Electrical parking lots(EPLs)play a vital role in the current energy system to achieve the decarbonization goal.This paper proposes a novel structure for integrating EPLs into a multi-carrier energy system(MCES)using ...Electrical parking lots(EPLs)play a vital role in the current energy system to achieve the decarbonization goal.This paper proposes a novel structure for integrating EPLs into a multi-carrier energy system(MCES)using a Stackelberg game theory approach.The bi-level optimization is used to model the Stackelberg game.Within this bi-level optimization model,the MCES operator minimizes the MCES cost by participating in the upstream energy market at the upper level,and the EPL operators maximize their profits by participating in the local energy market between the MCES operator and themselves at the lower level.At the upper level,the MCES operator faces uncertainties in the wind and PV systems.The bi-level multi-objective information gap decision theory(MO-IGDT)is employed to address uncertainties at the upper level of the Stackelberg game problem,resulting in a nested bi-level optimization model.The nested bi-level optimization problem is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)optimization problem using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker(KKT)conditions.The main research assumptions pertain to EPLs’privacy and the KKT-based approach.The results demonstrate that increasing the incentive/penalty price for self-sufficiency programs from 0.0$/%to 0.2$/%,with a 50%self-sufficiency target,can reduce MCES operation costs by 10.19%.展开更多
To adapt to the unique demand-supply features of accessory parking lots at passenger transport hubs,a mixed parking demand assignment method based on regression modeling is proposed.First,an optimal model aiming to mi...To adapt to the unique demand-supply features of accessory parking lots at passenger transport hubs,a mixed parking demand assignment method based on regression modeling is proposed.First,an optimal model aiming to minimize total time expenditure is constructed.It incorporates parking search time,walking time,and departure time,focusing on short-term parking features.Then,the information dimensions that the parking lot can obtain are evaluated,and three assignment strategies based on three types of regression models-linear regression(LR),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)-are proposed.A parking process simulation model is built using the traffic simulation package SUMO to facilitate data collection,model training,and case studies.Finally,the performance of the three strategies is com-pared,revealing that the XGBoost-based strategy performs the best in case parking lots,which reduces time expendi-ture by 29.3%and 37.2%,respectively,compared with the MLP-based strategy and LR-based strategy.This method offers diverse options for practical parking manage-ment.展开更多
In the future smart cities,parking lots(PLs)can accommodate hundreds of electric vehicles(EVs)at the same time.This trend creates an opportunity for PLs to serve as a potential flexibility resource,considering growing...In the future smart cities,parking lots(PLs)can accommodate hundreds of electric vehicles(EVs)at the same time.This trend creates an opportunity for PLs to serve as a potential flexibility resource,considering growing penetration of EVs and integration of distributed energy resources DER(such as photovoltaic and energy storages).Given this background,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to investigate the potential role of DER-integrated PLs(DPL)with the capability of vehicle-to-grid(V2G)in improving the reliability of the distribution network.For this aim,first,an overview for the distribution system with DPLs is provided.Then,a generic model for the available generation capacity(AGC)of DPLs with consideration of EV scheduling strategy is developed.On the above basis,an iterative-based algorithm leveraging sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented to quantify the contribution of DPLs to the reliability of the system.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a series of numerical studies are carried out.The simulation results show that the integration of DPLs with the V2G capability could help to improve the reliability performance of distribution grid to a great extent and reduce the adverse impact incurred by EV accommodation,if utilized properly.展开更多
Despite cities being recognized as being potential sources of microplastic pollution to the wider environment, most surveys of COVID-19 plastic-based litter have been undertaken through linear transects of marine beac...Despite cities being recognized as being potential sources of microplastic pollution to the wider environment, most surveys of COVID-19 plastic-based litter have been undertaken through linear transects of marine beaches. For the far fewer number of studies conducted on inland and urban locations, the site-specific focus has primarily been surveys along the length of streets. The present study is the first to specifically assess the standing stock (i.e., moment-in-time) of littered face masks for the entire surface area of urban parking lots. The density of face masks in 50 parking lots in a Canadian coastal town (0.00054 m2 ± 0.00051 m2) was found to be significantly greater than the background level of littering of town streets. Face mask density was significantly related to visitation “usage” of parking lots as gauged by the areal size of the lots and of their onsite buildings, as well as the number of vehicles present. Neither parking lot typology nor estimates of inferred export (various measures of wind exposure) and entrapment (various metrics of obstruction) of face masks had a significant influence on the extent of whole-lot littering. In consequence, modelling of the potential input of mask-derived microplastics to the marine environment from coastal communities can use the areal density of face masks found here in association with the total surface area of lots for individual municipalities as determined through GIS analysis.展开更多
