Effect of impurities in recycling water on Pb-Ag anode passivation in zinc electrowinning process was investigated by linear scan voltammetry.Results show that passivation process would be affected in the presence of ...Effect of impurities in recycling water on Pb-Ag anode passivation in zinc electrowinning process was investigated by linear scan voltammetry.Results show that passivation process would be affected in the presence of Cl^-and F-in recycling water.It was highly advantageous to take H2SO4 concentration as 180g/L,Mn^2＋ concentration as 3-5 g/L and F-less than 42mg/L.However,passivation process would not be affected when Cl^-concentration was less than 13mg/L without any other ions,or when mass ratio of Mn^2＋ to Cl^-existing in electrolyte was 8,where Cl^-concentration could reach up to 625mg/L.展开更多
The effect of MnO4- and silver content on electrochemical behaviour of five commercial Pb-Ag alloy anodes was studied in acid zinc sulphate electrolyte with and without MnO4- ions at 38 °C during potential decay ...The effect of MnO4- and silver content on electrochemical behaviour of five commercial Pb-Ag alloy anodes was studied in acid zinc sulphate electrolyte with and without MnO4- ions at 38 °C during potential decay periods. When the anodes were immersed into acid zinc sulphate electrolyte without MnO4- ions, the Pb-0.72%Ag anode entered complete passivation state in the shortest time among the five anodes, followed by anodes Pb-0.67%Ag, Pb-0.60%Ag, Pb-0.58%Ag and Pb-0.29%Ag-0.1%Ca by measurement of open circuit potential. During immersion of the anodes, MnO4 ions accelerated the passivation and increased the corrosion current density of the anodes. After immersion in zinc electrolyte with MnO4-, the anode Pb-0.72%Ag had the best corrosion resistance, followed by anodes Pb-0.67%Ag, Pb-0.60%Ag, then the close anodes Pb-0.58%Ag and Pb-0.29%Ag-0.1%Ca by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） analysis.展开更多
In this work,the combined addition of strontium/indium(Sr/In)to the magnesium anode for Mg-Air Cells is investigated to improve discharge performance by modifying the anode/electrolyte interface.Indium exists as solid...In this work,the combined addition of strontium/indium(Sr/In)to the magnesium anode for Mg-Air Cells is investigated to improve discharge performance by modifying the anode/electrolyte interface.Indium exists as solid solution atoms in theα-Mg matrix without its second-phase generation,and at the same time facilitates grain refinement,dendritic segregation and Mg17Sr2-phases precipitation.During discharge operation,Sr modifies the film composition via its compounds and promoted the redeposition of In at the substrate/film interface;their co-deposition behavior on the anodic reaction surface enhances anode reaction kinetics,suppresses the negative difference effect(NDE)and mitigates the“chunk effect”(CE),which is contributed to uniform dissolution and low self-corrosion hydrogen evolution rate(HER).Therefore,Mg-Sr-xIn alloy anodes show excellent discharge performance,e.g.,0.5Sr-1.0In shows an average discharge voltage of 1.4234 V and a specific energy density of 1990.71 Wh kg^(-1)at 10 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the decisive factor(CE and self-discharge HE)for anodic efficiency are quantitively analyzed,the self-discharge is the main factor of cell efficiency loss.Surprisingly,all Mg-Sr-xIn anodes show anodic efficiency greater than 60%at high current density(≥10 mA cm^(-2)),making them excellent candidate anodes for Mg-Air cells at high-power output.展开更多
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials ...Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials(>1 V).Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are rare.Herein,a novel organic anode material (tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na_(4)TDC) has been developed with low redox potential (<0.7 V) and excellent cyclic stability.Its three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per cycle.Moreover,the Na_(4)TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg cm^(-2).By pairing with a thick Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode (20.6 mg cm^(-2)),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage (2.8 V),excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na_(4)TDC anode material for SIBs.展开更多
The dominated contradiction in optimizing the performance of magnesium-air battery anode lies in the difficulty of achieving a good balance between activation and passivation during discharge process.To further reconci...The dominated contradiction in optimizing the performance of magnesium-air battery anode lies in the difficulty of achieving a good balance between activation and passivation during discharge process.To further reconcile this contradiction,two Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag anodes with different residual strain distribution through extrusion with/without annealing are fabricated.The results indicate that annealing can significantly lessen the“pseudo-anode”regions,thereby changing the dissolution mode of the matrix and achieving an effective dissolution during discharge.Additionally,p-type semiconductor characteristic of discharge productfilm could suppress the self-corrosion reaction without reducing the polarization of anode.The magnesium-air battery utilizing annealed Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag as anode achieves a synergistic improvement in specific capacity(1388.89 mA h g^(-1))and energy density(1960.42 mW h g^(-1)).This anode modification method accelerates the advancement of high efficiency and long lifespan magnesium-air batteries,offering renewable and cost-effective energy solutions for electronics and emergency equipment.展开更多
A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anod...A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.展开更多
