The ideology of being ready to make innovation and keeping abreast of the times is a defining feature of the Chinese civilization.IN several of his recent speeches President Xi Jinping stressed that the Chinese civili...The ideology of being ready to make innovation and keeping abreast of the times is a defining feature of the Chinese civilization.IN several of his recent speeches President Xi Jinping stressed that the Chinese civilization has the tradition of discarding the outdated in favor of the new and moving ahead with the times.In exploring a new philosophy that is suitable for governing China in the new era,China draws on its fine traditional culture to find ways of abolishing outdated ideas and making theoretical,practical,and institutional innovations,thus staying abreast of the time to create a better future.展开更多
1.Objective Three stages of Mesozoic magmatic activity have been identified in the Jiaodong area,namely early magmatic emplacement,the magmatic emplacement prior to mineralization,and magmatic activity post-mineraliza...1.Objective Three stages of Mesozoic magmatic activity have been identified in the Jiaodong area,namely early magmatic emplacement,the magmatic emplacement prior to mineralization,and magmatic activity post-mineralization,from early to late.展开更多
1.Objective,The Cretaceous succession is characteristic of the aeolian sedimentary system in the Ordos Basin,which is the major ore-bearing layer for the sandstone-type uranium deposits.Based on the research of paleon...1.Objective,The Cretaceous succession is characteristic of the aeolian sedimentary system in the Ordos Basin,which is the major ore-bearing layer for the sandstone-type uranium deposits.Based on the research of paleontology and magnetostratigraphy,formers believed it belonged to the Early Cretaceous(Huang YB,2010).However,the lack of intrusions or volcanic rocks for isotopic dating results in an unclear formation age for the Lower Cretaceous succession.Recently,tuffs were firstly discovered in the Luohandong Formation in the Zhenyuan area,Gansu Province,located in the southwestern Ordos Basin,China.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffs was carried out.The new ages can precisely constrain the depositional age of the Luohandong Formation and also provide significant indications for the study of regional volcanic activities,paleoclimate,basin evolution,and tectonic setting.展开更多
Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological c...Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.展开更多
The Ediacaran Period records a significant turning point in the evolution of life on Earth,witnessing the rise to ecological dominance of macroscopic tissue-grade organisms.The Wenghui biota from the Doushantuo Format...The Ediacaran Period records a significant turning point in the evolution of life on Earth,witnessing the rise to ecological dominance of macroscopic tissue-grade organisms.The Wenghui biota from the Doushantuo Formation of South China hosts abundant multicellular algal macrofossils and problematica,some of which might be closely related to taxa from classic Late Ediacaran assemblages from South Australia and the White Sea biota of Russia.However,a lack of well-resolved isotopic age estimates has hampered efforts to constrain the timing of appearance of the Wenghui biota,obfuscating its significance to our understanding of Ediacaran macroevolution in the aftermath of the Snowball Earth events.Here,we present the first SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating results for samples obtained from a laminated tuff ash layer at the base of the Wenghui biota in the Doushantuo Formation,Jiangkou County,Tongren City,Guizhou Province,China.Our analyses yield an age of 595.4±5.3 Ma for the first appearance of Wenghui biota,suggesting that its appearance postdated that of the Lantian and Weng'an biotas,but preceded that of the Miaohe biota.These newly obtained age proxies offer an independent test of previous isotopic estimates for the age of the Wenghui biota,providing new chronostratigraphic evidence to map the succession of Ediacaran fossil assemblages on the Yangtze Platform during the Doushantuo interval.These data suggest that the Lantian,Weng'an,Wenghui,and Miaohe biotas may record a sequence of biotic assemblages attesting to successive phases in the radiation of Ediacaran macroscopic organisms,particularly macroalgae.展开更多
