Soil water retention characteristics are the key information required in hydrological modeling. Frac-tal models provide a practical alternative for indirectly estimating soil water retention characteristics frompartic...Soil water retention characteristics are the key information required in hydrological modeling. Frac-tal models provide a practical alternative for indirectly estimating soil water retention characteristics fromparticle-size distribution data. Predictive capabilities of three fractal models, i.e, Tyler-Wheatcraft model,Rieu-Sposito model, and Brooks-Corey model, were fully evaluated in this work using experimental datafrom an international database and literature. Particle-size distribution data were firstly interpolated into20 classes using a van Genuchten-type equation. Fractal dimensions of the tortuous pore wall and the poresurface were then calculated from the detailed particle-size distribution and incorporated as a parameter infractal water retention models. Comparisons between measured and model-estimated water retention cha-racteristics indicated that these three models were applicable to relatively different soil textures and pressurehead ranges. Tyler-Wheatcraft and Brooks-Corey models led to reasonable agreements for both coarse- andmedium-textured soils, while the latter showed applicability to a broader texture range. In contrast, Rieu-Sposito model was more suitable for fine-textured soils. Fractal models produced a better estimation of watercontents at low pressure heads than at high pressure heads.展开更多
The particle-size distribution of adsorbents usually plays an important role on the adsorption performance. In this study, population balance equation(PBE) is utilized in the simulation of an adsorption process to mod...The particle-size distribution of adsorbents usually plays an important role on the adsorption performance. In this study, population balance equation(PBE) is utilized in the simulation of an adsorption process to model the time-dependent adsorption amount distribution on adsorbent particles of a certain size distribution. Different adsorption kinetics model can be used to build the adsorption rate function in PBE according to specific adsorption processes. Two adsorption processes, including formaldehyde on activated carbon and CO_(2)/N_(2)/CH_(4) mixture on 4A zeolite are simulated as case studies, and the effect of particle-size distribution of adsorbent is analyzed. The simulation results proved that the influence of particle-size distribution is significant. The proposed model can help consider the influence of particlesize distribution of adsorbents on adsorption processes to improve the prediction accuracy of the performance of adsorbents.展开更多
Characterizing soil particle-size distribution is a key measure towards soil property.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multifractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution among different land-...Characterizing soil particle-size distribution is a key measure towards soil property.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multifractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution among different land-use from a purple soil catchment and to generalize the spatial variation trend of multifractal parameters across the catchment.A total of 84 soil samples were collected from four kinds of land use patterns(dry land,orchard,paddy,and forest)in an agricultural catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China.The multifractal analysis method was applied to quantitatively characterize the soil particle size distribution.Six soil particle size distribution(PSD)multifractal parameters(D(0),D(1),D(2),(35)a(q),(35)f[a(q)],α(0))were computed.Additionally,a geostatistical analysis was employed to reveal the spatial differentiation and map the spatial distribution of these parameters.Evident multifractal characteristics were found.The trend of generalized dimension spectrum of four land use patterns was basically consistent with the range of 0.8 to 2.0.However,orchard showed the largest monotonic decline,while the forest demonstrated the smallest decrease.D(0)of the four land use patterns were ranked as:dry land<orchard<forest<paddy,the order of D(1)was:dry land<paddy<orchard<forest,D(2)presented a rand-size relationship as dry land<forest<paddy<orchard.Furthermore,all land-use patterns presented asΔf[α(q)]<0.The rand-size relationship ofα(0)was same as D(0).The best-fitting model for D(0),D(1),D(2)andΔf[α(q)]was spherical model,forΔα(q)was gaussian model,and forα(0)was exponential model with structure variance ratio was 1.03%,49.83%,0.84%,1.48%,22.20%and 10.60%,respectively.The results showed that soil particles of each land use pattern were distributed unevenly.The multifractal parameters under different land use have significant differences,except forΔα(q).Differences in the composition of soil particles lead to differences in the multifractal properties even though they belong to the same soil texture.Farming behavior may refine particles and enhance the heterogeneity of soil particle distribution.Our results provide an effective reference for quantifying the impact of human activities on soil system in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.展开更多
A computational particle fluid-dynamics model coupled with an energy-minimization multi-scale(EMMS)drag model was applied to investigate the influence of particle-size distribution on the hydrodynamics of a three-dime...A computational particle fluid-dynamics model coupled with an energy-minimization multi-scale(EMMS)drag model was applied to investigate the influence of particle-size distribution on the hydrodynamics of a three-dimensional full-loop circulating fluidized bed.Different particle systems,including one monodisperse and two polydisperse cases,were investigated.The numerical model was validated by comparing its results with the experimental axial voidage distribution and solid mass flux.The EMMS drag model had a high accuracy in the computational particle fluid-dynamics simulation of the three-dimensional full-loop circulating fluidized bed.The total number of parcels in the system(Np)influenced the axial voidage distribution in the riser,especially at the lower part of the riser.Additional numerical simulation results showed that axial segregation by size was predicted in the two polydisperse cases and the segregation size increased with an increase in the number of size classes.The axial voidage distribution at the lower portion of the riser was significantly influenced by particle-size distribution.However,radial segregation could only be correctly predicted in the upper region of the riser in the polydisperse case of three solid species.展开更多
To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides,a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produce...To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides,a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produced by the tandem-accelerator in the China Institute of Atomic Energy was utilized.The proton beam was first transmitted through a 60.5μm aluminum foil and then impinged on a natural LiF target to produce neutron beam via^(7)Li(p,n)7Be reaction.The quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of protons in the LiF target resulted in neutron energy spectra that agreed with a Maxwellian energy distribution at kT=(22±2)keV,which was achieved by integrating neutrons detected within an emission angle of 65.0°±2.6°using a ^(6)Li glass detector positioned at 65°relative to the proton beam direction.The narrow angular spread of the Maxwelliandistributed neutron beam enables direct measurement of neutron capture cross-sections for most s-process nuclides,overcoming previous experimental limitations associated with broad angular distributions.展开更多
Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges...Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).展开更多
Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most species...Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most speciesrich genus in the Bambusoideae subfamily.Based on the distribution data of 46 species and 20 environmental variables,we used the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS calculations to simulate current and future potential richness distributions under three distinct CO_(2) emission scenarios.The results showed that the MaxEnt model had a good predictive ability,with a mean area under the working characteristic curve(AUC value)of 0.91 for all species.The main environmental variables that impacted the future distribution of most Phyllostachys species were elevation,variations of seasonal precipitation,and mean diurnal range.Phyllostachys species are currently concentrated in southeastern China.Under future climate projections,18 species exhibited significant habitat contraction across three or more future climate scenarios,but suitable habitats for other species will expand.This enhancement is most pronounced under the extreme climate scenario(2090s-SSP585),primarily driven by high species gains contributing to elevated turnover values across scenarios.The center of maximum richness will progressively shift southwestward over time.Predictive modeling of Phyllostachys richness distribution dynamics under climate change enhances our understanding of its biogeography and informs strategic introduction programs to bamboo management and augments China’s carbon sequestration capacity.展开更多
Giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera,an important foundation species with great ecological and economic value,is threatened by climate change.To better understand the impact of climate warming on M.pyrifera,we investigated...Giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera,an important foundation species with great ecological and economic value,is threatened by climate change.To better understand the impact of climate warming on M.pyrifera,we investigated its global distribution dynamics by an optimized species distribution model(SDM).Results showed that wave height,sea surface temperature,benthic temperature,and benthic phosphate concentration were key factors shaping the distribution of M.pyrifera.In addition to currently known distribution regions,the model revealed potential suitable habitats globally.Under future climate scenarios,the habitat suitability of M.pyrifera would decrease at low latitudes and increase at high latitudes,resulting in a poleward shift of suitable habitats.In the regions currently occupied by M.pyrifera,the high suitable habitats were predicted to shrink,which implies that the existing M.pyrifera would be adversely impacted.These results serve as references for the conservation and utilization of M.pyrifera resource.展开更多
Theauthor proposes a dual layer source grid load storage collaborative planning model based on Benders decomposition to optimize the low-carbon and economic performance of the distribution network.The model plans the ...Theauthor proposes a dual layer source grid load storage collaborative planning model based on Benders decomposition to optimize the low-carbon and economic performance of the distribution network.The model plans the configuration of photovoltaic(3.8 MW),wind power(2.5 MW),energy storage(2.2 MWh),and SVC(1.2 Mvar)through interaction between upper and lower layers,and modifies lines 2–3,8–9,etc.to improve transmission capacity and voltage stability.The author uses normal distribution and Monte Carlo method to model load uncertainty,and combines Weibull distribution to describe wind speed characteristics.Compared to the traditional three-layer model(TLM),Benders decomposition-based two-layer model(BLBD)has a 58.1%reduction in convergence time(5.36 vs.12.78 h),a 51.1%reduction in iteration times(23 vs.47 times),a 8.07%reduction in total cost(12.436 vs.13.528 million yuan),and a 9.62%reduction in carbon emissions(12,456 vs.13,782 t).After optimization,the peak valley difference decreased from4.1 to 2.9MW,the renewable energy consumption rate reached 93.4%,and the energy storage efficiency was 87.6%.Themodel has been validated in the IEEE 33 node system,demonstrating its superiority in terms of economy,low-carbon,and reliability.展开更多
Small angle x-ray scattering(SAXS)is an advanced technique for characterizing the particle size distribution(PSD)of nanoparticles.However,the ill-posed nature of inverse problems in SAXS data analysis often reduces th...Small angle x-ray scattering(SAXS)is an advanced technique for characterizing the particle size distribution(PSD)of nanoparticles.However,the ill-posed nature of inverse problems in SAXS data analysis often reduces the accuracy of conventional methods.This article proposes a user-friendly software for PSD analysis,GranuSAS,which employs an algorithm that integrates truncated singular value decomposition(TSVD)with the Chahine method.This approach employs TSVD for data preprocessing,generating a set of initial solutions with noise suppression.A high-quality initial solution is subsequently selected via the L-curve method.This selected candidate solution is then iteratively refined by the Chahine algorithm,enforcing constraints such as non-negativity and improving physical interpretability.Most importantly,GranuSAS employs a parallel architecture that simultaneously yields inversion results from multiple shape models and,by evaluating the accuracy of each model's reconstructed scattering curve,offers a suggestion for model selection in material systems.To systematically validate the accuracy and efficiency of the software,verification was performed using both simulated and experimental datasets.The results demonstrate that the proposed software delivers both satisfactory accuracy and reliable computational efficiency.It provides an easy-to-use and reliable tool for researchers in materials science,helping them fully exploit the potential of SAXS in nanoparticle characterization.展开更多
Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the...Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants(VPPs).The proposed strategy improves systemflexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources.In the proposed strategy,theGaussian Process Regression(GPR)is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP,facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support.Then,an optimal dispatch model based on a leader-follower game is developed to maximize the benefits of the VPP and flexible resources while guaranteeing the power balance at the same time.To solve the proposed optimal dispatch model efficiently,the constraints of the problem are reformulated and resolved using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimality conditions and linear programming duality theorem.The effectiveness of the strategy is illustrated through a detailed case study.展开更多
