BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes.This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens.The h...BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes.This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens.The hypothesis is that higher self-efficacy and authoritative parenting patterns will be negatively correlated with severe depression in adolescents.AIM To investigate the correlation between self-efficacy,parenting patterns and major depression in adolescents,and to provide guidance for mental intervention.METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey design,the data were collected through a questionnaire survey.Patients with major depression and healthy adolescents in the hospital control group were selected as the study objects.The General Self-Efficacy Scale,the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale,and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as research instruments.Data input and statistical analysis were performed,including descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,through SPSS software.RESULTS The study found that depressed patients had significantly lower self-efficacy than healthy controls,and parenting style was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in terms of emotional warmth and understanding,punishment severity,and denial.Specifically,parental emotional warmth and understanding were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms,while parental punishment severity and denial were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms.Self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms,indicating that higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION Adolescent major depressive disorder patient was significantly associated with their parenting style and selfefficacy.Higher self-efficacy is associated with decreased depressive symptoms,so improving adolescent selfefficacy and improving parenting style are important.展开更多
Objective:Empathy can help establish harmonious nurse-patient relationships.We aimed to assess the status of empathy,and explore the relationship between learning burnout,parental rearing patterns and empathy amongst ...Objective:Empathy can help establish harmonious nurse-patient relationships.We aimed to assess the status of empathy,and explore the relationship between learning burnout,parental rearing patterns and empathy amongst nursing students.Method:A questionnaire survey that employed the Learning Burnout Scale,the Short-Form Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran(s-EMBU)and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy was conducted amongst 562 nursing students.The data were analysed on the basis of descriptive statistic and correlation analysis was used.Results:Empathy is negatively correlated with learning burnout,parental rejection and overprotection and showed no positive correlation with parental emotional warmth.Conclusions:Educators should pay attention to nursing students'feelings and learning burnout status and take positive measures to improve the empathy level of the students.Positive parental rearing patterns also help cultivate empathy.展开更多
Background:Great diversity exists in the parenting pattern of altricial birds,which has long been considered as an adaptive response to specific environmental conditions but not to their life-history style.Methods:We ...Background:Great diversity exists in the parenting pattern of altricial birds,which has long been considered as an adaptive response to specific environmental conditions but not to their life-history style.Methods:We examined the egg-laying and nestling-raising pattern of the Grey-backed Shrike(Lanius tephronotus)that breeds only once a year on the Tibetan Plateau.We compared the dietary composition to that of its sympatric competitor,the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush(Trochalopteron henrici)that breeds twice a year.Results:Female Grey-backed Shrikes produced a fixed clutch size of five,with increasing egg size by their laying sequence.The last offspring in the brood is disadvantageous in the size hierarchy because it hatches later.However,they had the largest fledgling body mass.These findings indicate that Grey-backed Shrikes adopt the brood survival strategy in both the egg and nestling phases.Moreover,males and females exhibit no sexual division in providing parental care as they made an equal contribution to the total amount of food delivered to their brood.This parenting pattern of Grey-backed Shrikes,as well as their dietary items,differ significantly from those of the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush.Conclusions:We suggest that the differentiation in life-history style between sympatric competitors,rather than a behavioral response to specific environmental conditions,plays a decisive role in driving avian parenting strategy diversification.展开更多
