In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed t...In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in kids.Serum samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth month.The kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV challenge.Similarly,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active challenge.Therefore,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed goats.This could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.展开更多
Background The objective was to characterize the colostrum proteome of primiparous Holstein cows in association with immunoglobulin G(IgG)content.Immediately after calving,colostrum samples were collected from 18 cows...Background The objective was to characterize the colostrum proteome of primiparous Holstein cows in association with immunoglobulin G(IgG)content.Immediately after calving,colostrum samples were collected from 18 cows to measure IgG concentration.Based on colostrum IgG content,samples were classified through cluster analysis and were identified as poor,average,and excellent quality.The proteome was assessed with quantitative shotgun proteomics;abundance data were compared among the colostrum types;enrichment analysis of metabolic processes and proteins classes was performed as well.We also tested correlations between this proteome and blood globulin level of cows and passive immunity level of calves.Results On average,428 proteins were identified per sample,which belonged mainly to cellular process,biological regulation,response to stimulus,metabolic process,and immune system process.Most abundant proteins were complement C3(Q2UVX4),alpha-S1-casein(P02662),Ig-like domain-containing protein(A0A3Q1M032),albumin(A0A140T897),polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(P81265),lactotransferrrin(P24627),and IGHG1*01(X167014).Colostrum of excellent quality had greater(P<0.05)abundance of serpin A3-7(A2I7N3),complement factorl(A0A3Q1 MIF4),lipocalin/cytosolic fatty-acid binding domain-containing protein(A0A3Q1 MRQ2),complement C3(E1B805),complement component 4 binding protein alpha(A0AAF6ZHP5),and complement component C6(F1MM86).However,colostrum of excellent quality had lower(P<0.05)abundance of HGF activator(E1BCW0),alpha-S1-casein(P02662),and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase(P80457).This resulted in enrichment of the biological processes predominantly for complement activation alternative pathway,complement activation,complement activation classical pathway,humoral immune response,leukocyte mediated immunity,and negative regulation of endopeptidase activity in excellent-quality colostrum.Additionally,some colostrum proteins were found to be correlated with the blood globulin level of cows and with the passive immunity level of calves(P<0.05;r≥0.57).Conclusions This study provides new insights into the bovine colostrum proteome,demonstrating associations between IgG levels and the abundance of other proteins,as well as the enrichment of metabolic processes related to innate immune response.Thus,results suggest that the colostrum proteomic profile is associated with the content of IgG.Future research should deeply explore the association of these findings with pre-calving nutrition status and blood composition of the cow,and with passive immunity transfer to the calf.展开更多
AIM To investigate whether gut maturation could be induced precociously in an athymic T-cell deficient neonatal rat model.METHODS Fourteen day-old athymic(nude) rats(NIH-Foxn 1 rnu) were gavaged with either phytohaema...AIM To investigate whether gut maturation could be induced precociously in an athymic T-cell deficient neonatal rat model.METHODS Fourteen day-old athymic(nude) rats(NIH-Foxn 1 rnu) were gavaged with either phytohaemagglutinin-a lectin from red kidney beans(PHA); trypsin-a protease(Prot); or water-vehicle(control) as a single dose on one day or once a day for 3-day. The nude rats were either nurtured by their mothers or cross-fostered by conventional foster dams of the Sprague-Dawley strain from days 3-5 after birth. At 17 d of age, 72 h after administration of the first treatment, intestinal macromolecular permeability was tested in vivo, prior to euthanasia, after which blood and gut organs were sampled.RESULTS Provocation with both, PHA and protease, resulted in increased gut growth and maturation in nude rat pupsindependent of nursing. Foetal-type enterocytes were replaced by non-vacuolated adult-type enterocytes in the distal small intestine epithelium. Decreased intestinal macromolecular permeability(gut closure) was observed, with reduced permeability markers(BIg G and BSA, P < 0.001) in circulation. Increased pancreatic function, with an increased trypsin to protein ratio in pancreas homogenates, was observed independent of nursing in the nude pups. Immunostaining showed the presence of a few CD3^+-cells in the intestinal mucosa of the nude pups. The number of CD3+-cells remained unaltered by provocation and no differences were observed between the nursing sets. Growth and vitality of the nude pups were dependent on nurturing, since cross-fostering by conventional dams increased their macromolecular absorptive capacity(BSA, P < 0.05), as well as their passive immunity(RIg G, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Precocious gut maturation can be induced by enteral provocation in athymic rat pups, similarly to in euthymic pups, thus showing an independence from thymusderived T-cells.展开更多
Antibiotic resistance is an unrelenting global health crisis.The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,making infections increasingly difficult to treat.To combat this,novel t...Antibiotic resistance is an unrelenting global health crisis.The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,making infections increasingly difficult to treat.To combat this,novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed.Current strategies include antivirulence therapy,passive immunization,antimicrobial peptides,vaccines,phage therapy,and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles.These methods aim to reduce the pressure on antibiotics to mitigate the development of resistance.Future directions involve exploring combination therapies that combine antibiotics with biologics and nonantibiotic adjuvants.Intelligent delivery strategies and antimicrobial stewardship are also crucial for effective infection control.By integrating these approaches,we can combat antibiotic resistance and protect the natural microbiome.This article reviews these multifaceted strategies to highlight the ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance and how it can be better managed to ultimately preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations.展开更多
