With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacin...With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacing animal protein.Pea protein is mainly composed of globulin and albumin,with a protein content of 20%to 30%,and has a balanced amino acid composition,as well as being rich in minerals and dietary fiber.It also possesses good foaming,gelling,emulsifying and antioxidant functional properties.However,pea protein also has inherent defects that limit its application in the food industry.This article systematically reviews the extraction techniques,functional properties,modification methods and application fields of pea protein,and focuses on evaluating the effects of different extraction and modification strategies on protein yield and functional properties.Research shows that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction can reduce solvent usage by 55%,shorten extraction time by 50%,and increase extraction rate by 12.51%;under optimized conditions,ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a protein purity of 91%.In terms of modification,ultrasonic treatment increases foaming capacity by 37.4%,and phenolic cross-linking increases gel strength from 3.0 kPa to 48 kPa.This article provides data support and theoretical reference for the efficient extraction and functional optimization of pea protein,and has promoting significance for its wide application in plant-based foods.展开更多
This study was conducted at Fafan Research Center, Golajo research site to evaluate the effect of Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaf supplementation on growth performance of short-eared Somali goat breed. A total...This study was conducted at Fafan Research Center, Golajo research site to evaluate the effect of Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaf supplementation on growth performance of short-eared Somali goat breed. A total of fifteen yearling indigenous short-eared Somali goat breeds with an initial weight of 15.2 ± 0.30 kg were assigned to three treatment groups using completely randomized design. Pigeon pea (Pp) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) feeds were formulated using 0%, 5%, and 10% inclusion levels of MSLM and PPLM as experimental diets, respectively. The feed of the experiment was prepared in two levels (2 kg of Moringa stenopetala and 2 kg of pigeon pea) and was supplemented to experimental animals in treatments one and two, respectively. The average e initial body weight of selected male goats was 18.82 ± 0.37, 18.8 ± 0.37 and 17.8 ± 0.37 kg under treatment groups T1, T2 and control respectively. Data was analyzed using general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS computer package Version 9.0 (SAS, 2002). The final weights gain (FWG) of goats on T1 and T2 of experimental group was significantly (P 0.05) the final weight gain of goat supplemented on Moringa stenopetala (T1) and pigeon pea levels (T2). The mean average weight gains (AWG) obtained from the supplemented group in this study were 7.50 ± 0.37 and 7.82 ± 0.37 kg for T1 and T2, whereas mean weight gains for un-supplemented goats were found to be 6.26 ± 0.37 kg. Feeding of dried Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaves mixture improved body weights and average daily body weight gain without affecting feed intake and overall health of Somali goat breed. As Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaves are rich nitrogen/protein source, they can be used effectively as substitute for conventional concentrate in the diet of growing goats at small holder farmer’s level where they can be grown in abundance. Therefore, for higher quality of forage and higher total DM yield for animal feeding, moringa should be harvested at wider harvesting intervals of at least 6th- to 8th-week intervals. Similarly, for pigeon peas, 4- to 6-week harvesting interval can result in optimum forage as well as feed quality and resulted in better growth performances for Somali short-eared goat breeds.展开更多
目的:探讨PED/PEA-15(phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes)蛋白及其磷酸化状态在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法:免疫组化法检测40例卵巢上皮良性肿瘤(良性组)、40例卵巢交界性肿瘤(...目的:探讨PED/PEA-15(phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes)蛋白及其磷酸化状态在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法:免疫组化法检测40例卵巢上皮良性肿瘤(良性组)、40例卵巢交界性肿瘤(交界性组)、50例卵巢上皮癌(恶性组)中PED/PEA-15及其磷酸化状态的阳性表达水平。结果:PEA-15蛋白在良性组中表达高于交界性组及恶性组(P<0.05),且在卵巢癌组中随着卵巢癌恶性程度的增高及临床分期的发展而降低(P<0.05),但与患者年龄无明显相关性(P>0.05)。卵巢癌中PEA-15磷酸化状态p PEA-15-Ser104蛋白表达高于交界性及良性上皮肿瘤(P<0.05)。卵巢癌组织中p PEA-15-Ser104蛋白表达与组织学分级和临床分期有关(P<0.05),但与有无淋巴结转移及年龄无明显相关性(P>0.05);另一位点磷酸化状态p PEA-15-Ser116在不同性质卵巢组织、不同年龄、组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移分组中表达无差异(P>0.05)。结论:PEA-15及其磷酸化状态在卵巢癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用,可否通过调控PED/PEA-15的磷酸化状态从而使之成为卵巢癌治疗的重要靶点仍需进一步研究。展开更多