The tectonic evolution of Borneo and the affiliation between Southern and Northern Borneo remains unclear.The Rajang and Crocker Fan sediments,as one of the largest ancient submarine fans in Southeast Asia have witnes...The tectonic evolution of Borneo and the affiliation between Southern and Northern Borneo remains unclear.The Rajang and Crocker Fan sediments,as one of the largest ancient submarine fans in Southeast Asia have witnessed the tectonic evolution of Borneo since at least the late Mesozoic.In this study,we present laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic results of detrital zircons from the Trusmadi and Crocker formations within the Crocker Fan of Sabah,Northern Borneo.Our results,coupled with previous data,show that the Crocker Fan sediments in Sabah of Northern Borneo display similar age spectra to the Rajang Fan sediments in Sarawak of Central Borneo,with two major age clusters at 130-80 and 280-200 Ma.Further provenance analysis based on mineral shape with a prismatic characteristic and similar detrital zircon Hf isotopes of the two formations illustrates that the Jurassic-Cretaceous and partly Triassic detrital zircons of the Crocker and Rajang Fan sediments were derived from the erosion of contemporaneous magmatic rocks;part of Permian-Triassic ones could be the recycling of the Jurassic deposits in SW Borneo.The initial provenance of these Permian-Triassic detritus could be synchronous magmatic rocks in the Tin belt of the Malay Peninsula.Combining with previous data,we propose that the entire Borneo continent,including both Southern and Northern Borneo,developed a common Mesozoic continental magmatic arc.Moreover,we postulate that the Rajang and Crocker fans formed in a fore-arc extensional rift basin related to the retreat of the subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Northern Borneo margin.展开更多
Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interacti...Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interaction network for these QTGs has not yet been established.In this study,we use 18K-rice lines to identify QTGs and their epistatic interactions affecting rice heading date.We identify 264 pairs of interacting quantitative trait loci(QTL)and construct a comprehensive genetic network of these QTL.On average,the epistatic effects of QTL pairs are estimated to be approximately 12.5%of additive effects of identified QTL.Importantly,epistasis varies among different alleles of several heading date genes.Additionally,57 pairs of interacting QTGs are also significant in their epistatic effects on 12 other agronomic traits.The identified QTL genetic interactions are further validated using near-isogenic lines,yeast two-hybrid,and split-luciferase complementation assays.Overall,this study provides a genetic network of rice heading date genes,which plays a crucial role in regulating rice heading date and influencing multiple related agronomic traits.This network serves as a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of rice quantitative traits and for advancing rice molecular breeding.展开更多
1.Objective The Songpan-Ganze terrane is a key region for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Craton.The Songpan-Ganzi complex comprises a thick succession of deformed Ladinian-...1.Objective The Songpan-Ganze terrane is a key region for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Craton.The Songpan-Ganzi complex comprises a thick succession of deformed Ladinian-Norian turbidites(ca.230-203 Ma),covering about 200000 km^(2)of the eastern Tibet Plateau with a volume of approximately 2.0×10^(6)km^(3)(Fig.1a).Furthermore,this complex has over 100 Permian-Cenozoic felsic plutons.展开更多
Four Pb-Zn deposits,namely Bangpu(BP),Digei(DG),Nabuding(NB)and Cuoga(CG),are located within a 20 km distance of each other in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt(GPCB).The age and nature of the Pb-Zn mineralization,esp...Four Pb-Zn deposits,namely Bangpu(BP),Digei(DG),Nabuding(NB)and Cuoga(CG),are located within a 20 km distance of each other in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt(GPCB).The age and nature of the Pb-Zn mineralization,especially its relationship to magmatism,remain uncertain.In order to address this issue,mica from the four deposits was selected for in situ Rb-Sr dating,with sphalerite additionally being selected for in situ trace element analysis.Detailed geological research has revealed that the BP and NB deposits are primarily skarn-type Pb-Zn mineralization,while DG and CG are associated with magmatic hydrothermal breccia and are characterized by banded-type mineralization.The Rb-Sr isochron ages of syn-mineralization muscovite at the BP and CG deposits are 11±6 Ma and 19.7±0.7 Ma respectively.Fe,Cd,In,Mn and Sn occur as lattice substitutions in sphalerite from the four deposits.Cu exists as microinclusions in BP,but occurs isomorphically in the DG,NB and CG deposits.The formation temperatures of the four deposits,as calculated from sphalerite geothermometry,range from approximately 200℃to 300℃,indicating that they belong to medium temperature deposits.BP and NB are classified as skarn Pb-Zn deposits,while DG and CG are categorized as hydrothermal filled Pb-Zn deposits.These results suggest that,in addition to porphyry Cu mineralization,the GPCB also contains significant Miocene Pb-Zn mineralization.展开更多
The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to d...The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.展开更多
Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD...Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.展开更多
Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early ...Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early Pleisto-cene.They help fill a gap between previous work that focused on older and younger deposits:Older dated deposits include the 5 Ma Bouse Formation,which records the integration of the Colorado River through a series of preexisting basins to the Gulf of California and the ca.4.5-3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium,a 200 to 300 m thick aggregational package that immediately followed integration.The much younger,100-70 ka,Chemehuevi Formation is another major aggrada-tion package mapped throughout the LCRC.The new burial ages on the facies of Santa Fe Railway(4.37±0.71 Ma),boulder conglomerate of Bat Cave Wash(2.12±0.26 and 2.05±0.31 Ma),and the Palo Verde alluvium(3.03±0.26 Ma)partially fill in a 3.5 M.y.gap between the deposition of the Bullhead Alluvium and the Chemeheuvi Formation and document the timescales over which the Colorado River was able to remove the Bullhead aggradational package and initiate newer and smaller aggradational pulses.展开更多
A new stepwise dissolution scheme, involving acids with different properties, enables the selective recovery of radiogenic and common Pb from a mineral, and makes single-mineral Pb-Pb dating possible. Garnet from a gr...A new stepwise dissolution scheme, involving acids with different properties, enables the selective recovery of radiogenic and common Pb from a mineral, and makes single-mineral Pb-Pb dating possible. Garnet from a granulite sample from Huangtuling, northern Dabie Mountain yields a Pb-Pb isochron age of (1098 ± 35) Ma, which is interpreted as the timing of peak metamorphism of granulite facies.展开更多
It is revealed by CL images that there are multi-stage growth internal structures of zircons in the Huangtuling granulite, including the inherited zircons, protolith zircons, sector and planar zone zircons and retrogr...It is revealed by CL images that there are multi-stage growth internal structures of zircons in the Huangtuling granulite, including the inherited zircons, protolith zircons, sector and planar zone zircons and retrograde zircons. In-situ trace element compositions and Pb-Pb ages have been analyzed by LAM-ICP-MS. The sector and the planar zone domains show typical trace element characteristics of granulite zircon (low Th, U, Th/U, total REEs, clear negative Eu anomalies, relatively depleted HREE and small differential degree between MREE and HREE, etc.), indicating that they formed during granulite-facies metamorphism. The protolith zircons have trace element characteristics of crustal zircon (high Th, U, Th/U, total REEs and enriched HREEs, etc.). 12 analyzed spots on granulite-facies domains give a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of (2154±26) Ma (MSWD = 3.8), which is the best estimated age of granulite-facies metamorphism of this sample. The weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 5 analyzed spots on protolith zircon domains is (2714 ± 22) Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which represents the protolith forming time. The discovery of ca. 3.4 Ga inherited zircon indicates that there are Palaeoarchean continental materials in this area. The interpretation of formation conditions and the ages of zircons can be constrained by simultaneous in-situ analysis of trace elements and ages.展开更多
CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH PROGRESS Recent advancements in analytical capabilities and the precision of measuring instruments in in-situ laser ablation mass spectrometry(LA-MC-ICPMS)have markedly broad ened the utility o...CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH PROGRESS Recent advancements in analytical capabilities and the precision of measuring instruments in in-situ laser ablation mass spectrometry(LA-MC-ICPMS)have markedly broad ened the utility of the U-Pb isotopic geochronometer.This progress has paved the way for accurately determining the ab solute ages of minerals with low uranium concentrations.In re cent years,in-situ U-Pb dating has witnessed rapid advance ments across diverse mineral types,encompassing calcite,dolo mite,fluorite,nacrite,anatase,and wolframite(Roberts et al.,2020).展开更多
Kimberlite,one of the deepest known magmatic rocks on Earth,offers valuable glimpses into the deep mantle composition(Woodhead et al.,2019),craton structure(Gardiner et al.,2020),global geodynamic variation(Tappe et a...Kimberlite,one of the deepest known magmatic rocks on Earth,offers valuable glimpses into the deep mantle composition(Woodhead et al.,2019),craton structure(Gardiner et al.,2020),global geodynamic variation(Tappe et al.,2018),and diamond formation(Giuliani et al.,2023).The accurate determination of the emplacement of this special rock is crucial for revealing such information.However,dating kimberlite is challenging due to its silica-poor,volatile-rich,strongly altered,and hybrid nature(Mitchell et al.,2019).Zircon is unsuitable for dating kimberlite and related rocks due to its preference for crystallizing in intermediate to felsic melts(Gervasoni et al.,2016)rather than silica-poor ones.Even if present,zircon is prone to Pb loss through hydrothermal alteration(Zi et al.,2022)in a volatile-rich system like kimberlitic magmas.展开更多
