 mm).Inspired by squid’s skin-peeling mechanism,this work develops a peroxyformic acid(HCOOOH)-enabled precision peeling strategy to isolate intact 10-μm-thick bamboo green(BG)frameworks—100×thinner than wood-based counterparts while achieving an unprecedented optical performance(88%haze with 80%transparency).This performance surpasses delignified biomass(transparency<40%at 1 mm)and matches engineered cellulose composites,yet requires no energy-intensive nanofibrillation.The preserved native cellulose I crystalline structure(64.76%crystallinity)and wax-coated uniaxial fibril alignment(Hermans factor:0.23)contribute to high mechanical strength(903 MPa modulus)and broadband light scattering.As a light-management layer in polycrystalline silicon solar cells,the BG framework boosts photoelectric conversion efficiency by 0.41%absolute(18.74%→19.15%),outperforming synthetic anti-reflective coatings.The work establishes a scalable,waste-to-wealth route for optical-grade cellulose materials in next-generation optoelectronics.
基金supported by the Innovation and Development Program of Beijing Vegetable Research Center,China(KYCX202301)the Construction of Cucurbits Collaboration and Innovation Center,China(XTCX202301)+3 种基金the Youth Research Fund of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,China(QNJJ202426)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20229 and 32102397)the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions for Distinguished Young Scholars in Anhui Province,China(2022AH020037)and the Key Research and Development Projects of Anhui Province,China(2023z04020019)。
文摘Peel color is an important appearance quality of melons that significantly affects consumer preferences.In this study,a near-isogenic line NIL-G(dark green peel)was generated from B8(grey-green peel)and B15(white peel).The F_2 population constructed by crossing NIL-G and B15 was used to study the inheritance pattern of peel color,and bulked-segregant analysis sequencing(BSA-seq)was employed to identify the interval in which the target gene was located.Genetic analysis showed that a dominant gene controls the dark green peel trait at maturity.BSAseq and molecular markers were used to localize the candidate gene in a 263.7 kb interval of chromosome 4,which contained the CmAPRR2 gene with known functions.Moreover,allelic sequence analysis revealed four SNP variations of the CmAPRR2 gene in B15,of which SNP.G614331A was located at the junction of the 6th exon and 6th intron.The G-to-A mutation caused alternative splicing of the transcript of CmAPRR2 in B15,generating two transcripts(CmAPRR2-A and CmAPRR2-B)with premature termination codons.Furthermore,the Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker,APRR2-G/A,was developed based on this SNP and shown to co-segregate with the peel color phenotype in the F_(2) population.Compared to white-peel B15,the expression level of CmAPRR2 in dark green peel NIL-G was higher at each growth stage.Therefore,CmAPRR2 may be the key gene controlling the fruit color of melons.This study identified a novel allelic variant of CmAPRR2 that leads to white peel formation in mature melons.We also provides a theoretical basis for further research on the gene regulatory mechanism of melon peel colors,which promotes using molecular marker-assisted selection to modify melon peel colors in the future.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23B20152).
文摘The deposition layer on the discharge channel wall of a Hall thruster after long-term operation occasionally detaches from the wall and interferes with the plasma inside the channel,resulting in current pulse and threatening the power supply.To understand the generation mechanism of the current pulse,the interaction between the peeling material and the channel plasma was studied by the particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo collision(PIC/MCC)method.The plasma evolution and distribution in the Hall thruster channel when peeling material existed were simulated.Simulation results show that the peeling material changes the electron transportation and ionization,and the effects are related to the position of the peeling material.When the peeling material invades the zone where the ionization rate is originally the highest without peeling material,the ionization process is almost terminated.The ionization suppression by the peeling material will cause the propellant gas to refill the channel exit.As the peeling material moves away,gas discharge is induced near the channel exit,resulting in anode current pulse.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32301259,32101228,32271527 and 32371536)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Nos.2022C02023 and 2023C02015)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of Talented Scholars of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2021LFR058)the Dean-ship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-177-01”.
