To solve the problem that it is difficult to identify carbonate low resistivity pays(LRPs) by conventional logging methods in the Rub Al Khali Basin, the Middle East, the variation of fluid distribution and rock condu...To solve the problem that it is difficult to identify carbonate low resistivity pays(LRPs) by conventional logging methods in the Rub Al Khali Basin, the Middle East, the variation of fluid distribution and rock conductivity during displacement were analyzed by displacement resistivity experiments simulating the process of reservoir formation and production, together with the data from thin sections, mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. In combination with geological understandings, the genetic mechanisms of LRPs were revealed, then the saturation interpretation model was selected, the variation laws and distribution range of the model parameters were defined, and finally an updated comprehensive saturation interpretation technique for the LRPs has been proposed. In the study area, the LRPs have resistivity values of less than 1 Ω·m, similar to or even slightly lower than that of the water layers. Geological research reveals that the LRPs were developed in low-energy depositional environment and their reservoir spaces are controlled by micro-scale pore throats, with an average radius of less than 0.7 μm, so they are typical microporous LRPs. Different from LRPs of sandstone and mudstone, they have less tortuous conductive paths than conventional reservoirs, and thus lower resistivity value under the same saturation. Archie’s formula is applicable to the saturation interpretation of LRPs with a cementation index value of 1.77-1.93 and a saturation index value of 1.82-2.03 that are 0.2-0.4 lower than conventional reservoirs respectively. By using interpretation parameters determined by classification statistics of petrophysical groups(PGs), oil saturations of the LRPs were calculated at bout 30%-50%,15% higher than the results by conventional methods, and basically consistent with the data of Dean Stark, RST, oil testing and production. The 15 wells of oil testing and production proved that the coincidence rate of saturation interpretation is over 90%and the feasibility of this method has been further verified.展开更多
原稿: "Honesty is the best policy", as an oldsaying goes. As a valuable virtue, it is supposedto be cherished by people from all walks of like.However there are still dishonest people inour society. For exam...原稿: "Honesty is the best policy", as an oldsaying goes. As a valuable virtue, it is supposedto be cherished by people from all walks of like.However there are still dishonest people inour society. For example, some展开更多
Agricultural wastes poll,tion became serious after great improvement in technology and the encouragement of production for the government since the end of the World Wai Ⅱ. Economists and environmental scholars sugges...Agricultural wastes poll,tion became serious after great improvement in technology and the encouragement of production for the government since the end of the World Wai Ⅱ. Economists and environmental scholars suggested that ＂polluter pays＂ policy be employed in agricultural pollution control. However, it was hard to implement ＂polluter pays ＂ policy alone in agricultural wastes pollution.In practice, there were two social faCtors which contrih,ted to the improvement of water quality in the southwest of United Kingdom. One method is to communicate with farmers and then give farmers some advice or exhortation on facilities and management. The other method is to set up a telephone hotline for public to report water quality and probable pollution. Therefore, the consideration and combination of social factors in the control of agricultural wastes pollution are necessary, and important. Edueation of basic natural sciences relevant to agricultural pollution, system management of agricultural pollutants and laws relevant to agricultural pollution is suggested to be the third .social factor that British government can consider.展开更多
Carbonate reservoir characterization and estimation of fluid saturation seem more challenging in the low resistivity pay zone (LRPZ). The Lower Cretaceous Buwaib Formation is important reservoir in the Persian Gulf. T...Carbonate reservoir characterization and estimation of fluid saturation seem more challenging in the low resistivity pay zone (LRPZ). The Lower Cretaceous Buwaib Formation is important reservoir in the Persian Gulf. The formation in the Salman Field is divided into three reservoir zones and four barriers and tight zones. These reservoir zones show low resistivity characteristics, high fluid saturation, but good oil production. In some intervals resistivity responses reach less than 1 ohm•m. Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools have been combined with thin section X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PNN (Pulse Neutron Neutron). Geological studies define presence of 8 facies from wackeston to packstone. In general, reservoir potential of the Buwaib Formation is under influenced by the development of lithocodium mound facies that along with moderate to high porosity intervals. Micritization and pyritization of digenetic process along with clay-coated grains, carbonate with interstitial dispersed clay have conspicuous impact on LRPZ. Based on XRD analysis, Montmorillonite and Kaolinite of main clays types have high CEC and greater impact on lowering resistivity. To describe pore systems of rocks, the Lønøy method applied to address pore throat sizes which contain mudstone micro porosity related to lithocodium mound facies and uniform interparticle at class 3 Lucia as pore size varies from 0.2 to 10 micron. Some constraints were defined to estimate reliable water saturation that checked by sigma logs. Water saturation is 42%, 34% and 40% respectively in BL1, BL2 and BL3 zones.展开更多