Efficient and high-quality estimation of key phenological dates in rice is of great significance in breeding work. Plant height(PH) dynamics are valuable for estimating phenological dates. However, research on estimat...Efficient and high-quality estimation of key phenological dates in rice is of great significance in breeding work. Plant height(PH) dynamics are valuable for estimating phenological dates. However, research on estimating the key phenological dates of multiple rice accessions based on PH dynamics has been limited. In 2022, field traits were collected using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based images across 435 plots, including 364 rice varieties. PH, dates of initial heading(IH) and full heading(FH), and panicle initiation(PI), and growth period after transplanting(GPAT) were collected during the rice growth stage. PHs were extracted using a digital surface model(DSM) and fitted using Fourier and logistic models. Machine learning algorithms, including multiple linear regression, random forest(RF), support vector regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and elastic net regression, were employed to estimate phenological dates. Results indicated that the optimal percentile of the DSM for extracting rice PH was the 95th(R^(2) = 0.934, RMSE = 0.056 m). The Fourier model provided a better fit for PH dynamics compared with the logistic models. Additionally, curve features(CF) and GPAT were significantly associated with PI, IH, and FH. The combination of CF and GPAT outperformed the use of CF alone, with RF demonstrating the best performance among the algorithms. Specifically, the combination of CF extracted from the logistic models, GPAT, and RF yielded the best performance for estimating PI(R^(2) = 0.834, RMSE = 4.344 d), IH(R^(2) = 0.877, RMSE = 2.721 d), and FH(R^(2) = 0.883, RMSE = 2.694 d). Overall, UAV-based rice PH dynamics combined with machine learning effectively estimated the key phenological dates of multiple rice accessions, providing a novel approach for investigating key phenological dates in breeding work.展开更多
Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality.There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes.This manuscript assessed the effects of d...Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality.There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes.This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoproteins,high-density lipoproteins,and microbial markers.Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles.Of the 595 studies retrieved,24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids.Overall,the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose.Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels.Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.Therefore,patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose,cholesterol,and triglycerides.展开更多
The samples of ductile-rheologic deformational augen granite from the Yunkai uplift area, western Guangdong province, were determined by the whole-rock Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb and Rb-Sr isotopic dating to have an Sm-Nd isochron ...The samples of ductile-rheologic deformational augen granite from the Yunkai uplift area, western Guangdong province, were determined by the whole-rock Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb and Rb-Sr isotopic dating to have an Sm-Nd isochron age of 1414±68 Ma, a Pb-Pb isochron age of 1388±90 Ma and a Rb-Sr isochron age of 490±36 Ma. The first two ages are interpreted as the formation age of this suite of granite and the last age represents the timing of the tectono-thermal event of Caledonian ductile-rheologic shear partial melting. It is indicated that in the study area not only an orogeny took place in the Caledonian, but also a more important tectono-magmatic activity occurred in the Meso-proterozoic there, which may be related to the subduction-collision between the Yangtze block and Cathaysia block.展开更多
文摘The ideology of being ready to make innovation and keeping abreast of the times is a defining feature of the Chinese civilization.IN several of his recent speeches President Xi Jinping stressed that the Chinese civilization has the tradition of discarding the outdated in favor of the new and moving ahead with the times.In exploring a new philosophy that is suitable for governing China in the new era,China draws on its fine traditional culture to find ways of abolishing outdated ideas and making theoretical,practical,and institutional innovations,thus staying abreast of the time to create a better future.
基金This paper was supported by the geological researchprojects of the Shandong Yantai Xintai Gold Mining Co.,Ltd.under China National Gold Group Corporation(Grant Nos.XY-DZ2020081,WTDZ2022001,XY-DZ20210161,and XY-DZ2022183)。
文摘1.Objective Three stages of Mesozoic magmatic activity have been identified in the Jiaodong area,namely early magmatic emplacement,the magmatic emplacement prior to mineralization,and magmatic activity post-mineralization,from early to late.
基金supported by the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China(2022FY101800)the National Science Foundation of China(92162212)the International Geoscience Programme(IGCP 675).