As a seed transmitted pathogen, pea seed_borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) not only replicates in embryonic cells but can also withstand seed desiccation. To understand the mechanism of PSbMV tolerance to seed desiccation, ...As a seed transmitted pathogen, pea seed_borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) not only replicates in embryonic cells but can also withstand seed desiccation. To understand the mechanism of PSbMV tolerance to seed desiccation, the authors compared the stability of viral coat protein (CP) and the distribution of viral particles in the cotyledon cells of pea (Pisum sativum L.) embryos collected before and after the dehydration process. Before dehydration, when the embryo was fresh and immature, degradation of CP was observed and a predominantly perinuclear distribution of viral particles in the cotyledon cells was evident. After dehydration, when the embryo was dry and mature, degradation of CP did not occur and the perinuclear viral distribution disappeared. Instead, aggregates containing PSbMV CP were found in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy showed that these aggregates were composed of PSbMV particles. The formation of PSbMV particle aggregates is apparently triggered by seed dehydration and may be favorable to the virus survival in the desiccated embryonic cells.展开更多
Lectin and leghemoglobin in legumes play the important roles, respectively, in recognition of host plants to their rhizobial bacteria, and lowering the oxygen partial pressure around bacteroids and protecting nitrogen...Lectin and leghemoglobin in legumes play the important roles, respectively, in recognition of host plants to their rhizobial bacteria, and lowering the oxygen partial pressure around bacteroids and protecting nitrogenase from oxygen in symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules. In order to extend the host range of the rhizobial bacteria and to make them fix nitrogen in non-legumes, pea lectin gene (pl) and Parasponia hemoglobin gene ( phl,) have been constructed into a plant expression vector (pCBHUL) and the vector pCBHUL was introduced into rice calli from immature young embryos by particle bombardment. After the calli were regenerated into plantlets on the resistant-selecting media containing hygromycin, they were identified by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. It was indicated that the pi and phb genes were integrated into nucleic genome of the transformed rice plants. GUS activity and the product of the pi gene were determined by GUS staining, Western blot and in situ hybridization at translational level. Eighteen out of 40 plants resistant to hygromycin were positively identified by PCR analysis with the rate of 45%. The pi gene was expressed in 3 out of 18 plants with 17% and 7.5% in 40 plants. The results may provide a clue for exploring whether Rhizobium leguminosarum by. viceae could extend its host range and make the transgenic rice plants have the possibility of being symbiotic, or associative to nitrogen fixation.展开更多
An approximately 800 bp cDNA ( Lhcb 2) encoding light_harvesting chlorophyll a/b_binding protein complex (type Ⅱ) was cloned from the seedling of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) with RT_PCR method. Southern blotting usi...An approximately 800 bp cDNA ( Lhcb 2) encoding light_harvesting chlorophyll a/b_binding protein complex (type Ⅱ) was cloned from the seedling of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) with RT_PCR method. Southern blotting using special probe demonstrated that there existed one copy of Lhcb 2 in pea genome. RT_PCR and Northern blotting revealed the expression of Lhcb 2 which was regulated by light in a time_dependent expression manner. The Lhcb 2 gene didn't express untill 2 h after irradiated with white light. Low temperature (4 ℃) also affected the Lhcb 2 gene by decreasing half of its expression under 25 ℃.展开更多
Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence...Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence in the untranslated regions. RT_PCR and Southern blotting using 3′_untranslated region (3′_UTR) as specific probe revealed that pea isoactin genes were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, pollen and juvenile siliques, but displayed different patterns of transcript accumulation. Two_fold serial dilution electrophoresis showed PEAcⅠ mRNA preferentially accumulated in rapidly developing tissues: it peaked in seven days' stem; remained at a rather high level in leaves within a month but decreased significantly later; varied a little in tendrils and reached a median and a very low level respectively in juvenile siliques and in pollen. PEAcⅡ displayed somewhat similar expression pattern to PEAcⅠ. The observed differences in sequences and transcript accumulation patterns suggest that the individual pea actin genes may differ in their transcriptional regulation and cellular function. Phylogenetic tree of actins showed that pea actin isoforms are as diverged from each other as they are from other plant actins, and pea actins might have originated from a common ancestor before the divergence of the dicot and monocot plants.展开更多
