Purpose This study aims to identify which determinants are responsible for impacting the user experience of three peer-to-peer(P2P)payment services in the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approach A sample of all onl...Purpose This study aims to identify which determinants are responsible for impacting the user experience of three peer-to-peer(P2P)payment services in the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approach A sample of all online reviews(n=16,048)published in Google Play of three paytech apps—Bizum,Twyp,and Verse—was analyzed using text mining and sentiment analysis.Findings A holistic interpretation of the seed terms included in each aspect allowed to label them based on the preferences expressed by paytech app users in their reviews.Six latent aspects were identified:ease of use,usefulness,perceived value,performance expectancy,perceived quality,and user experience.In addition,the results of the analysis suggest a positivity bias in the online reviews of fintech P2P app users.Our results also show that online reviews of apps associated with banks or financial institutions,such as Bizum(to a greater extent)or Twyp,show more negative emotions,whereas independent apps(Verse)show more positive emotions.Moreover,the most critical users are those of unidentified gender,while women remain in a more neutral position,and men tend to express their opinions more positively regarding P2P payment apps.Practical implications Paytech providers should analyze the problems faced by users immediately after an encounter.By applying text mining analysis,service providers can gain efficiency in understanding user sentiments and emotions without tedious and time-consuming reviews.Originality/value This is a pioneering study on peer-to-peer(P2P)mobile payment systems from the user’s perspective because it investigates the emotions and sentiments that users convey through bank reviews.展开更多
This study examines the transformative impact of Apple Pay on urban landscapes and socioeconomic frameworks,with a particular focus on spending patterns and retail dynamics in metropolitan areas.By evaluating the adop...This study examines the transformative impact of Apple Pay on urban landscapes and socioeconomic frameworks,with a particular focus on spending patterns and retail dynamics in metropolitan areas.By evaluating the adoption levels,the technological support,and the social impact of Apple Pay,the study shows that the service is both a catalyst for the development of digital payment and a sign of an increasing social gap.Although it has rapidly transformed Retail Enterprises and supported the construction of smart cities,especially in major world cities such as New York,London,and Tokyo,the work has brought out notable digital divides.Although Apple Pay,with more than 75%of iPhone users and 9,000 banks in 60 world areas and regions,has impacts that are not the same across urban populations,the study shows that while large format retailers have effectively adopted Apple Pay for value-added services to consumers and enhanced payment efficiency,small businesses encounter significant barriers in implementation.Additionally,the technology leverages smartphone usage and banking relationships,which does not address considerable urban population demographics and deeper issues of technology exclusion and inequality in the contemporary city.Such results call for attaining a just society’s technological advancement for efficiencies while still catering to all groups of urban dwellers.展开更多
Technological developments are changing how users pay for goods and services.In the context of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,new payment systems have been established to reduce contact between buyer a...Technological developments are changing how users pay for goods and services.In the context of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,new payment systems have been established to reduce contact between buyer and seller.In addition to the pandemic,the future is payment processing is also uncertain due to the new EU security regulations of the Payment Services Directive(PSD2).Biometric payments one option that would guarantee the security of transactions and reduce the risk of conta-gion.This research analyses the intention to recommend the use of the mobile phone as a tool for collecting payments in a shop using iris reading as a biometric measure of the buyer.The moderating effect of the fear of contagion in the proposed relationships was also analysed.An online survey was carried out,which yielded a sample of 368 respondents.The results indicate that the main antecedents of intention to use,which precedes intention to recommend,are perceived trust,habit,personal innovativeness and comfort of use.Additionally,the moderating effect of COVID-19 was checked among users with a higher perception of risk.The results obtained have interesting implications for purchase management among manufacturers and retailers.展开更多
Physician payment system （PPS） is a principal incentive system to motivate doctors to provide excellent care for patients. During the past decade, physician remuneration in China has not been in proportional to phys...Physician payment system （PPS） is a principal incentive system to motivate doctors to provide excellent care for patients. During the past decade, physician remuneration in China has not been in proportional to physician＇s average work load and massive responsibilities. This paper reviewed the constitution of the PPS in China, and further discussed the problems and issues to be addressed with respect to pay for performance. Our study indicated that the lower basic salary and bonus distribution tied to ＂profits＂ was the major contributor to the physician＇s profit-driven incentive and the potential cause for the speedy growth of health expenditures. We recommend that government funding to hospitals should be increased to fully cover physicians＇ basic salary, a flexible human resource and talent management mechanism needs to be established that severs personal interest between physicians and hospitals, and modern performance assessment and multiplexed payment systems should be piloted to encourage physicians to get the more legitimate compensation.展开更多