Introduction:Rabies is a lethal yet preventable viral disease caused by lyssaviruses.It is recommended that post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)be administered as early as possible after viral exposure.The application of pa...Introduction:Rabies is a lethal yet preventable viral disease caused by lyssaviruses.It is recommended that post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)be administered as early as possible after viral exposure.The application of passive rabies immune preparations is an important measure of rabies PEP,especially for high-risk exposures.However,owing to various factors,patients exposed to the rabies virus may not receive passive immune agents in a timely manner,thereby increasing the risk of infection.Methods:We evaluated the clearance efficacy of SYN023,an anti-rabies cocktail monoclonal antibody(mAb),in mice infected with the rabies virus strain SC16.Results:Our results demonstrated that SYN023 rescued 69%of the infected mice at a late stage(5 days post-inoculation).Conclusion:Multiple daily injections of high-dose SYN023 reversed rabies infection during the late exposure stage.These findings provide a critical scientific groundwork to guide the design and implementation of future clinical trials for rabies therapy.展开更多
基金Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance(PD_ADMAS)
文摘In this study,the decay of maternal peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV) antibodies in kids born to goats vaccinated with Asian lineage IV PPR vaccine and the efficacy of passive immunity against PPRV was assessed to determine the appropriate period for vaccination in kids.Serum samples collected from kids born to vaccinated,unvaccinated and infected goats at different time intervals were tested by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization test(SNT).Maternal antibodies in kids were detectable up to 6 months with a decline trend from the third month onwards and receded below the protective level by the fourth month.The kid with an SN titre of 1:8 at the time of immunization showed significant PPRV specific antibody response(percentage inhibition of 76;SN titers >1:16),when tested on 21 day post-vaccination and was completely protected from infection upon virulent PPRV challenge.Similarly,the kid with 1:8 SN titers was completely protected from PPR infection on active challenge.Therefore,PPR vaccination is recommended in kids,aged 4 months and born to immunized or exposed goats.This could be a suitable period to avoid window of susceptibility in kids to PPRV and the effort to eliminate PPR infection from susceptible populations.
基金supported by Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairsthe National Foundation for Research,Technology and Developmentsupported using resources of the Vet Core Facility(Mass Spectrometry)of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna。
文摘Background The objective was to characterize the colostrum proteome of primiparous Holstein cows in association with immunoglobulin G(IgG)content.Immediately after calving,colostrum samples were collected from 18 cows to measure IgG concentration.Based on colostrum IgG content,samples were classified through cluster analysis and were identified as poor,average,and excellent quality.The proteome was assessed with quantitative shotgun proteomics;abundance data were compared among the colostrum types;enrichment analysis of metabolic processes and proteins classes was performed as well.We also tested correlations between this proteome and blood globulin level of cows and passive immunity level of calves.Results On average,428 proteins were identified per sample,which belonged mainly to cellular process,biological regulation,response to stimulus,metabolic process,and immune system process.Most abundant proteins were complement C3(Q2UVX4),alpha-S1-casein(P02662),Ig-like domain-containing protein(A0A3Q1M032),albumin(A0A140T897),polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(P81265),lactotransferrrin(P24627),and IGHG1*01(X167014).Colostrum of excellent quality had greater(P<0.05)abundance of serpin A3-7(A2I7N3),complement factorl(A0A3Q1 MIF4),lipocalin/cytosolic fatty-acid binding domain-containing protein(A0A3Q1 MRQ2),complement C3(E1B805),complement component 4 binding protein alpha(A0AAF6ZHP5),and complement component C6(F1MM86).However,colostrum of excellent quality had lower(P<0.05)abundance of HGF activator(E1BCW0),alpha-S1-casein(P02662),and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase(P80457).This resulted in enrichment of the biological processes predominantly for complement activation alternative pathway,complement activation,complement activation classical pathway,humoral immune response,leukocyte mediated immunity,and negative regulation of endopeptidase activity in excellent-quality colostrum.Additionally,some colostrum proteins were found to be correlated with the blood globulin level of cows and with the passive immunity level of calves(P<0.05;r≥0.57).Conclusions This study provides new insights into the bovine colostrum proteome,demonstrating associations between IgG levels and the abundance of other proteins,as well as the enrichment of metabolic processes related to innate immune response.Thus,results suggest that the colostrum proteomic profile is associated with the content of IgG.Future research should deeply explore the association of these findings with pre-calving nutrition status and blood composition of the cow,and with passive immunity transfer to the calf.
