Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has ...Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.展开更多
Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio ac...Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.展开更多
Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general contr...Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general control zones—are established based on the ecological red line,the lower-limit line for environmental quality,and the resource use line.Human activities are regulated through a permit system.Integrated and multifactorial protection of soil,plant,hydrological,and atmospheric elements is promoted at the regional level.A follow-up assessment contributes to the improvement of policy implementation and effectiveness.This study demonstrates the achievements of the TLOP policy in Sichuan Province.Results show that(1)276 protection zones have been established under the ecological red line,covering key ecosystems and protected areas to ensure environmental security.Under the lower-limit line,1,626 functional(priority,key,and general control)zones have been designated to regulate air,water,and soil quality,enhancing environmental capacity and pollution control.(2)Through the integration and merging of the three lines,1,128 integrated management zones have been established,including 375,625,and 128 priority protection,critical control,and general control zones,respectively.Each zone has its own list of environmental permits to regulate human activities according to different environmental protection and natural resource development regimes.(3)The design of the follow-up assessment index system was informed by regional primary functions and industrial structure.The index system for provinces and cities is structured around three primary indicators—implementation updating,application,and guarantees—and 15 secondary indicators.The system for critical control zones is structured around environmental access,management,and effectiveness and 14 secondary indicators.A stringent environmental zoning system has been established through the TLOP policy,thereby safeguarding environmental security,promoting harmonious existence between humans and nature,and supporting the vision of Beautiful China.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,...The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.展开更多
Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the im...Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the She...Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.展开更多
Modern manufacturing processes have become more reliant on automation because of the accelerated transition from Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0.Manual inspection of products on assembly lines remains inefficient,prone t...Modern manufacturing processes have become more reliant on automation because of the accelerated transition from Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0.Manual inspection of products on assembly lines remains inefficient,prone to errors and lacks consistency,emphasizing the need for a reliable and automated inspection system.Leveraging both object detection and image segmentation approaches,this research proposes a vision-based solution for the detection of various kinds of tools in the toolkit using deep learning(DL)models.Two Intel RealSense D455f depth cameras were arranged in a top down configuration to capture both RGB and depth images of the toolkits.After applying multiple constraints and enhancing them through preprocessing and augmentation,a dataset consisting of 3300 annotated RGB-D photos was generated.Several DL models were selected through a comprehensive assessment of mean Average Precision(mAP),precision-recall equilibrium,inference latency(target≥30 FPS),and computational burden,resulting in a preference for YOLO and Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks(R-CNN)variants over ViT-based models due to the latter’s increased latency and resource requirements.YOLOV5,YOLOV8,YOLOV11,Faster R-CNN,and Mask R-CNN were trained on the annotated dataset and evaluated using key performance metrics(Recall,Accuracy,F1-score,and Precision).YOLOV11 demonstrated balanced excellence with 93.0%precision,89.9%recall,and a 90.6%F1-score in object detection,as well as 96.9%precision,95.3%recall,and a 96.5%F1-score in instance segmentation with an average inference time of 25 ms per frame(≈40 FPS),demonstrating real-time performance.Leveraging these results,a YOLOV11-based windows application was successfully deployed in a real-time assembly line environment,where it accurately processed live video streams to detect and segment tools within toolkits,demonstrating its practical effectiveness in industrial automation.The application is capable of precisely measuring socket dimensions by utilising edge detection techniques on YOLOv11 segmentation masks,in addition to detection and segmentation.This makes it possible to do specification-level quality control right on the assembly line,which improves the ability to examine things in real time.The implementation is a big step forward for intelligent manufacturing in the Industry 4.0 paradigm.It provides a scalable,efficient,and accurate way to do automated inspection and dimensional verification activities.展开更多
This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of high-order vector rogue wave(RW)solutions for any multi-component nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation(denoted as n-NLSE)with multiple internal large parameters.We re...This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of high-order vector rogue wave(RW)solutions for any multi-component nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation(denoted as n-NLSE)with multiple internal large parameters.We report some novel RW patterns,including nonmultiple root(NMR)-type patterns with distinct shapes such as semicircular sector,acute sector,pseudo-hexagram,and pseudo-rhombus shapes,as well as multiple root(MR)-type patterns characterized by right double-arrow and right arrow shapes.We demonstrate that these RW patterns are intrinsically related to the root structures of a novel class of polynomials,termed generalized mixed Adler-Moser(GMAM)polynomials,which feature multiple arbitrary free parameters.The RW patterns can be interpreted as straightforward expansions and slight shifts of the root structures for the GMAM polynomials to some extent.In the(x,t)-plane,they asymptotically converge to a first-order RW at the location corresponding to each simple root of the polynomials and to a lower-order RW at the location associated with each multiple root.Notably,the position of the lower-order RW within these patterns can be flexibly adjusted to any desired location in the(x,t)-plane by tuning the free parameters of the corresponding GMAM polynomials.展开更多