This paper proposes a redundant network communication structure for the patient integrated circuit(IC)card payment system in a hospital information system(HIS),compares it with the network structure of normal hospital...This paper proposes a redundant network communication structure for the patient integrated circuit(IC)card payment system in a hospital information system(HIS),compares it with the network structure of normal hospital IC card system,and calculates the reliabilities of the related communications like the RS485communication and the Ethernet communication.The new structure can efectively promote the reliability of the hospital operation and ensure the payment collection when the Ethernet network is broken.The system is applied to a local hospital and the cost-performance rate is satisfactory during the application.展开更多
In this paper, we conducted a long term survey of the cataract surgeries. The sample period was about 7 years, from July 2005 to March 2012. We evaluated the effects of three revisions of the medical payment system th...In this paper, we conducted a long term survey of the cataract surgeries. The sample period was about 7 years, from July 2005 to March 2012. We evaluated the effects of three revisions of the medical payment system that were done in 2006, 2008 and 2010. For the analysis, the Box-Cox transformation model and Hausman test using Nawata’s estimator were used for the length of stay (LOS) in hospitals, and the ordinary least squares method was used for the non-inclusive (mainly payments for surgeries) payments. We analyzed a dataset of 51,054 patients obtained from 60 hospitals (Hp1-60) where more than 300 one-eye cataract surgeries were performed during the period. For the LOS, we found that only the 2008 revision had significant impact on shortening the LOS but the other two did not. We also found very large differences among hospitals even after eliminating effects of patients’ characteristics and type of principle diseases as previous studies. For non-inclusive payments 2006 and 2008 revisions had significant impacts and the differences among hospitals were much smaller than those of the LOS.展开更多
equalization of public services is not only conducive to the promotion of social justice; it maintains social stability and national unity, but also helps to promote the coordinated development of economy and society....equalization of public services is not only conducive to the promotion of social justice; it maintains social stability and national unity, but also helps to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. States should give full play to the role of taxation mechanisms to actively promote the use of transfer payments to the equalization of basic public services. In this paper, we focus on China＇ s current system of transfer payments problems and we should deepen mode of transfer payment system＇ s equalization of basic public services under the trend of design.展开更多
Objective To study the successful experience of implementing diagnosis related group(DRG)payment system in the United States and provide a reference for China’s reform of health insurance payment.Since the United Sta...Objective To study the successful experience of implementing diagnosis related group(DRG)payment system in the United States and provide a reference for China’s reform of health insurance payment.Since the United States is the first country to develop and apply the DRG in the world,its research and practice of DRG are always at the forefront.Methods Literature research method was used to investigate DRG payment system,the specific steps of the payment,the setting method of relevant indicators,and the quality supervision measures.Results and Conclusion There are mainly three aspects from the experience of DRG payment system in the United States.Firstly,the government’s responsibility for health insurance is clarified.Secondly,the relevant indexes are set reasonably.Thirdly,the DRG weight and base rate are adjusted dynamically to ensure the fairness of DRG payment.Therefore,China should pay attention to the following three aspects:clarifying the main responsibility of the government in the reform of health insurance payment,establishing the quality control system of the first page of medical records,and improving the supervision mechanism for medical quality.展开更多
Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on ...Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.展开更多
Today the usage of electronic services in different taxies seems to be necessary. Organizing a system to pay the taxi electronically with the card by the passenger can decrease the need to carry cash. Designing and bu...Today the usage of electronic services in different taxies seems to be necessary. Organizing a system to pay the taxi electronically with the card by the passenger can decrease the need to carry cash. Designing and building of such a system by using a special taximeter with new features and also one or more card reader can be fixed into the taxi. Payment is with the smart credit card and from the client's account. The information of presented services is stored in the system and will be recorded as offered services. The driver can have access to taxi organization or some special terminals electronically to see his account and also he can receive a receipt.展开更多