In order to reduce the controlling difficulty caused by trajectory meandering and improve the adaptability to parking into regular lots,a versatile optimal planner(OP)is proposed.Taking advantage of the low speed spec...In order to reduce the controlling difficulty caused by trajectory meandering and improve the adaptability to parking into regular lots,a versatile optimal planner(OP)is proposed.Taking advantage of the low speed specificity of parking vehicle,the OP algorithm was modeled the planning problem as a convex optimization problem.Collision-free constraints were formalized into the shortest distance between convex sets by describing obstacles and autonomous vehicle as affine set.Since employing Lagrange dual function and combining KKT conditions,the collision-free constraints translated into convex functions.Taking the national standard into account,5 kinds of regular parking scenario,which contain 0°,30°,45°,60°and 90°parking lots,were designed to verify the OP algorithm.The results illustrate that it is benefit from the continuous and smooth trajectory generated by the OP method to track,keep vehicle's stability and improve ride comfort,compared with A*and hybrid A*algorithms.Moreover,the OP method has strong generality since it can ensure the success rate no less than 82%when parking planning is carried out at the start node of 369 different locations.Both of evaluation criteria,as the pear error and RMSE in x direction,y axis and Euclidean distance d,and heading deviation 6,are stable and feasible in real tests,which illustrates that the OP planner can satisfy the requirements of regular parking scenarios.展开更多
In order to solve the problem that the drivers can't find the optimal parking lot timely,a reservation based optimal parking lot recommendation model in Internet of Vehicle(IoV) environment is designed.Based on th...In order to solve the problem that the drivers can't find the optimal parking lot timely,a reservation based optimal parking lot recommendation model in Internet of Vehicle(IoV) environment is designed.Based on the users oriented parking information recommendation system,the model considers subjective demands of drivers comprehensively,makes a deeply analysis of the evaluation indicators.This recommendation model uses a phased selection method to calculate the optimal objective parking lot.The first stage is screening which based on the users' subjective parking demands;the second stage is processing the candidate parking lots through multiple attribute decision making.Simulation experiments show that this model can effectively solve the problems encountered in the process of finding optimal parking lot,save the driver's parking time and parking costs and also improve the overall utilization of parking facilities to ease the traffic congestion caused by vehicles parked patrol.展开更多
Using CiteSpace visualization software,literature research on roof parking lot in recent 20 years is analyzed,and the research direction and development of the relevant papers are integrated and induced.From utilizati...Using CiteSpace visualization software,literature research on roof parking lot in recent 20 years is analyzed,and the research direction and development of the relevant papers are integrated and induced.From utilization development,roof greening and technical practice,overall consideration and grasp of the feasibility of roof parking lot are conducted.Realization paths of two kinds of roof parking lots are provided:suspended PRT stereo parking lot and telescopic rail elevator,and it is committed to providing feasible suggestions and reference for future roof parking lot.展开更多
The different land use surrounding parking facility has significant impact on parking behavior. This paper studies the functional classification of land use surrounding parking facility, which is fundamentally importa...The different land use surrounding parking facility has significant impact on parking behavior. This paper studies the functional classification of land use surrounding parking facility, which is fundamentally important for indepth research on parking behavior. 37 parking facilities located between the second and sixth ring roadway in Beijing were selected for this study. Based on the surveys conducted at these parking facilities, various parking behavior were analyzed, based on which the scope of the different parking was determined. The information on location, land use characteristics, public transport, the surrounding parking situations are collected for each investigated parking facility. Applying the SPSS clustering method, the threshold was developed for the classification. Totally, five categories are proposed for the land use functionality surrounding parking facility as the results of this study.展开更多