This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques.Specifically,the research examines the shale gas gatheri...This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques.Specifically,the research examines the shale gas gathering and transmission trunk line project in the Weiyuan and Luzhou blocks.To gain deeper insights into dust migration patterns,numerical simulations were conducted.The study further analyzed dust migration behavior in small-section tunnels and large steep-sloped shafts,taking into account various factors such as ventilation distance,tunnel slope,and section size.The results indicate that optimal ventilation occurs at distances of 15 and 13 m.Additionally,dust concentration was notably lower when the tunnel slope was 0°,suggesting that a flat slope is more advantageous for construction projects where the outlet wind speed remains constant.Moreover,as the tunnel’s cross-sectional size increases,dust concentration decreases significantly,further underscoring the benefits of larger tunnel sections in mitigating dust accumulation.展开更多
In wind and solar renewable-dominant hybrid alternating current/direct current(AC/DC)power systems,the active power of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system is significantly limited by the security and stability eve...In wind and solar renewable-dominant hybrid alternating current/direct current(AC/DC)power systems,the active power of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system is significantly limited by the security and stability events caused by cascading failures.To identify critical lines in cascading failures,a rapid risk assessment method is proposed based on the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)and frequent pat-tern growth(FP-Growth)algorithms.First,security and stability events triggered by cascading failures are analyzed to explain the impact of cascading failures on the maximum DC power.Then,a cascading failure risk index is defined,focusing on the DC power being limited.To handle the strong nonlinear relationship between the maximum DC power and cascading failures,a GBDT with an update strategy is utilized to rapidly predict the maximum DC power under uncertain operating conditions.Finally,the FP-Growth algorithm is improved to mine frequent patterns in cascading failures.The importance index for each fault in a frequent pattern is defined by evaluating its impact on cascading failures,enabling the identification of critical lines.Simulation results of a modified Ningxia–Shandong hybrid AC/DC system in China demonstrate that the proposed method can rapidly assess the risk of cascading failures and effectively identify critical lines.展开更多
Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system(CNS).They provide trophic support for neurons,modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity,and contribute to neuronal dysfunction.Many transgen...Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system(CNS).They provide trophic support for neurons,modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity,and contribute to neuronal dysfunction.Many transgenic mouse lines have been generated to obtain astrocyte-specific expression of inducible Cre recombinase for functional studies;however,the expression patterns of inducible Cre recombinase in these lines have not been systematically characterized.We generated a new astrocyte-specific Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2)knock-in mouse line and compared the expression pattern of Cre recombinase between this and five widely-used transgenic lines(hGfap-CreER^(T2)from The Jackson Laboratory and The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center,Glast-CreER^(T2),Cx30-CreER^(T2),and Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2))by crossing with Ai14 mice,which express tdTomato fluorescence following Cre-mediated recombination.In adult Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2):Ai 14 transgenic mice,tdTomato was detected throughout the CNS,and five novel morphologicallydefined types of astrocyte were described.Among the six evaluated lines,the specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was highest when driven by Aldh1 l1 and lowest when driven by hGfap;in the latter mice,co-staining between tdTomato and NeuN was observed in the hippocampus and cortex.Notably,evident leakage was noted in Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2)mice,and the expression level of tdTomato was low in the thalamus when Cre recombinase expression was driven by Glast and in the capsular part of the central amygdaloid nucleus when driven by Cx30.Furthermore,tdTomato was clearly expressed in peripheral organs in four of the lines.Our results emphasize that the astrocyte-specific CreER^(T2)transgenic lines used in functional studies should be carefully selected.展开更多
Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)contain evidence-based and economically reasonable medical treatment processes.Executable medical treatment processes in healthcare information systems can assist the treatment proces...Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)contain evidence-based and economically reasonable medical treatment processes.Executable medical treatment processes in healthcare information systems can assist the treatment processes.To this end,business process modeling technologies have been exploited to model medical treatment processes.However,medical treatment processes are usually flexible and knowledge-intensive.To reduce the effort in modeling,we summarize several treatment patterns(i.e.,frequent behaviors in medical treatment processes in CPGs),and represent them by three process modeling languages(i.e.,BPMN,DMN,and CMMN).Based on the summarized treatment patterns,we propose a pattern-based integrated framework for modeling medical treatment processes.A modeling platform is implemented to support the use of treatment patterns,by which the feasibility of our approach is validated.An empirical analysis is discussed based on the coverage rates of treatment patterns.Feedback from interviewed physicians in a Chinese hospital shows that executable medical treatment processes of CPGs provide a convenient way to obtain guidance,thus assisting daily work for medical workers.展开更多
Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nut...Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, diet quality, and health parameters of those consuming various grain food patterns to those not consuming grains. Methods: This study conducted secondary analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. Cluster analysis was used and identified 8 grain patterns: 1) no consumption of main grain groups, 2) crackers and salty snacks, 3) yeast breads and rolls, 4) cakes, cookies, and pies, 5) cereals, 6) pasta, cooked cereals and rice, 7) quick breads, and 8) mixed grains. Results: Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” had a better diet quality compared to no grains. Consuming many, but not all, of the grain food patterns resulted in less saturated fat and lower added sugars. Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” and “quick breads” had greater dietary fiber intake vs. no grains group. Calcium intake was increased in the cereals group, while magnesium intake was greater in adults consuming “cereals” and “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” vs. no grains. Vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake was higher in adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” vs. no grain group. Adults consuming “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” had lower body weights (79.1 ± 0.7 vs. 82.5 ± 1.2 kg;P = 0.009) and waist circumference (95.2 ± 0.6 vs. 98.2 ± 1.0 cm;P = 0.004) in comparison to those consuming no grains. Conclusions: Certain grain food patterns are associated with greater 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, better diet quality and lower body weights in adults. Additionally, certain grain food patterns are associated with lower intake of nutrients to limit, including saturated fat and added sugars.展开更多
The "Hu Line" has been regarded as one of the greatest geographical discoveries in China because it reveals the significant spatial relationship between human activity and natural environment. The spatial ev...The "Hu Line" has been regarded as one of the greatest geographical discoveries in China because it reveals the significant spatial relationship between human activity and natural environment. The spatial evolution of population on both sides of the "Hu Line" has had important implications for both urbanization and regional development and has attracted widespread attention during the dramatic economic and social changes since the implementation of reform and opening-up policy in China in 1978. Using Geographical Information System(GIS) techniques, this paper studied the stability of the "Hu Line" and the spatial patterns of population growth on each side by constructing a spatial database of China's census data from 1982 to 2010. The findings are as follows:(1) In the last 30 years, the "Hu Line" has remained relatively stable, but a new tendency of population change has begun to emerge. The population ratio either side, namely, the southeast half(SEH) and the northwest half(NWH), of the "Hu Line" remains at roughly 94:6(SHE : NWH). Noteworthy, the proportion of population in the SEH of the "Hu Line" has been decreasing slightly, while that in the NWH has been increasing slightly, as the latter has benefited from its higher rate of natural population growth.(2) The spatial patterns of population growth on both sides of the "Hu Line" were quite different. The degree of population concentration in the SEH increased faster than the NWH. Regions with a negative population growth rate have rapidly expanded; these were mainly located in the south of the "Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River belt" and northeastern China. Meanwhile, regions with a fast population growth rate were mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area. Thus, the spatial pattern of population growth in the SEH presented a concentration pattern that could be called "Matthew effect pattern".(3) The spatial pattern of population growth in the NWH could be regarded as the "Relative Balance pattern." In the NWH, the population growth rate was positive and the degree of population concentration was very low. There were many minority populations located in the NWH that usually lived in a dispersed pattern but had a higher rate of natural population growth due to the preferential population policy. There were also some regions with a negative rate of population growth in the NWH, which were mainly located close to the "Hu Line" and the Ancient Silk Road.(4) In the future, the spatial patterns of population growth on both sides of the "Hu Line" may continue to evolve. For the SEH, the capacity to attract more people to small and medium-sized cities and towns should be enhanced. For the NWH, the emphasis should be placed on promoting urbanization and enhancing population agglomeration in its major cities.展开更多