In recent decades, day-to-day lifestyle requires online payments as easy and simple solutions to several financial transactions, which makes the concept of Electronic payment Systems very popular in the growth of a ca...In recent decades, day-to-day lifestyle requires online payments as easy and simple solutions to several financial transactions, which makes the concept of Electronic payment Systems very popular in the growth of a cashless society. In fact, cashless transactions through simple mobile apps are not merely a concept anymore rather are implemented robustly and being used extensively. On the dark side, obvious financial benefits are making these apps vulnerable to being attacked, which can be successful through security breaches. These cybersecurity issues need to be traced out and resolved to make the financial transactions through an app secure and trustworthy. In this paper, several related papers are analyzed to trace out possible cybersecurity issues in the domain of Electronic Transaction System. The objective is to establish sufficient theoretical background to propose methodologies for measuring security issues and also identify the security strength of any FinTech application and provide standard security metrics.展开更多
Contactless mobile payment devices are fast, convenient and user friendly means for executing small value business transactions. This kind of transactions is preferred to be executed conveniently and on the fly by jus...Contactless mobile payment devices are fast, convenient and user friendly means for executing small value business transactions. This kind of transactions is preferred to be executed conveniently and on the fly by just tapping a mobile payment device to a mobile terminal. Mobility, convenience and fast transaction execution are very important payment system properties in potentially crowded places such as in public transportation. These properties are in practice causing transaction execution problems, such as: delays in offline transaction execution, transaction atomicity failures caused by mobile data communication drops, lack of central control on mobile transaction system components and increased vulnerability risk caused by easy physical access to the mobile transaction system components. This paper describes a holistic transaction processing model for resolving mentioned problems in micropayment mobile touch-and-go transaction systems. Defined processing model was implemented on real public transportation mobile payment system where it was proven as a robust solution for execution of small value touch-and-go mobile ticketing transactions.展开更多
Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the ...Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the viability of the payments for ecosystem services(PES)programs in promoting sustainable mangrove tourism in Tongke-Tongke Village,Sinjai District,South SulawesiProvince,Indonesia.We collected data through household surveys,semi-structured stakeholder interviews,and tourist questionnaires to evaluate the economic value of mangrove tourism and tourists’willingness to pay(WTP)for conservation.Analytical methods included quantitative descriptive analysis,thematic analysis,travel cost analysis,and contingent valuationmethod.The results indicatedstrong community support,with 70.00% of respondents acknowledging sustainable mangrove tourism’s economic,environmental,and cultural benefits.Economic estimates revealedthat mangrove tourism generated 943.00 USD/(hm^(2)·a),while tourists’WTP for conservation rangedfrom 0.21 to 0.56 USD/(person×month),contributing approximately 11.39 USD/(hm^(2)·a).Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,socioeconomic disparities,and land privatization,this study advocates for integrating the PES programs,enhancing governance frameworks,and fostering local community engagement to ensure equitable benefit distribution and maximize the potential of mangrove tourism.These strategies aim to bolster conservation efforts,improve local livelihoods,and strengthen the resilience of mangroveecosystems.展开更多
Objective:Aiming at the problems of clinical pathway optimization and medical cost control for stroke patients,this study proposes a clinical pathway discrimination model based on the XGBoost integrated learning algor...Objective:Aiming at the problems of clinical pathway optimization and medical cost control for stroke patients,this study proposes a clinical pathway discrimination model based on the XGBoost integrated learning algorithm.Combined with the multi-objective programming(MOP)method,this study explores its application value under the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment model.Methods:The data of stroke patients(ICD codes I60-I63)from 2018 to 2024 were obtained through the medical record statistical management system of medical institutions in Guangdong Province.Efficiency indicators(average length of hospital stay),health economics indicators(total cost),effectiveness indicators(mortality rate),and specific indicators(NIHSS score)were extracted.The XGBoost algorithm was used to construct the clinical pathway discrimination model,and the hyperparameters were optimized through grid search.Based on the DIP payment rules,the prediction results of the model were used as inputs to establish a dynamic programming model,aiming to minimize costs and maximize curative effects to obtain the optimal clinical pathway plan.Results:The goodness-of-fit(R 2)of the XGBoost model on the test set reached 0.768,which was significantly better than that of the random forest(0.691)and the BP neural network(0.343).The total cost of the clinical pathway optimized by the dynamic programming model decreased by 12.7%(95%CI:10.2-15.1%),the average length of hospital stay was shortened by 1.8 days,and the NIHSS improvement rate increased by 8.3%.Conclusion:The integrated model proposed in this study has high accuracy and robustness in clinical pathway discrimination.Combined with the MOP method,it can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of medical resources under the DIP model,helping medical institutions achieve the dual goals of precise cost control and curative effect improvement.展开更多