文摘1.Objective,The Cretaceous succession is characteristic of the aeolian sedimentary system in the Ordos Basin,which is the major ore-bearing layer for the sandstone-type uranium deposits.Based on the research of paleontology and magnetostratigraphy,formers believed it belonged to the Early Cretaceous(Huang YB,2010).However,the lack of intrusions or volcanic rocks for isotopic dating results in an unclear formation age for the Lower Cretaceous succession.Recently,tuffs were firstly discovered in the Luohandong Formation in the Zhenyuan area,Gansu Province,located in the southwestern Ordos Basin,China.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of tuffs was carried out.The new ages can precisely constrain the depositional age of the Luohandong Formation and also provide significant indications for the study of regional volcanic activities,paleoclimate,basin evolution,and tectonic setting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A2022 and 32372217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2300700)the Free Exploration Program of State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Sichuan Basin,China(SKL-ZY202216)。
文摘Adjustment of the sowing date is a widely used measure in rice production for adapting to high-temperature conditions.However,the impact of a delayed sowing date(DS)on rice quality may vary by variety and ecological conditions.In this study,we conducted experiments using four different sowing dates,the conventional sowing date 1(CS1),CS2(10 d later than CS1),DS1(30 d later than CS1),and DS2(30 d later than CS2),and three rice varieties,i.e.,Yixiangyou 2115,Fyou 498,and Chuanyou 6203.This experiment was conducted at four sites in the Sichuan Basin in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the infuence of DS on the pasting properties of rice,which are a proxy for the eating and cooking quality(ECQ).In DS1 and DS2,the rice had a signifcantly greater amylose content(AC)but a lower protein content(PC),peak viscosity(PKV),cool paste viscosity(CPV),and hot paste viscosity(HPV)than in CS1 and CS2.Moreover,except for CS2 and DS1 in 2018,DS1 and DS2 led to 2.15-11.19%reductions in breakdown viscosity(BDV)and 23.46-108.47%increases in setback viscosity(SBV).However,the infuence of DS on rice pasting properties varied by study site and rice variety.In 2019,DS1 and DS2 led to BDV reductions of 2.35-9.33,2.61-8.61,10.03-17.78,and 2.06-8.93%,and SBV increases of 2.32-60.93,63.74-144.24,55.46-91.63,and-8.28-65.37%at the Dayi,Anzhou,Nanbu,and Shehong(except for SBV in CS2 and DS1)sites,respectively.DS resulted in greater reductions in PKV,HPV,CPV,and BDV and greater increases in the AC and SBV for Yixiangyou 2115 than for Chuanyou 6203 and Fyou 498.The correlation analysis indicated that PKV and HPV were signifcantly and positively related to the mean,maximum,and minimum temperatures after heading.These temperatures must be greater than 25.9,31.2,and 22.3℃,respectively,to increase the relative BDV and reduce the relative SBV of rice,thereby enhancing ECQ.In conclusion,DS might contribute to a signifcant deterioration in ECQ in machine-transplanted rice in the Sichuan Basin.A mean temperature above 25.9℃ after heading is required to improve the ECQ of rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42172035 and 41572024)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities(No.LJ202410166012)+1 种基金Geological Survey Project of China(No.DD20221645)Open Foundation(No.203124)of State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy(Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,CAS)。
文摘The Ediacaran Period records a significant turning point in the evolution of life on Earth,witnessing the rise to ecological dominance of macroscopic tissue-grade organisms.The Wenghui biota from the Doushantuo Formation of South China hosts abundant multicellular algal macrofossils and problematica,some of which might be closely related to taxa from classic Late Ediacaran assemblages from South Australia and the White Sea biota of Russia.However,a lack of well-resolved isotopic age estimates has hampered efforts to constrain the timing of appearance of the Wenghui biota,obfuscating its significance to our understanding of Ediacaran macroevolution in the aftermath of the Snowball Earth events.Here,we present the first SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating results for samples obtained from a laminated tuff ash layer at the base of the Wenghui biota in the Doushantuo Formation,Jiangkou County,Tongren City,Guizhou Province,China.Our analyses yield an age of 595.4±5.3 Ma for the first appearance of Wenghui biota,suggesting that its appearance postdated that of the Lantian and Weng'an biotas,but preceded that of the Miaohe biota.These newly obtained age proxies offer an independent test of previous isotopic estimates for the age of the Wenghui biota,providing new chronostratigraphic evidence to map the succession of Ediacaran fossil assemblages on the Yangtze Platform during the Doushantuo interval.These data suggest that the Lantian,Weng'an,Wenghui,and Miaohe biotas may record a sequence of biotic assemblages attesting to successive phases in the radiation of Ediacaran macroscopic organisms,particularly macroalgae.
