Microplastic(MP)contamination in freshwater ecosystems poses ecological and human health risks.This study presents the first microplastic assessment in Pawna River fish.Condition factors(K)declined from 1.45±0.18...Microplastic(MP)contamination in freshwater ecosystems poses ecological and human health risks.This study presents the first microplastic assessment in Pawna River fish.Condition factors(K)declined from 1.45±0.18 to 1.24±0.16 in Labeo rohita and from 1.65±0.22 to 1.42±0.18 in Channa punctatus.Polyethylene(35.2%-42.4%)and polypropylene(28.7-33.8%)were dominant,confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)(78.5-84.1%match)and Raman spectroscopy(82.1-88.9%).Gastrointestinal tracts carried the heaviest loads,3.1±1.2-18.9±4.7 particles g^(-1)in Labeo rohita and 4.2±1.5-22.3±5.6 in Channa punctatus,followed by gills(1.5-12.9)and muscles(0.2-4.6).Biomarkers revealed nearly five-fold rises in malondialdehyde(MDA)from 2.8±0.6 to 12.9±2.8 nmol/mg protein,catalase(CAT)from 12.4±2.8 to 31.6±6.7 U/mg protein,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)from 18.7±3.2 to 48.3±8.9 U/mg protein.Histopathological indices increased from mild(0.8±0.3)to severe(3.8±1.2)in Labeo rohita and from 0.9±0.4 to 4.1±1.3 in Channa punctatus.Human health risks also escalated,with hazard quotients(HQ)rising from 0.28±0.09 to 1.72±0.43 in Labeo rohita and from 0.37±0.12 to 2.08±0.59 in Channa punctatus,exceeding safety thresholds downstream.This study is the first to link fish health decline,polymer profiles,oxidative stress,histopathology,and consumer risks in the Pawna River,underscoring urgent management needs.展开更多
文摘Microplastic(MP)contamination in freshwater ecosystems poses ecological and human health risks.This study presents the first microplastic assessment in Pawna River fish.Condition factors(K)declined from 1.45±0.18 to 1.24±0.16 in Labeo rohita and from 1.65±0.22 to 1.42±0.18 in Channa punctatus.Polyethylene(35.2%-42.4%)and polypropylene(28.7-33.8%)were dominant,confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)(78.5-84.1%match)and Raman spectroscopy(82.1-88.9%).Gastrointestinal tracts carried the heaviest loads,3.1±1.2-18.9±4.7 particles g^(-1)in Labeo rohita and 4.2±1.5-22.3±5.6 in Channa punctatus,followed by gills(1.5-12.9)and muscles(0.2-4.6).Biomarkers revealed nearly five-fold rises in malondialdehyde(MDA)from 2.8±0.6 to 12.9±2.8 nmol/mg protein,catalase(CAT)from 12.4±2.8 to 31.6±6.7 U/mg protein,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)from 18.7±3.2 to 48.3±8.9 U/mg protein.Histopathological indices increased from mild(0.8±0.3)to severe(3.8±1.2)in Labeo rohita and from 0.9±0.4 to 4.1±1.3 in Channa punctatus.Human health risks also escalated,with hazard quotients(HQ)rising from 0.28±0.09 to 1.72±0.43 in Labeo rohita and from 0.37±0.12 to 2.08±0.59 in Channa punctatus,exceeding safety thresholds downstream.This study is the first to link fish health decline,polymer profiles,oxidative stress,histopathology,and consumer risks in the Pawna River,underscoring urgent management needs.