To study the function and adaptive mechanism of tonoplast H + ATPase under salt stress, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated with different concentrations of salt (100-250 mmol/L NaCl) and with 100 mmol...To study the function and adaptive mechanism of tonoplast H + ATPase under salt stress, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated with different concentrations of salt (100-250 mmol/L NaCl) and with 100 mmol/L NaCl for different days (1-3 d). The ATP hydrolytic activity and the proton transport activity and the changes of the amount of tonoplast H + ATPase (subunit A) were measured. ATP hydrolytic activity of H + ATPase prepared from plants treated with 250 mmol/L NaCl was reduced by about 25% compared to that of control plants, but that of stressed plants treated with 100 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L NaCl was unchanged. The activity from plants treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl for up to 3 d was lower than that of control plants by 20%. But the proton transport activity was increased under the same salt stresses as above. These results showed that the changes of the hydrolytic activity and the proton transport activity were not in proportion and salt stress may cause the change of the coupling ratio of H + transport activity to ATP hydrolysis. The protein amount kept unchanged and reduced a little only when pea was treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl for 3 d. These results indicated that salinity stimulated the increase of the pump efficiency of the V_ATPase from pea roots, which was due to the change of the coupling ratio, but not due to the increase of ATP hydrolysis and the amount of V_ATPase.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to discuss the effect of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation from pea crops of plateau. [ Method] SOD enzyme liquid from pea crops of plateau was extracted by means of protein co...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to discuss the effect of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation from pea crops of plateau. [ Method] SOD enzyme liquid from pea crops of plateau was extracted by means of protein concentration assay, enzyme activity assay and antioxidant activity determination by DPPH method, peroxide activity inhibition of in vitro tissues from mice by homogenate MDA colorimetry method and lipid peroxidation assay of in vitro tissues. [ Result ] IC50 of the crude enzyme liquid extracted from pea on DPPH was 55.16 mg/L, while the scavenging rate of the crude enzyme liquid was lower than that of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenol and citric acid with the same concentration. The synergistic effect was found in ascorbic acid and crude enzyme liquid, but the synergism of ascorbic acid was better than that of citric acid. IC50 of SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea on DPPH was 11.1 mg/L, which was better than that of tea polyphenol and closely similar to that of ascorbic acid. SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea had an inhibitory effect on MDA production from in vitro tissues such as liver, kidney and heart, especially for a significantly inhibitory effect on MDA from liver in vitro. When the concentration was 0.25 mg/ml, the inhibition rate reached 78.3%, and then the inhibition rate increased little with the concentration incresas, while its effect on heart and kidney were inferior. [ Conclusion] SOD crude enzyme liquid and SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea all have certain DPPH scavenging capacity, while SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.展开更多
文摘With the growth of global protein demand and the development of plant-based foods,pea protein,as a low-allergenic,nutritionally balanced and environmentally friendly plant protein,has shown great potential in replacing animal protein.Pea protein is mainly composed of globulin and albumin,with a protein content of 20%to 30%,and has a balanced amino acid composition,as well as being rich in minerals and dietary fiber.It also possesses good foaming,gelling,emulsifying and antioxidant functional properties.However,pea protein also has inherent defects that limit its application in the food industry.This article systematically reviews the extraction techniques,functional properties,modification methods and application fields of pea protein,and focuses on evaluating the effects of different extraction and modification strategies on protein yield and functional properties.Research shows that ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extraction can reduce solvent usage by 55%,shorten extraction time by 50%,and increase extraction rate by 12.51%;under optimized conditions,ultrafiltration membrane technology can achieve a protein purity of 91%.In terms of modification,ultrasonic treatment increases foaming capacity by 37.4%,and phenolic cross-linking increases gel strength from 3.0 kPa to 48 kPa.This article provides data support and theoretical reference for the efficient extraction and functional optimization of pea protein,and has promoting significance for its wide application in plant-based foods.