基金jointly supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xiamen(No.2018002)the Guangxi Natural Science Fundation(No.2022GXNSFBA035588)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41506050,41402193)the Scientific Research Foundation of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration(No.19-185-17-09)。
文摘The tectonic evolution of Borneo and the affiliation between Southern and Northern Borneo remains unclear.The Rajang and Crocker Fan sediments,as one of the largest ancient submarine fans in Southeast Asia have witnessed the tectonic evolution of Borneo since at least the late Mesozoic.In this study,we present laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer(LA-ICP-MS)U-Pb dating and Hf isotopic results of detrital zircons from the Trusmadi and Crocker formations within the Crocker Fan of Sabah,Northern Borneo.Our results,coupled with previous data,show that the Crocker Fan sediments in Sabah of Northern Borneo display similar age spectra to the Rajang Fan sediments in Sarawak of Central Borneo,with two major age clusters at 130-80 and 280-200 Ma.Further provenance analysis based on mineral shape with a prismatic characteristic and similar detrital zircon Hf isotopes of the two formations illustrates that the Jurassic-Cretaceous and partly Triassic detrital zircons of the Crocker and Rajang Fan sediments were derived from the erosion of contemporaneous magmatic rocks;part of Permian-Triassic ones could be the recycling of the Jurassic deposits in SW Borneo.The initial provenance of these Permian-Triassic detritus could be synchronous magmatic rocks in the Tin belt of the Malay Peninsula.Combining with previous data,we propose that the entire Borneo continent,including both Southern and Northern Borneo,developed a common Mesozoic continental magmatic arc.Moreover,we postulate that the Rajang and Crocker fans formed in a fore-arc extensional rift basin related to the retreat of the subducted Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Northern Borneo margin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222064 and 32341030)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1445800)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24C130008).
文摘Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interaction network for these QTGs has not yet been established.In this study,we use 18K-rice lines to identify QTGs and their epistatic interactions affecting rice heading date.We identify 264 pairs of interacting quantitative trait loci(QTL)and construct a comprehensive genetic network of these QTL.On average,the epistatic effects of QTL pairs are estimated to be approximately 12.5%of additive effects of identified QTL.Importantly,epistasis varies among different alleles of several heading date genes.Additionally,57 pairs of interacting QTGs are also significant in their epistatic effects on 12 other agronomic traits.The identified QTL genetic interactions are further validated using near-isogenic lines,yeast two-hybrid,and split-luciferase complementation assays.Overall,this study provides a genetic network of rice heading date genes,which plays a crucial role in regulating rice heading date and influencing multiple related agronomic traits.This network serves as a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of rice quantitative traits and for advancing rice molecular breeding.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Project of the Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey(SCIGS-CZDXM-2023003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41603034).
文摘1.Objective The Songpan-Ganze terrane is a key region for understanding the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the Yangtze Craton.The Songpan-Ganzi complex comprises a thick succession of deformed Ladinian-Norian turbidites(ca.230-203 Ma),covering about 200000 km^(2)of the eastern Tibet Plateau with a volume of approximately 2.0×10^(6)km^(3)(Fig.1a).Furthermore,this complex has over 100 Permian-Cenozoic felsic plutons.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2024YFC2910400)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(2021QZKK0302)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472115)the Chinese Geological Survey(DD20230008 and DD20230230)。
文摘Four Pb-Zn deposits,namely Bangpu(BP),Digei(DG),Nabuding(NB)and Cuoga(CG),are located within a 20 km distance of each other in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt(GPCB).The age and nature of the Pb-Zn mineralization,especially its relationship to magmatism,remain uncertain.In order to address this issue,mica from the four deposits was selected for in situ Rb-Sr dating,with sphalerite additionally being selected for in situ trace element analysis.Detailed geological research has revealed that the BP and NB deposits are primarily skarn-type Pb-Zn mineralization,while DG and CG are associated with magmatic hydrothermal breccia and are characterized by banded-type mineralization.The Rb-Sr isochron ages of syn-mineralization muscovite at the BP and CG deposits are 11±6 Ma and 19.7±0.7 Ma respectively.Fe,Cd,In,Mn and Sn occur as lattice substitutions in sphalerite from the four deposits.Cu exists as microinclusions in BP,but occurs isomorphically in the DG,NB and CG deposits.The formation temperatures of the four deposits,as calculated from sphalerite geothermometry,range from approximately 200℃to 300℃,indicating that they belong to medium temperature deposits.BP and NB are classified as skarn Pb-Zn deposits,while DG and CG are categorized as hydrothermal filled Pb-Zn deposits.These results suggest that,in addition to porphyry Cu mineralization,the GPCB also contains significant Miocene Pb-Zn mineralization.
