The construction of“park cities”requires a systematic thinking to coordinate the networked development of park system and break through the limitation of emphasizing scale and grade and neglecting dynamic correlatio...The construction of“park cities”requires a systematic thinking to coordinate the networked development of park system and break through the limitation of emphasizing scale and grade and neglecting dynamic correlation in traditional planning.Taking Haidian District of Beijing as an example,the social network analysis method is introduced to construct the network model of park green spaces.Through indicators such as clustering coefficient,network density and node centrality,the characteristics of its spatial structure and hierarchical relationship are analyzed.It is found that the network integrity presents the characteristics of“highly local concentration and global fragmentation”,fragmented park green space network and missing spatial connection,isolated clusters and collaborative failure,as well as the spatial mismatch between population and resource supply and demand.Hierarchical issues include“structural imbalance and functional disorder”,disorder between network hierarchy and park level,misalignment of functional hierarchy leading to weakened network risk resistance capacity,and a relatively dense distribution of core nodes,etc.In response to the above problems,a multi-level spatial intervention strategy should be adopted to solve the overall problem of the network.Meanwhile,it is needed to clarify the positioning of a park itself and improve the hierarchical system,so as to construct a multi-level and multi-scale park green space network,contribute to the construction of a park city,and provide residents with more diverse activity venues.展开更多
Having experienced a high economic growth rate,China is entering into a low one as the country needs to carry out policy reforms for better governance.In recent years,the national park system reform has been one of th...Having experienced a high economic growth rate,China is entering into a low one as the country needs to carry out policy reforms for better governance.In recent years,the national park system reform has been one of the pilot policies that has attracted great attention from local governments and the public.The central government established corresponding management systems during the institutional restructuring in 2018,and five out of ten pilots were selected due to their good performance on policy reform in 2021.This paper provides an overview of the policy background,a general introduction to the system,and a discussion of policy implementations.Our research suggests that China’s national parks need to improve their laws and regulations and establish an eco-compensation mechanism to encourage residents to participate in conservation and receive increasing benefits through green development.展开更多
To make full use of Chinese natural heritage resources and achieve their sustainable development, it is imperative and necessary to construct Chinese National Park System. Based on the theory of sustainable developmen...To make full use of Chinese natural heritage resources and achieve their sustainable development, it is imperative and necessary to construct Chinese National Park System. Based on the theory of sustainable development and the connotation of national park, this paper will discuss the signifi cance of establishing Chinese National Park System and then propose some measures. Chinese National Park System can be constructed from four levels, including policy, management, economic and social levels, and through such ways as reconstructing the national conservation system, making laws and regulations, establishing planning system, setting up independent and specialized regulatory agency, adopting way of franchising, innovating funding investment mechanisms and establishing mechanisms of public participation.展开更多
A single nomenclature for national park terminology has evolved into a massive global data network from information gathered together from the past 140 years.This has been created using the most recent UNEP-WDPA data ...A single nomenclature for national park terminology has evolved into a massive global data network from information gathered together from the past 140 years.This has been created using the most recent UNEP-WDPA data and its 98483 national designation records from 192 countries,two other customized databases accommodating 2638 records of officially designated national parks from 184 jurisdictions around the globe,and 2064 records of extended Chinese national park sites.However,mushrooming designations and growing databases are posing significant challenges even though the IUCN and UNEP have both devoted efforts to build and promote a common language called the ＂System of Management Categories for Protected Areas＂.Thus conversely the best possible outcome and the worst confusion might have originated from the same objective that is known by the simple moniker as a national park.This is why much more work needs to be done to enhance communication among different stakeholders from the world.In this paper,the authors are intending to demonstrate that China＇s government agencies should boost a dialogue with the UNEP-WDPA operating staff in order that the current innovative national park programs are recognized by the global community.Meanwhile,the authors also recommend that IUCN needs to revise and refresh the current protected area classification system for the purpose of effectively servicing the diverse stakeholders in such a diversified world of national park systems around the globe.展开更多
Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an impo...Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an important component of low carbon landscape construction,the construction of urban pocket park system based on mini-parks plays a crucial role in improving the urban greening level,increasing the urban green space,alleviating the urban pressure,improving the living and healthy environment of urban residents,and promoting the urban ecological balance.Taking Chaowai district of Beijing as an example,this paper calculates the ecological value of trees including energy contribution,carbon sequestration,ability to improve rainfall runoff and aesthetic value by collecting the information of trees and the plot on which the trees are located through the i-Tree platform,which provides important reference value for the urban pocket park system planning to create low carbon comprehensive benefits.展开更多
Steam power systems(SPSs)in industrial parks are the typical utility systems for heat and electricity supply.In SPSs,electricity is generated by steam turbines,and steam is generally produced and supplied at multiple ...Steam power systems(SPSs)in industrial parks are the typical utility systems for heat and electricity supply.In SPSs,electricity is generated by steam turbines,and steam is generally produced and supplied at multiple levels to serve the heat demands of consumers with different temperature grades,so that energy is utilized in cascade.While a large number of steam levels enhances energy utilization efficiency,it also tends to cause a complex steam pipeline network in the industrial park.In practice,a moderate number of steam levels is always adopted in SPSs,leading to temperature mismatches between heat supply and demand for some consumers.This study proposes a distributed steam turbine system(DSTS)consisting of main steam turbines on the energy supply side and auxiliary steam turbines on the energy consumption side,aiming to balance the heat production costs,the distance-related costs,and the electricity generation of SPSs in industrial parks.A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established for the optimization of SPSs,with the objective of minimizing the total annual cost(TAC).The optimal number of steam levels and the optimal configuration of DSTS for an industrial park can be determined by solving the model.A case study demonstrates that the TAC of the SPS is reduced by 220.6×10^(3)USD(2.21%)through the arrangement of auxiliary steam turbines.The sub-optimal number of steam levels and a non-optimal operating condition slightly increase the TAC by 0.46%and 0.28%,respectively.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal number of steam levels tends to decrease from 3 to 2 as electricity price declines.展开更多
Hybrid energy storage can enhance the economic performance and reliability of energy systems in industrial parks,while lowering the industrial parks’carbon emissions and accommodating diverse load demands from users....Hybrid energy storage can enhance the economic performance and reliability of energy systems in industrial parks,while lowering the industrial parks’carbon emissions and accommodating diverse load demands from users.However,most optimization research on hybrid energy storage has adopted rulebased passive-control principles,failing to fully leverage the advantages of active energy storage.To address this gap in the literature,this study develops a detailed model for an industrial park energy system with hybrid energy storage(IPES-HES),taking into account the operational characteristics of energy devices such as lithium batteries and thermal storage tanks.An active operation strategy for hybrid energy storage is proposed that uses decision variables based on hourly power outputs from the energy storage of the subsequent day.An optimization configuration model for an IPES-HES is formulated with the goals of reducing costs and lowering carbon emissions and is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ).A method using the improved NSGA-Ⅱ is developed for day-ahead nonlinear scheduling,based on configuration optimization.The research findings indicate that the system energy bill and the peak power of the IPES-HES under the optimization-based operational strategy are reduced by 181.4 USD(5.5%)and 1600.3 kW(43.7%),respectively,compared with an operation strategy based on proportional electricity storage on a typical summer day.Overall,the day-ahead nonlinear optimal scheduling method developed in this study offers guidance to fully harness the advantages of active energy storage.展开更多
This study focuses on the ecosystem cultural service quality of Qu County Congren Valley Forest Park from the perspective of tourist perception.Using the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)questionnaire survey method...This study focuses on the ecosystem cultural service quality of Qu County Congren Valley Forest Park from the perspective of tourist perception.Using the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)questionnaire survey method and SPSS data analysis techniques,we systematically evaluate tourists’cognitive differences and improvement paths regarding the cultural service value of the scenic area.Based on the nonmaterial characteristics of ecosystem cultural services,combined with the unique Congren culture and natural landscape resources of Congren Valley,we designed a five-dimensional scale including natural landscape and ecological protection,cultural display and interpretation services,cultural activity participation and experience,infrastructure and supporting services,and safety management.This covers tourists’evaluations of the importance of elements such as cultural displays,interpretation systems,interactive activities,and facility support,as well as their actual satisfaction feedback.Through descriptive statistical analysis,reliability and validity testing,factor analysis,and IPA matrix analysis,we reveal the core contradictions and improvement directions perceived by tourists.The study found that the convenience of facilities such as signage,rest areas,toilets,roads,and the cleanliness of the scenic area are key areas for improvement.Additionally,different age groups perceive differences in the cultural service quality of the Congren Valley Forest Park ecosystem.The study concludes that tourists have a high level of concern for the convenience of scenic infrastructure and sanitary environment.Improving these facilities can help increase tourist satisfaction and the overall service quality of the scenic area.Simultaneously,meeting the needs of segmented markets and constructing a three-in-one service system of“deep excavation of cultural symbols–digital storytelling–immersive scenes”is recommended.展开更多