An attempt was made to build up a thick and compact oxide layer rapidly by pre-treating the Pb-Ag-Nd anode in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution. The passivation reaction of Pb-Ag-Nd anode during pre-treatment process...An attempt was made to build up a thick and compact oxide layer rapidly by pre-treating the Pb-Ag-Nd anode in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution. The passivation reaction of Pb-Ag-Nd anode during pre-treatment process was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, linear scanning voltammetry, environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that Pb F2 and PbSO4 are formed near the potential of Pb/PbSO4 couple. The pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution contributes to the formation of a thick, compact and adherent passive film. Furthermore, pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution also facilitates the formation of PbO2 on the anodic layer, and the reason could be attributed to the formation of more PbF2 and PbSO4 during the pre-treatment which tend to transform to PbO2 during the following electrowinning process. In addition, the anodic layer on anode with pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution is thick and compact, and its predominant composition is β-PbO2. In summary, the pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution benefits the formation of a desirable protective layer in a short time.展开更多
Silicon(Si)is a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and abundance,but its practical application is hindered by the continuous growth of porous solid-electrolyte int...Silicon(Si)is a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and abundance,but its practical application is hindered by the continuous growth of porous solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),leading to capacity fade.Herein,a LiF-Pie structured SEI is proposed,with LiF nanodomains encapsulated in the inner layer of the organic cross-linking silane matrix.A series of advanced techniques such as cryogenic electron microscopy,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry,and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry have provided detailed insights into the formation mechanism,nanostructure,and chemical composition of the interface.With such SEI,the capacity retention of LiCoO_(2)||Si is significantly improved from 49.6%to 88.9%after 300 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1).These findings provide a desirable interfacial design principle with enhanced(electro)chemical and mechanical stability,which are crucial for sustaining Si anode functionality,thereby significantly advancing the reliability and practical application of Si-based anodes.展开更多
The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions durin...The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.展开更多
This study exhibits a design of the discharge product film of a bulk AZ63-Ce-La-Ca(AZ63X)anode for Mg-air battery.An ideal discharge product film for Mg anode is that it could inhibit the anodic hydrogen evolution but...This study exhibits a design of the discharge product film of a bulk AZ63-Ce-La-Ca(AZ63X)anode for Mg-air battery.An ideal discharge product film for Mg anode is that it could inhibit the anodic hydrogen evolution but does not hinder the transfer of the electrons at the interface.Fortunately,the addition of Ce,La,and Ca into AZ63 alloy achieves this goal.The Mg-air battery with AZ63X anode in 3.5%Na Cl has an ultrahigh anodic efficiency of 85.7±1.7%and energy-density of 2431±53 mWh g^(-1)with the unique discharge product film,surpassing the values of most reported Mg-air batteries.Furthermore,the alloying elements reduce the anode delamination effect significantly by transforming the block Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase into the connected Mg_(17)Al_(12)structure and fine rod Al_(2)RE and Al_(2)Ca.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries show great potential as energy storage candidates due to their high-safety and low-cost,but confronts hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and dendrite growth at anode side and polyio...Aqueous zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries show great potential as energy storage candidates due to their high-safety and low-cost,but confronts hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and dendrite growth at anode side and polyiodide shuttling at cathode side.Herein,"tennis racket"(TR)hydrogel electrolytes were prepared by the co-polymerization and co-blending of polyacrylamide(PAM),sodium lignosulfonate(SL),and sodium alginate(SA)to synchronously regulate cathode and anode of Zn-I_(2)batteries."Gridline structure"of TR can induce the uniform transportation of Zn^(2+)ions through the coordination effect to hinder HER and dendrite growth at anode side,as well as hit I_(3)^(-)ions as"tennis"via the strong repulsion force to avoid shuttle effect at cathode side.The synergistic effect of TR electrolyte endows Zn-Zn symmetric battery with high cycling stability over 4500 h and Zn-I_(2)cell with the stably cycling life of 15000 cycles at5 A g^(-1),outperforming the reported works.The practicability of TR electrolyte is verified by flexible Zn-I_(2)pouch battery.This work opens a route to synchronously regulate cathode and anode to enhance the electrochemical performance of Zn-I_(2)batteries.展开更多
In order to study the anodic behavior and microstmctures of A1/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning, by means of potentiodynamic investigations, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） ...In order to study the anodic behavior and microstmctures of A1/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning, by means of potentiodynamic investigations, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses, the mechanism of the anodic processes playing on the surface of A1/Pb-0.8%Ag and A1/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anodes prepared by electro-deposition from methyl sulfonic acid bath for zinc electrowinning from model sulphate electrolytes have been measured. On the basis of the cyclic voltammograms obtained, information about the corrosion rate of the composite in PbO2 region has been concluded. The microstructures were also observed by means of SEM and XRD which showed Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co alloy composite coating has uniform and chaotic orientation tetragonal symmetry crystallites of PbSO4, but Pb-0.8%Ag alloy composite coating has well-organized orientation crystallites of PbSO4 concentrated in the certain zones after 24 h of anodic polarization. It is important that Al/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anode oxide film consists of non-conductive dense MnO2 and PbSO4 and a, fl-PbO2 penetrated into which, in fact, are the active centers of the oxygen evolution after 24 h of anodic polarization.