Background: early detection of perinatal anxiety using appropriate measures helps in reducing maternal and fetal complication. WHO guidelines for instrument translation and adaptation provide rigor and transparent met...Background: early detection of perinatal anxiety using appropriate measures helps in reducing maternal and fetal complication. WHO guidelines for instrument translation and adaptation provide rigor and transparent method for Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) translation and expand the knowledge in diversity cultural contexts. Aim: to describe the process of cultural adaptation of the PASS into the Jordanian context based on the WHO framework for instrument translation and adaptation. Methods: PASS was completed by a convenience sample of 31 pregnant women. In which PASS went through WHO framework for instrument translation and adaptation process includes forward translation, expert panel, blind back translation, pre testing and cognitive interview, and the final version is ready for piloting. Some comments were added to three items by five expert panel, then the modified version was ready for piloting. Result: the internal consistency reliability of PASS was 0.869 and five experts who reviewed PASS confirmed the scale appropriateness and clarity after a slight modification to three items. Participants found PASS in general easy to complete but some of them found difficulties in understanding two items located in the Perfectionism, control and trauma subscale where they need an explanation of their meaning to answer them. Conclusion: using WHO guidelines for instruments translation considered a rigorous method and revealed that PASS is reliable and valid tool to be used within the Jordanian context to measure perinatal anxiety. However, the focus on explaining items 11 and 14 to participants is important due to difficulty in understanding their meaning.展开更多
By using the rainfall data in the regional automatic station,FY-2E satellite data,NCEP reanalysis data,the evolution features and the structure characteristics of a meso-scale convective system(MCS) which happened on ...By using the rainfall data in the regional automatic station,FY-2E satellite data,NCEP reanalysis data,the evolution features and the structure characteristics of a meso-scale convective system(MCS) which happened on May 6 in 2010 in Loudi City of Hunan Province were analyzed.The results showed that MCS was the important influence system for the generation and development of strong precipitation.The equivalent blackbody brightness temperature(TBB) field of satellite inversion could directly reflect the convective activity of cumulus,the precipitation distribution and the intensity characteristics in the rainstorm process.TBB low value belt had the good corresponding relationship with the rainstorm falling zone.The disturbance flow field and the height field which passed Barnes band-pass wave filtering represented that there existed the obvious high-layer anticyclonic circulation and the low-layer cyclonic circulation near the rainstorm zone.The divergence in the high layer and the convergence in the low layer enhanced the occurrence and development of MCS.In addition,the disturbance temperature field revealed the main source of energy which the occurrence and development of strong convective weather needed.展开更多
文摘Background: early detection of perinatal anxiety using appropriate measures helps in reducing maternal and fetal complication. WHO guidelines for instrument translation and adaptation provide rigor and transparent method for Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS) translation and expand the knowledge in diversity cultural contexts. Aim: to describe the process of cultural adaptation of the PASS into the Jordanian context based on the WHO framework for instrument translation and adaptation. Methods: PASS was completed by a convenience sample of 31 pregnant women. In which PASS went through WHO framework for instrument translation and adaptation process includes forward translation, expert panel, blind back translation, pre testing and cognitive interview, and the final version is ready for piloting. Some comments were added to three items by five expert panel, then the modified version was ready for piloting. Result: the internal consistency reliability of PASS was 0.869 and five experts who reviewed PASS confirmed the scale appropriateness and clarity after a slight modification to three items. Participants found PASS in general easy to complete but some of them found difficulties in understanding two items located in the Perfectionism, control and trauma subscale where they need an explanation of their meaning to answer them. Conclusion: using WHO guidelines for instruments translation considered a rigorous method and revealed that PASS is reliable and valid tool to be used within the Jordanian context to measure perinatal anxiety. However, the focus on explaining items 11 and 14 to participants is important due to difficulty in understanding their meaning.
文摘By using the rainfall data in the regional automatic station,FY-2E satellite data,NCEP reanalysis data,the evolution features and the structure characteristics of a meso-scale convective system(MCS) which happened on May 6 in 2010 in Loudi City of Hunan Province were analyzed.The results showed that MCS was the important influence system for the generation and development of strong precipitation.The equivalent blackbody brightness temperature(TBB) field of satellite inversion could directly reflect the convective activity of cumulus,the precipitation distribution and the intensity characteristics in the rainstorm process.TBB low value belt had the good corresponding relationship with the rainstorm falling zone.The disturbance flow field and the height field which passed Barnes band-pass wave filtering represented that there existed the obvious high-layer anticyclonic circulation and the low-layer cyclonic circulation near the rainstorm zone.The divergence in the high layer and the convergence in the low layer enhanced the occurrence and development of MCS.In addition,the disturbance temperature field revealed the main source of energy which the occurrence and development of strong convective weather needed.