Money is how we pay for things that we need.People pay for things in cash,which is the main form for a long time.Nowadays,there are more ways to pay than ever,including mobile payment or e-payments.Cash comes in the f...Money is how we pay for things that we need.People pay for things in cash,which is the main form for a long time.Nowadays,there are more ways to pay than ever,including mobile payment or e-payments.Cash comes in the form of banknotes and coins;e-payments make people buy things through a phone and watch.So,which way of buying things is better?展开更多
This study investigates the dynamic evolutionary trajectory of XCMG's capital return payment capacity through the lens of free cash flow(FCF),leveraging the company’s financial data spanning the period from 1998 ...This study investigates the dynamic evolutionary trajectory of XCMG's capital return payment capacity through the lens of free cash flow(FCF),leveraging the company’s financial data spanning the period from 1998 to 2024.By integrating free cash flow metrics with indicators of debt-servicing capability and profit quality,the research conducts a systematic analysis of the core determinants that shape the firm’s ability to meet capital return obligations.The findings reveal that both FCF1 and FCF2 of XCMG exhibit pronounced cyclical volatility;moreover,the rigid growth of interest expenses has the effect of amplifying cash flow gaps,which in turn renders the capital return payment capacity highly sensitive to external financing sources during periods of industry downturn.In light of these results,the paper puts forward a set of recommendations,including the compression of leverage ratios,the optimization of investment pacing,and the strengthening of cash recovery mechanisms,with the aim of providing empirical evidence to support the construction machinery industry in enhancing free cash flow creativity and realizing high-quality development.展开更多
Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechani...Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.展开更多
Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)have been studied extensively over the past decade as an important policy tool for coordinating ecological protection and regional socioeconomic development.One of the greatest chal...Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)have been studied extensively over the past decade as an important policy tool for coordinating ecological protection and regional socioeconomic development.One of the greatest challenges of PES implementation is to understand where to pay,i.e.,spatial targeting,which can directly impact PES effectiveness and efficiency.In this study,we conducted a systematic review of spatial targeting methods based on literature analysis using Citespace.Firstly,peer-reviewed articles related to spatial targeting of PES were selected from the Web of Science database based on keywords.Cases applying PES spatial targeting methods were then chosen and analyzed after all articles were read.In total,70%of the chosen cases focused on improving the compensation efficiency of biodiversity or another single environmental objective,whereas the remaining cases focused on coordinating trade-offs between equity and efficiency or multiple environmental objectives.The main PES spatial targeting approaches included cost-benefit analysis,multi-objective optimization,data envelope analysis and other methods aimed at specific issues.Of these,cost-benefit analysis has been most widely applied at different scales,including county,regional and watershed scales.Significant differences among the different PES spatial targeting methods were found,including in PES spatial targeting dimensions,efficiency optimization approaches and method application conditions.The practice of PES spatial targeting requires the selection of appropriate methods based on contextual biophysical and socioeconomic conditions as well as relevant environmental issues.The combined application of PES spatial targeting methods,compensation willingness of stakeholders and dynamic implementation of PES spatial targeting should be considered in future research.展开更多
Market based initiatives for management of degrading ecosystems and their services have received the added attention as one of the innovative responses in the reent years. Those initiatives such as direct and indirect...Market based initiatives for management of degrading ecosystems and their services have received the added attention as one of the innovative responses in the reent years. Those initiatives such as direct and indirect payment for ecosystem services like premium for rain forest honey, payment by the people at the lower reach to those at the upper reach for the watershed services etc. have drawn the attention of the decision makers as they have proved to be far more cost effective.This paper wynthesizes the key messages from some of the paper are carbon, watershed services and biodiversity, We find that while credible valuation of ecosystem services for all services remain a critical concern behind setting up the payment mechanism, absent of necessary institutional framework may seriously undermine this innovative response for management of ecosystems. In the paper, necessary institutional mechanisms enabling the market for those services have been sketched out, Key messages from those cases have been synthesized.展开更多
基金funded by the University of Seville under grant to the Research Group[SEJ-566].
