As the main tool for students and professors to come and go to different districts in-campus, the school bus is of great importance. In order to improve its efficiency and convenient students and professors, a rationa...As the main tool for students and professors to come and go to different districts in-campus, the school bus is of great importance. In order to improve its efficiency and convenient students and professors, a rational schedule of departure is badly needed. A model is established to predict the peak time of people taking school bus based on martingale process, and it is solved according to stopping time of martingale. Then it is applied to Wuhan University of Technology. A large amount of data is collected and the peak time for each day is predicted combined with the actual situation of the college. In doing so, suggestions are given for those who are in charge of the school buses.展开更多
With the increase in the power receiving proportion and an insufficient peak regulation capacity of the local units, the receiving-end power grid struggles to achieve peak regulation in valley time. To solve this prob...With the increase in the power receiving proportion and an insufficient peak regulation capacity of the local units, the receiving-end power grid struggles to achieve peak regulation in valley time. To solve this problem while considering the potential of the large-scale charge load of electric vehicles(EVs), an aggregator-based demand response(DR) mechanism for EVs that are participating in the peak regulation in valley time is proposed in this study. In this aggregator-based DR mechanism, the profits for the power grid’s operation and the participation willingness of the EV owners are considered. Based on the characteristics of the EV charging process and the day-ahead unit generation scheduling, a rolling unit commitment model with the DR is established to maximize the social welfare. In addition, to improve the efficiency of the optimization problem solving process and to achieve communication between the independent system operator(ISO) and the aggregators, the clustering algorithm is utilized to extract typical EV charging patterns. Finally, the feasibility and benefits of the aggregator-based DR mechanism for saving the costs and reducing the peak-valley difference of the receiving-end power grid are verified through case studies.展开更多
By employing the unique phenological feature of winter wheat extracted from peak before winter （PBW） and the advantages of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data with high temporal resolution a...By employing the unique phenological feature of winter wheat extracted from peak before winter （PBW） and the advantages of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data with high temporal resolution and intermediate spatial resolution, a remote sensing-based model for mapping winter wheat on the North China Plain was built through integration with Landsat images and land-use data. First, a phenological window, PBW was drawn from time-series MODIS data. Next, feature extraction was performed for the PBW to reduce feature dimension and enhance its information. Finally, a regression model was built to model the relationship of the phenological feature and the sample data. The amount of information of the PBW was evaluated and compared with that of the main peak （MP）. The relative precision of the mapping reached up to 92% in comparison to the Landsat sample data, and ranged between 87 and 96% in comparison to the statistical data. These results were sufficient to satisfy the accuracy requirements for winter wheat mapping at a large scale. Moreover, the proposed method has the ability to obtain the distribution information for winter wheat in an earlier period than previous studies. This study could throw light on the monitoring of winter wheat in China by using unique phenological feature of winter wheat.展开更多
Background: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) has been elaborated where goal directed fluid and hemodynamic therapy (GDFHT) will be realized with trans-thoracic echocardiographic aortic blood flow peak velocity vari...Background: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) has been elaborated where goal directed fluid and hemodynamic therapy (GDFHT) will be realized with trans-thoracic echocardiographic aortic blood flow peak velocity variation (ΔVpeak) and distance minute (DM) to guide fluid therapy and hemodynamics in high risk pediatric surgical patients. This RCT will clarify the impact of GDFHT with ΔVpeak and DM on postoperative outcome in terms of morbidity, length of stay in the intensive care unit (LOSICU), length of mechanical ventilation (LMV) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in children. To determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and VTI predictive of these postoperative outcomes, an observational