Ceramic cells promise ideal energy conversion and storage devices,making the development of efficient and robust air electrodes crucial for their application.In this study,a Ba_(0.4)Sr_(0.5)Cs_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_...Ceramic cells promise ideal energy conversion and storage devices,making the development of efficient and robust air electrodes crucial for their application.In this study,a Ba_(0.4)Sr_(0.5)Cs_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3−δ)(BSCCFN)air electrode,based on Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(BSCF),is designed using a perovskite A-B-site ionic Lewis acid strength(ISA)polarization distribution strategy and is successfully applied in both oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells(O-SOFCs)and proton-conducting reversible protonic ceramic cells(R-PCCs).When BSCCFN is used as the air electrode in O-SOFCs,a peak power density(PPD)of 1.45 W cm^(−2)is achieved at 650°C,whereas in R-PCCs,a PPD of 1.13 W cm^(−2)and a current density of−1.8 A cm^(−2)at 1.3 V are achieved at the same temperature and show stable reversibility over 100 h.Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that low-ISA Cs+doping accelerates the reaction kinetics of both oxygen ions and protons,while high-ISA Nb^(5+)doping enhances electrode stability.The synergistic effect of Cs^(+)and Nb^(5+)co-doping in the BSCCFN electrode lies in the ISA polarization distribution,which weakens the Co/Fe–O bond covalency,thereby promoting oxygen vacancy formation and facilitating the conduction of oxygen ions and protons.展开更多
Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting d...Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting density and N rate,and their relationships with grain yield,radiation use efficiency(RUE),and N use efficiency for grain production(NUEg)in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two hybrid varieties under three N levels,0 kg ha^(-1)(N1),90 kg ha^(-1)(N2)and 180 kg ha^(-1)(N3),and two planting densities,22.2 hills m-2(D1)and 33.3 hills m^(-2)(D2).Results showed 3.4%higher yield and 4.4%higher NUEg under N2D2 compared with N3D1.The extinction coefficient for N(K_(N))and light(K_(L))and their ratio(K_(N)/K_(L))at heading stage were significantly influenced by N rate,planting density,and their interaction.K_(N)decreased with the increase of N input or planting density.Compared to N1,K_(N)decreased by 43.5 and 58.8%under N2 and N3,respectively,while K_(N)under D2 decreased by 16.0%compared to D1.Higher K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values occurred under low N rates,with opposite trends under high N rates.Increased planting density led to decreased K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values.N2D2 demonstrated higher K_(L)and K_(N),and thus comparable K_(N)/K_(L),compared to N3D1.Correlation analysis revealed K_(L)negatively correlated with RUE,while K_(N)and K_(N)/K_(L)positively correlated with NUEg.These findings indicate that increasing planting density under reduced N input could maintain rice yield while enhancing resource use efficiency through regulation of canopy light and N distribution.展开更多
A dense discrete phase model combined with the kinetic theory of granular flows was used to study the bubbling characteristics and segregation of poly-dispersed particle mixtures in a thin fluidized bed.Our simulation...A dense discrete phase model combined with the kinetic theory of granular flows was used to study the bubbling characteristics and segregation of poly-dispersed particle mixtures in a thin fluidized bed.Our simulations showed that in using the hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method,the common use of one computational cell in the thickness direction of the thin bed does not predict wall friction correctly.Instead,a three-cell discretization of the thickness direction does predict the wall friction well but six cells were needed to prevent overprediction of the bed expansion.The change in specularity factor(SF)of the model not only affected the predictions of the velocity of particles,but also had a considerable impact on their flow pattern.A decrease in SF,which decreases wall friction,showed an over-prediction in the size of bubbles,particle velocities,and void fraction of the bed,and led to a shift in the circulation center toward the bottom of the bed.The segregation of the Geldart B particles was studied in the narrow range from 400 to 600μm with a standard deviation less than 10%of the average diameter.Simulations showed that large particles accumulated close to the distributor at the bottom of the bed and the center of the bed,but small particles moved towards the wall and top surface.The decrease in the mean particle size and spread in shape of the distribution improves mixing by up to 30%at a superficial gas velocity of around 2.5 times the minimum fluidization velocity.Log-normal mixtures with a small proportion of large particles had the most uniform distribution with a thin layer of jetsam forming at the bottom of the bed.Finally,experimental verification of the segregation and mixing of polydisperse particles with narrow size distribution is suggested.展开更多
The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration.However,it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin a...The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration.However,it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin are expressed in mammalian brains.This has been difficult to address because of the intrinsically low levels of PINK1 and undetectable levels of phosphorylated Parkin in small animals.Understanding this issue is critical for elucidating the in vivo roles of PINK1 and Parkin.Recently,we showed that the PINK1 kinase is selectively expressed as a truncated form(PINK1–55)in the primate brain.In the present study,we used multiple antibodies,including our recently developed monoclonal anti-PINK1,to validate the selective expression of PINK1 in the primate brain.We found that PINK1 was stably expressed in the monkey brain at postnatal and adulthood stages,which is consistent with the findings that depleting PINK1 can cause neuronal loss in developing and adult monkey brains.PINK1 was enriched in the membrane-bound fractionations,whereas Parkin was soluble with a distinguishable distribution.Immunofluorescent double staining experiments showed that PINK1 and Parkin did not colocalize under physiological conditions in cultured monkey astrocytes,though they did colocalize on mitochondria when the cells were exposed to mitochondrial stress.These findings suggest that PINK1 and Parkin may have distinct roles beyond their well-known function in mitophagy during mitochondrial damage.展开更多