基金funded by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R821),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The precise identification of date palm tree diseases is essential for maintaining agricultural productivity and promoting sustainable farming methods.Conventional approaches rely on visual examination by experts to detect infected palm leaves,which is time intensive and susceptible to mistakes.This study proposes an automated leaf classification system that uses deep learning algorithms to identify and categorize diseases in date palm tree leaves with high precision and dependability.The system leverages pretrained convolutional neural network architectures(InceptionV3,DenseNet,and MobileNet)to extract and examine leaf characteristics for classification purposes.A publicly accessible dataset comprising multiple classes of diseased and healthy date palm leaf samples was used for the training and assessment.Data augmentation techniques were implemented to enhance the dataset and improve model resilience.In addition,Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)was applied to address class imbalance and further improve the classification performance.The system was trained and evaluated using this dataset,and two of the models,DenseNet and MobileNet,achieved classification accuracies greater than 95%.MobileNetV2 emerged as the top-performing model among those assessed,achieving an overall accuracy of 96.99%and macro-average F1-score of 0.97.All nine categories of date palm leaf conditions were consistently and accurately identified,showing exceptional precision and dependability.Comparative experiments were conducted to assess the performance of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures and demonstrate their potential for scalable and automated disease detection.This system has the potential to serve as a valuable agricultural tool for assisting in disease management and monitoring date palm cultivation.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ24C130004 and LQ24C130008)。
文摘Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.
文摘Four new^(10)Be-^(26)Al isochron burial ages ranging from 4.4 to 2 Ma on ancestral Colorado River deposits in the lower Colorado River corridor(LCRC)help constrain the river’s evolution during the Pliocene and early Pleisto-cene.They help fill a gap between previous work that focused on older and younger deposits:Older dated deposits include the 5 Ma Bouse Formation,which records the integration of the Colorado River through a series of preexisting basins to the Gulf of California and the ca.4.5-3.5 Ma Bullhead Alluvium,a 200 to 300 m thick aggregational package that immediately followed integration.The much younger,100-70 ka,Chemehuevi Formation is another major aggrada-tion package mapped throughout the LCRC.The new burial ages on the facies of Santa Fe Railway(4.37±0.71 Ma),boulder conglomerate of Bat Cave Wash(2.12±0.26 and 2.05±0.31 Ma),and the Palo Verde alluvium(3.03±0.26 Ma)partially fill in a 3.5 M.y.gap between the deposition of the Bullhead Alluvium and the Chemeheuvi Formation and document the timescales over which the Colorado River was able to remove the Bullhead aggradational package and initiate newer and smaller aggradational pulses.
文摘A new stepwise dissolution scheme, involving acids with different properties, enables the selective recovery of radiogenic and common Pb from a mineral, and makes single-mineral Pb-Pb dating possible. Garnet from a granulite sample from Huangtuling, northern Dabie Mountain yields a Pb-Pb isochron age of (1098 ± 35) Ma, which is interpreted as the timing of peak metamorphism of granulite facies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40033010 , 40273028)the National Key Basic Research Program(Grant No.G1999075503) partly supported by the Guangzhou Association of Scientific Instruments Cooperation.
文摘It is revealed by CL images that there are multi-stage growth internal structures of zircons in the Huangtuling granulite, including the inherited zircons, protolith zircons, sector and planar zone zircons and retrograde zircons. In-situ trace element compositions and Pb-Pb ages have been analyzed by LAM-ICP-MS. The sector and the planar zone domains show typical trace element characteristics of granulite zircon (low Th, U, Th/U, total REEs, clear negative Eu anomalies, relatively depleted HREE and small differential degree between MREE and HREE, etc.), indicating that they formed during granulite-facies metamorphism. The protolith zircons have trace element characteristics of crustal zircon (high Th, U, Th/U, total REEs and enriched HREEs, etc.). 12 analyzed spots on granulite-facies domains give a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of (2154±26) Ma (MSWD = 3.8), which is the best estimated age of granulite-facies metamorphism of this sample. The weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 5 analyzed spots on protolith zircon domains is (2714 ± 22) Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which represents the protolith forming time. The discovery of ca. 3.4 Ga inherited zircon indicates that there are Palaeoarchean continental materials in this area. The interpretation of formation conditions and the ages of zircons can be constrained by simultaneous in-situ analysis of trace elements and ages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42072142,41702121)the support of a visiting research fellowship to allow the first author to visit the University of Queensland in 2020.