In recent years,disorderly parking and difficult charging of electric bicycles have been challenges in urban management.The rapid growth of electric bicycles is in contradiction with the lack of dedicated parking spac...In recent years,disorderly parking and difficult charging of electric bicycles have been challenges in urban management.The rapid growth of electric bicycles is in contradiction with the lack of dedicated parking spaces and charging service facilities in towns and villages.To solve the issue of parking and charging electric bicycles in limited urban and rural spaces,prefabricated building technology is applied to the design of a multi-story electric bicycle parking lot.The multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lot is utilized in urban and rural planning and design to upgrade parking facilities in old urban areas,land-constrained commercial areas,as well as counties,towns,and rural areas with inadequate municipal facilities.Multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lots are the application exploration of industrial buildings,and promote the high-quality development planning and construction of towns and counties and villages.Compared with the single-story metal charging station,the multi-story assembled electric bicycle parking lot has the characteristics of integrating parking and charging,being more durable and safer in structure,accommodating a large number of vehicles,and improving the space utilization rate.展开更多
With the popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),a large number of EVs will become a burden to the future grid with arbitrary charging management.It is of vital significance to the control of the EVs charging and dischar...With the popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),a large number of EVs will become a burden to the future grid with arbitrary charging management.It is of vital significance to the control of the EVs charging and discharging state appropriately to enable the EVs to become friendly to the grid.Therefore,considering the potential for EVs seen as energy storage devices,this paper proposes a multiport DC-DC solid state transformer topology for bidirectional photovoltaic/battery-assisted EV parking lot with vehicle-to-grid service(V2G-PVBP).Relying on the energy storage function of EVs,V2G-PVBP is able to not only satisfy the normal requirements of EVs’owner,but also provide the function of load shifting and load regulation to the microgrid.In this paper,EVs are categorized into limited EV and freedom EV.Limited EVs are always kept in charging state and freedom EVs can take part in the load regulation of the microgrid.The proposed adaptive bidirectional droop control is designed for freedom EVs to make them autonomously charge or discharge with certain power which according to each EV’s state of charge,battery capacity,leaving time,and other factors to maintain the stability of the future microgrid.Eventually,the simulation and experiment of the adaptive bidirectional droop control based V2G-PVBP are provided to prove the availability of V2G-PVBP.展开更多
In order to solve the problems of road traffic congestion and the increasing parking time caused by the imbalance of parking lot supply and demand,this paper proposes an asymptotically optimal public parking lot locat...In order to solve the problems of road traffic congestion and the increasing parking time caused by the imbalance of parking lot supply and demand,this paper proposes an asymptotically optimal public parking lot location algorithm based on intuitive reasoning to optimize the parking lot location problem.Guided by the idea of intuitive reasoning,we use walking distance as indicator to measure the variability among location data and build a combinatorial optimization model aimed at guiding search decisions in the solution space of complex problems to find optimal solutions.First,Selective Attention Mechanism(SAM)is introduced to reduce the search space by adaptively focusing on the important information in the features.Then,Quantum Annealing(QA)algorithm with quantum tunneling effect is used to jump out of the local extremum in the search space with high probability and further approach the global optimal solution.Experiments on the parking lot location dataset in Luohu District,Shenzhen,show that the proposed method has improved the accuracy and running speed of the solution,and the asymptotic optimality of the algorithm and its effectiveness in solving the public parking lot location problem are verified.展开更多
Strolling down a busy street,waiting in a parking lot or standing at the entrance of a scenic spot,many have encountered the sharp,unwelcome sting of cigarette smoke hanging heavily in the air.
基金supported by the first Cycle of ARG Grant No.ARG01-0504-230073,from the Qatar Research,Development and Innovation(QRDI)Council,Qatar.The findings herein reflect the work,and are solely the responsibility,of the authors.The authors also gratefully acknowledge support from Qatar University.
文摘Electrical parking lots(EPLs)play a vital role in the current energy system to achieve the decarbonization goal.This paper proposes a novel structure for integrating EPLs into a multi-carrier energy system(MCES)using a Stackelberg game theory approach.The bi-level optimization is used to model the Stackelberg game.Within this bi-level optimization model,the MCES operator minimizes the MCES cost by participating in the upstream energy market at the upper level,and the EPL operators maximize their profits by participating in the local energy market between the MCES operator and themselves at the lower level.At the upper level,the MCES operator faces uncertainties in the wind and PV systems.The bi-level multi-objective information gap decision theory(MO-IGDT)is employed to address uncertainties at the upper level of the Stackelberg game problem,resulting in a nested bi-level optimization model.The nested bi-level optimization problem is converted into a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)optimization problem using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker(KKT)conditions.The main research assumptions pertain to EPLs’privacy and the KKT-based approach.The results demonstrate that increasing the incentive/penalty price for self-sufficiency programs from 0.0$/%to 0.2$/%,with a 50%self-sufficiency target,can reduce MCES operation costs by 10.19%.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52302388)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230853).
