With the development of smart cities and smart technologies,parks,as functional units of the city,are facing smart transformation.The development of smart parks can help address challenges of technology integration wi...With the development of smart cities and smart technologies,parks,as functional units of the city,are facing smart transformation.The development of smart parks can help address challenges of technology integration within urban spaces and serve as testbeds for exploring smart city planning and governance models.Information models facilitate the effective integration of technology into space.Building Information Modeling(BIM)and City Information Modeling(CIM)have been widely used in urban construction.However,the existing information models have limitations in the application of the park,so it is necessary to develop an information model suitable for the park.This paper first traces the evolution of park smart transformation,reviews the global landscape of smart park development,and identifies key trends and persistent challenges.Addressing the particularities of parks,the concept of Park Information Modeling(PIM)is proposed.PIM leverages smart technologies such as artificial intelligence,digital twins,and collaborative sensing to help form a‘space-technology-system’smart structure,enabling systematic management of diverse park spaces,addressing the deficiency in park-level information models,and aiming to achieve scale articulation between BIM and CIM.Finally,through a detailed top-level design application case study of the Nanjing Smart Education Park in China,this paper illustrates the translation process of the PIM concept into practice,showcasing its potential to provide smart management tools for park managers and enhance services for park stakeholders,although further empirical validation is required.展开更多
The natural upper boundary of a forest（forest line） in mountain environments is an indicator of climate conditions. An increase in global average temperatures has resulted in an upward advance of the forest line. Th...The natural upper boundary of a forest（forest line） in mountain environments is an indicator of climate conditions. An increase in global average temperatures has resulted in an upward advance of the forest line. This advance may result in fragmentation of the alpine ecosystem and a loss of biodiversity. Therefore, it is important to identify potential areas where current forests can advance under scenarios of future climate change. I used expert knowledge and cartographic modeling to create a hybrid cartographic model considering five topographic variables to predict areas where forest line can expand in the future.The prediction accuracy of the model is around 82%. The model is able to predict areas above the current forest line that are suitable or unsuitable for future forest advance.Further inclusion of high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, as well as field-based information into the model can help to improve the model accuracy.展开更多
To evaluate the software behavior of the electronic control unit （ECU） of automotive electrical parking brake （EPB）, a software- in-the-loop （SiL） simulation system is built. The EPB is simulated by ARX （auto-r...To evaluate the software behavior of the electronic control unit （ECU） of automotive electrical parking brake （EPB）, a software- in-the-loop （SiL） simulation system is built. The EPB is simulated by ARX （auto-regressive with auxiliary input） model, ARMAX （auto-regressive moving average with auxiliary input） model, and NNARMAX （neural network ARMAX） model. By system identification, the ARX（3,4,2）, ARX（4,4,2）, ARMAX（3,3,1,1）, and ARMAX（4,4,3,2） models are derived. Validation results show that the four-order ARMAX model and the NNARMAX model better simulate the actuator of the EPB.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42330510)。
文摘With the development of smart cities and smart technologies,parks,as functional units of the city,are facing smart transformation.The development of smart parks can help address challenges of technology integration within urban spaces and serve as testbeds for exploring smart city planning and governance models.Information models facilitate the effective integration of technology into space.Building Information Modeling(BIM)and City Information Modeling(CIM)have been widely used in urban construction.However,the existing information models have limitations in the application of the park,so it is necessary to develop an information model suitable for the park.This paper first traces the evolution of park smart transformation,reviews the global landscape of smart park development,and identifies key trends and persistent challenges.Addressing the particularities of parks,the concept of Park Information Modeling(PIM)is proposed.PIM leverages smart technologies such as artificial intelligence,digital twins,and collaborative sensing to help form a‘space-technology-system’smart structure,enabling systematic management of diverse park spaces,addressing the deficiency in park-level information models,and aiming to achieve scale articulation between BIM and CIM.Finally,through a detailed top-level design application case study of the Nanjing Smart Education Park in China,this paper illustrates the translation process of the PIM concept into practice,showcasing its potential to provide smart management tools for park managers and enhance services for park stakeholders,although further empirical validation is required.
文摘The natural upper boundary of a forest（forest line） in mountain environments is an indicator of climate conditions. An increase in global average temperatures has resulted in an upward advance of the forest line. This advance may result in fragmentation of the alpine ecosystem and a loss of biodiversity. Therefore, it is important to identify potential areas where current forests can advance under scenarios of future climate change. I used expert knowledge and cartographic modeling to create a hybrid cartographic model considering five topographic variables to predict areas where forest line can expand in the future.The prediction accuracy of the model is around 82%. The model is able to predict areas above the current forest line that are suitable or unsuitable for future forest advance.Further inclusion of high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models, as well as field-based information into the model can help to improve the model accuracy.
基金Sichuan Province Key Discipline Con-struction for Automotive Engineering ( No.SZD0410 )Research Foundation of Xihua University (No.R0620301)
文摘To evaluate the software behavior of the electronic control unit （ECU） of automotive electrical parking brake （EPB）, a software- in-the-loop （SiL） simulation system is built. The EPB is simulated by ARX （auto-regressive with auxiliary input） model, ARMAX （auto-regressive moving average with auxiliary input） model, and NNARMAX （neural network ARMAX） model. By system identification, the ARX（3,4,2）, ARX（4,4,2）, ARMAX（3,3,1,1）, and ARMAX（4,4,3,2） models are derived. Validation results show that the four-order ARMAX model and the NNARMAX model better simulate the actuator of the EPB.