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are emerging as a promising energy storage solution owing to their high energy density and specific capacity.However,the non-uniform plating of lithium and the potential rupture of the sol...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are emerging as a promising energy storage solution owing to their high energy density and specific capacity.However,the non-uniform plating of lithium and the potential rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)during extended cycling use may result in dendrite growth,which can penetrate the separator and pose significant short-circuit risks.Forming a stable SEI is essential for the long-term operation of the batteries.Fluorine-rich SEI has garnered significant attention for its ability to effectively passivate electrodes,regulate lithium deposition,and inhibit electrolyte corrosion.Understanding the structural components and preparation methods of existing fluorinated SEI is crucial for optimizing lithium metal anode performance.This paper reviews the research on optimizing LiF passivation interfaces to protect lithium metal anodes.It focuses on four types of compositions in fluorinated SEI that work synergistically to enhance SEI performance.For instance,combining compounds with LiF can further enhance the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of the SEI.Integrating metals with LiF significantly improves electrochemical performance at the SEI/anode interface,with a necessary focus on reducing electron tunneling risks.Additionally,incorporating polymers with LiF offers balanced improvements in interfacial toughness and ionic conductivity,though maintaining structural stability over long cycles remains a critical area for future research.Although alloys combined with LiF increase surface energy and lithium affinity,challenges such as dendrite growth and volume expansion persist.In summary,this paper emphasizes the crucial role of interfacial structures in LMBs and offers comprehensive guidance for future design and development efforts in battery technology.展开更多
Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes...Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a “soft-hard”double-layer coating has been proposed and carried out on ball-milled silicon particles. It is composed of inside conductive pathway and outside elastic coating, which is achieved by decomposing a conductive graphite layer on the silicon surface and further coating it with a polymer layer.The incorporation of the second elastic coating on the inside carbon coating enables silicon particles strongly interacted with binders, thereby making the electrodes displaying an obviously improved cycling stability. As-obtained double-coated silicon anodes deliver a reversible capacity of 2280 m Ah g^(-1)at the voltage of 0.05–2 V, and maintains over 1763 mAh g^(-1)after 50 cycles. The double-layer coating does not crack after the repeated cycling, critical for the robust performance of the electrodes. In addition, as-obtained silicon particles are mixed with commercial graphite to make actual anodes for lithium-ion batteries. A capacity of 714 mAh g^(-1)has been achieved based on the total mass of the electrodes containing 10 wt.% double-coated silicon particles. Compared with traditional carbon coating or polymeric coating, the double-coating electrodes display a much better performance. Therefore, the double-coating strategy can give inspiration for better design and synthesis of silicon anodes, as well as other battery materials.展开更多
Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistr...Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistry.The dominant approach to enhance electrochemical stability of the Gr-Si hybrid anodes typically involves the optimization of the electrode material structures and the employment of low active Si species content in electrode(<10 wt%in most instances).However,the electrode structure design,a factor of equal importance in determining the electrochemical performance of Gr-Si hybrid anodes,has received scant attention.In this study,three Gr-Si hybrid anodes with the identical material composition but distinct electrode structures are designed to investigate the mechanoelectrochemistry of the electrodes.It is revealed that the substantial volume change of Si species particles in Gr-Si hybrid anodes led to the local lattice stress of Gr at their contact interface during the charge/discharge processes,thereby increasing thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of Li-ion migration.Furthermore,the huge disparity in volume change of Si species and Gr particles trigger the separate agglomeration of these two materials,resulting in a considerable electrode volume change and increased electrochemical resistance.An advanced Gr/Si hybrid anode with upper Gr and lower Si species layer structure design addresses the above challenges using photovoltaic waste silicon sources under high Si species content(17 wt%)and areal capacity(2.0 mA h cm^(-2))in Ah-level full pouch cells with a low negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 1.09.The cell shows stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.3 C with an impressively low capacity decay rate of 0.0546%per cycle,outperforming most reported Gr-Si hybrid anodes.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side react...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side reactions during zinc plating or stripping greatly reduce the capacity and cycle life of a battery and subsequently limit its practical application.To address these issues,we modified the surface of a zinc anode with a functional bilayer composed of zincophilic Cu and flexible polymer layers.The zincophilic Cu interfacial layer was prepared through CuSO_(4)solution pretreatment to serve as a nucleation site to facilitate uniform Zn deposition.Meanwhile,the polymer layer was coated onto the Cu interface layer to serve as a protective layer that would prevent side reactions between zinc and electrolytes.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the zincophilic Cu and protective polymer layers,the symmetric battery exhibits an impressive cycle life,lasting over 2900 h at a current density of 1 m A·cm^(-2)with a capacity of 1 m A·h·cm^(-2).Moreover,a full battery paired with a vanadium oxide cathode achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 72%even after 500 cycles.展开更多