pilot study will be realized. This pilot study is described here. The primary objective of this study is to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of postoperative outcome in children in terms of morbidity. The secondary objectives are to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of LOSICU, LMV, LOS, intraoperative, postoperative fluid administration and vasoactive-inotropic therapy. Methods: 500 - 1000 children aged less than 18 years will be included prospectively. Statistic analysis will be realized with XLSTAT 2019.4.2 software or plus. Results and Conclusions: This trial protocol will determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV with echocardiography predictive of postoperative outcome in children.展开更多
基于2002—2025年IRI(International Research Institute for Climate and Society)实时多模式预测资料,构建了一个面向事件的ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)峰值诊断框架,定量评估预测系统对峰值强度与峰值时间两项关键特征的可...基于2002—2025年IRI(International Research Institute for Climate and Society)实时多模式预测资料,构建了一个面向事件的ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)峰值诊断框架,定量评估预测系统对峰值强度与峰值时间两项关键特征的可预报性。尽管IRI系统在ENSO时间序列上可维持8~9 mon的较高技巧,但传统统计指标难以反映具体事件在峰值阶段的系统性偏差。结果表明,随着预报时效延长,预测的峰值强度普遍减弱,并呈现出显著的强度依赖特征。中等和强事件往往被低估,但弱事件更容易被高估。在模式差异方面,动力模式在再现中、强事件的峰值振幅上更有优势,但在弱事件中,统计模式的预测反而更接近观测。在峰值时间方面,模式预测普遍存在偏晚现象,并且滞后误差会随着预报时效持续累积。峰值时间偏差还呈现明显的冷暖不对称结构,拉尼娜事件的滞后程度显著强于厄尔尼诺事件。在不同模式类型的比较中,统计模式在拉尼娜事件中的峰值时间偏差远大于动力模式,而在厄尔尼诺事件中两类模式的差异相对较小。总体而言,本研究揭示了现有ENSO预测系统在峰值特征上的偏差结构,并指出动力与统计模式的互补性,为改进多模式集合策略和提升ENSO预测性能提供了科学依据。展开更多
For modern stealth aircraft,it is important to analyze the influence of Radar Cross Section(RCS)peak exposure on penetration for guiding stealth design and penetration trajectory planning,which needs to reflect the RC...For modern stealth aircraft,it is important to analyze the influence of Radar Cross Section(RCS)peak exposure on penetration for guiding stealth design and penetration trajectory planning,which needs to reflect the RCS statistical uncertainty and the RCS difference with the change of incident angle.Based on the RCS characteristics of typical stealth aircraft,this paper established a simplified RCS dynamic fluctuation statistical model with the parameters log mean and log standard deviation.According to the detection probability algorithm in radar signal processing field,this paper built the algorithm of radar detection probability based on the RCS dynamic fluctuation statistical model.The analysis of examples concluded that the key to successful penetration is to shorten the RCS peak exposure time,which can be reduced by decreasing the RCS peak width or increasing velocity.Based on the conclusion,this paper proposed the method of turning maneuvering to reduce RCS peak exposure time dramatically.展开更多
文摘As the main tool for students and professors to come and go to different districts in-campus, the school bus is of great importance. In order to improve its efficiency and convenient students and professors, a rational schedule of departure is badly needed. A model is established to predict the peak time of people taking school bus based on martingale process, and it is solved according to stopping time of martingale. Then it is applied to Wuhan University of Technology. A large amount of data is collected and the peak time for each day is predicted combined with the actual situation of the college. In doing so, suggestions are given for those who are in charge of the school buses.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project from the State Grid Shanghai Municipal Electric Power Company of China (52094019006U)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program (18QB1400200)。
文摘With the increase in the power receiving proportion and an insufficient peak regulation capacity of the local units, the receiving-end power grid struggles to achieve peak regulation in valley time. To solve this problem while considering the potential of the large-scale charge load of electric vehicles(EVs), an aggregator-based demand response(DR) mechanism for EVs that are participating in the peak regulation in valley time is proposed in this study. In this aggregator-based DR mechanism, the profits for the power grid’s operation and the participation willingness of the EV owners are considered. Based on the characteristics of the EV charging process and the day-ahead unit generation scheduling, a rolling unit commitment model with the DR is established to maximize the social welfare. In addition, to improve the efficiency of the optimization problem solving process and to achieve communication between the independent system operator(ISO) and the aggregators, the clustering algorithm is utilized to extract typical EV charging patterns. Finally, the feasibility and benefits of the aggregator-based DR mechanism for saving the costs and reducing the peak-valley difference of the receiving-end power grid are verified through case studies.