【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1 The control mechanisms of topography on alpine treeline pattern are critical to understanding treeline dynamics and future changes. These mechanisms have not been understood quite wel...【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1 The control mechanisms of topography on alpine treeline pattern are critical to understanding treeline dynamics and future changes. These mechanisms have not been understood quite well enough because of increasing human disturbance and low data resolution. In this study, the relationship between the treeline pattern and topography was analyzed based on high spatial resolution remote sensing data and a digital elevation model in an area in Changbai Mountain with little human disturbance. Future treeline patterns were also predicted. The results showed that （a） aspects with high solar radiation and low snow cover have a high coverage rate of trees, （b） the peak coverage rate of trees switches from low slopes （〈5°） to medium slopes （5°~25°） as the elevation rises because of the extreme environment, （c） the coverage rate of trees is a function that depends on environmental factors controlled by topography, （d） the future treeline pattern is controlled by new temperature mechanisms, new environmental factors and the reallocation effect of topography. Our research implies that topography controls the treeline pattern and changes in the treeline pattern associated with global warming, due to the effect of global warming on environmental factors. This study may well explain the causes of heterogeneous changes in the treeline pattern in the horizontal direction as well as differences in treeline response to climate warming.展开更多
Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guang...Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.展开更多
Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examine...Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.展开更多
基金the Ministry of Environment Forest and Climate Change and GB Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment for providing financial assistance through the National Mission on Himalayan Studies (GAP-0199)
文摘Treelines are ecologically unique,fragile,and rich in natural resources.They harbour high species diversity and at the same time are under threat due to anthropogenic activities.Recognizing this,the present study has been framed to document the patterns of species richness and diversity in the state of Himachal Pradesh,western Himalaya.A total of six treeline sites(three disturbed and three undisturbed)were identified for vegetation sampling.Trees,shrubs,and herbs were sampled at each site using nested plots of 10 m^(2),5 m^(2),and 1 m^(2),respectively.The study exhibits the rich diversity of treeline communities,the patterns of which varied between treeline sites.Altogether,221 species of vascular plants belonging to 47 families and 140 genera were recorded from the area.Amongst families,Asteraceae was the dominant family followed by Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae.The study also revealed the presence of threatened species like Aconitum heterophyllum,Angelica glauca,Bergenia stracheyi,Dactylorhiza hatagirea,Picrorhiza kurroa,and Trillium govanianum etc.at treeline.Moreover,species composition revealed high densities of Betula utilis followed by the under canopy of Rhododendron campanulatum and R.anthopogon at treeline sites.Overall,species richness of herbs,shrubs,and trees were higher at undisturbed site as compared to disturbed one.The diversity indices of herbs and shrubs varied significantly between treeline sites while that of trees was non-significant.At the same time,soil properties showed distinct patterns wherein pH and available nitrogen significantly varied between treeline sites.Present study provides detailed insights into the floristic and ecological aspects of treeline communities from the unexplored ecoregion of western Himalaya.The treelines in the area are anthropogenically depressed and continued land-use activities might result in habitat fragmentation and displacement of plant communities in the near future.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province (2022ZX02C13)。
文摘Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42171085)and the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF1307801,2024YFF1307804).
文摘Integrated environmental management is important for sustainable development.Under China’s“Three Lines One Permit”(TLOP)policy,three types of management zones—priority protection,critical control,and general control zones—are established based on the ecological red line,the lower-limit line for environmental quality,and the resource use line.Human activities are regulated through a permit system.Integrated and multifactorial protection of soil,plant,hydrological,and atmospheric elements is promoted at the regional level.A follow-up assessment contributes to the improvement of policy implementation and effectiveness.This study demonstrates the achievements of the TLOP policy in Sichuan Province.Results show that(1)276 protection zones have been established under the ecological red line,covering key ecosystems and protected areas to ensure environmental security.Under the lower-limit line,1,626 functional(priority,key,and general control)zones have been designated to regulate air,water,and soil quality,enhancing environmental capacity and pollution control.(2)Through the integration and merging of the three lines,1,128 integrated management zones have been established,including 375,625,and 128 priority protection,critical control,and general control zones,respectively.Each zone has its own list of environmental permits to regulate human activities according to different environmental protection and natural resource development regimes.(3)The design of the follow-up assessment index system was informed by regional primary functions and industrial structure.The index system for provinces and cities is structured around three primary indicators—implementation updating,application,and guarantees—and 15 secondary indicators.The system for critical control zones is structured around environmental access,management,and effectiveness and 14 secondary indicators.A stringent environmental zoning system has been established through the TLOP policy,thereby safeguarding environmental security,promoting harmonious existence between humans and nature,and supporting the vision of Beautiful China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4501200),National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332018)Science and Technology Program(2024NSFTD0031,2024YFHZ0339 and 2025ZNSFSC0497).