In the pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality goals,multi-energy parks,as major energy consumers and carbon emitters,urgently require low-carbon operational strategies.This paper proposes an electricity-carbon syner...In the pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality goals,multi-energy parks,as major energy consumers and carbon emitters,urgently require low-carbon operational strategies.This paper proposes an electricity-carbon synergy-driven optimization method for the low-carbon operation ofmulti-energy parks.Themethod integratesmultienergy complementary scheduling with a tiered carbon trading mechanism to balance operational security,economic efficiency,and environmental objectives.A mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to characterize the coupling relationships and dynamic behaviors of key equipment,including photovoltaic systems,ground-source heat pumps,thermal storage electric boilers,combined heat and power units,and electrical energy storage systems.Furthermore,a tiered carbon trading model is established that incorporates carbon quota allocation and tiered carbon pricing to internalize carbon costs and discourage high-emission practices.Multi-scenario comparative analyses demonstrate that the electricity-carbon synergy scenario achieves a 42.64%reduction in carbon emissions compared to economy-oriented operation,while limiting the increase in operational costs to 20.85%.The carbon-prioritized scenario further reduces emissions by 9.7%,underscoring the inhibitory effect of the tiered carbon pricing mechanism on highcarbon activities.Sensitivity analyses confirm the model’s robustness against fluctuations in energy load,uncertainty in renewable generation,and variations in carbon price.This optimization method provides theoretical support for multi-energy coordinated scheduling and carbon responsibility allocation in industrial parks,offering valuable insights for promoting green transformation initiatives.展开更多
In an era of profound changes to global trade,food security,and industrial organization,the ChinaIndonesia“Two Countries,Twin Parks”initiative has emerged as a strategic experiment with farreaching implications.Anch...In an era of profound changes to global trade,food security,and industrial organization,the ChinaIndonesia“Two Countries,Twin Parks”initiative has emerged as a strategic experiment with farreaching implications.Anchored in marine protein processing and advanced food manufacturing,this collaboration reflects not only a convergence of economic interests but also a deliberate rethinking of how China engages with global resources,technology,and partners.展开更多
As one of the oldest and best-known park systems,the US National Park System continues to influence park systems around the world.However,the origins and wide diversity of US national parks are often not fully underst...As one of the oldest and best-known park systems,the US National Park System continues to influence park systems around the world.However,the origins and wide diversity of US national parks are often not fully understood as there is a long-lived misconception that the large western parks represent the entirety of the US National Park System.In fact,the establishment of the first US national parks was heavily influenced by large 19th-century picturesque urban parks that provided benefits to the public and society.The foundational concept of national parks serving a public purpose has never changed,however,the types of landscapes selected as national parks have changed as societal values have evolved and now the system provides public benefits beyond those originally envisioned.This paper examines the development of the US National Park System,emphasising the evolution of landscape values.The emergence of the cultural landscape concept illustrates the evolution of landscape values from their early antecedents in the late 19th century to their contributions to innovative conservation strategies today.Throughout the development of the US National Park System,international exchange has and continues to play a pivotal role,advancing the inter-linkages of culture and nature for the most effective conservation.展开更多
The feasibility of underground space utilization in urban parks, the function and scale of underground space were explored, also the role, composition, quantification of the index system of underground space utilizati...The feasibility of underground space utilization in urban parks, the function and scale of underground space were explored, also the role, composition, quantification of the index system of underground space utilization in urban parks were analyzed, and the corresponding conceptual framework of index system were proposed.展开更多
Based on the idea of system,the paper had analyzed components of garden road system in urban park and their relations from the perspective of function,pattern and facility,and established framework of garden road syst...Based on the idea of system,the paper had analyzed components of garden road system in urban park and their relations from the perspective of function,pattern and facility,and established framework of garden road system for guidance of garden road construction.After introduction of the connotation of garden road system,its attributes were summarized which were isolated elements,integrated collection,clear level and dynamic development;and its functional composition had been concluded from the aspects of practical function and social function.Practical functions contained traffic organization and guidance tour,space division and landscape composition,facility organization and habitat improvement.Social functions consisted of communication and education function.The pattern of garden road system had been introduced in terms of pattern elements,level structure and layout form.Facilities of garden road system had been classified into five categories covering rest facilities,ornamental facilities,light facilities,display facilities and service facilities.展开更多