Pb?Ag?PbO2 composite anodes with different mass fractions(1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)ofβ-PbO2 were prepared by powder-pressed(PP)method.The galvanostatic polarization curves,Tafel curves and anodic polarization curves were te...Pb?Ag?PbO2 composite anodes with different mass fractions(1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)ofβ-PbO2 were prepared by powder-pressed(PP)method.The galvanostatic polarization curves,Tafel curves and anodic polarization curves were tested in sulfuric acid solution.The morphologies and phase compositions of the anodic layers formed after galvanostatic polarization were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),respectively.The results showed thatβ-PbO2 can improve the electrocatalytic activity of anodic oxide.The anode containing 3%β-PbO2 had the lowest overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the best corrosion resistance.The morphologies of the anode surfaces were gradually transformed from regular crystals to amorphous ones as the content ofβ-PbO2 increased in anodes.展开更多
Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilizati...Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable world.In this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances assessment.Based on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were obtained.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of CTRCs.Results indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”mechanism.This work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hamp...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.展开更多
Manganese-based chalcogenides have significant potential as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant natural reserves, and environmental friendliness. However, th...Manganese-based chalcogenides have significant potential as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant natural reserves, and environmental friendliness. However, their application is hindered by poor cycling stability, resulting from severe volume changes during cycling and slow reaction kinetics due to their complex crystal structure. Here, an efficient and straightforward strategy was employed to in-situ encapsulate single-phase porous nanocubic MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5) into carbon nanofibers using electrospinning and the hard template method, thus forming a necklace-like porous MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)-carbon nanofiber composite(MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF). The introduction of Se significantly impacts both the composition and microstructure of MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5), including lattice distortion that generates additional defects, optimization of chemical bonds, and a nano-spatially confined design. In situ/ex-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations verified that this MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF allevi- ates the volume expansion and facilitates the transfer of Na+/electron. As expected, MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF anode demonstrates excellent sodium storage performance, characterized by high initial Coulombic efficiency(90.8%), high-rate capability(370.5 m Ahg^(-1) at 10 Ag^(-1)) and long durability(over 5000 cycles at 5 Ag^(-1)). The MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF//NVP@C full cell, assembled with MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF as anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_4)_(3)@C as cathode, exhibits a high energy density of 254 Wh kg^(-1) can be provided. This work presents a novel strategy to optimize the design of anode materials through structural engineering and Se substitution, while also elucidating the underlying reaction mechanisms.展开更多
基金Project(50925417) supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young ScientistsProject(50830301) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金 Project(08JJ3020) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2008SK2007) supported Key Program of Science and Technology of Hunan Province,ChinaPorject(2009ZX07212-001-01) supported by Key Project for Water Pollution Control and Management Technology of China
文摘Effect of impurities in recycling water on Pb-Ag anode passivation in zinc electrowinning process was investigated by linear scan voltammetry.Results show that passivation process would be affected in the presence of Cl^-and F-in recycling water.It was highly advantageous to take H2SO4 concentration as 180g/L,Mn^2＋ concentration as 3-5 g/L and F-less than 42mg/L.However,passivation process would not be affected when Cl^-concentration was less than 13mg/L without any other ions,or when mass ratio of Mn^2＋ to Cl^-existing in electrolyte was 8,where Cl^-concentration could reach up to 625mg/L.
基金Project(RDCPJ346365-06)supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaProject(51208193)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11jj6034)supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation
文摘The effect of MnO4- and silver content on electrochemical behaviour of five commercial Pb-Ag alloy anodes was studied in acid zinc sulphate electrolyte with and without MnO4- ions at 38 °C during potential decay periods. When the anodes were immersed into acid zinc sulphate electrolyte without MnO4- ions, the Pb-0.72%Ag anode entered complete passivation state in the shortest time among the five anodes, followed by anodes Pb-0.67%Ag, Pb-0.60%Ag, Pb-0.58%Ag and Pb-0.29%Ag-0.1%Ca by measurement of open circuit potential. During immersion of the anodes, MnO4 ions accelerated the passivation and increased the corrosion current density of the anodes. After immersion in zinc electrolyte with MnO4-, the anode Pb-0.72%Ag had the best corrosion resistance, followed by anodes Pb-0.67%Ag, Pb-0.60%Ag, then the close anodes Pb-0.58%Ag and Pb-0.29%Ag-0.1%Ca by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） analysis.