文摘This study was conducted at Fafan Research Center, Golajo research site to evaluate the effect of Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaf supplementation on growth performance of short-eared Somali goat breed. A total of fifteen yearling indigenous short-eared Somali goat breeds with an initial weight of 15.2 ± 0.30 kg were assigned to three treatment groups using completely randomized design. Pigeon pea (Pp) and Moringa stenopetala (MS) feeds were formulated using 0%, 5%, and 10% inclusion levels of MSLM and PPLM as experimental diets, respectively. The feed of the experiment was prepared in two levels (2 kg of Moringa stenopetala and 2 kg of pigeon pea) and was supplemented to experimental animals in treatments one and two, respectively. The average e initial body weight of selected male goats was 18.82 ± 0.37, 18.8 ± 0.37 and 17.8 ± 0.37 kg under treatment groups T1, T2 and control respectively. Data was analyzed using general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS computer package Version 9.0 (SAS, 2002). The final weights gain (FWG) of goats on T1 and T2 of experimental group was significantly (P 0.05) the final weight gain of goat supplemented on Moringa stenopetala (T1) and pigeon pea levels (T2). The mean average weight gains (AWG) obtained from the supplemented group in this study were 7.50 ± 0.37 and 7.82 ± 0.37 kg for T1 and T2, whereas mean weight gains for un-supplemented goats were found to be 6.26 ± 0.37 kg. Feeding of dried Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaves mixture improved body weights and average daily body weight gain without affecting feed intake and overall health of Somali goat breed. As Moringa stenopetala and pigeon pea leaves are rich nitrogen/protein source, they can be used effectively as substitute for conventional concentrate in the diet of growing goats at small holder farmer’s level where they can be grown in abundance. Therefore, for higher quality of forage and higher total DM yield for animal feeding, moringa should be harvested at wider harvesting intervals of at least 6th- to 8th-week intervals. Similarly, for pigeon peas, 4- to 6-week harvesting interval can result in optimum forage as well as feed quality and resulted in better growth performances for Somali short-eared goat breeds.
文摘目的:探讨PED/PEA-15(phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes)蛋白及其磷酸化状态在卵巢上皮性肿瘤中的表达及临床意义。方法:免疫组化法检测40例卵巢上皮良性肿瘤(良性组)、40例卵巢交界性肿瘤(交界性组)、50例卵巢上皮癌(恶性组)中PED/PEA-15及其磷酸化状态的阳性表达水平。结果:PEA-15蛋白在良性组中表达高于交界性组及恶性组(P<0.05),且在卵巢癌组中随着卵巢癌恶性程度的增高及临床分期的发展而降低(P<0.05),但与患者年龄无明显相关性(P>0.05)。卵巢癌中PEA-15磷酸化状态p PEA-15-Ser104蛋白表达高于交界性及良性上皮肿瘤(P<0.05)。卵巢癌组织中p PEA-15-Ser104蛋白表达与组织学分级和临床分期有关(P<0.05),但与有无淋巴结转移及年龄无明显相关性(P>0.05);另一位点磷酸化状态p PEA-15-Ser116在不同性质卵巢组织、不同年龄、组织学分级、临床分期、淋巴结转移分组中表达无差异(P>0.05)。结论:PEA-15及其磷酸化状态在卵巢癌的发生发展中发挥重要作用,可否通过调控PED/PEA-15的磷酸化状态从而使之成为卵巢癌治疗的重要靶点仍需进一步研究。
文摘As a seed transmitted pathogen, pea seed_borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) not only replicates in embryonic cells but can also withstand seed desiccation. To understand the mechanism of PSbMV tolerance to seed desiccation, the authors compared the stability of viral coat protein (CP) and the distribution of viral particles in the cotyledon cells of pea (Pisum sativum L.) embryos collected before and after the dehydration process. Before dehydration, when the embryo was fresh and immature, degradation of CP was observed and a predominantly perinuclear distribution of viral particles in the cotyledon cells was evident. After dehydration, when the embryo was dry and mature, degradation of CP did not occur and the perinuclear viral distribution disappeared. Instead, aggregates containing PSbMV CP were found in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy showed that these aggregates were composed of PSbMV particles. The formation of PSbMV particle aggregates is apparently triggered by seed dehydration and may be favorable to the virus survival in the desiccated embryonic cells.
文摘Lectin and leghemoglobin in legumes play the important roles, respectively, in recognition of host plants to their rhizobial bacteria, and lowering the oxygen partial pressure around bacteroids and protecting nitrogenase from oxygen in symbiotic nitrogen-fixing nodules. In order to extend the host range of the rhizobial bacteria and to make them fix nitrogen in non-legumes, pea lectin gene (pl) and Parasponia hemoglobin gene ( phl,) have been constructed into a plant expression vector (pCBHUL) and the vector pCBHUL was introduced into rice calli from immature young embryos by particle bombardment. After the calli were regenerated into plantlets on the resistant-selecting media containing hygromycin, they were identified by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. It was indicated that the pi and phb genes were integrated into nucleic genome of the transformed rice plants. GUS activity and the product of the pi gene were determined by GUS staining, Western blot and in situ hybridization at translational level. Eighteen out of 40 plants resistant to hygromycin were positively identified by PCR analysis with the rate of 45%. The pi gene was expressed in 3 out of 18 plants with 17% and 7.5% in 40 plants. The results may provide a clue for exploring whether Rhizobium leguminosarum by. viceae could extend its host range and make the transgenic rice plants have the possibility of being symbiotic, or associative to nitrogen fixation.