文摘To adapt to the unique demand-supply features of accessory parking lots at passenger transport hubs,a mixed parking demand assignment method based on regression modeling is proposed.First,an optimal model aiming to minimize total time expenditure is constructed.It incorporates parking search time,walking time,and departure time,focusing on short-term parking features.Then,the information dimensions that the parking lot can obtain are evaluated,and three assignment strategies based on three types of regression models-linear regression(LR),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and multilayer perceptron(MLP)-are proposed.A parking process simulation model is built using the traffic simulation package SUMO to facilitate data collection,model training,and case studies.Finally,the performance of the three strategies is com-pared,revealing that the XGBoost-based strategy performs the best in case parking lots,which reduces time expendi-ture by 29.3%and 37.2%,respectively,compared with the MLP-based strategy and LR-based strategy.This method offers diverse options for practical parking manage-ment.
基金financially supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(No.19ZDA081)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020MS067).
文摘In the future smart cities,parking lots(PLs)can accommodate hundreds of electric vehicles(EVs)at the same time.This trend creates an opportunity for PLs to serve as a potential flexibility resource,considering growing penetration of EVs and integration of distributed energy resources DER(such as photovoltaic and energy storages).Given this background,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework to investigate the potential role of DER-integrated PLs(DPL)with the capability of vehicle-to-grid(V2G)in improving the reliability of the distribution network.For this aim,first,an overview for the distribution system with DPLs is provided.Then,a generic model for the available generation capacity(AGC)of DPLs with consideration of EV scheduling strategy is developed.On the above basis,an iterative-based algorithm leveraging sequential Monte Carlo simulation is presented to quantify the contribution of DPLs to the reliability of the system.In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,a series of numerical studies are carried out.The simulation results show that the integration of DPLs with the V2G capability could help to improve the reliability performance of distribution grid to a great extent and reduce the adverse impact incurred by EV accommodation,if utilized properly.
文摘Despite cities being recognized as being potential sources of microplastic pollution to the wider environment, most surveys of COVID-19 plastic-based litter have been undertaken through linear transects of marine beaches. For the far fewer number of studies conducted on inland and urban locations, the site-specific focus has primarily been surveys along the length of streets. The present study is the first to specifically assess the standing stock (i.e., moment-in-time) of littered face masks for the entire surface area of urban parking lots. The density of face masks in 50 parking lots in a Canadian coastal town (0.00054 m2 ± 0.00051 m2) was found to be significantly greater than the background level of littering of town streets. Face mask density was significantly related to visitation “usage” of parking lots as gauged by the areal size of the lots and of their onsite buildings, as well as the number of vehicles present. Neither parking lot typology nor estimates of inferred export (various measures of wind exposure) and entrapment (various metrics of obstruction) of face masks had a significant influence on the extent of whole-lot littering. In consequence, modelling of the potential input of mask-derived microplastics to the marine environment from coastal communities can use the areal density of face masks found here in association with the total surface area of lots for individual municipalities as determined through GIS analysis.
文摘In order to reduce the controlling difficulty caused by trajectory meandering and improve the adaptability to parking into regular lots,a versatile optimal planner(OP)is proposed.Taking advantage of the low speed specificity of parking vehicle,the OP algorithm was modeled the planning problem as a convex optimization problem.Collision-free constraints were formalized into the shortest distance between convex sets by describing obstacles and autonomous vehicle as affine set.Since employing Lagrange dual function and combining KKT conditions,the collision-free constraints translated into convex functions.Taking the national standard into account,5 kinds of regular parking scenario,which contain 0°,30°,45°,60°and 90°parking lots,were designed to verify the OP algorithm.The results illustrate that it is benefit from the continuous and smooth trajectory generated by the OP method to track,keep vehicle's stability and improve ride comfort,compared with A*and hybrid A*algorithms.Moreover,the OP method has strong generality since it can ensure the success rate no less than 82%when parking planning is carried out at the start node of 369 different locations.Both of evaluation criteria,as the pear error and RMSE in x direction,y axis and Euclidean distance d,and heading deviation 6,are stable and feasible in real tests,which illustrates that the OP planner can satisfy the requirements of regular parking scenarios.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.60903176the Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong under Grants No.ZR2012FM010,No.ZR2010FQ028+1 种基金the Program for Youth science and technology starfund of Jinan No.TNK1108the Sub-Project of the National Key Technology R&D Program No.2012BAF12B07-3
文摘In order to solve the problem that the drivers can't find the optimal parking lot timely,a reservation based optimal parking lot recommendation model in Internet of Vehicle(IoV) environment is designed.Based on the users oriented parking information recommendation system,the model considers subjective demands of drivers comprehensively,makes a deeply analysis of the evaluation indicators.This recommendation model uses a phased selection method to calculate the optimal objective parking lot.The first stage is screening which based on the users' subjective parking demands;the second stage is processing the candidate parking lots through multiple attribute decision making.Simulation experiments show that this model can effectively solve the problems encountered in the process of finding optimal parking lot,save the driver's parking time and parking costs and also improve the overall utilization of parking facilities to ease the traffic congestion caused by vehicles parked patrol.