The Ospino-Kitoi and Kharanur ultrabasic massifs represent the northern and southern ophiolite branches respectively of the Upper Onot ophiolitic nappe and they are located in the southeastern part of the Eastern Saya...The Ospino-Kitoi and Kharanur ultrabasic massifs represent the northern and southern ophiolite branches respectively of the Upper Onot ophiolitic nappe and they are located in the southeastern part of the Eastern Sayan（SEPES ophiolites）.Podiform chromitites with PGE mineralization occur as lensoid pods within dunites and rarely in harzburgites or serpentinized peridotites.The chromitites are classified into type I and type Ⅱ based on their Cr~#.Type I（Cr~# = 59-85） occurs in both northern and southern branches,whereas type Ⅱ（Cr~# = 76-90） occurs only in the northern branch.PGE contents range from ∑PGE 88-1189 ppb,Pt/Ir0.04-0.42 to ∑PGE 250-1700 ppb,Pt/Ir 0.03-0.25 for type I chromitites of the northern and southern branches respectively.The type Ⅱ chromitites of the northern branch have ∑PGE contents higher than that of type Ⅰ（468-8617 ppb,Pt/Ir 0.1-0.33）.Parental melt compositions,in equilibrium with podiform chromitites,are in the range of boninitic melts and vary in Al_2O_3,TiO_2 and FeO/MgO contents from those of type I and type Ⅱ chromitites.Calculated melt compositions for type Ⅰ chromitites are（Al_2O_3）_（melt） = 10.6—13.5 wt.%,（TiO_2）_（melt） = 0.01-0.44 wt.%,（Fe/Mg）_（melt） = 0.42-1.81;those for type Ⅱ chromitites are：（Al_2O_3）_（melt） = 7.8-10.5 wt.%,（TiO_2）_（melt） = 0.01-0.25 wt.%,（Fe/Mg）_（melt） = 0.5-2.4.Chromitites are further divided into Os-Ir-Ru（Ⅰ） and Pt-Pd（Ⅱ） based on their PGE patterns.The type Ⅰ chromitites show only the Os-Ir-Ru pattern whereas type Ⅱ shows both Os-Ir-Ru and Pt-Pd patterns.PGE mineralization in type Ⅰ chromitites is represented by the Os-Ir-Ru system,whereas in type Ⅱ it is represented by the Os-Ir-Ru-Rh-Pt system.These results indicate that chromitites and PGE mineralization in the northern branch formed in a suprasubduction setting from a fluid-rich boninitic melt during active subduction.However,the chromitites and PGE mineralization of the southern branch could have formed in a spreading zone environment.Mantle peridotites have been exposed in the area with remnants of mantle-derived reduced fluids,as indicated by the occurrence of widespread highly carbonaceous graphitized ultrabasic rocks and serpentinites with up to 9.75 wt.%.Fluid inclusions in highly carbonaceous graphitized ultrabasic rocks contain CO,CO_2,CH4,N_2 and the δ^（13）C isotopic composition（-7.4 to-14.5‰） broadly corresponds to mantle carbon.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant psychological changes.This study explores how self-efficacy and parental parenting styles may influence the risk of severe depression among teens.The hypothesis is that higher self-efficacy and authoritative parenting patterns will be negatively correlated with severe depression in adolescents.AIM To investigate the correlation between self-efficacy,parenting patterns and major depression in adolescents,and to provide guidance for mental intervention.METHODS Using a cross-sectional survey design,the data were collected through a questionnaire survey.Patients with major depression and healthy adolescents in the hospital control group were selected as the study objects.The General Self-Efficacy Scale,the Parenting Style Evaluation Scale,and the Beck Depression Inventory were used as research instruments.Data input and statistical analysis were performed,including descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,through SPSS software.RESULTS The study found that depressed patients had significantly lower self-efficacy than healthy controls,and parenting style was significantly associated with depressive symptoms in terms of emotional warmth and understanding,punishment severity,and denial.Specifically,parental emotional warmth and understanding were significantly negatively associated with depressive symptoms,while parental punishment severity and denial were significantly positively associated with depressive symptoms.Self-efficacy showed a significant negative correlation with depressive symptoms,indicating that higher self-efficacy had lower depressive symptoms.CONCLUSION Adolescent major depressive disorder patient was significantly associated with their parenting style and selfefficacy.Higher self-efficacy is associated with decreased depressive symptoms,so improving adolescent selfefficacy and improving parenting style are important.
文摘Objective:Empathy can help establish harmonious nurse-patient relationships.We aimed to assess the status of empathy,and explore the relationship between learning burnout,parental rearing patterns and empathy amongst nursing students.Method:A questionnaire survey that employed the Learning Burnout Scale,the Short-Form Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran(s-EMBU)and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy was conducted amongst 562 nursing students.The data were analysed on the basis of descriptive statistic and correlation analysis was used.Results:Empathy is negatively correlated with learning burnout,parental rejection and overprotection and showed no positive correlation with parental emotional warmth.Conclusions:Educators should pay attention to nursing students'feelings and learning burnout status and take positive measures to improve the empathy level of the students.Positive parental rearing patterns also help cultivate empathy.