The electrochemical corrosion of ductile pipes(DPs)in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS)has a crucial impact on cement-mortar lining(CML)failure and metal release,potentially leading to drinking water quality d...The electrochemical corrosion of ductile pipes(DPs)in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS)has a crucial impact on cement-mortar lining(CML)failure and metal release,potentially leading to drinking water quality deterioration and posing a risk to public health.An in-situ scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET)with micron-scale resolution,microscopic scale detection and water quality analysis were used to investigate the corrosion behavior and metal release from DPs throughout the whole CML failure process.Metal pollutants release occurred at three different stages of CML failure process,and there are potential risks of water quality deterioration exceeding the maximum allowable levels set by national standards in the partial failure stage and lining peeling stage.Furthermore,the effects of water chemistry(Cl^(−),SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)−,and Ca^(2+))on corrosion scale growth and iron release activity,were investigated during the CML partial failure stage.Results showed that the CML failure process in DPs was accelerated by the autocatalysis of localized corrosion.Cl^(−)was found to damage the uncorroded metal surface,while SO_(4)^(2−)mainly dissolved the corrosion scale surface,increasing iron release.Both the oxidation of NO_(3)−and selective sedimentation of Ca2+were found to enhance the stability of corrosion scales and inhibit iron release.展开更多
The dominated contradiction in optimizing the performance of magnesium-air battery anode lies in the difficulty of achieving a good balance between activation and passivation during discharge process.To further reconci...The dominated contradiction in optimizing the performance of magnesium-air battery anode lies in the difficulty of achieving a good balance between activation and passivation during discharge process.To further reconcile this contradiction,two Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag anodes with different residual strain distribution through extrusion with/without annealing are fabricated.The results indicate that annealing can significantly lessen the“pseudo-anode”regions,thereby changing the dissolution mode of the matrix and achieving an effective dissolution during discharge.Additionally,p-type semiconductor characteristic of discharge productfilm could suppress the self-corrosion reaction without reducing the polarization of anode.The magnesium-air battery utilizing annealed Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag as anode achieves a synergistic improvement in specific capacity(1388.89 mA h g^(-1))and energy density(1960.42 mW h g^(-1)).This anode modification method accelerates the advancement of high efficiency and long lifespan magnesium-air batteries,offering renewable and cost-effective energy solutions for electronics and emergency equipment.展开更多
Resilient smart urban water distribution networks are essential to ensure smooth urban operation and maintain daily water services.However,the dynamics and complexity of smart water distribution networks make its re-s...Resilient smart urban water distribution networks are essential to ensure smooth urban operation and maintain daily water services.However,the dynamics and complexity of smart water distribution networks make its re-silience study face many challenges.The introduction of digital twin technology provides an innovative solution for the resilience study of smart water distribution networks,which can more effectively support the network’s real-time monitoring and intelligent control.This paper proposes a digital twin architecture of smart water dis-tribution networks,laying the foundation for the resilience assessment of water distribution networks.Based on this,a performance evaluation model based on user satisfaction is proposed,which can more intuitively and effectively reflect the performance of urban water supply services.Meanwhile,we propose a method to quantify the importance of water distribution pipes’residual resilience,considering the time value to optimize the re-covery sequence of failed pipes and develop targeted preventive maintenance strategies.Finally,to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,this paper applies it to a water distribution network.The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the resilience and enhance the overall resilience of smart urban water distribution networks.展开更多
This study presents a machine learning-based method for predicting fragment velocity distribution in warhead fragmentation under explosive loading condition.The fragment resultant velocities are correlated with key de...This study presents a machine learning-based method for predicting fragment velocity distribution in warhead fragmentation under explosive loading condition.The fragment resultant velocities are correlated with key design parameters including casing dimensions and detonation positions.The paper details the finite element analysis for fragmentation,the characterizations of the dynamic hardening and fracture models,the generation of comprehensive datasets,and the training of the ANN model.The results show the influence of casing dimensions on fragment velocity distributions,with the tendencies indicating increased resultant velocity with reduced thickness,increased length and diameter.The model's predictive capability is demonstrated through the accurate predictions for both training and testing datasets,showing its potential for the real-time prediction of fragmentation performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND As red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and albumin have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality from various diseases,this study aimed to investigate the effect of the RDW to albumin ratio(RA...BACKGROUND As red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and albumin have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality from various diseases,this study aimed to investigate the effect of the RDW to albumin ratio(RA)as an independent predictor of the prognosis of patients admitted to the coronary care unit(CCU).AIM To use the RDW and albumin level to predict the prognosis of patients in the CCU.METHODS Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart Intensive Care III database.The primary outcome was 365-day all-cause mortality,whereas the secondary outcomes were 30-and 90-day all-cause mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS),and CCU LOS.Cox proportional hazards regression model,propen-sity score matching,and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used.RESULTS The hazard ratio(95%confidence interval)of the upper tertile(RA>4.66)was 1.62(1.29 to 2.03)when compared with the reference(RA<3.84)in 365-day all-cause mortality.This trend persisted after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables in the propensity score-matching analysis.Similar trends were observed for the secondary outcomes of hospital and CCU LOS.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed by combining the RA and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)scores,and the C-statistic was higher than that of the SOFA scores(0.733 vs 0.702,P<0.001).CONCLUSION RA is an independent prognostic factor in patients admitted to the CCU.RA combined with the SOFA score can improve the predictive ability of the SOFA score.However,our results should be verified in future prospective studies.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No, 49971041), the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation (NKBRSF) of China (No. G1999011803) the Director Foundation of the Institute of Soil Science, CAS (No. ISSDF0004).