文摘The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971256)。
文摘Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.India,under grant No.BT/Coord.II/10/02/2016/22.03.2018the Indian Council of Social Science Research,New Delhi,India,for providing a short-term doctoral fellowship(RFD/Short-Term/2022-23/ENV/ST/66).
文摘Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.
文摘Modern manufacturing processes have become more reliant on automation because of the accelerated transition from Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0.Manual inspection of products on assembly lines remains inefficient,prone to errors and lacks consistency,emphasizing the need for a reliable and automated inspection system.Leveraging both object detection and image segmentation approaches,this research proposes a vision-based solution for the detection of various kinds of tools in the toolkit using deep learning(DL)models.Two Intel RealSense D455f depth cameras were arranged in a top down configuration to capture both RGB and depth images of the toolkits.After applying multiple constraints and enhancing them through preprocessing and augmentation,a dataset consisting of 3300 annotated RGB-D photos was generated.Several DL models were selected through a comprehensive assessment of mean Average Precision(mAP),precision-recall equilibrium,inference latency(target≥30 FPS),and computational burden,resulting in a preference for YOLO and Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks(R-CNN)variants over ViT-based models due to the latter’s increased latency and resource requirements.YOLOV5,YOLOV8,YOLOV11,Faster R-CNN,and Mask R-CNN were trained on the annotated dataset and evaluated using key performance metrics(Recall,Accuracy,F1-score,and Precision).YOLOV11 demonstrated balanced excellence with 93.0%precision,89.9%recall,and a 90.6%F1-score in object detection,as well as 96.9%precision,95.3%recall,and a 96.5%F1-score in instance segmentation with an average inference time of 25 ms per frame(≈40 FPS),demonstrating real-time performance.Leveraging these results,a YOLOV11-based windows application was successfully deployed in a real-time assembly line environment,where it accurately processed live video streams to detect and segment tools within toolkits,demonstrating its practical effectiveness in industrial automation.The application is capable of precisely measuring socket dimensions by utilising edge detection techniques on YOLOv11 segmentation masks,in addition to detection and segmentation.This makes it possible to do specification-level quality control right on the assembly line,which improves the ability to examine things in real time.The implementation is a big step forward for intelligent manufacturing in the Industry 4.0 paradigm.It provides a scalable,efficient,and accurate way to do automated inspection and dimensional verification activities.
基金supported by the NSFC(12471236)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan,No.2024A04J6245)Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2025A1515011868)。
文摘This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of high-order vector rogue wave(RW)solutions for any multi-component nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation(denoted as n-NLSE)with multiple internal large parameters.We report some novel RW patterns,including nonmultiple root(NMR)-type patterns with distinct shapes such as semicircular sector,acute sector,pseudo-hexagram,and pseudo-rhombus shapes,as well as multiple root(MR)-type patterns characterized by right double-arrow and right arrow shapes.We demonstrate that these RW patterns are intrinsically related to the root structures of a novel class of polynomials,termed generalized mixed Adler-Moser(GMAM)polynomials,which feature multiple arbitrary free parameters.The RW patterns can be interpreted as straightforward expansions and slight shifts of the root structures for the GMAM polynomials to some extent.In the(x,t)-plane,they asymptotically converge to a first-order RW at the location corresponding to each simple root of the polynomials and to a lower-order RW at the location associated with each multiple root.Notably,the position of the lower-order RW within these patterns can be flexibly adjusted to any desired location in the(x,t)-plane by tuning the free parameters of the corresponding GMAM polynomials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Youth Project(Grant No.52204087)Additional support was provided by the Science and Technology Research Program of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJQN202200746).