文摘Purpose This study aims to identify which determinants are responsible for impacting the user experience of three peer-to-peer(P2P)payment services in the Spanish market.Design/methodology/approach A sample of all online reviews(n=16,048)published in Google Play of three paytech apps—Bizum,Twyp,and Verse—was analyzed using text mining and sentiment analysis.Findings A holistic interpretation of the seed terms included in each aspect allowed to label them based on the preferences expressed by paytech app users in their reviews.Six latent aspects were identified:ease of use,usefulness,perceived value,performance expectancy,perceived quality,and user experience.In addition,the results of the analysis suggest a positivity bias in the online reviews of fintech P2P app users.Our results also show that online reviews of apps associated with banks or financial institutions,such as Bizum(to a greater extent)or Twyp,show more negative emotions,whereas independent apps(Verse)show more positive emotions.Moreover,the most critical users are those of unidentified gender,while women remain in a more neutral position,and men tend to express their opinions more positively regarding P2P payment apps.Practical implications Paytech providers should analyze the problems faced by users immediately after an encounter.By applying text mining analysis,service providers can gain efficiency in understanding user sentiments and emotions without tedious and time-consuming reviews.Originality/value This is a pioneering study on peer-to-peer(P2P)mobile payment systems from the user’s perspective because it investigates the emotions and sentiments that users convey through bank reviews.
文摘This study examines the transformative impact of Apple Pay on urban landscapes and socioeconomic frameworks,with a particular focus on spending patterns and retail dynamics in metropolitan areas.By evaluating the adoption levels,the technological support,and the social impact of Apple Pay,the study shows that the service is both a catalyst for the development of digital payment and a sign of an increasing social gap.Although it has rapidly transformed Retail Enterprises and supported the construction of smart cities,especially in major world cities such as New York,London,and Tokyo,the work has brought out notable digital divides.Although Apple Pay,with more than 75%of iPhone users and 9,000 banks in 60 world areas and regions,has impacts that are not the same across urban populations,the study shows that while large format retailers have effectively adopted Apple Pay for value-added services to consumers and enhanced payment efficiency,small businesses encounter significant barriers in implementation.Additionally,the technology leverages smartphone usage and banking relationships,which does not address considerable urban population demographics and deeper issues of technology exclusion and inequality in the contemporary city.Such results call for attaining a just society’s technological advancement for efficiencies while still catering to all groups of urban dwellers.
基金support provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,National R&D&I Plan and FEDER(B-SEJ-209-UGR18).
文摘Technological developments are changing how users pay for goods and services.In the context of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,new payment systems have been established to reduce contact between buyer and seller.In addition to the pandemic,the future is payment processing is also uncertain due to the new EU security regulations of the Payment Services Directive(PSD2).Biometric payments one option that would guarantee the security of transactions and reduce the risk of conta-gion.This research analyses the intention to recommend the use of the mobile phone as a tool for collecting payments in a shop using iris reading as a biometric measure of the buyer.The moderating effect of the fear of contagion in the proposed relationships was also analysed.An online survey was carried out,which yielded a sample of 368 respondents.The results indicate that the main antecedents of intention to use,which precedes intention to recommend,are perceived trust,habit,personal innovativeness and comfort of use.Additionally,the moderating effect of COVID-19 was checked among users with a higher perception of risk.The results obtained have interesting implications for purchase management among manufacturers and retailers.
基金supported by Guiyang Science and Technology Correspondent Program of China(No.2012207)
文摘Physician payment system （PPS） is a principal incentive system to motivate doctors to provide excellent care for patients. During the past decade, physician remuneration in China has not been in proportional to physician＇s average work load and massive responsibilities. This paper reviewed the constitution of the PPS in China, and further discussed the problems and issues to be addressed with respect to pay for performance. Our study indicated that the lower basic salary and bonus distribution tied to ＂profits＂ was the major contributor to the physician＇s profit-driven incentive and the potential cause for the speedy growth of health expenditures. We recommend that government funding to hospitals should be increased to fully cover physicians＇ basic salary, a flexible human resource and talent management mechanism needs to be established that severs personal interest between physicians and hospitals, and modern performance assessment and multiplexed payment systems should be piloted to encourage physicians to get the more legitimate compensation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170507)the Project of Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(Nos.11140903700 and 12142201200)
文摘This paper proposes a redundant network communication structure for the patient integrated circuit(IC)card payment system in a hospital information system(HIS),compares it with the network structure of normal hospital IC card system,and calculates the reliabilities of the related communications like the RS485communication and the Ethernet communication.The new structure can efectively promote the reliability of the hospital operation and ensure the payment collection when the Ethernet network is broken.The system is applied to a local hospital and the cost-performance rate is satisfactory during the application.