文摘Soil water retention characteristics are the key information required in hydrological modeling. Frac-tal models provide a practical alternative for indirectly estimating soil water retention characteristics fromparticle-size distribution data. Predictive capabilities of three fractal models, i.e, Tyler-Wheatcraft model,Rieu-Sposito model, and Brooks-Corey model, were fully evaluated in this work using experimental datafrom an international database and literature. Particle-size distribution data were firstly interpolated into20 classes using a van Genuchten-type equation. Fractal dimensions of the tortuous pore wall and the poresurface were then calculated from the detailed particle-size distribution and incorporated as a parameter infractal water retention models. Comparisons between measured and model-estimated water retention cha-racteristics indicated that these three models were applicable to relatively different soil textures and pressurehead ranges. Tyler-Wheatcraft and Brooks-Corey models led to reasonable agreements for both coarse- andmedium-textured soils, while the latter showed applicability to a broader texture range. In contrast, Rieu-Sposito model was more suitable for fine-textured soils. Fractal models produced a better estimation of watercontents at low pressure heads than at high pressure heads.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21706075)。
文摘The particle-size distribution of adsorbents usually plays an important role on the adsorption performance. In this study, population balance equation(PBE) is utilized in the simulation of an adsorption process to model the time-dependent adsorption amount distribution on adsorbent particles of a certain size distribution. Different adsorption kinetics model can be used to build the adsorption rate function in PBE according to specific adsorption processes. Two adsorption processes, including formaldehyde on activated carbon and CO_(2)/N_(2)/CH_(4) mixture on 4A zeolite are simulated as case studies, and the effect of particle-size distribution of adsorbent is analyzed. The simulation results proved that the influence of particle-size distribution is significant. The proposed model can help consider the influence of particlesize distribution of adsorbents on adsorption processes to improve the prediction accuracy of the performance of adsorbents.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0800505)Chongqing Key R&D Project of Technology Innovation and Application(NO.cstc2018jscxmszd X0055)。
文摘Characterizing soil particle-size distribution is a key measure towards soil property.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multifractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution among different land-use from a purple soil catchment and to generalize the spatial variation trend of multifractal parameters across the catchment.A total of 84 soil samples were collected from four kinds of land use patterns(dry land,orchard,paddy,and forest)in an agricultural catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,China.The multifractal analysis method was applied to quantitatively characterize the soil particle size distribution.Six soil particle size distribution(PSD)multifractal parameters(D(0),D(1),D(2),(35)a(q),(35)f[a(q)],α(0))were computed.Additionally,a geostatistical analysis was employed to reveal the spatial differentiation and map the spatial distribution of these parameters.Evident multifractal characteristics were found.The trend of generalized dimension spectrum of four land use patterns was basically consistent with the range of 0.8 to 2.0.However,orchard showed the largest monotonic decline,while the forest demonstrated the smallest decrease.D(0)of the four land use patterns were ranked as:dry land<orchard<forest<paddy,the order of D(1)was:dry land<paddy<orchard<forest,D(2)presented a rand-size relationship as dry land<forest<paddy<orchard.Furthermore,all land-use patterns presented asΔf[α(q)]<0.The rand-size relationship ofα(0)was same as D(0).The best-fitting model for D(0),D(1),D(2)andΔf[α(q)]was spherical model,forΔα(q)was gaussian model,and forα(0)was exponential model with structure variance ratio was 1.03%,49.83%,0.84%,1.48%,22.20%and 10.60%,respectively.The results showed that soil particles of each land use pattern were distributed unevenly.The multifractal parameters under different land use have significant differences,except forΔα(q).Differences in the composition of soil particles lead to differences in the multifractal properties even though they belong to the same soil texture.Farming behavior may refine particles and enhance the heterogeneity of soil particle distribution.Our results provide an effective reference for quantifying the impact of human activities on soil system in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through contract No.91634109 and No.51676158the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0600102).
文摘A computational particle fluid-dynamics model coupled with an energy-minimization multi-scale(EMMS)drag model was applied to investigate the influence of particle-size distribution on the hydrodynamics of a three-dimensional full-loop circulating fluidized bed.Different particle systems,including one monodisperse and two polydisperse cases,were investigated.The numerical model was validated by comparing its results with the experimental axial voidage distribution and solid mass flux.The EMMS drag model had a high accuracy in the computational particle fluid-dynamics simulation of the three-dimensional full-loop circulating fluidized bed.The total number of parcels in the system(Np)influenced the axial voidage distribution in the riser,especially at the lower part of the riser.Additional numerical simulation results showed that axial segregation by size was predicted in the two polydisperse cases and the segregation size increased with an increase in the number of size classes.The axial voidage distribution at the lower portion of the riser was significantly influenced by particle-size distribution.However,radial segregation could only be correctly predicted in the upper region of the riser in the polydisperse case of three solid species.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12125509,11961141003,12275361,U2267205,12175152,12175121)National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFA1602301)Continuous-support Basic Scientific Research Project。
文摘To generate a neutron beam exhibiting a Maxwellian energy distribution with narrow emission angles for measuring the neutron capture reaction rates of the s-process nuclides,a monoenergetic 3.4 MeV proton beam produced by the tandem-accelerator in the China Institute of Atomic Energy was utilized.The proton beam was first transmitted through a 60.5μm aluminum foil and then impinged on a natural LiF target to produce neutron beam via^(7)Li(p,n)7Be reaction.The quasi-Gaussian energy distribution of protons in the LiF target resulted in neutron energy spectra that agreed with a Maxwellian energy distribution at kT=(22±2)keV,which was achieved by integrating neutrons detected within an emission angle of 65.0°±2.6°using a ^(6)Li glass detector positioned at 65°relative to the proton beam direction.The narrow angular spread of the Maxwelliandistributed neutron beam enables direct measurement of neutron capture cross-sections for most s-process nuclides,overcoming previous experimental limitations associated with broad angular distributions.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(RCEECA),the construction and joint research for the China-Tajikistan“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use(2024YFE0214200)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Partnership and International Technology Cooperation Plan of Science and Technology Projects(2023E01018,2025E01056)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(2024VBC0006).
文摘Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(32201643)the Key Research Projects of Yibin,research and integrated demonstration and key technologies for smart bamboo industry(YBZD2024-1).