文摘In this work,the combined addition of strontium/indium(Sr/In)to the magnesium anode for Mg-Air Cells is investigated to improve discharge performance by modifying the anode/electrolyte interface.Indium exists as solid solution atoms in theα-Mg matrix without its second-phase generation,and at the same time facilitates grain refinement,dendritic segregation and Mg17Sr2-phases precipitation.During discharge operation,Sr modifies the film composition via its compounds and promoted the redeposition of In at the substrate/film interface;their co-deposition behavior on the anodic reaction surface enhances anode reaction kinetics,suppresses the negative difference effect(NDE)and mitigates the“chunk effect”(CE),which is contributed to uniform dissolution and low self-corrosion hydrogen evolution rate(HER).Therefore,Mg-Sr-xIn alloy anodes show excellent discharge performance,e.g.,0.5Sr-1.0In shows an average discharge voltage of 1.4234 V and a specific energy density of 1990.71 Wh kg^(-1)at 10 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the decisive factor(CE and self-discharge HE)for anodic efficiency are quantitively analyzed,the self-discharge is the main factor of cell efficiency loss.Surprisingly,all Mg-Sr-xIn anodes show anodic efficiency greater than 60%at high current density(≥10 mA cm^(-2)),making them excellent candidate anodes for Mg-Air cells at high-power output.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB2402200)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22225201,22379028)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (20720220010)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research–Fudan University 21TQ1400100 (21TQ009)Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (23520750400)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with organic electrodes are an emerging research direction due to the sustainability of organic materials based on elements like C,H,O,and sodium ions.Currently,organic electrode materials for SIBs are mainly used as cathodes because of their relatively high redox potentials(>1 V).Organic electrodes with low redox potential that can be used as anode are rare.Herein,a novel organic anode material (tetrasodium 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylate,Na_(4)TDC) has been developed with low redox potential (<0.7 V) and excellent cyclic stability.Its three-sodium storage mechanism was demonstrated with various in-situ/ex-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations,showing a high capacity of 208 mAh/g and an average decay rate of merely 0.022%per cycle.Moreover,the Na_(4)TDC-hard carbon composite can further acquire improved capacity and cycling stability for 1200 cycles even with a high mass loading of up to 20 mg cm^(-2).By pairing with a thick Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)cathode (20.6 mg cm^(-2)),the as-fabricated full cell exhibited high operating voltage (2.8 V),excellent rate performance and cycling stability with a high capacity retention of 88.7% after 200 cycles,well highlighting the Na_(4)TDC anode material for SIBs.
基金the National Natural Science:Foundation of China(52375370)the Open Project of Salt Lake Chemical Engineering Research Complex,Qinghai University(2023-DXSSKF-Z02)+2 种基金the Nat-ural Science Foundation of Shanxi(202103021224049)GDAS Projects of International cooperation platform of Sci-ence and Technology(2022GDASZH-2022010203-003)Guangdong province Science and Technology Plan Projects(2023B1212060045).
文摘The dominated contradiction in optimizing the performance of magnesium-air battery anode lies in the difficulty of achieving a good balance between activation and passivation during discharge process.To further reconcile this contradiction,two Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag anodes with different residual strain distribution through extrusion with/without annealing are fabricated.The results indicate that annealing can significantly lessen the“pseudo-anode”regions,thereby changing the dissolution mode of the matrix and achieving an effective dissolution during discharge.Additionally,p-type semiconductor characteristic of discharge productfilm could suppress the self-corrosion reaction without reducing the polarization of anode.The magnesium-air battery utilizing annealed Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag as anode achieves a synergistic improvement in specific capacity(1388.89 mA h g^(-1))and energy density(1960.42 mW h g^(-1)).This anode modification method accelerates the advancement of high efficiency and long lifespan magnesium-air batteries,offering renewable and cost-effective energy solutions for electronics and emergency equipment.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51901153)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2019032)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi,China(No.202103021224049)the Shanxi Zhejiang University New Materials and Chemical Research Institute Scientific Research Project,China(No.2022SX-TD025)。
文摘A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.
基金Projects(51204208,51374240)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014zzts028)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,China
文摘An attempt was made to build up a thick and compact oxide layer rapidly by pre-treating the Pb-Ag-Nd anode in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution. The passivation reaction of Pb-Ag-Nd anode during pre-treatment process was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, linear scanning voltammetry, environmental scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that Pb F2 and PbSO4 are formed near the potential of Pb/PbSO4 couple. The pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution contributes to the formation of a thick, compact and adherent passive film. Furthermore, pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution also facilitates the formation of PbO2 on the anodic layer, and the reason could be attributed to the formation of more PbF2 and PbSO4 during the pre-treatment which tend to transform to PbO2 during the following electrowinning process. In addition, the anodic layer on anode with pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution is thick and compact, and its predominant composition is β-PbO2. In summary, the pre-treatment in fluoride-containing H2SO4 solution benefits the formation of a desirable protective layer in a short time.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2502200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC nos.52172257 and 22409211)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743739)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20232939)CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team。
文摘Silicon(Si)is a promising anode material for rechargeable batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and abundance,but its practical application is hindered by the continuous growth of porous solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI),leading to capacity fade.Herein,a LiF-Pie structured SEI is proposed,with LiF nanodomains encapsulated in the inner layer of the organic cross-linking silane matrix.A series of advanced techniques such as cryogenic electron microscopy,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry,and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry have provided detailed insights into the formation mechanism,nanostructure,and chemical composition of the interface.With such SEI,the capacity retention of LiCoO_(2)||Si is significantly improved from 49.6%to 88.9%after 300 cycles at 100 mA g^(-1).These findings provide a desirable interfacial design principle with enhanced(electro)chemical and mechanical stability,which are crucial for sustaining Si anode functionality,thereby significantly advancing the reliability and practical application of Si-based anodes.