Park system planning has been regarded as a systematic, effi cient and rational approach that uses nature to organize and guide the social and spatial development of cities. As an important tool for city planning deve...Park system planning has been regarded as a systematic, effi cient and rational approach that uses nature to organize and guide the social and spatial development of cities. As an important tool for city planning development, it became an international phenomenon fostering international communications, in the meantime promoted individual expressions of nature, and became one of the crucial planning strategies to reshape China's modern cityscape. This paper investigates the diffusion and development of park system planning in Chinese cities during early 20^(th) century. It elucidates the theoretical origins and practical experiments, identifi es the selective and diversifi ed transfer of Western models, and further reveals the insights of transnational urbanism and national identity. The research intends to provide some reference for the planning of park and green space system in contemporary Chinese cities under the background of globalization.展开更多
The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent ...The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent had been introduced and two assumptions had been proposed to eliminate externality.As for elimination of externality during development of urban forest park,right to use planning land for urban forest park and surrounding land for real estate development would be sold to estate agent who would develop urban forest park and commodity house;the management of forest urban park would be undertaken by tourism development companies for which estate agent would make compensation.As for elimination of externality during tourism consumption process,it would control with policies and laws,or establish ticket system.As the study hadn't been conducted on policies about urban land and real estate,the feasibility of the first assumption needed to be further studied by environmental economists.展开更多
Background:With an increase in the evidence for the associations between park-based physical activity(PA)and physical environments(especially park and neighborhood environments),researchers face an important challenge...Background:With an increase in the evidence for the associations between park-based physical activity(PA)and physical environments(especially park and neighborhood environments),researchers face an important challenge in interpreting and summarizing the evidence to develop environ?mental change interventions.An updated review is needed to better inform policymaking and environmental interventions.The current study aimed to systematically review the research on the associations of park-based PA with park and neighborhood environmental characteristics.Methods:We targeted English peer-reviewed articles from 5 electronic databases using keywords related to park-based PA,park environments,and neighborhood environments.Of the 4071 identified papers,25 studies published between 2008 and 2016 met all the eligibility criteria and were included in this review.Results:The characteristics of physical environment that received consistent support included paths/trails,lighting,and incivilities(e.g.,broken glasses and litter).Mixed findings were revealed for 6 park environmental factors(unspecified active facilities,playgrounds and skating areas,fit?ness stations,picnic areas,greenness,and park size)and 2 neighborhood environmental factors(park density and park proximity).Conclusion:It can be concluded that paths/trails,lighting,and incivilities are 3 key physical environmental attributes of park-based PA.Given the inconsistent findings on park and neighborhood environmental factors,more robust designs such as prospective investigation are required.展开更多
Species diversity exhibit a close relationship with ecosystem services, and making clear the relationship can help us understand the service value and functional mechanism of ecosystems and take measures to promote hu...Species diversity exhibit a close relationship with ecosystem services, and making clear the relationship can help us understand the service value and functional mechanism of ecosystems and take measures to promote human well-being. Here, we used species survey data and multi-source habitat factors to simulate the spatial distribution of species richness and four types of ecosystem services(water production, net primary productivity, carbon storage, and habitat quality) in Sanjiangyuan National Park located in Qinghai Province, China. We also analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and explored the spatial relationship between species richness and ecosystem services through Geo Detector analyses. We found that high species richness in Sanjiangyuan National Park was shown to be mainly distributed in areas with high vegetation growth on both sides of rivers. The effect of climate on the spatial distribution of species richness in the park is the highest among all the selected environmental variables. For the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem services, the relative correlation strength of single ecosystem service varied among the three main ecosystems(grassland, meadow, and wetland) and all relations are positive.展开更多
Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives.Understanding the role of agriculture,which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rur...Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives.Understanding the role of agriculture,which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rural China,is critical for managing conservation networks considering that limited spatial areas are available for enclosed protected areas.Important Agricultural Heritage Systems stand out for their multi-functionality,and some of their values are compatible with nature conservation.This paper examined the concept,management objectives and resource management characteristics of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)by analysing their interactions with national parks in terms of community development.The results reveal that management strategies of dynamic conservation,integrated protection and adaptive management of the IAHS can contribute to those national park management objectives concerning conservation-compatible livelihood.However,the typology of the protected area system,including the traditional agricultural system as a new type,needs further consideration.展开更多
文摘The construction of“park cities”requires a systematic thinking to coordinate the networked development of park system and break through the limitation of emphasizing scale and grade and neglecting dynamic correlation in traditional planning.Taking Haidian District of Beijing as an example,the social network analysis method is introduced to construct the network model of park green spaces.Through indicators such as clustering coefficient,network density and node centrality,the characteristics of its spatial structure and hierarchical relationship are analyzed.It is found that the network integrity presents the characteristics of“highly local concentration and global fragmentation”,fragmented park green space network and missing spatial connection,isolated clusters and collaborative failure,as well as the spatial mismatch between population and resource supply and demand.Hierarchical issues include“structural imbalance and functional disorder”,disorder between network hierarchy and park level,misalignment of functional hierarchy leading to weakened network risk resistance capacity,and a relatively dense distribution of core nodes,etc.In response to the above problems,a multi-level spatial intervention strategy should be adopted to solve the overall problem of the network.Meanwhile,it is needed to clarify the positioning of a park itself and improve the hierarchical system,so as to construct a multi-level and multi-scale park green space network,contribute to the construction of a park city,and provide residents with more diverse activity venues.
基金supported by Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy,and the Jiangsu Provincial Decision-making Consulting Research Base Project [Grant No.24SSL118].
文摘Having experienced a high economic growth rate,China is entering into a low one as the country needs to carry out policy reforms for better governance.In recent years,the national park system reform has been one of the pilot policies that has attracted great attention from local governments and the public.The central government established corresponding management systems during the institutional restructuring in 2018,and five out of ten pilots were selected due to their good performance on policy reform in 2021.This paper provides an overview of the policy background,a general introduction to the system,and a discussion of policy implementations.Our research suggests that China’s national parks need to improve their laws and regulations and establish an eco-compensation mechanism to encourage residents to participate in conservation and receive increasing benefits through green development.
基金Sponsored by National Social Science Fund(14CGL020)
文摘To make full use of Chinese natural heritage resources and achieve their sustainable development, it is imperative and necessary to construct Chinese National Park System. Based on the theory of sustainable development and the connotation of national park, this paper will discuss the signifi cance of establishing Chinese National Park System and then propose some measures. Chinese National Park System can be constructed from four levels, including policy, management, economic and social levels, and through such ways as reconstructing the national conservation system, making laws and regulations, establishing planning system, setting up independent and specialized regulatory agency, adopting way of franchising, innovating funding investment mechanisms and establishing mechanisms of public participation.
基金Lab Construction Support Funding for Returned Oversea Scholars,Ministry of Education,No.[2003]18
文摘A single nomenclature for national park terminology has evolved into a massive global data network from information gathered together from the past 140 years.This has been created using the most recent UNEP-WDPA data and its 98483 national designation records from 192 countries,two other customized databases accommodating 2638 records of officially designated national parks from 184 jurisdictions around the globe,and 2064 records of extended Chinese national park sites.However,mushrooming designations and growing databases are posing significant challenges even though the IUCN and UNEP have both devoted efforts to build and promote a common language called the ＂System of Management Categories for Protected Areas＂.Thus conversely the best possible outcome and the worst confusion might have originated from the same objective that is known by the simple moniker as a national park.This is why much more work needs to be done to enhance communication among different stakeholders from the world.In this paper,the authors are intending to demonstrate that China＇s government agencies should boost a dialogue with the UNEP-WDPA operating staff in order that the current innovative national park programs are recognized by the global community.Meanwhile,the authors also recommend that IUCN needs to revise and refresh the current protected area classification system for the purpose of effectively servicing the diverse stakeholders in such a diversified world of national park systems around the globe.
基金Sponsored by General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing City(8202017)Youth Talent Support Program of 2018 Beijing Municipal University Academic Human Resources Development(PXM2018_014212_000043).