文摘As a typical bioflavonoid,diosmetin is desirable in the field of natural medicine,healthy food,and cosmetics by anti-cancer,antibacterial,antioxidant,estrogen-like and anti-inflammatory activities,and it comes from a wide range of sources in traditional Chinese medicine like spider fragrance,spearmint and chrysanthemum,as well as in Citrus fruit.However,traditional analytical methods such as silica gel column chromatography face multiple challenges in the selective extraction of diosmetin from biological materials and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new type of absorbent with high efficiency,recyclability and good specificity to diosmetin.In this investigation,a magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer(labeled as Diosmetin/SMIPs)was synthesized employing magnetic nanoparticles as the carrier and 4-vinylpyridinyl(4-VP)as the functional monomer by surface imprinting technology.The functional monomer was screened by the binding energy(△E)between functional monomers and template molecules via computational simulation.The Diosmetin/SMIPs had a high level of specific recognition and adsorption capability towards diosmetin with a 20.25 mg g^(-1) adsorption capacity and an imprinting factor(IF)of 2.28.Additionally,it demonstrated excellent regeneration performance with 8 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,91.20%-94.16% of spiked diosmetin was recovered from the lemon peel samples.The strategy of constructing Diosmetin/SMIPs based on computational simulation can effectively enhance the specific adsorption performance of diosmetin.Meanwhile,Diosmetin/SMIPs synthesized by imprinting polymerization showed excellent anti-interference and reusability,and realized efficient targeted extraction of diosmetin from lemon peel samples.The results of this investigation provide a promising adsorbent for selective enrichment of diosmetin from Citrus fruit and complicated materials.
文摘This study aimed to develop and evaluate antimicrobial herbal creams formulated with fresh and dried banana peel(FBP and DBP)extracts for cosmetic applications.Given the abundance of lignocellulosic and bioactive compounds in banana peels,their use in skincare products may provide a natural alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents.Creams were prepared using standardized formulations containing either fresh or dried banana peel extract.Antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Aspergillus niger,and Candida albicans using the agar well diffusion method.Physical properties,including spreadability,pH,homogeneity,and stability,were also evaluated and compared to a commercial cream.The FBP-based cream exhibited strong antibacterial activity,particularly against S.aureus and P.aeruginosa,with inhibition zones up to 40.73 mm.In contrast,the DBP-based cream showed superior antifungal activity against C.albicans and A.niger,with zones up to 49.63 mm.FBP creams also demonstrated better spreadability(34.0 g·cm/s)and uniformity compared to DBP.The results suggest that banana peel extracts possess significant antimicrobial properties and are suitable for use in topical formulations.FBP is more effective for antibacterial applications,while DBP shows stronger antifungal activity.Combining both may offer broad-spectrum protection.Further work should include compound characterization and formulation controls to optimize efficacy.
基金supported by National Research Foundation Masters Scholarship(UID:106618).
文摘Cyanobacterial blooms or algae problems in aquaculture fish-ponds are becoming a big concern to fish farmers due to reduced production of fish.Although several studies have been conducted around the globe focusing on cyanobacterial blooms in oceans and lakes,little has been done on inhibition of algal biomass impacting fish-ponds in aquaculture industry.The present study assessed the potential of banana peel ashes and potassium sulphate on algal growth inhibition within fish-ponds based on a six-weeks mesocosm experiment conducted with varying ash concentrations(i.e.,2,4,6,8,10 g·L-1).This study analysed differences among treatments for the various nutrient variables(nitrates,ammonium and phosphates)at the end of the experiment.The significant experimental differences in physicochemical variables among the study weeks(i.e.,1–6 weeks),treatments(three levels,including controls)and ash concentrations using factorial repeated measures ANOVA were further tested.Moreover,algal growth was determined in order to test the efficiency of treatment n inhibiting algal growth by measuring chlorophyll-a concentration across 6 weeks.Banana peel ashes performed significantly well on inhibition of algal growth than potassium sulphate,except for controls.However,no clear patterns between pH and conductivity were observed throughout the experiment.The present study found that banana peel ashes do not have notable effects on water quality variable,particularly physicochemical parameters,which did not significantly change from first week of experiment.With banana peel ashes being the best inhibitor according to the findings of the present study,further studies are required to investigate the effects of banana peel ashes on fish within the ponds.
基金funding from the Environmental Science Program for Academic Excellence and Community Research for Fiscal Year 2024,a financial resource of the Environmental Science and Technology Program,Faculty of Science,Buriram Rajabhat University.Additionally,Buriram Rajabhat University provided a publication budget.