文摘An approximately 800 bp cDNA ( Lhcb 2) encoding light_harvesting chlorophyll a/b_binding protein complex (type Ⅱ) was cloned from the seedling of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) with RT_PCR method. Southern blotting using special probe demonstrated that there existed one copy of Lhcb 2 in pea genome. RT_PCR and Northern blotting revealed the expression of Lhcb 2 which was regulated by light in a time_dependent expression manner. The Lhcb 2 gene didn't express untill 2 h after irradiated with white light. Low temperature (4 ℃) also affected the Lhcb 2 gene by decreasing half of its expression under 25 ℃.
文摘Pea ( Pisum sativum Linn.) actin gene family contains at least three isoforms (PEAcⅠ, PEAcⅡand PEAcⅢ), and the DNA sequence of these isoforms show high similarity in the coding regions and significant divergence in the untranslated regions. RT_PCR and Southern blotting using 3′_untranslated region (3′_UTR) as specific probe revealed that pea isoactin genes were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, tendrils, pollen and juvenile siliques, but displayed different patterns of transcript accumulation. Two_fold serial dilution electrophoresis showed PEAcⅠ mRNA preferentially accumulated in rapidly developing tissues: it peaked in seven days' stem; remained at a rather high level in leaves within a month but decreased significantly later; varied a little in tendrils and reached a median and a very low level respectively in juvenile siliques and in pollen. PEAcⅡ displayed somewhat similar expression pattern to PEAcⅠ. The observed differences in sequences and transcript accumulation patterns suggest that the individual pea actin genes may differ in their transcriptional regulation and cellular function. Phylogenetic tree of actins showed that pea actin isoforms are as diverged from each other as they are from other plant actins, and pea actins might have originated from a common ancestor before the divergence of the dicot and monocot plants.
文摘To study the function and adaptive mechanism of tonoplast H + ATPase under salt stress, pea ( Pisum sativum L.) seedlings were treated with different concentrations of salt (100-250 mmol/L NaCl) and with 100 mmol/L NaCl for different days (1-3 d). The ATP hydrolytic activity and the proton transport activity and the changes of the amount of tonoplast H + ATPase (subunit A) were measured. ATP hydrolytic activity of H + ATPase prepared from plants treated with 250 mmol/L NaCl was reduced by about 25% compared to that of control plants, but that of stressed plants treated with 100 mmol/L and 200 mmol/L NaCl was unchanged. The activity from plants treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl for up to 3 d was lower than that of control plants by 20%. But the proton transport activity was increased under the same salt stresses as above. These results showed that the changes of the hydrolytic activity and the proton transport activity were not in proportion and salt stress may cause the change of the coupling ratio of H + transport activity to ATP hydrolysis. The protein amount kept unchanged and reduced a little only when pea was treated with 100 mmol/L NaCl for 3 d. These results indicated that salinity stimulated the increase of the pump efficiency of the V_ATPase from pea roots, which was due to the change of the coupling ratio, but not due to the increase of ATP hydrolysis and the amount of V_ATPase.
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to discuss the effect of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation from pea crops of plateau. [ Method] SOD enzyme liquid from pea crops of plateau was extracted by means of protein concentration assay, enzyme activity assay and antioxidant activity determination by DPPH method, peroxide activity inhibition of in vitro tissues from mice by homogenate MDA colorimetry method and lipid peroxidation assay of in vitro tissues. [ Result ] IC50 of the crude enzyme liquid extracted from pea on DPPH was 55.16 mg/L, while the scavenging rate of the crude enzyme liquid was lower than that of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenol and citric acid with the same concentration. The synergistic effect was found in ascorbic acid and crude enzyme liquid, but the synergism of ascorbic acid was better than that of citric acid. IC50 of SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea on DPPH was 11.1 mg/L, which was better than that of tea polyphenol and closely similar to that of ascorbic acid. SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea had an inhibitory effect on MDA production from in vitro tissues such as liver, kidney and heart, especially for a significantly inhibitory effect on MDA from liver in vitro. When the concentration was 0.25 mg/ml, the inhibition rate reached 78.3%, and then the inhibition rate increased little with the concentration incresas, while its effect on heart and kidney were inferior. [ Conclusion] SOD crude enzyme liquid and SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea all have certain DPPH scavenging capacity, while SOD enzyme liquid extracted from pea has an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.