文摘In this paper, we conducted a long term survey of the cataract surgeries. The sample period was about 7 years, from July 2005 to March 2012. We evaluated the effects of three revisions of the medical payment system that were done in 2006, 2008 and 2010. For the analysis, the Box-Cox transformation model and Hausman test using Nawata’s estimator were used for the length of stay (LOS) in hospitals, and the ordinary least squares method was used for the non-inclusive (mainly payments for surgeries) payments. We analyzed a dataset of 51,054 patients obtained from 60 hospitals (Hp1-60) where more than 300 one-eye cataract surgeries were performed during the period. For the LOS, we found that only the 2008 revision had significant impact on shortening the LOS but the other two did not. We also found very large differences among hospitals even after eliminating effects of patients’ characteristics and type of principle diseases as previous studies. For non-inclusive payments 2006 and 2008 revisions had significant impacts and the differences among hospitals were much smaller than those of the LOS.
文摘equalization of public services is not only conducive to the promotion of social justice; it maintains social stability and national unity, but also helps to promote the coordinated development of economy and society. States should give full play to the role of taxation mechanisms to actively promote the use of transfer payments to the equalization of basic public services. In this paper, we focus on China＇ s current system of transfer payments problems and we should deepen mode of transfer payment system＇ s equalization of basic public services under the trend of design.
文摘Objective To study the successful experience of implementing diagnosis related group(DRG)payment system in the United States and provide a reference for China’s reform of health insurance payment.Since the United States is the first country to develop and apply the DRG in the world,its research and practice of DRG are always at the forefront.Methods Literature research method was used to investigate DRG payment system,the specific steps of the payment,the setting method of relevant indicators,and the quality supervision measures.Results and Conclusion There are mainly three aspects from the experience of DRG payment system in the United States.Firstly,the government’s responsibility for health insurance is clarified.Secondly,the relevant indexes are set reasonably.Thirdly,the DRG weight and base rate are adjusted dynamically to ensure the fairness of DRG payment.Therefore,China should pay attention to the following three aspects:clarifying the main responsibility of the government in the reform of health insurance payment,establishing the quality control system of the first page of medical records,and improving the supervision mechanism for medical quality.
文摘Following the recommendations of a report submitted by the Central Social Insurance Medical Council concerning the 2002 revision of the Medical Service Fee Schedule, a new inclu-sive payment system, which is based on the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) sys-tem, was introduced in 82 special functioning hospitals in Japan, effective beginning in April 2003. Since April 2004, the system has been gradually extended to general hospitals that satisfy certain prerequisites. In this paper, the new inclusive payment system is analyzed. Data pertaining to 1,225 patients, who were hospital-ized for cataract diseases and underwent lens operations from July 2004 to September 2005, are used. The lengths of hospital stay and medical payments among hospitals are com-pared. Even after eliminating the influence of patient characteristics, there are large differ-ences among hospitals in average lengths of hospital stay and DPC-based inclusive pay-ments. The highest average inclusive payment is 3.5 times as high as the lowest payment. On the other hand, there are relatively small differ-ences in non-inclusive payments based on the conventional fee-for-service system—the larg-est deviation from the average of all hospitals is approximately 10%. Thus, although payments based on the DPC account for only one-third of the total medical payments for this disease, the major differences in medical payments among hospitals are caused by differences in their DPC-based inclusive payments. The results of the study strongly suggest that revisions of the payment system in Japan are necessary for the efficient use of medical resources in the future.
文摘Today the usage of electronic services in different taxies seems to be necessary. Organizing a system to pay the taxi electronically with the card by the passenger can decrease the need to carry cash. Designing and building of such a system by using a special taximeter with new features and also one or more card reader can be fixed into the taxi. Payment is with the smart credit card and from the client's account. The information of presented services is stored in the system and will be recorded as offered services. The driver can have access to taxi organization or some special terminals electronically to see his account and also he can receive a receipt.
文摘In recent decades, day-to-day lifestyle requires online payments as easy and simple solutions to several financial transactions, which makes the concept of Electronic payment Systems very popular in the growth of a cashless society. In fact, cashless transactions through simple mobile apps are not merely a concept anymore rather are implemented robustly and being used extensively. On the dark side, obvious financial benefits are making these apps vulnerable to being attacked, which can be successful through security breaches. These cybersecurity issues need to be traced out and resolved to make the financial transactions through an app secure and trustworthy. In this paper, several related papers are analyzed to trace out possible cybersecurity issues in the domain of Electronic Transaction System. The objective is to establish sufficient theoretical background to propose methodologies for measuring security issues and also identify the security strength of any FinTech application and provide standard security metrics.
