AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years ...AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years with ACDR from anticonvulsants were patch tested 3-27 mo after complete recovery using carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and sodium valproate in 10%, 20% and 30% conc. in pet. after informed consent. Positive reactions persisting on D3 and D4 were considered significant. RESULTS Clinical patterns were exanthematous drug rash with or without systemic involvement(DRESS) in 18(75%), Stevens-Johnsons syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN) overlap and TEN in 2(8.3%) patients each, SJS and lichenoid drug eruption in 1(4.2%) patient each, respectively. The implicated drugs were phenytoin in 14(58.3%), carbamazepine in 9(37.5%), phenobarbitone in 2(8.3%), and lamotrigine in 1(4.7%) patients,respectively. Twelve(50%) patients elicited positive reactions to implicated drugs; carbamazepine in 6(50%), phenytoin alone in 4(33.3%), phenobarbitone alone in 1(8.3%), and both phenytoin and phenobarbitone in 1(8.33%) patients, respectively. Cross-reactions occurred in 11(92%) patients. Six patients with carbamazepine positive patch test reaction showed cross sensitivity with phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and/or lamotrigine. Three(75%) patients among positive phenytoin patch test reactions had cross reactions with phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and/or valproate. CONCLUSION Carbamazepine remains the commonest anticonvulsant causing ACDRs and cross-reactions with other anticonvulsants are possible. Drug patch testing appears useful in DRESS for drug imputability and cross-reactions established clinically.展开更多
The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant an...The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant and their surfactant complexes are evaluated.And the results show that trehalolipids have significant advantages in reducing surface tension,improving foam performance,and enhancing mildness.For mildness evaluation,multiple methods are employed in the study,including in vitro cell toxicity,inflammatory markers,colorimetric index of mildness CIM,and in vivo method of human skin patch test.The results show that the addition of trehalolipids increases IC50 and reduces the release of inflammatory markers of the binary surfactant system.However,the incorporation of trehalolipids has some negative effects on the skin’s lipid barrier function.Skin patch test results indicate that the addition of trehalolipids improves the mildness of surfactant system,particularly in sulfate-free system.Overall,trehalolipids,as nonionic surfactants,presents great potential to replace traditional surfactants in rinse off formulations with enhanced mildness and foam performance.展开更多
The interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP)strengthened repair material will affect the bonding strength and lead to failure of the repair without warning.Unfortunately the interfacial damage is normall...The interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP)strengthened repair material will affect the bonding strength and lead to failure of the repair without warning.Unfortunately the interfacial damage is normally invisible and often in the form of a patch rather than a through-width crack.Therefore,a debonding patch detection technique based on fiber optic interferometry is proposed.A quasi-impulse loading is applied with a rubberhead hammer and the total elongation of a surface-mounted optical fiber along the length of the repair material is measured as a function of load position.When a debonding patch is present,the induced sudden slope or sign change on the plot of fiber integral strain v.s.load position will reveal the extent and the location of the debonded area.The results of the study indicate that the proposed technique is applicable for debonding patch detection in repaired members under various support conditions.展开更多
结核病(tuberculosis,TB)流行病快速筛查常采用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(pure protein derivative,PPD)皮试,但特异性低,不良反应大。ESAT-6和CFP-10是结核分枝杆菌的分泌蛋白,但卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin,BCG)中缺失了相关基因。...结核病(tuberculosis,TB)流行病快速筛查常采用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(pure protein derivative,PPD)皮试,但特异性低,不良反应大。ESAT-6和CFP-10是结核分枝杆菌的分泌蛋白,但卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin,BCG)中缺失了相关基因。本研究表达纯化了结核分枝杆菌的分泌蛋白ESAT6和CFP10的融合蛋白(ESAT6 and CFP10 fusion protein,EC),并制备成其壳聚糖纳米粒(ESAT6 and CFP10 fusion protein nanoparticals,EC-NPs),进一步制备成透明质酸可溶性微针贴片(microneedle patch,MNP)。MNP-EC-NPs载药量达到每针0.03μg,每片可达到1.92μg,常温下保存期可达6个月,可有效透过表皮。志愿者皮试结果显示MNP-EC-NPs可有效区分BCG接种者,在结核病患者皮肤有效显示阳性反应,无显著不良反应,实验经武汉市肺科医院伦理委员会批准[武肺伦理2022(2)]。本研究建立了一种结核病皮试方法,采用ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白替代PPD,并采用可溶性微针剂型,提高了结核病皮试诊断的特异性,为结核流行病筛查提供了新的技术方案。展开更多