基金Financial support was provided by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.31672299,31572271 and 31772465)the Natural Science Foundation of Xizang Province of China(2016ZR-NY-05)。
文摘Background:Great diversity exists in the parenting pattern of altricial birds,which has long been considered as an adaptive response to specific environmental conditions but not to their life-history style.Methods:We examined the egg-laying and nestling-raising pattern of the Grey-backed Shrike(Lanius tephronotus)that breeds only once a year on the Tibetan Plateau.We compared the dietary composition to that of its sympatric competitor,the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush(Trochalopteron henrici)that breeds twice a year.Results:Female Grey-backed Shrikes produced a fixed clutch size of five,with increasing egg size by their laying sequence.The last offspring in the brood is disadvantageous in the size hierarchy because it hatches later.However,they had the largest fledgling body mass.These findings indicate that Grey-backed Shrikes adopt the brood survival strategy in both the egg and nestling phases.Moreover,males and females exhibit no sexual division in providing parental care as they made an equal contribution to the total amount of food delivered to their brood.This parenting pattern of Grey-backed Shrikes,as well as their dietary items,differ significantly from those of the Brown-cheeked Laughing Thrush.Conclusions:We suggest that the differentiation in life-history style between sympatric competitors,rather than a behavioral response to specific environmental conditions,plays a decisive role in driving avian parenting strategy diversification.
基金supported by RFBR grant Nos.16-05-00737 A,1605-00860 A,and 15-05-06950 Ascientific school-7201.2012.5, project SB RAS No.89
文摘The Ospino-Kitoi and Kharanur ultrabasic massifs represent the northern and southern ophiolite branches respectively of the Upper Onot ophiolitic nappe and they are located in the southeastern part of the Eastern Sayan（SEPES ophiolites）.Podiform chromitites with PGE mineralization occur as lensoid pods within dunites and rarely in harzburgites or serpentinized peridotites.The chromitites are classified into type I and type Ⅱ based on their Cr~#.Type I（Cr~# = 59-85） occurs in both northern and southern branches,whereas type Ⅱ（Cr~# = 76-90） occurs only in the northern branch.PGE contents range from ∑PGE 88-1189 ppb,Pt/Ir0.04-0.42 to ∑PGE 250-1700 ppb,Pt/Ir 0.03-0.25 for type I chromitites of the northern and southern branches respectively.The type Ⅱ chromitites of the northern branch have ∑PGE contents higher than that of type Ⅰ（468-8617 ppb,Pt/Ir 0.1-0.33）.Parental melt compositions,in equilibrium with podiform chromitites,are in the range of boninitic melts and vary in Al_2O_3,TiO_2 and FeO/MgO contents from those of type I and type Ⅱ chromitites.Calculated melt compositions for type Ⅰ chromitites are（Al_2O_3）_（melt） = 10.6—13.5 wt.%,（TiO_2）_（melt） = 0.01-0.44 wt.%,（Fe/Mg）_（melt） = 0.42-1.81;those for type Ⅱ chromitites are：（Al_2O_3）_（melt） = 7.8-10.5 wt.%,（TiO_2）_（melt） = 0.01-0.25 wt.%,（Fe/Mg）_（melt） = 0.5-2.4.Chromitites are further divided into Os-Ir-Ru（Ⅰ） and Pt-Pd（Ⅱ） based on their PGE patterns.The type Ⅰ chromitites show only the Os-Ir-Ru pattern whereas type Ⅱ shows both Os-Ir-Ru and Pt-Pd patterns.PGE mineralization in type Ⅰ chromitites is represented by the Os-Ir-Ru system,whereas in type Ⅱ it is represented by the Os-Ir-Ru-Rh-Pt system.These results indicate that chromitites and PGE mineralization in the northern branch formed in a suprasubduction setting from a fluid-rich boninitic melt during active subduction.However,the chromitites and PGE mineralization of the southern branch could have formed in a spreading zone environment.Mantle peridotites have been exposed in the area with remnants of mantle-derived reduced fluids,as indicated by the occurrence of widespread highly carbonaceous graphitized ultrabasic rocks and serpentinites with up to 9.75 wt.%.Fluid inclusions in highly carbonaceous graphitized ultrabasic rocks contain CO,CO_2,CH4,N_2 and the δ^（13）C isotopic composition（-7.4 to-14.5‰） broadly corresponds to mantle carbon.