文摘Polymeric materials,known for their lightweight and strength,are widely used today.However,their non-biodegradable nature poses significant environmental challenges.This research aimed to develop biodegradable films from fruits and vegetables,using alginate as a binding agent.Using a completely randomized design,seven experimental sets were prepared with carrots,Kimju guava,and Namwa banana peel fibers as the primary materials and alginate as the secondary material at three levels:1.2,1.8,and 2.4 by weight.The solution technique was employed to create the samples.Upon testing mechanical and physical properties,experimental set 3,consisting of 60%guava and 1.8%alginate,emerged as the optimal ratio.This combination exhibited favorable physical properties,including a thickness of 0.26±0.02 mm,meeting the standards for food packaging films.Additionally,the tensile strength was 0.50±0.01 N/m²,and the elongation at break was 55.60±0.44%.Regarding chemical properties,the moisture content of 5.64±0.03%fell within the acceptable range for dried food.Furthermore,a 30-day soil burial test revealed that the sample from experimental set 3 exhibited the highest degradation rate.In conclusion,these findings suggest that guava can be a promising raw material for producing biodegradable plastics suitable for packaging applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001679 and 31871801)the Science and Technology Research of Shaanxi Province(2021QFY07-03)+1 种基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202103098)the Scientific and Technological Achievements Commercialization Program of Shaanxi(2023-YDCGZH-13)。
文摘Gut microbiota regulate the activation of adipose browning,which promote energy dissipation and combat diet-induced obesity.Pomegranate peel polyphenols(PPPs)have been shown to reduce obesity,regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue,and modulate the composition of gut microbiota in animal fed high-fat diet(HFD).However,the role of gut microbiota in the improvement of obesity by PPPs has not been elucidated.In current study,we applied antibiotics to inhibit gut microbiota in mice fed HFD and treated with PPPs.The results showed that the inhibition of gut microbiota impair the effect of PPPs on reducing obesity and promoting adipose browning,and change the fecal metabolomic profiles in respond to PPPs.Moreover,the inhibition of gut microbiota supressed the promotive effects of PPPs on the levels of Akkermansia and microbiota-related metabolites,such as urolithin A,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and bile acids(BAs),which were associated with activating adipose browning.Therefore,our results suggested that the presence of gut microbiota is essential for PPPs to ameliorate HFD-induced obesity.The related bacteria or metabolites generated by the interaction between PPPs and microbiota promote adipose browning and facilitate the beneficial effects of PPPs.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(Beijing,China,grant no.2023YFE0116900 and 2023YFD1801400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Beijing,China,grant no.32473105,32302943,and 32302941)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20230951).
文摘Background During the transition period,excessive negative energy balance(NEB)lead to metabolic disorders and reduced milk yield.Rumen microbes are responsible for resolving plant material and producing volatile fatty acids(VFA),which are the primary energy source for cows.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of citrus peel extract(CPE)supplementation on rumen microbiota composition,energy metabolism and milk performance of peri-partum dairy cows.Methods Dairy cows were fed either a basal diet(CON group)or the same basal diet supplemented with CPE via intragastric administration(4 g/d,CPE group)for 6 weeks(3 weeks before and 3 weeks after calving;n=15 per group).Samples of serum,milk,rumen fluid,adipose tissue,and liver were collected to assess the effects of CPE on rumen microbiota composition,rumen fermentation parameters,milk performance,and energy metabolic status of dairy cows.Results CPE supplementation led to an increase in milk yield,milk protein and lactose contents,and serum glucose levels,while reduced serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid,β-hydroxybutyric acid,insulin,aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and haptoglobin during the first month of lactation.CPE supplemen-tation also increased the content of ruminal VFA.Compared to the CON group,the abundance of Prevotellaceae,Methanobacteriaceae,Bacteroidales_RF16_group,and Selenomonadaceae was found increased,while the abun-dance of Oscillospiraceae,F082,Ruminococcaceae,Christensenellaceae,Muribaculaceae UCG-011,Saccharimona-daceae,Hungateiclostridiaceae,and Spirochaetaceae in the CPE group was found decreased.In adipose tissue,CPE supplementation decreased lipolysis,and inflammatory response,while increased insulin sensitivity.In the liver,CPE supplementation decreased lipid accumulation,increased insulin sensitivity,and upregulated expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis.Conclusions Our findings suggest that CPE supplementation during the peripartum period altered rumen micro-biota composition and increased ruminal VFA contents,which further improved NEB and lactation performance,alleviated lipolysis and inflammatory response in adipose tissue,reduced lipid accumulation and promoted gluconeo-genesis in liver.Thus,CPE might contribute to improve energy metabolism and consequently lactation performance of dairy cows during the transition period.
文摘Dug well water in the working area of the Jongaya Community Health Center often fails to meet clean water quality standards due to low pH(6.1)and high organic matter content(14 mg/L),exceeding the limits set by Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No.32 of 2017,which poses a risk of digestive disorders and skin diseases.Addressing this gap,this study evaluates the effectiveness of quicklime(CaO)and aluminum sulfate[Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)]in improving dug well water quality through a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design.Water samples were purposively collected from contaminated wells and treated using quicklime,aluminum sulfate,and their combination at doses of 1 g,10 g,and 20 g,each replicated three times,with pH and organic matter content measured before and after treatment and analyzed using a paired t-test.Results showed that 1 g of CaO significantly increased pH from 6.1 to 7.88(p<0:05),meeting the clean water quality threshold(≥6:5),while 20 g of Al_(2)(_(S)O_(4))_(3)reduced organic matter content from 170.91 mg/L to 126.11 mg/L,and the combined treatment achieved the best outcome,with a 46.75%reduction in organic matter and a pH increase to 8.63,both meeting standards.All treatments were statistically significant(p<0:05),indicating that CaO and Al_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)are effective for improving dug well water quality in at-risk communities.The findings highlight the urgency of promoting proper application and optimal dosing,supported by long-term monitoring,and provide novel evidence on the combined use of these chemicals for addressing a local public health challenge.