文摘Contactless mobile payment devices are fast, convenient and user friendly means for executing small value business transactions. This kind of transactions is preferred to be executed conveniently and on the fly by just tapping a mobile payment device to a mobile terminal. Mobility, convenience and fast transaction execution are very important payment system properties in potentially crowded places such as in public transportation. These properties are in practice causing transaction execution problems, such as: delays in offline transaction execution, transaction atomicity failures caused by mobile data communication drops, lack of central control on mobile transaction system components and increased vulnerability risk caused by easy physical access to the mobile transaction system components. This paper describes a holistic transaction processing model for resolving mentioned problems in micropayment mobile touch-and-go transaction systems. Defined processing model was implemented on real public transportation mobile payment system where it was proven as a robust solution for execution of small value touch-and-go mobile ticketing transactions.
基金the State University of Makassar for their financial backing of this study(SP DIPA-023.17.2.677523/2021 Revision 01).
文摘Mangrove ecosystems support biodiversity,protect coastal areas,and provide sustainable livelihoods.However,they face significant threats from deforestation and unsustainable land use practices.This study examines the viability of the payments for ecosystem services(PES)programs in promoting sustainable mangrove tourism in Tongke-Tongke Village,Sinjai District,South SulawesiProvince,Indonesia.We collected data through household surveys,semi-structured stakeholder interviews,and tourist questionnaires to evaluate the economic value of mangrove tourism and tourists’willingness to pay(WTP)for conservation.Analytical methods included quantitative descriptive analysis,thematic analysis,travel cost analysis,and contingent valuationmethod.The results indicatedstrong community support,with 70.00% of respondents acknowledging sustainable mangrove tourism’s economic,environmental,and cultural benefits.Economic estimates revealedthat mangrove tourism generated 943.00 USD/(hm^(2)·a),while tourists’WTP for conservation rangedfrom 0.21 to 0.56 USD/(person×month),contributing approximately 11.39 USD/(hm^(2)·a).Despite challenges such as inadequate infrastructure,socioeconomic disparities,and land privatization,this study advocates for integrating the PES programs,enhancing governance frameworks,and fostering local community engagement to ensure equitable benefit distribution and maximize the potential of mangrove tourism.These strategies aim to bolster conservation efforts,improve local livelihoods,and strengthen the resilience of mangroveecosystems.
基金Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund,Research on the Construction of a Clinical Path Discrimination Model for Stroke Patients Based on the XGBoost Integrated Learning Algorithm and Its Application in MOP under the DIP Payment Model,(Project No.:B2023177)Guangdong Health Economics Association,Research on the Prediction of Hospitalization Costs of Stroke Patients under the DRG/DIP Reform Based on Machine Learning Algorithms,(Project No.:2022-WJMF-13)。
文摘Objective:Aiming at the problems of clinical pathway optimization and medical cost control for stroke patients,this study proposes a clinical pathway discrimination model based on the XGBoost integrated learning algorithm.Combined with the multi-objective programming(MOP)method,this study explores its application value under the Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)payment model.Methods:The data of stroke patients(ICD codes I60-I63)from 2018 to 2024 were obtained through the medical record statistical management system of medical institutions in Guangdong Province.Efficiency indicators(average length of hospital stay),health economics indicators(total cost),effectiveness indicators(mortality rate),and specific indicators(NIHSS score)were extracted.The XGBoost algorithm was used to construct the clinical pathway discrimination model,and the hyperparameters were optimized through grid search.Based on the DIP payment rules,the prediction results of the model were used as inputs to establish a dynamic programming model,aiming to minimize costs and maximize curative effects to obtain the optimal clinical pathway plan.Results:The goodness-of-fit(R 2)of the XGBoost model on the test set reached 0.768,which was significantly better than that of the random forest(0.691)and the BP neural network(0.343).The total cost of the clinical pathway optimized by the dynamic programming model decreased by 12.7%(95%CI:10.2-15.1%),the average length of hospital stay was shortened by 1.8 days,and the NIHSS improvement rate increased by 8.3%.Conclusion:The integrated model proposed in this study has high accuracy and robustness in clinical pathway discrimination.Combined with the MOP method,it can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of medical resources under the DIP model,helping medical institutions achieve the dual goals of precise cost control and curative effect improvement.
文摘Money is how we pay for things that we need.People pay for things in cash,which is the main form for a long time.Nowadays,there are more ways to pay than ever,including mobile payment or e-payments.Cash comes in the form of banknotes and coins;e-payments make people buy things through a phone and watch.So,which way of buying things is better?