文摘This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques.Specifically,the research examines the shale gas gathering and transmission trunk line project in the Weiyuan and Luzhou blocks.To gain deeper insights into dust migration patterns,numerical simulations were conducted.The study further analyzed dust migration behavior in small-section tunnels and large steep-sloped shafts,taking into account various factors such as ventilation distance,tunnel slope,and section size.The results indicate that optimal ventilation occurs at distances of 15 and 13 m.Additionally,dust concentration was notably lower when the tunnel slope was 0°,suggesting that a flat slope is more advantageous for construction projects where the outlet wind speed remains constant.Moreover,as the tunnel’s cross-sectional size increases,dust concentration decreases significantly,further underscoring the benefits of larger tunnel sections in mitigating dust accumulation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China"Key technologies for system stability and HVDC transmission of large-scale renewable energy generation base without conventional power support(2022YFB2402700)"the project of the State Grid Corporation of China(52272222001J).
文摘In wind and solar renewable-dominant hybrid alternating current/direct current(AC/DC)power systems,the active power of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)system is significantly limited by the security and stability events caused by cascading failures.To identify critical lines in cascading failures,a rapid risk assessment method is proposed based on the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)and frequent pat-tern growth(FP-Growth)algorithms.First,security and stability events triggered by cascading failures are analyzed to explain the impact of cascading failures on the maximum DC power.Then,a cascading failure risk index is defined,focusing on the DC power being limited.To handle the strong nonlinear relationship between the maximum DC power and cascading failures,a GBDT with an update strategy is utilized to rapidly predict the maximum DC power under uncertain operating conditions.Finally,the FP-Growth algorithm is improved to mine frequent patterns in cascading failures.The importance index for each fault in a frequent pattern is defined by evaluating its impact on cascading failures,enabling the identification of critical lines.Simulation results of a modified Ningxia–Shandong hybrid AC/DC system in China demonstrate that the proposed method can rapidly assess the risk of cascading failures and effectively identify critical lines.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31430032,31830033,81971080,and 81671356)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in University(IRT_16R37)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(20188030334001)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(201707020027,201704020116)。
文摘Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the central nervous system(CNS).They provide trophic support for neurons,modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity,and contribute to neuronal dysfunction.Many transgenic mouse lines have been generated to obtain astrocyte-specific expression of inducible Cre recombinase for functional studies;however,the expression patterns of inducible Cre recombinase in these lines have not been systematically characterized.We generated a new astrocyte-specific Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2)knock-in mouse line and compared the expression pattern of Cre recombinase between this and five widely-used transgenic lines(hGfap-CreER^(T2)from The Jackson Laboratory and The Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center,Glast-CreER^(T2),Cx30-CreER^(T2),and Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2))by crossing with Ai14 mice,which express tdTomato fluorescence following Cre-mediated recombination.In adult Aldh1 l1-CreER^(T2):Ai 14 transgenic mice,tdTomato was detected throughout the CNS,and five novel morphologicallydefined types of astrocyte were described.Among the six evaluated lines,the specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was highest when driven by Aldh1 l1 and lowest when driven by hGfap;in the latter mice,co-staining between tdTomato and NeuN was observed in the hippocampus and cortex.Notably,evident leakage was noted in Fgfr3-iCreER^(T2)mice,and the expression level of tdTomato was low in the thalamus when Cre recombinase expression was driven by Glast and in the capsular part of the central amygdaloid nucleus when driven by Cx30.Furthermore,tdTomato was clearly expressed in peripheral organs in four of the lines.Our results emphasize that the astrocyte-specific CreER^(T2)transgenic lines used in functional studies should be carefully selected.
基金supported by Chinese National Key Research and Development Program(No.2017YFB1400604).
文摘Clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)contain evidence-based and economically reasonable medical treatment processes.Executable medical treatment processes in healthcare information systems can assist the treatment processes.To this end,business process modeling technologies have been exploited to model medical treatment processes.However,medical treatment processes are usually flexible and knowledge-intensive.To reduce the effort in modeling,we summarize several treatment patterns(i.e.,frequent behaviors in medical treatment processes in CPGs),and represent them by three process modeling languages(i.e.,BPMN,DMN,and CMMN).Based on the summarized treatment patterns,we propose a pattern-based integrated framework for modeling medical treatment processes.A modeling platform is implemented to support the use of treatment patterns,by which the feasibility of our approach is validated.An empirical analysis is discussed based on the coverage rates of treatment patterns.Feedback from interviewed physicians in a Chinese hospital shows that executable medical treatment processes of CPGs provide a convenient way to obtain guidance,thus assisting daily work for medical workers.