文摘Using CiteSpace visualization software,literature research on roof parking lot in recent 20 years is analyzed,and the research direction and development of the relevant papers are integrated and induced.From utilization development,roof greening and technical practice,overall consideration and grasp of the feasibility of roof parking lot are conducted.Realization paths of two kinds of roof parking lots are provided:suspended PRT stereo parking lot and telescopic rail elevator,and it is committed to providing feasible suggestions and reference for future roof parking lot.
文摘The different land use surrounding parking facility has significant impact on parking behavior. This paper studies the functional classification of land use surrounding parking facility, which is fundamentally important for indepth research on parking behavior. 37 parking facilities located between the second and sixth ring roadway in Beijing were selected for this study. Based on the surveys conducted at these parking facilities, various parking behavior were analyzed, based on which the scope of the different parking was determined. The information on location, land use characteristics, public transport, the surrounding parking situations are collected for each investigated parking facility. Applying the SPSS clustering method, the threshold was developed for the classification. Totally, five categories are proposed for the land use functionality surrounding parking facility as the results of this study.
文摘In recent years,disorderly parking and difficult charging of electric bicycles have been challenges in urban management.The rapid growth of electric bicycles is in contradiction with the lack of dedicated parking spaces and charging service facilities in towns and villages.To solve the issue of parking and charging electric bicycles in limited urban and rural spaces,prefabricated building technology is applied to the design of a multi-story electric bicycle parking lot.The multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lot is utilized in urban and rural planning and design to upgrade parking facilities in old urban areas,land-constrained commercial areas,as well as counties,towns,and rural areas with inadequate municipal facilities.Multi-story prefabricated electric bicycle parking lots are the application exploration of industrial buildings,and promote the high-quality development planning and construction of towns and counties and villages.Compared with the single-story metal charging station,the multi-story assembled electric bicycle parking lot has the characteristics of integrating parking and charging,being more durable and safer in structure,accommodating a large number of vehicles,and improving the space utilization rate.
基金This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0702200)National Natural Science Foundation of China(61773109,6143304)Major Program of National Natural Foundation of China(61573094).
文摘With the popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),a large number of EVs will become a burden to the future grid with arbitrary charging management.It is of vital significance to the control of the EVs charging and discharging state appropriately to enable the EVs to become friendly to the grid.Therefore,considering the potential for EVs seen as energy storage devices,this paper proposes a multiport DC-DC solid state transformer topology for bidirectional photovoltaic/battery-assisted EV parking lot with vehicle-to-grid service(V2G-PVBP).Relying on the energy storage function of EVs,V2G-PVBP is able to not only satisfy the normal requirements of EVs’owner,but also provide the function of load shifting and load regulation to the microgrid.In this paper,EVs are categorized into limited EV and freedom EV.Limited EVs are always kept in charging state and freedom EVs can take part in the load regulation of the microgrid.The proposed adaptive bidirectional droop control is designed for freedom EVs to make them autonomously charge or discharge with certain power which according to each EV’s state of charge,battery capacity,leaving time,and other factors to maintain the stability of the future microgrid.Eventually,the simulation and experiment of the adaptive bidirectional droop control based V2G-PVBP are provided to prove the availability of V2G-PVBP.
基金supported by the Special Zone Project of National Defense Innovation and the Science and Technology Program of Education Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ171503).
文摘In order to solve the problems of road traffic congestion and the increasing parking time caused by the imbalance of parking lot supply and demand,this paper proposes an asymptotically optimal public parking lot location algorithm based on intuitive reasoning to optimize the parking lot location problem.Guided by the idea of intuitive reasoning,we use walking distance as indicator to measure the variability among location data and build a combinatorial optimization model aimed at guiding search decisions in the solution space of complex problems to find optimal solutions.First,Selective Attention Mechanism(SAM)is introduced to reduce the search space by adaptively focusing on the important information in the features.Then,Quantum Annealing(QA)algorithm with quantum tunneling effect is used to jump out of the local extremum in the search space with high probability and further approach the global optimal solution.Experiments on the parking lot location dataset in Luohu District,Shenzhen,show that the proposed method has improved the accuracy and running speed of the solution,and the asymptotic optimality of the algorithm and its effectiveness in solving the public parking lot location problem are verified.
文摘Strolling down a busy street,waiting in a parking lot or standing at the entrance of a scenic spot,many have encountered the sharp,unwelcome sting of cigarette smoke hanging heavily in the air.