文摘Low carbon landscape development is an emerging approach of landscape design,which aims to promote sustainable development,and reduce energy consumption and environmental impact by reducing carbon emissions.As an important component of low carbon landscape construction,the construction of urban pocket park system based on mini-parks plays a crucial role in improving the urban greening level,increasing the urban green space,alleviating the urban pressure,improving the living and healthy environment of urban residents,and promoting the urban ecological balance.Taking Chaowai district of Beijing as an example,this paper calculates the ecological value of trees including energy contribution,carbon sequestration,ability to improve rainfall runoff and aesthetic value by collecting the information of trees and the plot on which the trees are located through the i-Tree platform,which provides important reference value for the urban pocket park system planning to create low carbon comprehensive benefits.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(22393954 and 22078358)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Steam power systems(SPSs)in industrial parks are the typical utility systems for heat and electricity supply.In SPSs,electricity is generated by steam turbines,and steam is generally produced and supplied at multiple levels to serve the heat demands of consumers with different temperature grades,so that energy is utilized in cascade.While a large number of steam levels enhances energy utilization efficiency,it also tends to cause a complex steam pipeline network in the industrial park.In practice,a moderate number of steam levels is always adopted in SPSs,leading to temperature mismatches between heat supply and demand for some consumers.This study proposes a distributed steam turbine system(DSTS)consisting of main steam turbines on the energy supply side and auxiliary steam turbines on the energy consumption side,aiming to balance the heat production costs,the distance-related costs,and the electricity generation of SPSs in industrial parks.A mixed-integer nonlinear programming model is established for the optimization of SPSs,with the objective of minimizing the total annual cost(TAC).The optimal number of steam levels and the optimal configuration of DSTS for an industrial park can be determined by solving the model.A case study demonstrates that the TAC of the SPS is reduced by 220.6×10^(3)USD(2.21%)through the arrangement of auxiliary steam turbines.The sub-optimal number of steam levels and a non-optimal operating condition slightly increase the TAC by 0.46%and 0.28%,respectively.The sensitivity analysis indicates that the optimal number of steam levels tends to decrease from 3 to 2 as electricity price declines.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4201003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52278104 and 52108076)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC1042).
文摘Hybrid energy storage can enhance the economic performance and reliability of energy systems in industrial parks,while lowering the industrial parks’carbon emissions and accommodating diverse load demands from users.However,most optimization research on hybrid energy storage has adopted rulebased passive-control principles,failing to fully leverage the advantages of active energy storage.To address this gap in the literature,this study develops a detailed model for an industrial park energy system with hybrid energy storage(IPES-HES),taking into account the operational characteristics of energy devices such as lithium batteries and thermal storage tanks.An active operation strategy for hybrid energy storage is proposed that uses decision variables based on hourly power outputs from the energy storage of the subsequent day.An optimization configuration model for an IPES-HES is formulated with the goals of reducing costs and lowering carbon emissions and is solved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ).A method using the improved NSGA-Ⅱ is developed for day-ahead nonlinear scheduling,based on configuration optimization.The research findings indicate that the system energy bill and the peak power of the IPES-HES under the optimization-based operational strategy are reduced by 181.4 USD(5.5%)and 1600.3 kW(43.7%),respectively,compared with an operation strategy based on proportional electricity storage on a typical summer day.Overall,the day-ahead nonlinear optimal scheduling method developed in this study offers guidance to fully harness the advantages of active energy storage.
基金“Chongqing Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project”(YKJCX2420813)。
文摘This study focuses on the ecosystem cultural service quality of Qu County Congren Valley Forest Park from the perspective of tourist perception.Using the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)questionnaire survey method and SPSS data analysis techniques,we systematically evaluate tourists’cognitive differences and improvement paths regarding the cultural service value of the scenic area.Based on the nonmaterial characteristics of ecosystem cultural services,combined with the unique Congren culture and natural landscape resources of Congren Valley,we designed a five-dimensional scale including natural landscape and ecological protection,cultural display and interpretation services,cultural activity participation and experience,infrastructure and supporting services,and safety management.This covers tourists’evaluations of the importance of elements such as cultural displays,interpretation systems,interactive activities,and facility support,as well as their actual satisfaction feedback.Through descriptive statistical analysis,reliability and validity testing,factor analysis,and IPA matrix analysis,we reveal the core contradictions and improvement directions perceived by tourists.The study found that the convenience of facilities such as signage,rest areas,toilets,roads,and the cleanliness of the scenic area are key areas for improvement.Additionally,different age groups perceive differences in the cultural service quality of the Congren Valley Forest Park ecosystem.The study concludes that tourists have a high level of concern for the convenience of scenic infrastructure and sanitary environment.Improving these facilities can help increase tourist satisfaction and the overall service quality of the scenic area.Simultaneously,meeting the needs of segmented markets and constructing a three-in-one service system of“deep excavation of cultural symbols–digital storytelling–immersive scenes”is recommended.