Au bord de la Seine paisible,Je regrette les flots agités du Yangtsé;A Fontainebleau,je revois flamboyerLes érables de la Colline parfumée ;Le soir,quand je me balade aux
With'fake divorces'proving a popular loophole for gaming the housing market,we ask experts if these arrangements guarantee an even split中国式'假离婚'背后的复杂真相Even by Chinese standards,it was an e...With'fake divorces'proving a popular loophole for gaming the housing market,we ask experts if these arrangements guarantee an even split中国式'假离婚'背后的复杂真相Even by Chinese standards,it was an eye-opening figure.This March,in the small village of Jiangbei,Jiangsu province,some 160 couples filed for divorce at the same time.展开更多
Alec Su’s latest film,The Devotion of Suspect X,knocked Hollywood behemoth Kong:Skull Island off the top slot in China’s box-office charts on its first day.During the recent Tomb Sweeping Festival holiday break,a pr...Alec Su’s latest film,The Devotion of Suspect X,knocked Hollywood behemoth Kong:Skull Island off the top slot in China’s box-office charts on its first day.During the recent Tomb Sweeping Festival holiday break,a profitable time for China’s movie market,Alec Su worked nonstop.The actor,singer and now director traveled more than 21,700kilometers from March 22 to April 3,展开更多
The mountain roads in Xiadang Township,Ningde,Fujian Province have a moving past.More than 30 years ago,Xi Jinping,who was then secretary of the Ningde Prefectural CPC Committee,arrived in Xiadang after a long and bum...The mountain roads in Xiadang Township,Ningde,Fujian Province have a moving past.More than 30 years ago,Xi Jinping,who was then secretary of the Ningde Prefectural CPC Committee,arrived in Xiadang after a long and bumpy drive along these rugged roads and an additional two hour hike in the heat of summer.Once there,he chaired a meeting on poverty alleviation work,and then spent another three hours making it out of this remote mountainous area.Recalling his trip to Xiadang,Xi Jinping described it as“unusually difficult and unusually memorable.”展开更多
The Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)issued the Notice on Carrying out Identification of Safety Risks of New Energy Vehicles.According to the Notice,man...The Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)issued the Notice on Carrying out Identification of Safety Risks of New Energy Vehicles.According to the Notice,manufacturers of new energy vehicles and power battery suppliers are required to complete the identification of potential safety hazards of new energy vehicles produced by the end of October this year,focusing on the waterproof protection,high-voltage wiring harness,vehicle collision,on-board power battery,on-board charging device,battery box,mechanical parts and wearing parts,and take effective technical measures to reduce the risk of vehicle fire according to the actual conditions of vehicles.展开更多
一、单词拼写1.Light travels much faster than___(声音).2.It's______(容易的)for us to pay online with Alipay now,3.The teacher often____(测试)his students in math.4.At that time,things could be_____(困难的)for the w...一、单词拼写1.Light travels much faster than___(声音).2.It's______(容易的)for us to pay online with Alipay now,3.The teacher often____(测试)his students in math.4.At that time,things could be_____(困难的)for the workers.5.It's said that she's__(储备)nearly one ton of potatoes at home.6.In his spare time,Dr.Yuan loves playing the piano and listening to__(音乐),especially Mozart's.展开更多
马上要过年了,你知道“拜年”用英语怎么说吗?在英语中,to pay a New Year’s visit或to give New Year’s greetings的表达可用于描述在新年期间拜访他人并给予祝福的行为。在不同的文化和地区,可能会有特定的习俗和表达方式。在美国,...马上要过年了,你知道“拜年”用英语怎么说吗?在英语中,to pay a New Year’s visit或to give New Year’s greetings的表达可用于描述在新年期间拜访他人并给予祝福的行为。在不同的文化和地区,可能会有特定的习俗和表达方式。在美国,人们可能会用“Happy New Year.”来表达新年的祝福。在其他使用英语的国家,也可能有类似的表达。展开更多