文摘AIM To evaluate the utility of patch test and cross-sensitivity patterns in patients with adverse cutaneous drug reactions(ACDR) from common anticonvulsants. METHODS Twenty-four(M:F = 13:11) patients aged 18-75 years with ACDR from anticonvulsants were patch tested 3-27 mo after complete recovery using carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and sodium valproate in 10%, 20% and 30% conc. in pet. after informed consent. Positive reactions persisting on D3 and D4 were considered significant. RESULTS Clinical patterns were exanthematous drug rash with or without systemic involvement(DRESS) in 18(75%), Stevens-Johnsons syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis(SJS/TEN) overlap and TEN in 2(8.3%) patients each, SJS and lichenoid drug eruption in 1(4.2%) patient each, respectively. The implicated drugs were phenytoin in 14(58.3%), carbamazepine in 9(37.5%), phenobarbitone in 2(8.3%), and lamotrigine in 1(4.7%) patients,respectively. Twelve(50%) patients elicited positive reactions to implicated drugs; carbamazepine in 6(50%), phenytoin alone in 4(33.3%), phenobarbitone alone in 1(8.3%), and both phenytoin and phenobarbitone in 1(8.33%) patients, respectively. Cross-reactions occurred in 11(92%) patients. Six patients with carbamazepine positive patch test reaction showed cross sensitivity with phenobarbitone, sodium valproate and/or lamotrigine. Three(75%) patients among positive phenytoin patch test reactions had cross reactions with phenobarbitone, lamotrigine, and/or valproate. CONCLUSION Carbamazepine remains the commonest anticonvulsant causing ACDRs and cross-reactions with other anticonvulsants are possible. Drug patch testing appears useful in DRESS for drug imputability and cross-reactions established clinically.
文摘The paper investigates the foaming and mildness properties of trehalolipids surfactant in rinse-off formulations,comparing it with the traditional nonionic surfactant alkyl-polyglycolide(APG).Both single surfactant and their surfactant complexes are evaluated.And the results show that trehalolipids have significant advantages in reducing surface tension,improving foam performance,and enhancing mildness.For mildness evaluation,multiple methods are employed in the study,including in vitro cell toxicity,inflammatory markers,colorimetric index of mildness CIM,and in vivo method of human skin patch test.The results show that the addition of trehalolipids increases IC50 and reduces the release of inflammatory markers of the binary surfactant system.However,the incorporation of trehalolipids has some negative effects on the skin’s lipid barrier function.Skin patch test results indicate that the addition of trehalolipids improves the mildness of surfactant system,particularly in sulfate-free system.Overall,trehalolipids,as nonionic surfactants,presents great potential to replace traditional surfactants in rinse off formulations with enhanced mildness and foam performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51278156)the Basic Project of Shenzhen Science & Technology Program(No.JCYJ2017030155815876)
文摘The interfacial debonding in fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP)strengthened repair material will affect the bonding strength and lead to failure of the repair without warning.Unfortunately the interfacial damage is normally invisible and often in the form of a patch rather than a through-width crack.Therefore,a debonding patch detection technique based on fiber optic interferometry is proposed.A quasi-impulse loading is applied with a rubberhead hammer and the total elongation of a surface-mounted optical fiber along the length of the repair material is measured as a function of load position.When a debonding patch is present,the induced sudden slope or sign change on the plot of fiber integral strain v.s.load position will reveal the extent and the location of the debonded area.The results of the study indicate that the proposed technique is applicable for debonding patch detection in repaired members under various support conditions.
文摘结核病(tuberculosis,TB)流行病快速筛查常采用结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(pure protein derivative,PPD)皮试,但特异性低,不良反应大。ESAT-6和CFP-10是结核分枝杆菌的分泌蛋白,但卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guerin,BCG)中缺失了相关基因。本研究表达纯化了结核分枝杆菌的分泌蛋白ESAT6和CFP10的融合蛋白(ESAT6 and CFP10 fusion protein,EC),并制备成其壳聚糖纳米粒(ESAT6 and CFP10 fusion protein nanoparticals,EC-NPs),进一步制备成透明质酸可溶性微针贴片(microneedle patch,MNP)。MNP-EC-NPs载药量达到每针0.03μg,每片可达到1.92μg,常温下保存期可达6个月,可有效透过表皮。志愿者皮试结果显示MNP-EC-NPs可有效区分BCG接种者,在结核病患者皮肤有效显示阳性反应,无显著不良反应,实验经武汉市肺科医院伦理委员会批准[武肺伦理2022(2)]。本研究建立了一种结核病皮试方法,采用ESAT6-CFP10融合蛋白替代PPD,并采用可溶性微针剂型,提高了结核病皮试诊断的特异性,为结核流行病筛查提供了新的技术方案。