基金supported by the open research fund of the Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics,Ministry of Agriculture and the fund of Outstanding Agricultural Researcher,Ministry of Agriculture,China
文摘By employing the unique phenological feature of winter wheat extracted from peak before winter （PBW） and the advantages of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data with high temporal resolution and intermediate spatial resolution, a remote sensing-based model for mapping winter wheat on the North China Plain was built through integration with Landsat images and land-use data. First, a phenological window, PBW was drawn from time-series MODIS data. Next, feature extraction was performed for the PBW to reduce feature dimension and enhance its information. Finally, a regression model was built to model the relationship of the phenological feature and the sample data. The amount of information of the PBW was evaluated and compared with that of the main peak （MP）. The relative precision of the mapping reached up to 92% in comparison to the Landsat sample data, and ranged between 87 and 96% in comparison to the statistical data. These results were sufficient to satisfy the accuracy requirements for winter wheat mapping at a large scale. Moreover, the proposed method has the ability to obtain the distribution information for winter wheat in an earlier period than previous studies. This study could throw light on the monitoring of winter wheat in China by using unique phenological feature of winter wheat.
文摘Background: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) has been elaborated where goal directed fluid and hemodynamic therapy (GDFHT) will be realized with trans-thoracic echocardiographic aortic blood flow peak velocity variation (ΔVpeak) and distance minute (DM) to guide fluid therapy and hemodynamics in high risk pediatric surgical patients. This RCT will clarify the impact of GDFHT with ΔVpeak and DM on postoperative outcome in terms of morbidity, length of stay in the intensive care unit (LOSICU), length of mechanical ventilation (LMV) and length of hospital stay (LOS) in children. To determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and VTI predictive of these postoperative outcomes, an observational pilot study will be realized. This pilot study is described here. The primary objective of this study is to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of postoperative outcome in children in terms of morbidity. The secondary objectives are to determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV predictive of LOSICU, LMV, LOS, intraoperative, postoperative fluid administration and vasoactive-inotropic therapy. Methods: 500 - 1000 children aged less than 18 years will be included prospectively. Statistic analysis will be realized with XLSTAT 2019.4.2 software or plus. Results and Conclusions: This trial protocol will determine values of ΔVpeak, DM and ITV with echocardiography predictive of postoperative outcome in children.
文摘基于2002—2025年IRI(International Research Institute for Climate and Society)实时多模式预测资料,构建了一个面向事件的ENSO(El Nino-Southern Oscillation)峰值诊断框架,定量评估预测系统对峰值强度与峰值时间两项关键特征的可预报性。尽管IRI系统在ENSO时间序列上可维持8~9 mon的较高技巧,但传统统计指标难以反映具体事件在峰值阶段的系统性偏差。结果表明,随着预报时效延长,预测的峰值强度普遍减弱,并呈现出显著的强度依赖特征。中等和强事件往往被低估,但弱事件更容易被高估。在模式差异方面,动力模式在再现中、强事件的峰值振幅上更有优势,但在弱事件中,统计模式的预测反而更接近观测。在峰值时间方面,模式预测普遍存在偏晚现象,并且滞后误差会随着预报时效持续累积。峰值时间偏差还呈现明显的冷暖不对称结构,拉尼娜事件的滞后程度显著强于厄尔尼诺事件。在不同模式类型的比较中,统计模式在拉尼娜事件中的峰值时间偏差远大于动力模式,而在厄尔尼诺事件中两类模式的差异相对较小。总体而言,本研究揭示了现有ENSO预测系统在峰值特征上的偏差结构,并指出动力与统计模式的互补性,为改进多模式集合策略和提升ENSO预测性能提供了科学依据。
文摘For modern stealth aircraft,it is important to analyze the influence of Radar Cross Section(RCS)peak exposure on penetration for guiding stealth design and penetration trajectory planning,which needs to reflect the RCS statistical uncertainty and the RCS difference with the change of incident angle.Based on the RCS characteristics of typical stealth aircraft,this paper established a simplified RCS dynamic fluctuation statistical model with the parameters log mean and log standard deviation.According to the detection probability algorithm in radar signal processing field,this paper built the algorithm of radar detection probability based on the RCS dynamic fluctuation statistical model.The analysis of examples concluded that the key to successful penetration is to shorten the RCS peak exposure time,which can be reduced by decreasing the RCS peak width or increasing velocity.Based on the conclusion,this paper proposed the method of turning maneuvering to reduce RCS peak exposure time dramatically.