Objective:To predict parents'willingness to pay for dengue fever vaccination through the perception of dengue vaccine based on the Health Belief Model(HBM).Methods:A multicenter crosssectional study was conducted ...Objective:To predict parents'willingness to pay for dengue fever vaccination through the perception of dengue vaccine based on the Health Belief Model(HBM).Methods:A multicenter crosssectional study was conducted on parents who had children aged≤5 years and were participating in integrated health service post activities in 3 districts/cities with the highest incidence of dengue fever in Southeast Sulawesi.The instruments used to collect data in this study consisted of a participant characteristics questionnaire,a dengue vaccine perception questionnaire based on the HBM,and a willingness to pay for dengue vaccine questionnaire.Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between the perceived HBM subscales and willingness to pay for dengue vaccination.Results:A total of 310 people participated in this study with an average age of(29.9±5.6)years.Most of them were females(284/310,91.7%),80.9%(251/310)had a high education status and 87.4%(271/310)had direct experience with DF.The results showed good perceptions including Perceived Susceptibility(adjusted OR 3.7,95%CI 2.7-6.3,P<0.001),Perceived Severity(adjusted OR 2.8,95%CI 1.7-5.5,P<0.001),Perceived Benefits(adjusted OR 2.8,95%CI 1.7-4.5,P<0.001),and Cues to Action(adjusted OR 3.1,95%CI 1.9-5.1,P<0.001)were positively correlated with willingness to pay for the dengue vaccine comparing with poor perceptions,whereas Perceived Barriers showed no significant effect on willingness to pay for the dengue vaccine.Conclusions:These results suggest that a person's willingness to pay for dengue vaccine increases with their understanding of the risks and advantages of immunization as well as encouraging outside incentives.As a result,these elements are crucial in raising community involvement in the immunization campaign.展开更多
This study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine how the social support received by teachers is associated with their work pay fairness perception in relation to their job satisfaction and job performance...This study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine how the social support received by teachers is associated with their work pay fairness perception in relation to their job satisfaction and job performance.Data were collected from 2411 preschool teachers in China(female=98.01%;mean age=29.12 years,SD=6.28 years).These data were analyzed using structural equation modelling,bootstrapping and latent moderate structural equations.The results indicated that teachers’perception of pay fairness is directly associated with self-rated job performance.Additionally,pay fairness perceptions have an indirect effect on higher job performance through job satisfaction.The social support that teachers perceive moderates the relationship between pay fairness perception and job satisfaction:the more social support teachers receive,the weaker the impact of pay fairness perception on job satisfaction.Thesefindings suggest that teachers’perception of pay fairness is related to their sense of quality of work life,as indicated by their job satisfaction and performance.展开更多
Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresp...Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresponsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue.To delve into passengers’choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demandresponsive service in high-speed railways,the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers.Based on the survey data obtained in China,the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects:personal socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics,and travel mode choice.Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate,the risk attributes are considered.To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains,personalized service product attributes are added.Mixed Logit mode,which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers,is developed,and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters.The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined.The results indicate that early arrival deviation time,late arrival deviation time,demand response time,and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’decision regarding demand-responsive train,with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice.Moreover,the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario,while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario.Through the Willingness To Pay(WTP)analysis,it is discovered that by shortening demand response time,enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase,and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains,the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented.This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.展开更多
Objective:To estimate the willingness to pay(WTP)of Ho Chi Minh City residents for the hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)vaccine and its associated factors using the contingent valuation method.Methods:This cross-secti...Objective:To estimate the willingness to pay(WTP)of Ho Chi Minh City residents for the hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)vaccine and its associated factors using the contingent valuation method.