Multiple objectives to be optimized simultaneously are prevalent in real-life problems. This paper develops a new Pareto Method for bi-objective optimization which yields analytical solutions. The Pareto optimal front...Multiple objectives to be optimized simultaneously are prevalent in real-life problems. This paper develops a new Pareto Method for bi-objective optimization which yields analytical solutions. The Pareto optimal front is obtained in closed-form, enabling the derivation of various solutions in a convenient and efficient way. The advantage of analytical solution is the possibility of deriving accurate, exact and well-understood solutions, which is especially useful for policy analysis. An extension of the method to include multiple objectives is provided with the objectives being classified into two types. Such an extension expands the applicability of the developed techniques.展开更多
目的分析首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心儿童抗菌药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)发生规律和特点,为儿童安全用药提供参考。方法收集首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心2005年1月—2024年12月上报至国家药品不良反应监测系...目的分析首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心儿童抗菌药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)发生规律和特点,为儿童安全用药提供参考。方法收集首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心2005年1月—2024年12月上报至国家药品不良反应监测系统的抗菌药物ADR报告382例,对患儿的性别、年龄、给药途径、药品类别、累及系统/器官及临床表现、ADR发生时间、转归及上报人员进行分类,并应用帕累托图分析。结果382例ADR报告中,女性157例(41.10%),男性223例(58.38%),性别不详2例(0.52%)。年龄段分布以学龄期(30.37%)、幼儿期(22.51%)和学龄前期(24.35%)为主。静脉滴注是引发ADR的主要给药途径,占比85.60%。头孢菌素类(22.72%)、大环内酯类(21.23%)、糖肽类(13.58%)抗菌药物引发的ADR居多。抗菌药物累及最多的系统/器官是皮肤及附件,高达199例(50.38%)。ADR主要发生在用药后1 d内以及用药后1~2 d。上报人员中,药师上报307例,医师上报71例,护士上报4例。绝大多数ADR经处理后好转或痊愈。结论儿童应用抗菌药物应全面考虑ADR,加强监护,确保临床用药安全。展开更多
文摘Multiple objectives to be optimized simultaneously are prevalent in real-life problems. This paper develops a new Pareto Method for bi-objective optimization which yields analytical solutions. The Pareto optimal front is obtained in closed-form, enabling the derivation of various solutions in a convenient and efficient way. The advantage of analytical solution is the possibility of deriving accurate, exact and well-understood solutions, which is especially useful for policy analysis. An extension of the method to include multiple objectives is provided with the objectives being classified into two types. Such an extension expands the applicability of the developed techniques.
文摘目的分析首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心儿童抗菌药物不良反应(adverse drug reactions,ADR)发生规律和特点,为儿童安全用药提供参考。方法收集首都医科大学附属首都儿童医学中心2005年1月—2024年12月上报至国家药品不良反应监测系统的抗菌药物ADR报告382例,对患儿的性别、年龄、给药途径、药品类别、累及系统/器官及临床表现、ADR发生时间、转归及上报人员进行分类,并应用帕累托图分析。结果382例ADR报告中,女性157例(41.10%),男性223例(58.38%),性别不详2例(0.52%)。年龄段分布以学龄期(30.37%)、幼儿期(22.51%)和学龄前期(24.35%)为主。静脉滴注是引发ADR的主要给药途径,占比85.60%。头孢菌素类(22.72%)、大环内酯类(21.23%)、糖肽类(13.58%)抗菌药物引发的ADR居多。抗菌药物累及最多的系统/器官是皮肤及附件,高达199例(50.38%)。ADR主要发生在用药后1 d内以及用药后1~2 d。上报人员中,药师上报307例,医师上报71例,护士上报4例。绝大多数ADR经处理后好转或痊愈。结论儿童应用抗菌药物应全面考虑ADR,加强监护,确保临床用药安全。