文摘Climate change disrupts the distribution of species and restructures their richness patterns.The genus of Asian bamboo,Phyllostachys,possesses significant ecological and economic values,and represents the most speciesrich genus in the Bambusoideae subfamily.Based on the distribution data of 46 species and 20 environmental variables,we used the MaxEnt model combined with ArcGIS calculations to simulate current and future potential richness distributions under three distinct CO_(2) emission scenarios.The results showed that the MaxEnt model had a good predictive ability,with a mean area under the working characteristic curve(AUC value)of 0.91 for all species.The main environmental variables that impacted the future distribution of most Phyllostachys species were elevation,variations of seasonal precipitation,and mean diurnal range.Phyllostachys species are currently concentrated in southeastern China.Under future climate projections,18 species exhibited significant habitat contraction across three or more future climate scenarios,but suitable habitats for other species will expand.This enhancement is most pronounced under the extreme climate scenario(2090s-SSP585),primarily driven by high species gains contributing to elevated turnover values across scenarios.The center of maximum richness will progressively shift southwestward over time.Predictive modeling of Phyllostachys richness distribution dynamics under climate change enhances our understanding of its biogeography and informs strategic introduction programs to bamboo management and augments China’s carbon sequestration capacity.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD2400800)the Laoshan Laboratory(Nos.LSKJ202203801,LSKJ202203204)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2023MD127,ZR2021MD075)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund CAFS(Nos.2023TD28,20603022023012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32373107)the China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-50)the Taishan Scholars Program。
文摘Giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera,an important foundation species with great ecological and economic value,is threatened by climate change.To better understand the impact of climate warming on M.pyrifera,we investigated its global distribution dynamics by an optimized species distribution model(SDM).Results showed that wave height,sea surface temperature,benthic temperature,and benthic phosphate concentration were key factors shaping the distribution of M.pyrifera.In addition to currently known distribution regions,the model revealed potential suitable habitats globally.Under future climate scenarios,the habitat suitability of M.pyrifera would decrease at low latitudes and increase at high latitudes,resulting in a poleward shift of suitable habitats.In the regions currently occupied by M.pyrifera,the high suitable habitats were predicted to shrink,which implies that the existing M.pyrifera would be adversely impacted.These results serve as references for the conservation and utilization of M.pyrifera resource.
文摘Theauthor proposes a dual layer source grid load storage collaborative planning model based on Benders decomposition to optimize the low-carbon and economic performance of the distribution network.The model plans the configuration of photovoltaic(3.8 MW),wind power(2.5 MW),energy storage(2.2 MWh),and SVC(1.2 Mvar)through interaction between upper and lower layers,and modifies lines 2–3,8–9,etc.to improve transmission capacity and voltage stability.The author uses normal distribution and Monte Carlo method to model load uncertainty,and combines Weibull distribution to describe wind speed characteristics.Compared to the traditional three-layer model(TLM),Benders decomposition-based two-layer model(BLBD)has a 58.1%reduction in convergence time(5.36 vs.12.78 h),a 51.1%reduction in iteration times(23 vs.47 times),a 8.07%reduction in total cost(12.436 vs.13.528 million yuan),and a 9.62%reduction in carbon emissions(12,456 vs.13,782 t).After optimization,the peak valley difference decreased from4.1 to 2.9MW,the renewable energy consumption rate reached 93.4%,and the energy storage efficiency was 87.6%.Themodel has been validated in the IEEE 33 node system,demonstrating its superiority in terms of economy,low-carbon,and reliability.
基金Project supported by the Project of the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2308085MA19)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA0410401)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1609800)USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.YD2310002013)。
文摘Small angle x-ray scattering(SAXS)is an advanced technique for characterizing the particle size distribution(PSD)of nanoparticles.However,the ill-posed nature of inverse problems in SAXS data analysis often reduces the accuracy of conventional methods.This article proposes a user-friendly software for PSD analysis,GranuSAS,which employs an algorithm that integrates truncated singular value decomposition(TSVD)with the Chahine method.This approach employs TSVD for data preprocessing,generating a set of initial solutions with noise suppression.A high-quality initial solution is subsequently selected via the L-curve method.This selected candidate solution is then iteratively refined by the Chahine algorithm,enforcing constraints such as non-negativity and improving physical interpretability.Most importantly,GranuSAS employs a parallel architecture that simultaneously yields inversion results from multiple shape models and,by evaluating the accuracy of each model's reconstructed scattering curve,offers a suggestion for model selection in material systems.To systematically validate the accuracy and efficiency of the software,verification was performed using both simulated and experimental datasets.The results demonstrate that the proposed software delivers both satisfactory accuracy and reliable computational efficiency.It provides an easy-to-use and reliable tool for researchers in materials science,helping them fully exploit the potential of SAXS in nanoparticle characterization.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Electric Power Company“Power Supply Guarantee Strategy for Urban Distribution Networks Considering Coordination with Virtual Power Plant during Extreme Weather Event”(No.521920230003).
文摘Ensuring reliable power supply in urban distribution networks is a complex and critical task.To address the increased demand during extreme scenarios,this paper proposes an optimal dispatch strategy that considers the coordination with virtual power plants(VPPs).The proposed strategy improves systemflexibility and responsiveness by optimizing the power adjustment of flexible resources.In the proposed strategy,theGaussian Process Regression(GPR)is firstly employed to determine the adjustable range of aggregated power within the VPP,facilitating an assessment of its potential contribution to power supply support.Then,an optimal dispatch model based on a leader-follower game is developed to maximize the benefits of the VPP and flexible resources while guaranteeing the power balance at the same time.To solve the proposed optimal dispatch model efficiently,the constraints of the problem are reformulated and resolved using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)optimality conditions and linear programming duality theorem.The effectiveness of the strategy is illustrated through a detailed case study.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Award 91745203) supplemented by Central Universities’ Basic Research Funds.