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024,involved face-to-face interviews with 423 participants in Ho Chi Minh City.The participants were divided into two groups:parents of children under six and individuals without young children.WTP for the HFMD vaccine was assessed using the Krinsky and Robb procedure and the double-bound dichotomous choice technique.A probit regression model was used to analyze factors influencing WTP.Results:The participants had a mean age of(34.0±10.3)years,and the majority of them were female,resided in urban areas,and held a university degree.54.6%had children under six years of age,and 63.8%had never heard of the EV71 vaccine.The mean WTP for two doses of the HFMD vaccine was VND 1240000(USD 51.66).Parents of children under six years old had a mean WTP of USD 49.16,while individuals without young children had a mean WTP of USD 56.25.Significant factors that were positively associated with WTP included vaccine price,younger age,higher income,and greater knowledge about vaccines.Conclusions:The study indicates a relatively high willingness to pay for HFMD vaccination in Ho Chi Minh City,suggesting strong potential for vaccine implementation.It is recommended that the government disseminate vaccine-related information to enhance public awareness and understanding.展开更多
To the Editor:Salam et al.found that more than half(54.2%)of Indonesian parents surveyed were willing to pay for a dengue vaccination[1].Using the Health Belief Model,the study identified four constructs that signific...To the Editor:Salam et al.found that more than half(54.2%)of Indonesian parents surveyed were willing to pay for a dengue vaccination[1].Using the Health Belief Model,the study identified four constructs that significantly influenced willingness to pay,including Perceived Susceptibility,Perceived Severity,Perceived Benefits,and Cues to Action[1].Interestingly,Perceived Barriers,including cost and potential side effects,did not show a significant effect[1].展开更多
Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the ...Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the viability of the payments for ecosystem services(PES)programs in promoting sustainable mangrove tourism in Tongke-Tongke Village,Sinjai District,South SulawesiProvince,Indonesia.We collected data through household surveys,semi-structured stakeholder interviews,and tourist questionnaires to evaluate the economic value of mangrove tourism and tourists’willingness to pay(WTP)for conservation.Analytical methods included quantitative descriptive analysis,thematic analysis,travel cost analysis,and contingent valuationmethod.The results indicatedstrong community support,with 70.00% of respondents acknowledging sustainable mangrove tourism’s economic,environmental,and cultural benefits.Economic estimates revealedthat mangrove tourism generated 943.00 USD/(hm^(2)·a),while tourists’WTP for conservation rangedfrom 0.21 to 0.56 USD/(person×month),contributing approximately 11.39 USD/(hm^(2)·a).Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,socioeconomic disparities,and land privatization,this study advocates for integrating the PES programs,enhancing governance frameworks,and fostering local community engagement to ensure equitable benefit distribution and maximize the potential of mangrove tourism.These strategies aim to bolster conservation efforts,improve local livelihoods,and strengthen the resilience of mangroveecosystems.展开更多
基金Supported by the CNPC Scientific Research and Technology Development Project (2019D-4410)。
文摘To solve the problem that it is difficult to identify carbonate low resistivity pays(LRPs) by conventional logging methods in the Rub Al Khali Basin, the Middle East, the variation of fluid distribution and rock conductivity during displacement were analyzed by displacement resistivity experiments simulating the process of reservoir formation and production, together with the data from thin sections, mercury injection and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. In combination with geological understandings, the genetic mechanisms of LRPs were revealed, then the saturation interpretation model was selected, the variation laws and distribution range of the model parameters were defined, and finally an updated comprehensive saturation interpretation technique for the LRPs has been proposed. In the study area, the LRPs have resistivity values of less than 1 Ω·m, similar to or even slightly lower than that of the water layers. Geological research reveals that the LRPs were developed in low-energy depositional environment and their reservoir spaces are controlled by micro-scale pore throats, with an average radius of less than 0.7 μm, so they are typical microporous LRPs. Different from LRPs of sandstone and mudstone, they have less tortuous conductive paths than conventional reservoirs, and thus lower resistivity value under the same saturation. Archie’s formula is applicable to the saturation interpretation of LRPs with a cementation index value of 1.77-1.93 and a saturation index value of 1.82-2.03 that are 0.2-0.4 lower than conventional reservoirs respectively. By using interpretation parameters determined by classification statistics of petrophysical groups(PGs), oil saturations of the LRPs were calculated at bout 30%-50%,15% higher than the results by conventional methods, and basically consistent with the data of Dean Stark, RST, oil testing and production. The 15 wells of oil testing and production proved that the coincidence rate of saturation interpretation is over 90%and the feasibility of this method has been further verified.