文摘CHALLENGES AND RESEARCH PROGRESS Recent advancements in analytical capabilities and the precision of measuring instruments in in-situ laser ablation mass spectrometry(LA-MC-ICPMS)have markedly broad ened the utility of the U-Pb isotopic geochronometer.This progress has paved the way for accurately determining the ab solute ages of minerals with low uranium concentrations.In re cent years,in-situ U-Pb dating has witnessed rapid advance ments across diverse mineral types,encompassing calcite,dolo mite,fluorite,nacrite,anatase,and wolframite(Roberts et al.,2020).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41963006 and 41603039)。
文摘Kimberlite,one of the deepest known magmatic rocks on Earth,offers valuable glimpses into the deep mantle composition(Woodhead et al.,2019),craton structure(Gardiner et al.,2020),global geodynamic variation(Tappe et al.,2018),and diamond formation(Giuliani et al.,2023).The accurate determination of the emplacement of this special rock is crucial for revealing such information.However,dating kimberlite is challenging due to its silica-poor,volatile-rich,strongly altered,and hybrid nature(Mitchell et al.,2019).Zircon is unsuitable for dating kimberlite and related rocks due to its preference for crystallizing in intermediate to felsic melts(Gervasoni et al.,2016)rather than silica-poor ones.Even if present,zircon is prone to Pb loss through hydrothermal alteration(Zi et al.,2022)in a volatile-rich system like kimberlitic magmas.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFD2300700)the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute (Grant No.2023ZZKT20402)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202119)the Zhejiang ‘Ten Thousand Talents’ Plan Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Project, China (Grant No.2020R52035)。
文摘Efficient and high-quality estimation of key phenological dates in rice is of great significance in breeding work. Plant height(PH) dynamics are valuable for estimating phenological dates. However, research on estimating the key phenological dates of multiple rice accessions based on PH dynamics has been limited. In 2022, field traits were collected using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based images across 435 plots, including 364 rice varieties. PH, dates of initial heading(IH) and full heading(FH), and panicle initiation(PI), and growth period after transplanting(GPAT) were collected during the rice growth stage. PHs were extracted using a digital surface model(DSM) and fitted using Fourier and logistic models. Machine learning algorithms, including multiple linear regression, random forest(RF), support vector regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and elastic net regression, were employed to estimate phenological dates. Results indicated that the optimal percentile of the DSM for extracting rice PH was the 95th(R^(2) = 0.934, RMSE = 0.056 m). The Fourier model provided a better fit for PH dynamics compared with the logistic models. Additionally, curve features(CF) and GPAT were significantly associated with PI, IH, and FH. The combination of CF and GPAT outperformed the use of CF alone, with RF demonstrating the best performance among the algorithms. Specifically, the combination of CF extracted from the logistic models, GPAT, and RF yielded the best performance for estimating PI(R^(2) = 0.834, RMSE = 4.344 d), IH(R^(2) = 0.877, RMSE = 2.721 d), and FH(R^(2) = 0.883, RMSE = 2.694 d). Overall, UAV-based rice PH dynamics combined with machine learning effectively estimated the key phenological dates of multiple rice accessions, providing a novel approach for investigating key phenological dates in breeding work.
文摘Poor fruit and vegetable consumption is one of the 10 major risk factors for mortality.There is a misconception regarding the consumption of dates among patients with diabetes.This manuscript assessed the effects of date consumption on fasting and postprandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoproteins,high-density lipoproteins,and microbial markers.Four literature databases were searched for relevant articles.Of the 595 studies retrieved,24 assessed the effects of dates on glycemic control and lipids.Overall,the evidence suggests that dates have a lowering effect on blood glucose.Dates reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increase high-density lipoprotein levels.Dates also promote the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota.Therefore,patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia can consume dates to reduce their blood glucose,cholesterol,and triglycerides.
基金This study was financially supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China grant 49502036；the key project (95-02-007) of Science and Technology of the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.
文摘The samples of ductile-rheologic deformational augen granite from the Yunkai uplift area, western Guangdong province, were determined by the whole-rock Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb and Rb-Sr isotopic dating to have an Sm-Nd isochron age of 1414±68 Ma, a Pb-Pb isochron age of 1388±90 Ma and a Rb-Sr isochron age of 490±36 Ma. The first two ages are interpreted as the formation age of this suite of granite and the last age represents the timing of the tectono-thermal event of Caledonian ductile-rheologic shear partial melting. It is indicated that in the study area not only an orogeny took place in the Caledonian, but also a more important tectono-magmatic activity occurred in the Meso-proterozoic there, which may be related to the subduction-collision between the Yangtze block and Cathaysia block.