文摘Ceramic cells promise ideal energy conversion and storage devices,making the development of efficient and robust air electrodes crucial for their application.In this study,a Ba_(0.4)Sr_(0.5)Cs_(0.1)Co_(0.7)Fe_(0.2)Nb_(0.1)O_(3−δ)(BSCCFN)air electrode,based on Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(BSCF),is designed using a perovskite A-B-site ionic Lewis acid strength(ISA)polarization distribution strategy and is successfully applied in both oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide fuel cells(O-SOFCs)and proton-conducting reversible protonic ceramic cells(R-PCCs).When BSCCFN is used as the air electrode in O-SOFCs,a peak power density(PPD)of 1.45 W cm^(−2)is achieved at 650°C,whereas in R-PCCs,a PPD of 1.13 W cm^(−2)and a current density of−1.8 A cm^(−2)at 1.3 V are achieved at the same temperature and show stable reversibility over 100 h.Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations demonstrate that low-ISA Cs+doping accelerates the reaction kinetics of both oxygen ions and protons,while high-ISA Nb^(5+)doping enhances electrode stability.The synergistic effect of Cs^(+)and Nb^(5+)co-doping in the BSCCFN electrode lies in the ISA polarization distribution,which weakens the Co/Fe–O bond covalency,thereby promoting oxygen vacancy formation and facilitating the conduction of oxygen ions and protons.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Project,China(2025CSA039)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001467)。
文摘Coordinating light and nitrogen(N)distribution within a canopy is essential for improving rice yield and resource use efficiency.However,limited research has examined light and N distribution in response to planting density and N rate,and their relationships with grain yield,radiation use efficiency(RUE),and N use efficiency for grain production(NUEg)in rice.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two hybrid varieties under three N levels,0 kg ha^(-1)(N1),90 kg ha^(-1)(N2)and 180 kg ha^(-1)(N3),and two planting densities,22.2 hills m-2(D1)and 33.3 hills m^(-2)(D2).Results showed 3.4%higher yield and 4.4%higher NUEg under N2D2 compared with N3D1.The extinction coefficient for N(K_(N))and light(K_(L))and their ratio(K_(N)/K_(L))at heading stage were significantly influenced by N rate,planting density,and their interaction.K_(N)decreased with the increase of N input or planting density.Compared to N1,K_(N)decreased by 43.5 and 58.8%under N2 and N3,respectively,while K_(N)under D2 decreased by 16.0%compared to D1.Higher K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values occurred under low N rates,with opposite trends under high N rates.Increased planting density led to decreased K_(L)and K_(N)/K_(L)values.N2D2 demonstrated higher K_(L)and K_(N),and thus comparable K_(N)/K_(L),compared to N3D1.Correlation analysis revealed K_(L)negatively correlated with RUE,while K_(N)and K_(N)/K_(L)positively correlated with NUEg.These findings indicate that increasing planting density under reduced N input could maintain rice yield while enhancing resource use efficiency through regulation of canopy light and N distribution.
基金We thank Dr.David Dayton at RTI International for his help and valuable comments.We acknowledge a contribution from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University,supported by funds partially provided by U.S.Department of Energy(Grant#:EE0003138)U.S.National Scientific Foundation(Grant#:HRD-1242152).Mention of a trade name,proprietary products or company name is for presentation clarity and does not imply endorsement by the authors or the university.
文摘A dense discrete phase model combined with the kinetic theory of granular flows was used to study the bubbling characteristics and segregation of poly-dispersed particle mixtures in a thin fluidized bed.Our simulations showed that in using the hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian method,the common use of one computational cell in the thickness direction of the thin bed does not predict wall friction correctly.Instead,a three-cell discretization of the thickness direction does predict the wall friction well but six cells were needed to prevent overprediction of the bed expansion.The change in specularity factor(SF)of the model not only affected the predictions of the velocity of particles,but also had a considerable impact on their flow pattern.A decrease in SF,which decreases wall friction,showed an over-prediction in the size of bubbles,particle velocities,and void fraction of the bed,and led to a shift in the circulation center toward the bottom of the bed.The segregation of the Geldart B particles was studied in the narrow range from 400 to 600μm with a standard deviation less than 10%of the average diameter.Simulations showed that large particles accumulated close to the distributor at the bottom of the bed and the center of the bed,but small particles moved towards the wall and top surface.The decrease in the mean particle size and spread in shape of the distribution improves mixing by up to 30%at a superficial gas velocity of around 2.5 times the minimum fluidization velocity.Log-normal mixtures with a small proportion of large particles had the most uniform distribution with a thin layer of jetsam forming at the bottom of the bed.Finally,experimental verification of the segregation and mixing of polydisperse particles with narrow size distribution is suggested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070534(to WY),32370567(to WY),82371874(to XL),81830032(to XL),82071421(to SL)Key Field Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,No.2018B030337001(to XL)+2 种基金Guangzhou Key Research Program on Brain Science,No.202007030008(to XL)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province,Nos.2021ZT09Y007,2020B121201006(to XL)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Nos.2022A1515012301(to WY),2023B1515020031(to WY).
文摘The vast majority of in vitro studies have demonstrated that PINK1 phosphorylates Parkin to work together in mitophagy to protect against neuronal degeneration.However,it remains largely unclear how PINK1 and Parkin are expressed in mammalian brains.This has been difficult to address because of the intrinsically low levels of PINK1 and undetectable levels of phosphorylated Parkin in small animals.Understanding this issue is critical for elucidating the in vivo roles of PINK1 and Parkin.Recently,we showed that the PINK1 kinase is selectively expressed as a truncated form(PINK1–55)in the primate brain.In the present study,we used multiple antibodies,including our recently developed monoclonal anti-PINK1,to validate the selective expression of PINK1 in the primate brain.We found that PINK1 was stably expressed in the monkey brain at postnatal and adulthood stages,which is consistent with the findings that depleting PINK1 can cause neuronal loss in developing and adult monkey brains.PINK1 was enriched in the membrane-bound fractionations,whereas Parkin was soluble with a distinguishable distribution.Immunofluorescent double staining experiments showed that PINK1 and Parkin did not colocalize under physiological conditions in cultured monkey astrocytes,though they did colocalize on mitochondria when the cells were exposed to mitochondrial stress.These findings suggest that PINK1 and Parkin may have distinct roles beyond their well-known function in mitophagy during mitochondrial damage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51808158,52170101,and 52200116)Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.23JCYBJC00640).