文摘原稿: "Honesty is the best policy", as an oldsaying goes. As a valuable virtue, it is supposedto be cherished by people from all walks of like.However there are still dishonest people inour society. For example, some
文摘Agricultural wastes poll,tion became serious after great improvement in technology and the encouragement of production for the government since the end of the World Wai Ⅱ. Economists and environmental scholars suggested that ＂polluter pays＂ policy be employed in agricultural pollution control. However, it was hard to implement ＂polluter pays ＂ policy alone in agricultural wastes pollution.In practice, there were two social faCtors which contrih,ted to the improvement of water quality in the southwest of United Kingdom. One method is to communicate with farmers and then give farmers some advice or exhortation on facilities and management. The other method is to set up a telephone hotline for public to report water quality and probable pollution. Therefore, the consideration and combination of social factors in the control of agricultural wastes pollution are necessary, and important. Edueation of basic natural sciences relevant to agricultural pollution, system management of agricultural pollutants and laws relevant to agricultural pollution is suggested to be the third .social factor that British government can consider.
文摘Carbonate reservoir characterization and estimation of fluid saturation seem more challenging in the low resistivity pay zone (LRPZ). The Lower Cretaceous Buwaib Formation is important reservoir in the Persian Gulf. The formation in the Salman Field is divided into three reservoir zones and four barriers and tight zones. These reservoir zones show low resistivity characteristics, high fluid saturation, but good oil production. In some intervals resistivity responses reach less than 1 ohm•m. Petrophysical properties measured from laboratory and logging tools have been combined with thin section X-ray diffraction (XRD) and PNN (Pulse Neutron Neutron). Geological studies define presence of 8 facies from wackeston to packstone. In general, reservoir potential of the Buwaib Formation is under influenced by the development of lithocodium mound facies that along with moderate to high porosity intervals. Micritization and pyritization of digenetic process along with clay-coated grains, carbonate with interstitial dispersed clay have conspicuous impact on LRPZ. Based on XRD analysis, Montmorillonite and Kaolinite of main clays types have high CEC and greater impact on lowering resistivity. To describe pore systems of rocks, the Lønøy method applied to address pore throat sizes which contain mudstone micro porosity related to lithocodium mound facies and uniform interparticle at class 3 Lucia as pore size varies from 0.2 to 10 micron. Some constraints were defined to estimate reliable water saturation that checked by sigma logs. Water saturation is 42%, 34% and 40% respectively in BL1, BL2 and BL3 zones.
文摘Au bord de la Seine paisible,Je regrette les flots agités du Yangtsé;A Fontainebleau,je revois flamboyerLes érables de la Colline parfumée ;Le soir,quand je me balade aux
文摘With'fake divorces'proving a popular loophole for gaming the housing market,we ask experts if these arrangements guarantee an even split中国式'假离婚'背后的复杂真相Even by Chinese standards,it was an eye-opening figure.This March,in the small village of Jiangbei,Jiangsu province,some 160 couples filed for divorce at the same time.
文摘Alec Su’s latest film,The Devotion of Suspect X,knocked Hollywood behemoth Kong:Skull Island off the top slot in China’s box-office charts on its first day.During the recent Tomb Sweeping Festival holiday break,a profitable time for China’s movie market,Alec Su worked nonstop.The actor,singer and now director traveled more than 21,700kilometers from March 22 to April 3,
文摘The mountain roads in Xiadang Township,Ningde,Fujian Province have a moving past.More than 30 years ago,Xi Jinping,who was then secretary of the Ningde Prefectural CPC Committee,arrived in Xiadang after a long and bumpy drive along these rugged roads and an additional two hour hike in the heat of summer.Once there,he chaired a meeting on poverty alleviation work,and then spent another three hours making it out of this remote mountainous area.Recalling his trip to Xiadang,Xi Jinping described it as“unusually difficult and unusually memorable.”