基金supported by Technology Project of State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Company(2024-06)“Research on hierarchical partition dynamic calculation and panoramic monitoring technology of electric power carbon emission and its application”.
文摘In the pursuit of carbon peaking and neutrality goals,multi-energy parks,as major energy consumers and carbon emitters,urgently require low-carbon operational strategies.This paper proposes an electricity-carbon synergy-driven optimization method for the low-carbon operation ofmulti-energy parks.Themethod integratesmultienergy complementary scheduling with a tiered carbon trading mechanism to balance operational security,economic efficiency,and environmental objectives.A mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to characterize the coupling relationships and dynamic behaviors of key equipment,including photovoltaic systems,ground-source heat pumps,thermal storage electric boilers,combined heat and power units,and electrical energy storage systems.Furthermore,a tiered carbon trading model is established that incorporates carbon quota allocation and tiered carbon pricing to internalize carbon costs and discourage high-emission practices.Multi-scenario comparative analyses demonstrate that the electricity-carbon synergy scenario achieves a 42.64%reduction in carbon emissions compared to economy-oriented operation,while limiting the increase in operational costs to 20.85%.The carbon-prioritized scenario further reduces emissions by 9.7%,underscoring the inhibitory effect of the tiered carbon pricing mechanism on highcarbon activities.Sensitivity analyses confirm the model’s robustness against fluctuations in energy load,uncertainty in renewable generation,and variations in carbon price.This optimization method provides theoretical support for multi-energy coordinated scheduling and carbon responsibility allocation in industrial parks,offering valuable insights for promoting green transformation initiatives.
文摘In an era of profound changes to global trade,food security,and industrial organization,the ChinaIndonesia“Two Countries,Twin Parks”initiative has emerged as a strategic experiment with farreaching implications.Anchored in marine protein processing and advanced food manufacturing,this collaboration reflects not only a convergence of economic interests but also a deliberate rethinking of how China engages with global resources,technology,and partners.
文摘As one of the oldest and best-known park systems,the US National Park System continues to influence park systems around the world.However,the origins and wide diversity of US national parks are often not fully understood as there is a long-lived misconception that the large western parks represent the entirety of the US National Park System.In fact,the establishment of the first US national parks was heavily influenced by large 19th-century picturesque urban parks that provided benefits to the public and society.The foundational concept of national parks serving a public purpose has never changed,however,the types of landscapes selected as national parks have changed as societal values have evolved and now the system provides public benefits beyond those originally envisioned.This paper examines the development of the US National Park System,emphasising the evolution of landscape values.The emergence of the cultural landscape concept illustrates the evolution of landscape values from their early antecedents in the late 19th century to their contributions to innovative conservation strategies today.Throughout the development of the US National Park System,international exchange has and continues to play a pivotal role,advancing the inter-linkages of culture and nature for the most effective conservation.
基金Supported by the 2008 Provincial Key Scientific Research Program of Anhui Science & Technology Department~~
文摘The feasibility of underground space utilization in urban parks, the function and scale of underground space were explored, also the role, composition, quantification of the index system of underground space utilization in urban parks were analyzed, and the corresponding conceptual framework of index system were proposed.
基金Supported by Fund Project of Scientific Research of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering(G3071201)~~
文摘Based on the idea of system,the paper had analyzed components of garden road system in urban park and their relations from the perspective of function,pattern and facility,and established framework of garden road system for guidance of garden road construction.After introduction of the connotation of garden road system,its attributes were summarized which were isolated elements,integrated collection,clear level and dynamic development;and its functional composition had been concluded from the aspects of practical function and social function.Practical functions contained traffic organization and guidance tour,space division and landscape composition,facility organization and habitat improvement.Social functions consisted of communication and education function.The pattern of garden road system had been introduced in terms of pattern elements,level structure and layout form.Facilities of garden road system had been classified into five categories covering rest facilities,ornamental facilities,light facilities,display facilities and service facilities.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Project No.51478299)
文摘Park system planning has been regarded as a systematic, effi cient and rational approach that uses nature to organize and guide the social and spatial development of cities. As an important tool for city planning development, it became an international phenomenon fostering international communications, in the meantime promoted individual expressions of nature, and became one of the crucial planning strategies to reshape China's modern cityscape. This paper investigates the diffusion and development of park system planning in Chinese cities during early 20^(th) century. It elucidates the theoretical origins and practical experiments, identifi es the selective and diversifi ed transfer of Western models, and further reveals the insights of transnational urbanism and national identity. The research intends to provide some reference for the planning of park and green space system in contemporary Chinese cities under the background of globalization.