文摘Objective: The goal of this study was to identify commonly consumed grain food patterns in US adults (≥19 years old;N = 14,384) and compare nutrient intakes, with focus on 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, diet quality, and health parameters of those consuming various grain food patterns to those not consuming grains. Methods: This study conducted secondary analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2010. Cluster analysis was used and identified 8 grain patterns: 1) no consumption of main grain groups, 2) crackers and salty snacks, 3) yeast breads and rolls, 4) cakes, cookies, and pies, 5) cereals, 6) pasta, cooked cereals and rice, 7) quick breads, and 8) mixed grains. Results: Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” had a better diet quality compared to no grains. Consuming many, but not all, of the grain food patterns resulted in less saturated fat and lower added sugars. Adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” and “quick breads” had greater dietary fiber intake vs. no grains group. Calcium intake was increased in the cereals group, while magnesium intake was greater in adults consuming “cereals” and “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” vs. no grains. Vitamin D (D2 + D3) intake was higher in adults consuming “cereals”, “pasta, cooked cereals and rice”, and “mixed grains” vs. no grain group. Adults consuming “pasta, cooked cereals and rice” had lower body weights (79.1 ± 0.7 vs. 82.5 ± 1.2 kg;P = 0.009) and waist circumference (95.2 ± 0.6 vs. 98.2 ± 1.0 cm;P = 0.004) in comparison to those consuming no grains. Conclusions: Certain grain food patterns are associated with greater 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines’ shortfall nutrients, better diet quality and lower body weights in adults. Additionally, certain grain food patterns are associated with lower intake of nutrients to limit, including saturated fat and added sugars.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41271174Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.71433008
文摘The "Hu Line" has been regarded as one of the greatest geographical discoveries in China because it reveals the significant spatial relationship between human activity and natural environment. The spatial evolution of population on both sides of the "Hu Line" has had important implications for both urbanization and regional development and has attracted widespread attention during the dramatic economic and social changes since the implementation of reform and opening-up policy in China in 1978. Using Geographical Information System(GIS) techniques, this paper studied the stability of the "Hu Line" and the spatial patterns of population growth on each side by constructing a spatial database of China's census data from 1982 to 2010. The findings are as follows:(1) In the last 30 years, the "Hu Line" has remained relatively stable, but a new tendency of population change has begun to emerge. The population ratio either side, namely, the southeast half(SEH) and the northwest half(NWH), of the "Hu Line" remains at roughly 94:6(SHE : NWH). Noteworthy, the proportion of population in the SEH of the "Hu Line" has been decreasing slightly, while that in the NWH has been increasing slightly, as the latter has benefited from its higher rate of natural population growth.(2) The spatial patterns of population growth on both sides of the "Hu Line" were quite different. The degree of population concentration in the SEH increased faster than the NWH. Regions with a negative population growth rate have rapidly expanded; these were mainly located in the south of the "Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River belt" and northeastern China. Meanwhile, regions with a fast population growth rate were mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area. Thus, the spatial pattern of population growth in the SEH presented a concentration pattern that could be called "Matthew effect pattern".(3) The spatial pattern of population growth in the NWH could be regarded as the "Relative Balance pattern." In the NWH, the population growth rate was positive and the degree of population concentration was very low. There were many minority populations located in the NWH that usually lived in a dispersed pattern but had a higher rate of natural population growth due to the preferential population policy. There were also some regions with a negative rate of population growth in the NWH, which were mainly located close to the "Hu Line" and the Ancient Silk Road.(4) In the future, the spatial patterns of population growth on both sides of the "Hu Line" may continue to evolve. For the SEH, the capacity to attract more people to small and medium-sized cities and towns should be enhanced. For the NWH, the emphasis should be placed on promoting urbanization and enhancing population agglomeration in its major cities.