文摘The Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(MIIT)issued the Notice on Carrying out Identification of Safety Risks of New Energy Vehicles.According to the Notice,manufacturers of new energy vehicles and power battery suppliers are required to complete the identification of potential safety hazards of new energy vehicles produced by the end of October this year,focusing on the waterproof protection,high-voltage wiring harness,vehicle collision,on-board power battery,on-board charging device,battery box,mechanical parts and wearing parts,and take effective technical measures to reduce the risk of vehicle fire according to the actual conditions of vehicles.
文摘一、单词拼写1.Light travels much faster than___(声音).2.It's______(容易的)for us to pay online with Alipay now,3.The teacher often____(测试)his students in math.4.At that time,things could be_____(困难的)for the workers.5.It's said that she's__(储备)nearly one ton of potatoes at home.6.In his spare time,Dr.Yuan loves playing the piano and listening to__(音乐),especially Mozart's.
文摘马上要过年了,你知道“拜年”用英语怎么说吗?在英语中,to pay a New Year’s visit或to give New Year’s greetings的表达可用于描述在新年期间拜访他人并给予祝福的行为。在不同的文化和地区,可能会有特定的习俗和表达方式。在美国,人们可能会用“Happy New Year.”来表达新年的祝福。在其他使用英语的国家,也可能有类似的表达。
基金supported by Ministry of Higher Education,Science,and Technology Republic of Indonesia(Grant No.0667/E5/AL.04/2024).
文摘Objective:To predict parents'willingness to pay for dengue fever vaccination through the perception of dengue vaccine based on the Health Belief Model(HBM).Methods:A multicenter crosssectional study was conducted on parents who had children aged≤5 years and were participating in integrated health service post activities in 3 districts/cities with the highest incidence of dengue fever in Southeast Sulawesi.The instruments used to collect data in this study consisted of a participant characteristics questionnaire,a dengue vaccine perception questionnaire based on the HBM,and a willingness to pay for dengue vaccine questionnaire.Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the correlation between the perceived HBM subscales and willingness to pay for dengue vaccination.Results:A total of 310 people participated in this study with an average age of(29.9±5.6)years.Most of them were females(284/310,91.7%),80.9%(251/310)had a high education status and 87.4%(271/310)had direct experience with DF.The results showed good perceptions including Perceived Susceptibility(adjusted OR 3.7,95%CI 2.7-6.3,P<0.001),Perceived Severity(adjusted OR 2.8,95%CI 1.7-5.5,P<0.001),Perceived Benefits(adjusted OR 2.8,95%CI 1.7-4.5,P<0.001),and Cues to Action(adjusted OR 3.1,95%CI 1.9-5.1,P<0.001)were positively correlated with willingness to pay for the dengue vaccine comparing with poor perceptions,whereas Perceived Barriers showed no significant effect on willingness to pay for the dengue vaccine.Conclusions:These results suggest that a person's willingness to pay for dengue vaccine increases with their understanding of the risks and advantages of immunization as well as encouraging outside incentives.As a result,these elements are crucial in raising community involvement in the immunization campaign.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China,grant number CHA200267.
文摘This study constructed a moderated mediation model to examine how the social support received by teachers is associated with their work pay fairness perception in relation to their job satisfaction and job performance.Data were collected from 2411 preschool teachers in China(female=98.01%;mean age=29.12 years,SD=6.28 years).These data were analyzed using structural equation modelling,bootstrapping and latent moderate structural equations.The results indicated that teachers’perception of pay fairness is directly associated with self-rated job performance.Additionally,pay fairness perceptions have an indirect effect on higher job performance through job satisfaction.The social support that teachers perceive moderates the relationship between pay fairness perception and job satisfaction:the more social support teachers receive,the weaker the impact of pay fairness perception on job satisfaction.Thesefindings suggest that teachers’perception of pay fairness is related to their sense of quality of work life,as indicated by their job satisfaction and performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72471023,71971019)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QYBS025).