基金supported by the Key Science and Technol-ogy Program of Henan Province(No.232102241020)the Ph.D.Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613480015)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Startup Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.400613554001)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420021).
文摘The poor reversibility and stability of Zn anodes greatly restrict the practical application of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs),resulting from the uncontrollable dendrite growth and H_(2)O-induced side reactions during cycling.Electrolyte additive modification is considered one of the most effective and simplest methods for solving the aforementioned problems.Herein,the pyridine derivatives(PD)including 2,4-dihydroxypyridine(2,4-DHP),2,3-dihydroxypyridine(2,3-DHP),and 2-hydroxypyrdine(2-DHP),were em-ployed as novel electrolyte additives in ZnSO_(4)electrolyte.Both density functional theory calculation and experimental findings demonstrated that the incorporation of PD additives into the electrolyte effectively modulates the solvation structure of hydrated Zn ions,thereby suppressing side reactions in AZIBs.Ad-ditionally,the adsorption of PD molecules on the zinc anode surface contributed to uniform Zn deposi-tion and dendrite growth inhibition.Consequently,a 2,4-DHP-modified Zn/Zn symmetrical cell achieved an extremely long cyclic stability up to 5650 h at 1 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn/NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)full cell with 2,4-DHP-containing electrolyte exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 204 mAh g^(-1),with a no-table capacity retention of 79%after 1000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Hence,this study expands the selection of electrolyte additives for AZIBs,and the working mechanism of PD additives provides new insights for electrolyte modification enabling highly reversible zinc anode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471095)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC2811404)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227015)。
文摘This study exhibits a design of the discharge product film of a bulk AZ63-Ce-La-Ca(AZ63X)anode for Mg-air battery.An ideal discharge product film for Mg anode is that it could inhibit the anodic hydrogen evolution but does not hinder the transfer of the electrons at the interface.Fortunately,the addition of Ce,La,and Ca into AZ63 alloy achieves this goal.The Mg-air battery with AZ63X anode in 3.5%Na Cl has an ultrahigh anodic efficiency of 85.7±1.7%and energy-density of 2431±53 mWh g^(-1)with the unique discharge product film,surpassing the values of most reported Mg-air batteries.Furthermore,the alloying elements reduce the anode delamination effect significantly by transforming the block Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase into the connected Mg_(17)Al_(12)structure and fine rod Al_(2)RE and Al_(2)Ca.
基金financially supported by the Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(E411060316)the NSFC-CONICFT Joint Project(51961125207)+1 种基金the Special Fund(2024)of Basic Scientific Research Project at Undergraduate University in Liaoning Province(LJ212410152056)the Foundation(GZKF202301)of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking,Qilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences。
文摘Aqueous zinc-iodine(Zn-I_(2))batteries show great potential as energy storage candidates due to their high-safety and low-cost,but confronts hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and dendrite growth at anode side and polyiodide shuttling at cathode side.Herein,"tennis racket"(TR)hydrogel electrolytes were prepared by the co-polymerization and co-blending of polyacrylamide(PAM),sodium lignosulfonate(SL),and sodium alginate(SA)to synchronously regulate cathode and anode of Zn-I_(2)batteries."Gridline structure"of TR can induce the uniform transportation of Zn^(2+)ions through the coordination effect to hinder HER and dendrite growth at anode side,as well as hit I_(3)^(-)ions as"tennis"via the strong repulsion force to avoid shuttle effect at cathode side.The synergistic effect of TR electrolyte endows Zn-Zn symmetric battery with high cycling stability over 4500 h and Zn-I_(2)cell with the stably cycling life of 15000 cycles at5 A g^(-1),outperforming the reported works.The practicability of TR electrolyte is verified by flexible Zn-I_(2)pouch battery.This work opens a route to synchronously regulate cathode and anode to enhance the electrochemical performance of Zn-I_(2)batteries.