文摘The paper had introduced researches on urban forest park and analyzed its particularity.In terms of elimination of externality during development and tourism consumption process of urban forest park,real estate agent had been introduced and two assumptions had been proposed to eliminate externality.As for elimination of externality during development of urban forest park,right to use planning land for urban forest park and surrounding land for real estate development would be sold to estate agent who would develop urban forest park and commodity house;the management of forest urban park would be undertaken by tourism development companies for which estate agent would make compensation.As for elimination of externality during tourism consumption process,it would control with policies and laws,or establish ticket system.As the study hadn't been conducted on policies about urban land and real estate,the feasibility of the first assumption needed to be further studied by environmental economists.
基金supported by the Germany/Hong Kong Joint Research Scheme 2015/16 under Hong Kong SAR Governments’ RGC Grant (No.G-HKBU202/15)the Faculty Research Grant,Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong (No.FRG2/13-14/065)
文摘Background:With an increase in the evidence for the associations between park-based physical activity(PA)and physical environments(especially park and neighborhood environments),researchers face an important challenge in interpreting and summarizing the evidence to develop environ?mental change interventions.An updated review is needed to better inform policymaking and environmental interventions.The current study aimed to systematically review the research on the associations of park-based PA with park and neighborhood environmental characteristics.Methods:We targeted English peer-reviewed articles from 5 electronic databases using keywords related to park-based PA,park environments,and neighborhood environments.Of the 4071 identified papers,25 studies published between 2008 and 2016 met all the eligibility criteria and were included in this review.Results:The characteristics of physical environment that received consistent support included paths/trails,lighting,and incivilities(e.g.,broken glasses and litter).Mixed findings were revealed for 6 park environmental factors(unspecified active facilities,playgrounds and skating areas,fit?ness stations,picnic areas,greenness,and park size)and 2 neighborhood environmental factors(park density and park proximity).Conclusion:It can be concluded that paths/trails,lighting,and incivilities are 3 key physical environmental attributes of park-based PA.Given the inconsistent findings on park and neighborhood environmental factors,more robust designs such as prospective investigation are required.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant number 2018YFC0507201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant number 41801366)。
文摘Species diversity exhibit a close relationship with ecosystem services, and making clear the relationship can help us understand the service value and functional mechanism of ecosystems and take measures to promote human well-being. Here, we used species survey data and multi-source habitat factors to simulate the spatial distribution of species richness and four types of ecosystem services(water production, net primary productivity, carbon storage, and habitat quality) in Sanjiangyuan National Park located in Qinghai Province, China. We also analyzed the spatial distribution pattern and explored the spatial relationship between species richness and ecosystem services through Geo Detector analyses. We found that high species richness in Sanjiangyuan National Park was shown to be mainly distributed in areas with high vegetation growth on both sides of rivers. The effect of climate on the spatial distribution of species richness in the park is the highest among all the selected environmental variables. For the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem services, the relative correlation strength of single ecosystem service varied among the three main ecosystems(grassland, meadow, and wetland) and all relations are positive.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42001194)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23100203)。
文摘Conservation-compatible development of rural communities is an important part of nature conservation objectives.Understanding the role of agriculture,which is often practiced in or bordering the protected areas in rural China,is critical for managing conservation networks considering that limited spatial areas are available for enclosed protected areas.Important Agricultural Heritage Systems stand out for their multi-functionality,and some of their values are compatible with nature conservation.This paper examined the concept,management objectives and resource management characteristics of the Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(IAHS)by analysing their interactions with national parks in terms of community development.The results reveal that management strategies of dynamic conservation,integrated protection and adaptive management of the IAHS can contribute to those national park management objectives concerning conservation-compatible livelihood.However,the typology of the protected area system,including the traditional agricultural system as a new type,needs further consideration.