文摘Pectin is a natural polysaccharide with a complex structure consisting of linear and branched regions rich in galacturonic acid.The growing interest in orange peel pectin can be attributed to its abundant supply.According to statistics,about 10 million tons of orange peel waste are produced worldwide each year.Traditionally,the extraction and utilization of pectin have focused on its gelling,thickening,and stabilizing properties in food.However,as more and more research teams have found that pectin has good biocompatibility,biodegradability and easy chemical modification,its potential in drug delivery systems,tissue engineering,and wound healing is gradually being explored.This review focuses on orange peel pectin polysaccharides and discusses its traditional and modern extraction techniques,especially the advanced method of subcritical water extraction.This study also outlines the structural modifications of pectin such as methylation and acetylation,and introduces its antioxidant and anticancer biological activities and their emerging roles in the development of advanced biomaterials such as bone tissue engineering and fibre pad dressings.
基金supported by the Association Foundation Program of the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department and Kunming Medical University(No.202401AY070001-176 and 202401AY070001-180)the Xing Dian Talent Support Plan(to ZC),the Yunnan Province “the 14th Five-Year Plan”Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project(Traumatology Surgery)the Yunnan University Medical Research Foundation(No.YDYXJJ2024-0029,YDYXJJ2024-0040 and YDYXJJ2024-0017)。
文摘Background:A growing body of research is exploring the role of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory dietary supplements in the treatment of osteoarthritis,highlighting an increasing emphasis on nonpharmacological interventions.Although more patients are turning to supplements to manage osteoarthritis,their actual effectiveness remains uncertain.Objective:This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the available evidence concerning the efficacy of various dietary supplements in osteoarthritis treatment.Search strategy:We searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library and Web of Science for studies on the use of various dietary supplements in the treatment of osteoarthritis from the creation of each database until Jan 20,2025.Inclusion criteria:(1)Research object:osteoarthritis.(2)Intervention measures:patients in the treatment group received dietary supplements,while the control group received placebos.(3)Research type:randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Data extraction and analysis:Two researchers independently examined the literature and retrieved data based on predefined criteria.The information gathered included the first author,year of publication,sample size,participant demographics,length of the follow-up period,intervention and control measures,and inclusion indications.RCTs comparing dietary supplements to placebo with the pain and function subscales of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)among patients with osteoarthritis were included.The optimal dietary supplement was identified based on the total ranking by summing the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA)of these two scores.Furthermore,the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)was used to confirm the quality of the evidence.Results:Overall,23 studies covering 21 dietary supplements and involving 2455 participants met the inclusion criteria.In the WOMAC pain score,the SUCRA of passion fruit peel extract was 91%(mean difference[MD]:–9.2;95%confidence interval[CI]:[–16.0,–2.3]),followed by methylsulfonylmethane(89%),undenatured type II collagen(87%),collagen(84%),and Lanconone(82%).The SUCRA(99%)of passion fruit peel extract(MD:–41.0;95%CI:[–66.0,–16.0])ranked first in terms of the WOMAC function score,followed by Lanconone(95%),collagen(86%),ParActin(84%),and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota(83%).The top three total rankings are passion fruit peel extract(95.0%),Lanconone(88.5%),and collagen(85.0%).However,the GRADE revealed low evidence quality.Conclusion:Passion fruit peel extract was the best supplement for improving WOMAC pain and function scores in patients with osteoarthritis,followed by Lanconone and collagen.However,further large-scale,well designed RCTs are required to substantiate these promising findings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11972375 and12211530028)the Special Funds for the Basic Scientific Research Expenses of Central Government Universities of China (No. 2472022X03006A)
文摘Hard-magnetic soft materials exhibit significant shape morphing capabilities under non-contact magnetic actuation, yet their particulate composition tends to compromise material toughness. To quantify particle-matrix interactions, we present a mechanics model describing the energy functional of planar magnetic composites. Through the Fourier series, the analytical solutions for stress distribution and interfacial peeling length of a single particle-polymer unit are derived with the Rayleigh-Ritz method under uniaxial tension. The calculated results of stress fields without the magnetic field agree well with those of the finite element method. The effects of external magnetic field strength and particle content on the stress distribution and peeling length are fully explored, and the enhanced analytical outcomes are obtained through numerical prediction.These insights can be used to validate the reliability of engineering designs, including adaptive structures, micro-electro-mechanical sensors, and soft robotic systems.