文摘This study investigates the dynamic evolutionary trajectory of XCMG's capital return payment capacity through the lens of free cash flow(FCF),leveraging the company’s financial data spanning the period from 1998 to 2024.By integrating free cash flow metrics with indicators of debt-servicing capability and profit quality,the research conducts a systematic analysis of the core determinants that shape the firm’s ability to meet capital return obligations.The findings reveal that both FCF1 and FCF2 of XCMG exhibit pronounced cyclical volatility;moreover,the rigid growth of interest expenses has the effect of amplifying cash flow gaps,which in turn renders the capital return payment capacity highly sensitive to external financing sources during periods of industry downturn.In light of these results,the paper puts forward a set of recommendations,including the compression of leverage ratios,the optimization of investment pacing,and the strengthening of cash recovery mechanisms,with the aim of providing empirical evidence to support the construction machinery industry in enhancing free cash flow creativity and realizing high-quality development.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70703034)State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology (No.SKLURE 2008-1-02)the National Major Program on Pollution Control and Management of Water Body(No. 2009ZX07318-006)
文摘Payment for ecosystem services （PES） has attracted considerable attention as an economic incentive for promoting natural resource management recently. As emphasis has been placed on using the incentive-based mechanism by the central government, rapid progress on PES research and practice has been achieved. However PES still faces many difficulties. A key issue is the lack of a fully-fledged theory and method to clearly define the design scope, accounting and feasibility of PES criteria. An improved watershed criteria model was developed in light of research on PES practices in China, investigations on the water source area for the Middle Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion and ecosystem services outflows theory. The basic principle of assessment is the direct and opportunity cost for ecological conservation and environmental protection in the water source area deduct nationally-financed PES and internal effect. Then the scope and the criteria methods were determined, and internal effect was put forward to define benefits brought from water source area. Finally, Shiyan City, which is the main water source area for the Project of Water Diversion, was analyzed by this model and its payment was calculated. The results showed that： （1） during 2003–2050, the total direct cost and opportunity cost would reach up to 262.70 billion and 256.33 billion Chinese Yuan （CNY, 2000 constant prices）, i.e., 50.61% and 49.38% of total cost, respectively; （2） Shiyan City would gain 0.23, 0.06 and 0.03 CNY/m3 in 2014–2020, 2021–2030, and 2031–2050, respectively.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(Grant No.2019QZKK0307)the China National Social Science Funding of Major Projects(Grant No.18VSJ100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41925005).
文摘Payments for Ecosystem Services(PES)have been studied extensively over the past decade as an important policy tool for coordinating ecological protection and regional socioeconomic development.One of the greatest challenges of PES implementation is to understand where to pay,i.e.,spatial targeting,which can directly impact PES effectiveness and efficiency.In this study,we conducted a systematic review of spatial targeting methods based on literature analysis using Citespace.Firstly,peer-reviewed articles related to spatial targeting of PES were selected from the Web of Science database based on keywords.Cases applying PES spatial targeting methods were then chosen and analyzed after all articles were read.In total,70%of the chosen cases focused on improving the compensation efficiency of biodiversity or another single environmental objective,whereas the remaining cases focused on coordinating trade-offs between equity and efficiency or multiple environmental objectives.The main PES spatial targeting approaches included cost-benefit analysis,multi-objective optimization,data envelope analysis and other methods aimed at specific issues.Of these,cost-benefit analysis has been most widely applied at different scales,including county,regional and watershed scales.Significant differences among the different PES spatial targeting methods were found,including in PES spatial targeting dimensions,efficiency optimization approaches and method application conditions.The practice of PES spatial targeting requires the selection of appropriate methods based on contextual biophysical and socioeconomic conditions as well as relevant environmental issues.The combined application of PES spatial targeting methods,compensation willingness of stakeholders and dynamic implementation of PES spatial targeting should be considered in future research.
文摘Market based initiatives for management of degrading ecosystems and their services have received the added attention as one of the innovative responses in the reent years. Those initiatives such as direct and indirect payment for ecosystem services like premium for rain forest honey, payment by the people at the lower reach to those at the upper reach for the watershed services etc. have drawn the attention of the decision makers as they have proved to be far more cost effective.This paper wynthesizes the key messages from some of the paper are carbon, watershed services and biodiversity, We find that while credible valuation of ecosystem services for all services remain a critical concern behind setting up the payment mechanism, absent of necessary institutional framework may seriously undermine this innovative response for management of ecosystems. In the paper, necessary institutional mechanisms enabling the market for those services have been sketched out, Key messages from those cases have been synthesized.