文摘The electrochemical corrosion of ductile pipes(DPs)in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS)has a crucial impact on cement-mortar lining(CML)failure and metal release,potentially leading to drinking water quality deterioration and posing a risk to public health.An in-situ scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET)with micron-scale resolution,microscopic scale detection and water quality analysis were used to investigate the corrosion behavior and metal release from DPs throughout the whole CML failure process.Metal pollutants release occurred at three different stages of CML failure process,and there are potential risks of water quality deterioration exceeding the maximum allowable levels set by national standards in the partial failure stage and lining peeling stage.Furthermore,the effects of water chemistry(Cl^(−),SO_(4)^(2−),NO_(3)−,and Ca^(2+))on corrosion scale growth and iron release activity,were investigated during the CML partial failure stage.Results showed that the CML failure process in DPs was accelerated by the autocatalysis of localized corrosion.Cl^(−)was found to damage the uncorroded metal surface,while SO_(4)^(2−)mainly dissolved the corrosion scale surface,increasing iron release.Both the oxidation of NO_(3)−and selective sedimentation of Ca2+were found to enhance the stability of corrosion scales and inhibit iron release.
基金the National Natural Science:Foundation of China(52375370)the Open Project of Salt Lake Chemical Engineering Research Complex,Qinghai University(2023-DXSSKF-Z02)+2 种基金the Nat-ural Science Foundation of Shanxi(202103021224049)GDAS Projects of International cooperation platform of Sci-ence and Technology(2022GDASZH-2022010203-003)Guangdong province Science and Technology Plan Projects(2023B1212060045).
文摘The dominated contradiction in optimizing the performance of magnesium-air battery anode lies in the difficulty of achieving a good balance between activation and passivation during discharge process.To further reconcile this contradiction,two Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag anodes with different residual strain distribution through extrusion with/without annealing are fabricated.The results indicate that annealing can significantly lessen the“pseudo-anode”regions,thereby changing the dissolution mode of the matrix and achieving an effective dissolution during discharge.Additionally,p-type semiconductor characteristic of discharge productfilm could suppress the self-corrosion reaction without reducing the polarization of anode.The magnesium-air battery utilizing annealed Mg-0.1Sc-0.1Y-0.1Ag as anode achieves a synergistic improvement in specific capacity(1388.89 mA h g^(-1))and energy density(1960.42 mW h g^(-1)).This anode modification method accelerates the advancement of high efficiency and long lifespan magnesium-air batteries,offering renewable and cost-effective energy solutions for electronics and emergency equipment.
基金the financial support for this research from the Program for the Program for young backbone teachers in Universities of Henan Province(No.2021GGJS007).
文摘Resilient smart urban water distribution networks are essential to ensure smooth urban operation and maintain daily water services.However,the dynamics and complexity of smart water distribution networks make its re-silience study face many challenges.The introduction of digital twin technology provides an innovative solution for the resilience study of smart water distribution networks,which can more effectively support the network’s real-time monitoring and intelligent control.This paper proposes a digital twin architecture of smart water dis-tribution networks,laying the foundation for the resilience assessment of water distribution networks.Based on this,a performance evaluation model based on user satisfaction is proposed,which can more intuitively and effectively reflect the performance of urban water supply services.Meanwhile,we propose a method to quantify the importance of water distribution pipes’residual resilience,considering the time value to optimize the re-covery sequence of failed pipes and develop targeted preventive maintenance strategies.Finally,to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,this paper applies it to a water distribution network.The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the resilience and enhance the overall resilience of smart urban water distribution networks.
基金supported by Poongsan-KAIST Future Research Center Projectthe fund support provided by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(Grant No.2023R1A2C2005661)。
文摘This study presents a machine learning-based method for predicting fragment velocity distribution in warhead fragmentation under explosive loading condition.The fragment resultant velocities are correlated with key design parameters including casing dimensions and detonation positions.The paper details the finite element analysis for fragmentation,the characterizations of the dynamic hardening and fracture models,the generation of comprehensive datasets,and the training of the ANN model.The results show the influence of casing dimensions on fragment velocity distributions,with the tendencies indicating increased resultant velocity with reduced thickness,increased length and diameter.The model's predictive capability is demonstrated through the accurate predictions for both training and testing datasets,showing its potential for the real-time prediction of fragmentation performance.
文摘BACKGROUND As red blood cell distribution width(RDW)and albumin have been shown to be independent predictors of mortality from various diseases,this study aimed to investigate the effect of the RDW to albumin ratio(RA)as an independent predictor of the prognosis of patients admitted to the coronary care unit(CCU).AIM To use the RDW and albumin level to predict the prognosis of patients in the CCU.METHODS Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart Intensive Care III database.The primary outcome was 365-day all-cause mortality,whereas the secondary outcomes were 30-and 90-day all-cause mortality,hospital length of stay(LOS),and CCU LOS.Cox proportional hazards regression model,propen-sity score matching,and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used.RESULTS The hazard ratio(95%confidence interval)of the upper tertile(RA>4.66)was 1.62(1.29 to 2.03)when compared with the reference(RA<3.84)in 365-day all-cause mortality.This trend persisted after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables in the propensity score-matching analysis.Similar trends were observed for the secondary outcomes of hospital and CCU LOS.Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed by combining the RA and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)scores,and the C-statistic was higher than that of the SOFA scores(0.733 vs 0.702,P<0.001).CONCLUSION RA is an independent prognostic factor in patients admitted to the CCU.RA combined with the SOFA score can improve the predictive ability of the SOFA score.However,our results should be verified in future prospective studies.