基金Project(51004056)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to study the anodic behavior and microstmctures of A1/Pb-Ag-Co anode during zinc electrowinning, by means of potentiodynamic investigations, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analyses, the mechanism of the anodic processes playing on the surface of A1/Pb-0.8%Ag and A1/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anodes prepared by electro-deposition from methyl sulfonic acid bath for zinc electrowinning from model sulphate electrolytes have been measured. On the basis of the cyclic voltammograms obtained, information about the corrosion rate of the composite in PbO2 region has been concluded. The microstructures were also observed by means of SEM and XRD which showed Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co alloy composite coating has uniform and chaotic orientation tetragonal symmetry crystallites of PbSO4, but Pb-0.8%Ag alloy composite coating has well-organized orientation crystallites of PbSO4 concentrated in the certain zones after 24 h of anodic polarization. It is important that Al/Pb-0.75%Ag-0.03%Co anode oxide film consists of non-conductive dense MnO2 and PbSO4 and a, fl-PbO2 penetrated into which, in fact, are the active centers of the oxygen evolution after 24 h of anodic polarization.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U2333210)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(No.21SYSX0011)。
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are emerging as a promising energy storage solution owing to their high energy density and specific capacity.However,the non-uniform plating of lithium and the potential rupture of the solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)during extended cycling use may result in dendrite growth,which can penetrate the separator and pose significant short-circuit risks.Forming a stable SEI is essential for the long-term operation of the batteries.Fluorine-rich SEI has garnered significant attention for its ability to effectively passivate electrodes,regulate lithium deposition,and inhibit electrolyte corrosion.Understanding the structural components and preparation methods of existing fluorinated SEI is crucial for optimizing lithium metal anode performance.This paper reviews the research on optimizing LiF passivation interfaces to protect lithium metal anodes.It focuses on four types of compositions in fluorinated SEI that work synergistically to enhance SEI performance.For instance,combining compounds with LiF can further enhance the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity of the SEI.Integrating metals with LiF significantly improves electrochemical performance at the SEI/anode interface,with a necessary focus on reducing electron tunneling risks.Additionally,incorporating polymers with LiF offers balanced improvements in interfacial toughness and ionic conductivity,though maintaining structural stability over long cycles remains a critical area for future research.Although alloys combined with LiF increase surface energy and lithium affinity,challenges such as dendrite growth and volume expansion persist.In summary,this paper emphasizes the crucial role of interfacial structures in LMBs and offers comprehensive guidance for future design and development efforts in battery technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22008256)。
文摘Silicon is believed to be a critical anode material for approaching the roadmap of lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity. But this aim has been hindered by the quick capacity fading of its electrodes during repeated charge–discharge cycles. In this work, a “soft-hard”double-layer coating has been proposed and carried out on ball-milled silicon particles. It is composed of inside conductive pathway and outside elastic coating, which is achieved by decomposing a conductive graphite layer on the silicon surface and further coating it with a polymer layer.The incorporation of the second elastic coating on the inside carbon coating enables silicon particles strongly interacted with binders, thereby making the electrodes displaying an obviously improved cycling stability. As-obtained double-coated silicon anodes deliver a reversible capacity of 2280 m Ah g^(-1)at the voltage of 0.05–2 V, and maintains over 1763 mAh g^(-1)after 50 cycles. The double-layer coating does not crack after the repeated cycling, critical for the robust performance of the electrodes. In addition, as-obtained silicon particles are mixed with commercial graphite to make actual anodes for lithium-ion batteries. A capacity of 714 mAh g^(-1)has been achieved based on the total mass of the electrodes containing 10 wt.% double-coated silicon particles. Compared with traditional carbon coating or polymeric coating, the double-coating electrodes display a much better performance. Therefore, the double-coating strategy can give inspiration for better design and synthesis of silicon anodes, as well as other battery materials.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072137)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205068)the"CUG Scholar"Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(2022118)。
文摘Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistry.The dominant approach to enhance electrochemical stability of the Gr-Si hybrid anodes typically involves the optimization of the electrode material structures and the employment of low active Si species content in electrode(<10 wt%in most instances).However,the electrode structure design,a factor of equal importance in determining the electrochemical performance of Gr-Si hybrid anodes,has received scant attention.In this study,three Gr-Si hybrid anodes with the identical material composition but distinct electrode structures are designed to investigate the mechanoelectrochemistry of the electrodes.It is revealed that the substantial volume change of Si species particles in Gr-Si hybrid anodes led to the local lattice stress of Gr at their contact interface during the charge/discharge processes,thereby increasing thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of Li-ion migration.Furthermore,the huge disparity in volume change of Si species and Gr particles trigger the separate agglomeration of these two materials,resulting in a considerable electrode volume change and increased electrochemical resistance.An advanced Gr/Si hybrid anode with upper Gr and lower Si species layer structure design addresses the above challenges using photovoltaic waste silicon sources under high Si species content(17 wt%)and areal capacity(2.0 mA h cm^(-2))in Ah-level full pouch cells with a low negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 1.09.The cell shows stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.3 C with an impressively low capacity decay rate of 0.0546%per cycle,outperforming most reported Gr-Si hybrid anodes.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Development Project of Henan Province,China(No.242102241042)the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810093)+1 种基金the Startup Research of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.231817001)the Key Innovation Projects for Postgraduates of Henan Academy of Sciences(No.24331712)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are regarded as promising electrochemical energy-storage systems for various applications because of their high safety,low costs,and high capacities.However,dendrite formation and side reactions during zinc plating or stripping greatly reduce the capacity and cycle life of a battery and subsequently limit its practical application.To address these issues,we modified the surface of a zinc anode with a functional bilayer composed of zincophilic Cu and flexible polymer layers.The zincophilic Cu interfacial layer was prepared through CuSO_(4)solution pretreatment to serve as a nucleation site to facilitate uniform Zn deposition.Meanwhile,the polymer layer was coated onto the Cu interface layer to serve as a protective layer that would prevent side reactions between zinc and electrolytes.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of the zincophilic Cu and protective polymer layers,the symmetric battery exhibits an impressive cycle life,lasting over 2900 h at a current density of 1 m A·cm^(-2)with a capacity of 1 m A·h·cm^(-2).Moreover,a full battery paired with a vanadium oxide cathode achieves a remarkable capacity retention of 72%even after 500 cycles.
