This study examined the impact of CeO_(2)addition on the sulfur tolerance of Pd/beta zeolite catalyst in toluene catalytic oxidation.By preparing and assessing Ce-modified beta zeolite-supported Pd catalysts,it is fou...This study examined the impact of CeO_(2)addition on the sulfur tolerance of Pd/beta zeolite catalyst in toluene catalytic oxidation.By preparing and assessing Ce-modified beta zeolite-supported Pd catalysts,it is found that the toluene complete conversion over Pd/7.5Ce-beta zeolite occurs at 190℃,with a minimal increase of 20℃even after sulfur poisoning.It is shown that Ce-doping markedly enhances sulfur tolerance besides catalytic activity.The underlying mechanism involves CeO_(2)sites capturing sulfur species,thus safeguarding active Pd species from sulfur poisoning.It can be observed that Pd0active sites,which are crucial in the catalytic high activity,are still present in the most severely poisoned catalyst.Furthermore,Ce-modified catalyst exhibits a more stable pore structure and increased acid strength after sulfur poisoning,all of which are beneficial to improving the sulfur tolerance.Consequently,Pd/Ce-beta zeolite is a promising solution for processing sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds,offering valuable insights for developing effective and sustainable catalysts for environmental remediation.展开更多
【目的】通过研究猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(porcine circovirus type Ⅱ,PCV2)感染过程中程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed cell death 1 ligands,PD-Ls)信号通路作用,寻找调节PCV2免疫抑制新途径,减少...【目的】通过研究猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(porcine circovirus type Ⅱ,PCV2)感染过程中程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed cell death 1 ligands,PD-Ls)信号通路作用,寻找调节PCV2免疫抑制新途径,减少PCV2感染造成的经济损失。【方法】利用实验室构建的重组表达宿主菌pET32a-PD1/Rosetta(DE)进行诱导表达、纯化,获得猪可溶性PD-1蛋白(soluble PD-1,sPD-1)的诱导表达条件;制备大量具有活性的猪sPD-1蛋白,体外作用于PCV2感染的猪外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMCs),分别通过CCK-8和流式细胞术检测PBMCs的增殖情况,间接免疫荧光法和RT-qPCR检测猪sPD-1蛋白对PCV2病毒载量的影响,RT-qPCR和ELISA检测猪sPD-1蛋白对免疫相关细胞因子IL-2、IL-12、IL-21、IL-17A和IFN-γ等的转录水平和分泌水平的影响。【结果】通过诱导表达、纯化获得了高纯度、高活性的重组猪sPD-1蛋白。与未使用猪sPD-1蛋白处理的PCV2感染PBMCs组相比,10μg·mL−1猪sPD-1蛋白处理的猪PCV2病毒载量下降至1000 copies·μL−1以下;CCK-8检测结果显示猪sPD-1蛋白处理组细胞增殖指数显著提高(P<0.05);流式细胞术检测发现猪sPD-1蛋白组的平均荧光强度为(68.60±10.14)%,相对于PCV2病毒组(28.70±3.18)%显著增强(P<0.05);反转录荧光定量PCR和ELISA检测,发现猪sPD-1蛋白处理组的细胞因子IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ的转录水平和分泌水平显著升高(P<0.05)。【结论】猪sPD-1蛋白可以通过阻断PD-1/PD-Ls通路降低PCV2的病毒载量,促进PBMCs的增殖,增强PBMCs细胞因子的转录水平和分泌水平免疫反应。因此,猪sPD-1蛋白在体外可以增强PCV2感染PBMCs的免疫反应,进一步为病毒性疾病的防控提供理论依据。展开更多
基金Project supported by Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Research Project(LGG19B070003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21902069)。
文摘This study examined the impact of CeO_(2)addition on the sulfur tolerance of Pd/beta zeolite catalyst in toluene catalytic oxidation.By preparing and assessing Ce-modified beta zeolite-supported Pd catalysts,it is found that the toluene complete conversion over Pd/7.5Ce-beta zeolite occurs at 190℃,with a minimal increase of 20℃even after sulfur poisoning.It is shown that Ce-doping markedly enhances sulfur tolerance besides catalytic activity.The underlying mechanism involves CeO_(2)sites capturing sulfur species,thus safeguarding active Pd species from sulfur poisoning.It can be observed that Pd0active sites,which are crucial in the catalytic high activity,are still present in the most severely poisoned catalyst.Furthermore,Ce-modified catalyst exhibits a more stable pore structure and increased acid strength after sulfur poisoning,all of which are beneficial to improving the sulfur tolerance.Consequently,Pd/Ce-beta zeolite is a promising solution for processing sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds,offering valuable insights for developing effective and sustainable catalysts for environmental remediation.
文摘【目的】通过研究猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型(porcine circovirus type Ⅱ,PCV2)感染过程中程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)及其配体(programmed cell death 1 ligands,PD-Ls)信号通路作用,寻找调节PCV2免疫抑制新途径,减少PCV2感染造成的经济损失。【方法】利用实验室构建的重组表达宿主菌pET32a-PD1/Rosetta(DE)进行诱导表达、纯化,获得猪可溶性PD-1蛋白(soluble PD-1,sPD-1)的诱导表达条件;制备大量具有活性的猪sPD-1蛋白,体外作用于PCV2感染的猪外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMCs),分别通过CCK-8和流式细胞术检测PBMCs的增殖情况,间接免疫荧光法和RT-qPCR检测猪sPD-1蛋白对PCV2病毒载量的影响,RT-qPCR和ELISA检测猪sPD-1蛋白对免疫相关细胞因子IL-2、IL-12、IL-21、IL-17A和IFN-γ等的转录水平和分泌水平的影响。【结果】通过诱导表达、纯化获得了高纯度、高活性的重组猪sPD-1蛋白。与未使用猪sPD-1蛋白处理的PCV2感染PBMCs组相比,10μg·mL−1猪sPD-1蛋白处理的猪PCV2病毒载量下降至1000 copies·μL−1以下;CCK-8检测结果显示猪sPD-1蛋白处理组细胞增殖指数显著提高(P<0.05);流式细胞术检测发现猪sPD-1蛋白组的平均荧光强度为(68.60±10.14)%,相对于PCV2病毒组(28.70±3.18)%显著增强(P<0.05);反转录荧光定量PCR和ELISA检测,发现猪sPD-1蛋白处理组的细胞因子IL-2、IL-12和IFN-γ的转录水平和分泌水平显著升高(P<0.05)。【结论】猪sPD-1蛋白可以通过阻断PD-1/PD-Ls通路降低PCV2的病毒载量,促进PBMCs的增殖,增强PBMCs细胞因子的转录水平和分泌水平免疫反应。因此,猪sPD-1蛋白在体外可以增强PCV2感染PBMCs的免疫反应,进一步为病毒性疾病的防控提供理论依据。
