Macaques,particularly rhesus(Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus(M.fascicularis) monkeys,are widely utilized in biomedical and toxicological research.Despite their critical role,effective vaccines against many viral pathog...Macaques,particularly rhesus(Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus(M.fascicularis) monkeys,are widely utilized in biomedical and toxicological research.Despite their critical role,effective vaccines against many viral pathogens affecting these primates remain limited,and vaccination is generally avoided in experimental populations to prevent potential confounding outcomes.Consequently,maintaining viral control within macaque colonies depends on stringent surveillance,systematic diagnostic testing,and rigorously enforced quarantine protocols.Accurate and early detection of viral infections is therefore essential for colony management and research integrity.This review synthesizes current knowledge on 10major viruses affecting macaque colonies,outlining their biological characteristics and diagnostic methodologies,and further assesses recent technological advances in viral detection.Drawing upon five years of surveillance data collected by VRL-Asia from breeding facilities across China,this review highlights the prevalence patterns of viral infections among breeding macaques and identifies critical epidemiological trends.These insights provide a valuable reference for researchers,veterinarians,and laboratory personnel seeking to strengthen biosecurity frameworks and ensure the reliability of research involving macaques.展开更多
AIM: To study the effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on systemic hypotension and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock (ES) rats. METHODS: The changes of blood pressure wer...AIM: To study the effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on systemic hypotension and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock (ES) rats. METHODS: The changes of blood pressure were observed using physiological record instrument in four groups of rats: LPS (8mg.kg(-1),iv) induced ES; CCK-8 (40 microg.kg(-1), iv) pretreatment 10 min before LPS (8mg.kg(-1)); CCK-8 (40 micro.kg(-1), iv) or normal saline (control) groups. Differences in tissue and circulating specificity of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) were assayed with ELISA kits. RESULTS: CCK-8 reversed LPS-induced decrease of mean artery blood pressure (MABP) in rats. Compared with control, LPS elevated the serum level of IL-6 significantly (3567 +/- 687 ng.L(-1) vs 128 +/- 22 ng.L(-1), P【0.01), while contents of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta elevated significantly (277 +/- 86 ng.L(-1) vs not detectable and 43 +/- 9 ng.L(-1) vsnot detectable, P【0.01) but less extent than IL-6. CCK-8 significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in serum TNF-alpha IL-1beta and IL-6. LPS elevated spleen and lung content of IL-1beta significantly (5184 +/- 85 ng.L(-1) vs 1047 +/- 21 ng.L(-1) and 4050 +/- 614 ng.L(-1) vs not detectable, P【0.01), while levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 also rose significantly but in less extent than IL-1beta. CCK-8 inhibited the LPS-induced increase of the cytokines in spleen and lung. In the heart, CCK-8 significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase of TNF-alpha (864 +/- 123 ng.L(-1) in CCK-8+LPS group vs 1599 +/- 227 ng.L(-1) in LPS group, P 【 0.01), and IL-1beta (282 +/- 93 ng.L(-1) in CCK-8+LPS group vs 621 +/- 145ng.L(-1) in LPS group, P 【 0.01). CONCLUSION: CCK-8 reverses ES, which may be related to its inhibitory effect on the overproduction of cytokines.展开更多
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research Scholarship fund of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (FOSA2212023 to R.R.)Research Development Fund of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (RDF-22-01-045) to Z.L.L.)。
文摘Macaques,particularly rhesus(Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus(M.fascicularis) monkeys,are widely utilized in biomedical and toxicological research.Despite their critical role,effective vaccines against many viral pathogens affecting these primates remain limited,and vaccination is generally avoided in experimental populations to prevent potential confounding outcomes.Consequently,maintaining viral control within macaque colonies depends on stringent surveillance,systematic diagnostic testing,and rigorously enforced quarantine protocols.Accurate and early detection of viral infections is therefore essential for colony management and research integrity.This review synthesizes current knowledge on 10major viruses affecting macaque colonies,outlining their biological characteristics and diagnostic methodologies,and further assesses recent technological advances in viral detection.Drawing upon five years of surveillance data collected by VRL-Asia from breeding facilities across China,this review highlights the prevalence patterns of viral infections among breeding macaques and identifies critical epidemiological trends.These insights provide a valuable reference for researchers,veterinarians,and laboratory personnel seeking to strengthen biosecurity frameworks and ensure the reliability of research involving macaques.
文摘AIM: To study the effect of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on systemic hypotension and cytokine production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock (ES) rats. METHODS: The changes of blood pressure were observed using physiological record instrument in four groups of rats: LPS (8mg.kg(-1),iv) induced ES; CCK-8 (40 microg.kg(-1), iv) pretreatment 10 min before LPS (8mg.kg(-1)); CCK-8 (40 micro.kg(-1), iv) or normal saline (control) groups. Differences in tissue and circulating specificity of the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6) were assayed with ELISA kits. RESULTS: CCK-8 reversed LPS-induced decrease of mean artery blood pressure (MABP) in rats. Compared with control, LPS elevated the serum level of IL-6 significantly (3567 +/- 687 ng.L(-1) vs 128 +/- 22 ng.L(-1), P【0.01), while contents of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta elevated significantly (277 +/- 86 ng.L(-1) vs not detectable and 43 +/- 9 ng.L(-1) vsnot detectable, P【0.01) but less extent than IL-6. CCK-8 significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in serum TNF-alpha IL-1beta and IL-6. LPS elevated spleen and lung content of IL-1beta significantly (5184 +/- 85 ng.L(-1) vs 1047 +/- 21 ng.L(-1) and 4050 +/- 614 ng.L(-1) vs not detectable, P【0.01), while levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 also rose significantly but in less extent than IL-1beta. CCK-8 inhibited the LPS-induced increase of the cytokines in spleen and lung. In the heart, CCK-8 significantly inhibited LPS-induced increase of TNF-alpha (864 +/- 123 ng.L(-1) in CCK-8+LPS group vs 1599 +/- 227 ng.L(-1) in LPS group, P 【 0.01), and IL-1beta (282 +/- 93 ng.L(-1) in CCK-8+LPS group vs 621 +/- 145ng.L(-1) in LPS group, P 【 0.01). CONCLUSION: CCK-8 reverses ES, which may be related to its inhibitory effect on the overproduction of cytokines.