基金Project(2017YFB0305401)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(51874369,51474245,51871249)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+1 种基金Project(2018JJ3659)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2018RS3007)supported by Huxiang Young Talents Plan,China
文摘Pb?Ag?PbO2 composite anodes with different mass fractions(1%,2%,3%,4%and 5%)ofβ-PbO2 were prepared by powder-pressed(PP)method.The galvanostatic polarization curves,Tafel curves and anodic polarization curves were tested in sulfuric acid solution.The morphologies and phase compositions of the anodic layers formed after galvanostatic polarization were investigated by using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD),respectively.The results showed thatβ-PbO2 can improve the electrocatalytic activity of anodic oxide.The anode containing 3%β-PbO2 had the lowest overpotential of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the best corrosion resistance.The morphologies of the anode surfaces were gradually transformed from regular crystals to amorphous ones as the content ofβ-PbO2 increased in anodes.
基金financially supported by the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-049)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(No.20210302123167)。
文摘Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system applications.Coal tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable world.In this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances assessment.Based on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were obtained.Furthermore,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of CTRCs.Results indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”mechanism.This work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.
基金supported by the Battery Energy Storage Testing Center of Chongqing through their provision of testing support and technical assistance。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)are gaining attention owing to their affordability,high safety,and high energy density,making them a promising solution for large-scale energy storage.However,their performance is hampered by the instability of both the anode-electrolyte interface and the cathode-electrolyte interface.The use of sodium gluconate(SG),an organic sodium salt with multiple hydroxyl groups,as an electrolyte additive is suggested.Experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that Na^(+)from SG can intercalate and deintercalate within the associated V_(2)O_(5) cathode during in situ electrochemical processes.This action supports the layered structure of V_(2)O_(5),prevents structural collapse and phase transitions,and enhances Zn^(2+)diffusion kinetics.Additionally,the gluconate anion disrupts the original Zn^(2+)solvation structure,mitigates water-induced side reactions,and suppresses Zn dendrite growth.The synchronous regulation of both the V_(2)O_(5) cathode and Zn anode by the SG additive leads to considerable performance improvements.Zn‖Zn symmetric batteries demonstrate a cycle life exceeding 2800 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2).In Zn‖V_(2)O_(5) full batteries,a high specific capacity of 288.92 mAh g^(-1)and capacity retention of 82.29%are maintained over 1000 cycles at a current density of 2 A g^(-1).This multifunctional additive strategy offers a new pathway for the practical application of AZIBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22225902, U22A20436, 22209185)National Key Research&Development Program of China (2022YFE0115900, 2023YFA1507101, 2021YFA1501500)+1 种基金the Self-deployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. CXZX-2022-GH04, CXZX-2023-JQ08)Science and Technology Program of Fuzhou (2023-P-009)。
文摘Manganese-based chalcogenides have significant potential as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) due to their high theoretical specific capacity, abundant natural reserves, and environmental friendliness. However, their application is hindered by poor cycling stability, resulting from severe volume changes during cycling and slow reaction kinetics due to their complex crystal structure. Here, an efficient and straightforward strategy was employed to in-situ encapsulate single-phase porous nanocubic MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5) into carbon nanofibers using electrospinning and the hard template method, thus forming a necklace-like porous MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)-carbon nanofiber composite(MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF). The introduction of Se significantly impacts both the composition and microstructure of MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5), including lattice distortion that generates additional defects, optimization of chemical bonds, and a nano-spatially confined design. In situ/ex-situ characterization and density functional theory calculations verified that this MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF allevi- ates the volume expansion and facilitates the transfer of Na+/electron. As expected, MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF anode demonstrates excellent sodium storage performance, characterized by high initial Coulombic efficiency(90.8%), high-rate capability(370.5 m Ahg^(-1) at 10 Ag^(-1)) and long durability(over 5000 cycles at 5 Ag^(-1)). The MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF//NVP@C full cell, assembled with MnS_(0.5)Se_(0.5)@N-CNF as anode and Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_4)_(3)@C as cathode, exhibits a high energy density of 254 Wh kg^(-1) can be provided. This work presents a novel strategy to optimize the design of anode materials through structural engineering and Se substitution, while also elucidating the underlying reaction mechanisms.