基金Supported by the Royal Physiographic Society in Lund,Sweden to Arévalo Sureda E and Director Albert Pahlssons Foundation in Malmo Sweden to Prykhodko O
文摘AIM To investigate whether gut maturation could be induced precociously in an athymic T-cell deficient neonatal rat model.METHODS Fourteen day-old athymic(nude) rats(NIH-Foxn 1 rnu) were gavaged with either phytohaemagglutinin-a lectin from red kidney beans(PHA); trypsin-a protease(Prot); or water-vehicle(control) as a single dose on one day or once a day for 3-day. The nude rats were either nurtured by their mothers or cross-fostered by conventional foster dams of the Sprague-Dawley strain from days 3-5 after birth. At 17 d of age, 72 h after administration of the first treatment, intestinal macromolecular permeability was tested in vivo, prior to euthanasia, after which blood and gut organs were sampled.RESULTS Provocation with both, PHA and protease, resulted in increased gut growth and maturation in nude rat pupsindependent of nursing. Foetal-type enterocytes were replaced by non-vacuolated adult-type enterocytes in the distal small intestine epithelium. Decreased intestinal macromolecular permeability(gut closure) was observed, with reduced permeability markers(BIg G and BSA, P < 0.001) in circulation. Increased pancreatic function, with an increased trypsin to protein ratio in pancreas homogenates, was observed independent of nursing in the nude pups. Immunostaining showed the presence of a few CD3^+-cells in the intestinal mucosa of the nude pups. The number of CD3+-cells remained unaltered by provocation and no differences were observed between the nursing sets. Growth and vitality of the nude pups were dependent on nurturing, since cross-fostering by conventional dams increased their macromolecular absorptive capacity(BSA, P < 0.05), as well as their passive immunity(RIg G, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Precocious gut maturation can be induced by enteral provocation in athymic rat pups, similarly to in euthymic pups, thus showing an independence from thymusderived T-cells.
文摘Antibiotic resistance is an unrelenting global health crisis.The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria,making infections increasingly difficult to treat.To combat this,novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed.Current strategies include antivirulence therapy,passive immunization,antimicrobial peptides,vaccines,phage therapy,and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles.These methods aim to reduce the pressure on antibiotics to mitigate the development of resistance.Future directions involve exploring combination therapies that combine antibiotics with biologics and nonantibiotic adjuvants.Intelligent delivery strategies and antimicrobial stewardship are also crucial for effective infection control.By integrating these approaches,we can combat antibiotic resistance and protect the natural microbiome.This article reviews these multifaceted strategies to highlight the ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance and how it can be better managed to ultimately preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations.
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L252070)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Scientific Research Seed Fund of Peking University First Hospital 2024SF102)Interdepartmental Research Project of Peking University First Hospital 2024IR10.
文摘Introduction:Rabies is a lethal yet preventable viral disease caused by lyssaviruses.It is recommended that post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)be administered as early as possible after viral exposure.The application of passive rabies immune preparations is an important measure of rabies PEP,especially for high-risk exposures.However,owing to various factors,patients exposed to the rabies virus may not receive passive immune agents in a timely manner,thereby increasing the risk of infection.Methods:We evaluated the clearance efficacy of SYN023,an anti-rabies cocktail monoclonal antibody(mAb),in mice infected with the rabies virus strain SC16.Results:Our results demonstrated that SYN023 rescued 69%of the infected mice at a late stage(5 days post-inoculation).Conclusion:Multiple daily injections of high-dose SYN023 reversed rabies infection during the late exposure stage.These findings provide a critical scientific groundwork to guide the design and implementation of future clinical trials for rabies therapy.