文摘Demand-responsive transportation has been introduced in many cities around the world.However,whether it is applicable in the railway is still questionable,an exploration of passenger choice behavior between demandresponsive trains and pre-scheduled trains is pivotal in addressing this issue.To delve into passengers’choice preferences when facing demand-responsive trains and to dissect the feasibility of implementing demandresponsive service in high-speed railways,the stated preference survey method is employed to investigate travel intention of passengers.Based on the survey data obtained in China,the heterogeneity of passengers is analyzed from three aspects:personal socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics,and travel mode choice.Considering the situation that demand-responsive train cannot operate,the risk attributes are considered.To bolster the appeal of demand-responsive trains,personalized service product attributes are added.Mixed Logit mode,which takes into account the heterogeneous travel choice behavior of passengers,is developed,and Maximum Likelihood Estimation and the Monte Carlo method are used to calibrate model parameters.The willingness to pay in terms of different factors of passengers is determined.The results indicate that early arrival deviation time,late arrival deviation time,demand response time,and success rate of ticket purchase remarkable influence passengers’decision regarding demand-responsive train,with only the success rate of ticket purchase positively impacting train choice.Moreover,the significant difference in train ticket price is observed solely in the self-funded long distance scenario,while demand-responsive trains are found to be particularly appealing in self-funded short distance scenario.Through the Willingness To Pay(WTP)analysis,it is discovered that by shortening demand response time,enhancing the success rate of ticket purchase,and minimizing the deviation times of early arrival and late arrival of trains,the attractiveness of the demand-responsive train to passengers under three travel scenarios can be augmented.This study provides profound insights into the possibility of railway enterprises operating demand-responsive trains.
文摘Objective:To estimate the willingness to pay(WTP)of Ho Chi Minh City residents for the hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)vaccine and its associated factors using the contingent valuation method.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024,involved face-to-face interviews with 423 participants in Ho Chi Minh City.The participants were divided into two groups:parents of children under six and individuals without young children.WTP for the HFMD vaccine was assessed using the Krinsky and Robb procedure and the double-bound dichotomous choice technique.A probit regression model was used to analyze factors influencing WTP.Results:The participants had a mean age of(34.0±10.3)years,and the majority of them were female,resided in urban areas,and held a university degree.54.6%had children under six years of age,and 63.8%had never heard of the EV71 vaccine.The mean WTP for two doses of the HFMD vaccine was VND 1240000(USD 51.66).Parents of children under six years old had a mean WTP of USD 49.16,while individuals without young children had a mean WTP of USD 56.25.Significant factors that were positively associated with WTP included vaccine price,younger age,higher income,and greater knowledge about vaccines.Conclusions:The study indicates a relatively high willingness to pay for HFMD vaccination in Ho Chi Minh City,suggesting strong potential for vaccine implementation.It is recommended that the government disseminate vaccine-related information to enhance public awareness and understanding.
文摘To the Editor:Salam et al.found that more than half(54.2%)of Indonesian parents surveyed were willing to pay for a dengue vaccination[1].Using the Health Belief Model,the study identified four constructs that significantly influenced willingness to pay,including Perceived Susceptibility,Perceived Severity,Perceived Benefits,and Cues to Action[1].Interestingly,Perceived Barriers,including cost and potential side effects,did not show a significant effect[1].
基金the State University of Makassar for their financial backing of this study(SP DIPA-023.17.2.677523/2021 Revision 01).
文摘Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the viability of the payments for ecosystem services(PES)programs in promoting sustainable mangrove tourism in Tongke-Tongke Village,Sinjai District,South SulawesiProvince,Indonesia.We collected data through household surveys,semi-structured stakeholder interviews,and tourist questionnaires to evaluate the economic value of mangrove tourism and tourists’willingness to pay(WTP)for conservation.Analytical methods included quantitative descriptive analysis,thematic analysis,travel cost analysis,and contingent valuationmethod.The results indicatedstrong community support,with 70.00% of respondents acknowledging sustainable mangrove tourism’s economic,environmental,and cultural benefits.Economic estimates revealedthat mangrove tourism generated 943.00 USD/(hm^(2)·a),while tourists’WTP for conservation rangedfrom 0.21 to 0.56 USD/(person×month),contributing approximately 11.39 USD/(hm^(2)·a).Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,socioeconomic disparities,and land privatization,this study advocates for integrating the PES programs,enhancing governance frameworks,and fostering local community engagement to ensure equitable benefit distribution and maximize the potential of mangrove tourism.These strategies aim to bolster conservation efforts,improve local livelihoods,and strengthen the resilience of mangroveecosystems.