基金supported by the Special Fund of National Seismological Bureau, China (Grant No. 201208005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41171072)the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB426305)
文摘【Title】【Author】【Addresses】1 The control mechanisms of topography on alpine treeline pattern are critical to understanding treeline dynamics and future changes. These mechanisms have not been understood quite well enough because of increasing human disturbance and low data resolution. In this study, the relationship between the treeline pattern and topography was analyzed based on high spatial resolution remote sensing data and a digital elevation model in an area in Changbai Mountain with little human disturbance. Future treeline patterns were also predicted. The results showed that （a） aspects with high solar radiation and low snow cover have a high coverage rate of trees, （b） the peak coverage rate of trees switches from low slopes （〈5°） to medium slopes （5°~25°） as the elevation rises because of the extreme environment, （c） the coverage rate of trees is a function that depends on environmental factors controlled by topography, （d） the future treeline pattern is controlled by new temperature mechanisms, new environmental factors and the reallocation effect of topography. Our research implies that topography controls the treeline pattern and changes in the treeline pattern associated with global warming, due to the effect of global warming on environmental factors. This study may well explain the causes of heterogeneous changes in the treeline pattern in the horizontal direction as well as differences in treeline response to climate warming.
基金National Social Science Foundation Program,No.22VRC163National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42061043+1 种基金Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX24_1008Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.YCSW2024473。
文摘Clarifying the mechanisms that control the evolution of territorial space patterns is essential for regulating and optimizing the geographical structure and processes related to sustainable development.Using the Guangdong and Guangxi sections of the Pearl River Basin as examples,the transfer-matrix method and standard deviation ellipse model were applied to characterize the evolution of territorial space patterns from 1990 to 2020.A trend surface analysis and the Theil index were used to analyze regional differences in the evolution process,and geodetectors were used to identify the underlying mechanisms of the changes.There were three key results.(1)In these critical areas of the Pearl River Basin,agricultural and ecological spaces have rapidly declined due to urban expansion,with transfers between these spaces dominating the evolution of territorial space patterns.Spatial pattern changes in the Guangdong section were more intense than in the Guangxi section.(2)Regional differences in urban space have decreased,whereas differences in agricultural and ecological spaces have intensified.Driven by socio-economic growth,the cross-regional transfers of territorial space have created a“high in the east,while low in the west”inter-regional difference,and a“high in the south,while low in the north”intra-regional difference shaped by natural conditions.The regional differences in space patterns were greater in Guangdong than in Guangxi.(3)The evolution of watershed territorial space patterns resulted from scale changes,locational shifts,structural reorganizations,and directional changes driven by multiple factors.Natural environment,social life,economic development,and policy factors played foundational,leading,key driving,and guiding roles,respectively.Additionally,the regional differences in the evolution of watershed territorial space patterns originated from the differential transmission of the influence of various factors affecting spatial evolution.Enhancing urban space efficiency,restructuring agricultural space,and optimizing ecological space are key strategies for building a complementary and synergistic territorial space pattern in the basin.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research project (No.2020B0301030004)the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No.2020B1111360003)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42105103)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2022A1515011554).
文摘Objective weather classification methods have been extensively applied to identify dominant ozone-favorable synoptic weather patterns(SWPs),however,the consistency of different classification methods is rarely examined.In this study,we apply two widely-used objective methods,the self-organizing map(SOM)and K-means clustering analysis,to derive ozone-favorable SWPs at four Chinese megacities in 2015-2022.We find that the two algorithms are largely consistent in recognizing dominant ozone-favorable SWPs for four Chinese megacities.In the case of classifying six SWPs,the derived circulation fields are highly similar with a spatial correlation of 0.99 between the two methods,and the difference in themean frequency of each SWP is less than 7%.The six dominant ozone-favorable SWPs in Guangzhou are all characterized by anomaly higher radiation and temperature,lower cloud cover,relative humidity,and wind speed,and stronger subsidence compared to climatology mean.We find that during 2015-2022,the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs days increases significantly at a rate of 3.2 days/year,faster than the increases in the ozone exceedance days(3.0 days/year).The interannual variability between the occurrence of ozone-favorable SWPs and ozone exceedance days are generally consistent with a temporal correlation coefficient of 0.6.In particular,the significant increase in ozone-favorable SWPs in 2022,especially the Subtropical High type which typically occurs in September,is consistent with a long-lasting ozone pollution episode in Guangzhou during September 2022.Our results thus reveal that enhanced frequency of ozone-favorable SWPs plays an important role in the observed 2015-2022 ozone increase in Guangzhou.
